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Kitidis V, Shutler JD, Ashton I, Warren M, Brown I, Findlay H, Hartman SE, Sanders R, Humphreys M, Kivimäe C, Greenwood N, Hull T, Pearce D, McGrath T, Stewart BM, Walsham P, McGovern E, Bozec Y, Gac JP, van Heuven SMAC, Hoppema M, Schuster U, Johannessen T, Omar A, Lauvset SK, Skjelvan I, Olsen A, Steinhoff T, Körtzinger A, Becker M, Lefevre N, Diverrès D, Gkritzalis T, Cattrijsse A, Petersen W, Voynova YG, Chapron B, Grouazel A, Land PE, Sharples J, Nightingale PD. Winter weather controls net influx of atmospheric CO 2 on the north-west European shelf. Sci Rep 2019; 9:20153. [PMID: 31882779 PMCID: PMC6934492 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-56363-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Shelf seas play an important role in the global carbon cycle, absorbing atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) and exporting carbon (C) to the open ocean and sediments. The magnitude of these processes is poorly constrained, because observations are typically interpolated over multiple years. Here, we used 298500 observations of CO2 fugacity (fCO2) from a single year (2015), to estimate the net influx of atmospheric CO2 as 26.2 ± 4.7 Tg C yr-1 over the open NW European shelf. CO2 influx from the atmosphere was dominated by influx during winter as a consequence of high winds, despite a smaller, thermally-driven, air-sea fCO2 gradient compared to the larger, biologically-driven summer gradient. In order to understand this climate regulation service, we constructed a carbon-budget supplemented by data from the literature, where the NW European shelf is treated as a box with carbon entering and leaving the box. This budget showed that net C-burial was a small sink of 1.3 ± 3.1 Tg C yr-1, while CO2 efflux from estuaries to the atmosphere, removed the majority of river C-inputs. In contrast, the input from the Baltic Sea likely contributes to net export via the continental shelf pump and advection (34.4 ± 6.0 Tg C yr-1).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jamie D Shutler
- University of Exeter, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Exeter, UK
| | - Ian Ashton
- University of Exeter, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Exeter, UK
| | | | - Ian Brown
- Plymouth Marine Laboratory, Plymouth, UK
| | | | | | | | - Matthew Humphreys
- Ocean and Earth Science, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | | | - Naomi Greenwood
- Centre for Environment Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (Cefas), Lowestoft, UK
| | - Tom Hull
- Centre for Environment Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (Cefas), Lowestoft, UK
| | - David Pearce
- Centre for Environment Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (Cefas), Lowestoft, UK
| | | | | | | | | | - Yann Bozec
- Station Biologique de Roscoff, UMR CNRS - UPMC 7144 - Equipe Chimie Marine, Roscoff, France
| | - Jean-Philippe Gac
- Station Biologique de Roscoff, UMR CNRS - UPMC 7144 - Equipe Chimie Marine, Roscoff, France
| | | | - Mario Hoppema
- Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven, Germany
| | - Ute Schuster
- University of Exeter, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Exeter, UK
| | - Truls Johannessen
- Geophysical Institute, University of Bergen and Bjerknes Center for Climate Research, Bergen, Norway
| | - Abdirahman Omar
- NORCE Norwegian Research Centre, Bjerknes Center for Climate Research, Bergen, Norway
| | - Siv K Lauvset
- NORCE Norwegian Research Centre, Bjerknes Center for Climate Research, Bergen, Norway
| | - Ingunn Skjelvan
- NORCE Norwegian Research Centre, Bjerknes Center for Climate Research, Bergen, Norway
| | - Are Olsen
- Geophysical Institute, University of Bergen and Bjerknes Center for Climate Research, Bergen, Norway
| | | | - Arne Körtzinger
- GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Meike Becker
- GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Kiel, Germany
- Geophysical Institute, University of Bergen and Bjerknes Center for Climate Research, Bergen, Norway
| | - Nathalie Lefevre
- Sorbonne Universités (UPMC, Univ Paris 06)-IRD-CNRS-MNHN, LOCEAN, Paris, France
| | - Denis Diverrès
- Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), centre de Bretagne, Plouzané, France
| | | | | | - Wilhelm Petersen
- Helmholtz Zentrum Geesthacht, Centre for Materials and Coastal Research, Geesthacht, Germany
| | - Yoana G Voynova
- Helmholtz Zentrum Geesthacht, Centre for Materials and Coastal Research, Geesthacht, Germany
| | - Bertrand Chapron
- Institut Francais Recherche Pour ĹExploitation de la Mer, Pointe du Diable, 29280, Plouzané, France
| | - Antoine Grouazel
- Institut Francais Recherche Pour ĹExploitation de la Mer, Pointe du Diable, 29280, Plouzané, France
| | | | - Jonathan Sharples
- University of Liverpool, School of Environmental Sciences, Liverpool, UK
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Mortelmans J, Deneudt K, Cattrijsse A, Beauchard O, Daveloose I, Vyverman W, Vanaverbeke J, Timmermans K, Peene J, Roose P, Knockaert M, Chou L, Sanders R, Stinchcombe M, Kimpe P, Lammens S, Theetaert H, Gkritzalis T, Hernandez F, Mees J. Nutrient, pigment, suspended matter and turbidity measurements in the Belgian part of the North Sea. Sci Data 2019; 6:22. [PMID: 30967554 PMCID: PMC6472411 DOI: 10.1038/s41597-019-0032-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Through regular sampling surveys, the Flanders Marine Institute is generating long term data series for the Belgian coastal water and sand bank systems, a designated site in the Long Term Ecological Research (LTER) network. The data series is built on sampling activities initiated in 2002, but gradually upgraded and extended in the framework of the LifeWatch marine observatory and the Integrated Carbon Observation System (ICOS) participation. Nine nearshore stations are sampled monthly, with additional seasonal sampling of eight offshore stations. This paper presents the generated data series for nutrients, pigments, suspended matter and turbidity. The collection, methodology and processing of the 2002–2018 dataset is described, along with its data curation, integration and quality control. Yearly versions of the data are published online in a standardized format, accompanied with extensive metadata description and labelled with digital identifiers for traceability. Data is published under a CC-BY license, allowing use of the data under the condition of providing reference to the original source. Design Type(s) | source-based data analysis objective • data collection and processing objective • observational design | Measurement Type(s) | pigment • nutrient • waterborne particulate matter • Turbidity Measurement | Technology Type(s) | high pressure liquid chromatography • segmented flow analyzer • balance • Secchi disk | Factor Type(s) | temporal_interval | Sample Characteristic(s) | North Sea • sea |
Machine-accessible metadata file describing the reported data (ISA-Tab format)
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Mortelmans
- Flanders Marine Institute (VLIZ), Wandelaarkaai 7, 8400, Oostende, Belgium.
| | - Klaas Deneudt
- Flanders Marine Institute (VLIZ), Wandelaarkaai 7, 8400, Oostende, Belgium.
| | - André Cattrijsse
- Flanders Marine Institute (VLIZ), Wandelaarkaai 7, 8400, Oostende, Belgium
| | - Olivier Beauchard
- Flanders Marine Institute (VLIZ), Wandelaarkaai 7, 8400, Oostende, Belgium.,University of Antwerp, Department of Biology, Ecosystem Management Research Group (ECOBE), Universiteitsplein 1, 2610, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Ilse Daveloose
- Ghent University, Laboratory of Protistology & Aquatic Ecology (PAE), Krijgslaan 281, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Wim Vyverman
- Ghent University, Laboratory of Protistology & Aquatic Ecology (PAE), Krijgslaan 281, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jan Vanaverbeke
- Ghent University, Marine Biology Research Group (MARBIOL), Krijgslaan 281, 9000, Ghent, Belgium.,Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, Operational Directorate Natural Environment (OD Nature), Marine Ecology and Management (MARECO), Vautierstraat 29, 1000, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Klaas Timmermans
- Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research (NIOZ), Department of Estuarine and Delta Systems, and Utrecht University, PO Box 140, 4401 NT, Yerseke, The Netherlands
| | - Jan Peene
- Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research (NIOZ), Department of Estuarine and Delta Systems, and Utrecht University, PO Box 140, 4401 NT, Yerseke, The Netherlands
| | - Patrick Roose
- Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, Operational Directorate Natural Environment (OD Nature), Vautierstraat 29, 1000, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Mark Knockaert
- Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, Operational Directorate Natural Environment (OD Nature), Vautierstraat 29, 1000, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Lei Chou
- Université Libre de Bruxelles, Service de Biogéochimie et Modélisation du Système Terre, CP208, Boulevard du Triomphe, 1050, Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Richard Sanders
- Ocean Biogeochemistry and Ecosystems, National Oceanography Centre (NOC), European Way, SO14 3ZH, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Marc Stinchcombe
- Ocean Biogeochemistry and Ecosystems, National Oceanography Centre (NOC), European Way, SO14 3ZH, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Philippe Kimpe
- Vlaamse Milieumaatschappij (VMM), Zandvoordestraat 375, 8400, Oostende, Belgium
| | - Saskia Lammens
- Vlaamse Milieumaatschappij (VMM), Zandvoordestraat 375, 8400, Oostende, Belgium
| | | | - Thanos Gkritzalis
- Flanders Marine Institute (VLIZ), Wandelaarkaai 7, 8400, Oostende, Belgium
| | | | - Jan Mees
- Flanders Marine Institute (VLIZ), Wandelaarkaai 7, 8400, Oostende, Belgium
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De Tender C, Devriese LI, Haegeman A, Maes S, Vangeyte J, Cattrijsse A, Dawyndt P, Ruttink T. Temporal Dynamics of Bacterial and Fungal Colonization on Plastic Debris in the North Sea. Environ Sci Technol 2017; 51:7350-7360. [PMID: 28562015 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.7b00697/suppl_file/es7b00697_si_001.pdf] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Despite growing evidence that biofilm formation on plastic debris in the marine environment may be essential for its biodegradation, the underlying processes have yet to be fully understood. Thus, far, bacterial biofilm formation had only been studied after short-term exposure or on floating plastic, yet a prominent share of plastic litter accumulates on the seafloor. In this study, we explored the taxonomic composition of bacterial and fungal communities on polyethylene plastic sheets and dolly ropes during long-term exposure on the seafloor, both at a harbor and an offshore location in the Belgian part of the North Sea. We reconstructed the sequence of events during biofilm formation on plastic in the harbor environment and identified a core bacteriome and subsets of bacterial indicator species for early, intermediate, and late stages of biofilm formation. Additionally, by implementing ITS2 metabarcoding on plastic debris, we identified and characterized for the first time fungal genera on plastic debris. Surprisingly, none of the plastics exposed to offshore conditions displayed the typical signature of a late stage biofilm, suggesting that biofilm formation is severely hampered in the natural environment where most plastic debris accumulates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline De Tender
- Institute of Agricultural, Fisheries and Food Research (ILVO) , Burgemeester Van Gansberghelaan 92, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
- Ghent University , Department of Applied Mathematics, Computer Sciences and Statistics, Krijgslaan 281 S9, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Lisa I Devriese
- Institute of Agricultural, Fisheries and Food Research (ILVO) , Burgemeester Van Gansberghelaan 92, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
- Department of Environment and Health, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam , De Boelelaan 1087, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Annelies Haegeman
- Institute of Agricultural, Fisheries and Food Research (ILVO) , Burgemeester Van Gansberghelaan 92, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Sara Maes
- Institute of Agricultural, Fisheries and Food Research (ILVO) , Burgemeester Van Gansberghelaan 92, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Jürgen Vangeyte
- Institute of Agricultural, Fisheries and Food Research (ILVO) , Burgemeester Van Gansberghelaan 92, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - André Cattrijsse
- Flanders Marine Institute , InnovOcean site, Wandelaarkaai 7, 8400 Oostende, Belgium
| | - Peter Dawyndt
- Ghent University , Department of Applied Mathematics, Computer Sciences and Statistics, Krijgslaan 281 S9, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Tom Ruttink
- Institute of Agricultural, Fisheries and Food Research (ILVO) , Burgemeester Van Gansberghelaan 92, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
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De Tender C, Devriese LI, Haegeman A, Maes S, Vangeyte J, Cattrijsse A, Dawyndt P, Ruttink T. Temporal Dynamics of Bacterial and Fungal Colonization on Plastic Debris in the North Sea. Environ Sci Technol 2017; 51:7350-7360. [PMID: 28562015 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.7b00697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Despite growing evidence that biofilm formation on plastic debris in the marine environment may be essential for its biodegradation, the underlying processes have yet to be fully understood. Thus, far, bacterial biofilm formation had only been studied after short-term exposure or on floating plastic, yet a prominent share of plastic litter accumulates on the seafloor. In this study, we explored the taxonomic composition of bacterial and fungal communities on polyethylene plastic sheets and dolly ropes during long-term exposure on the seafloor, both at a harbor and an offshore location in the Belgian part of the North Sea. We reconstructed the sequence of events during biofilm formation on plastic in the harbor environment and identified a core bacteriome and subsets of bacterial indicator species for early, intermediate, and late stages of biofilm formation. Additionally, by implementing ITS2 metabarcoding on plastic debris, we identified and characterized for the first time fungal genera on plastic debris. Surprisingly, none of the plastics exposed to offshore conditions displayed the typical signature of a late stage biofilm, suggesting that biofilm formation is severely hampered in the natural environment where most plastic debris accumulates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline De Tender
- Institute of Agricultural, Fisheries and Food Research (ILVO) , Burgemeester Van Gansberghelaan 92, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
- Ghent University , Department of Applied Mathematics, Computer Sciences and Statistics, Krijgslaan 281 S9, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Lisa I Devriese
- Institute of Agricultural, Fisheries and Food Research (ILVO) , Burgemeester Van Gansberghelaan 92, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
- Department of Environment and Health, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam , De Boelelaan 1087, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Annelies Haegeman
- Institute of Agricultural, Fisheries and Food Research (ILVO) , Burgemeester Van Gansberghelaan 92, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Sara Maes
- Institute of Agricultural, Fisheries and Food Research (ILVO) , Burgemeester Van Gansberghelaan 92, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Jürgen Vangeyte
- Institute of Agricultural, Fisheries and Food Research (ILVO) , Burgemeester Van Gansberghelaan 92, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - André Cattrijsse
- Flanders Marine Institute , InnovOcean site, Wandelaarkaai 7, 8400 Oostende, Belgium
| | - Peter Dawyndt
- Ghent University , Department of Applied Mathematics, Computer Sciences and Statistics, Krijgslaan 281 S9, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Tom Ruttink
- Institute of Agricultural, Fisheries and Food Research (ILVO) , Burgemeester Van Gansberghelaan 92, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
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Coro G, Webb TJ, Appeltans W, Bailly N, Cattrijsse A, Pagano P. Classifying degrees of species commonness: North Sea fish as a case study. Ecol Modell 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2015.05.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Hamerlynck O, Hostens K, Mees J, Arellano R, Cattrijsse A, Van De Vyver P, Craeymeersch J. The EBB tidal delta of the grevelingen: A man-made nursery for flatfish? ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1992. [DOI: 10.1016/0077-7579(92)90057-l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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