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Rampanti G, Raffo A, Melini V, Moneta E, Nardo N, Saggia Civitelli E, Bande-De León C, Tejada Portero L, Ferrocino I, Franciosa I, Cardinali F, Osimani A, Aquilanti L. Chemical, microbiological, textural, and sensory characteristics of pilot-scale Caciofiore cheese curdled with commercial Cynara cardunculus rennet and crude extracts from spontaneous and cultivated Onopordum tauricum. Food Res Int 2023; 173:113459. [PMID: 37803784 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.113459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was the chemical, microbiological, textural, and sensory characterization of pilot-scale prototypes of an Italian ewe's raw milk cheese (Caciofiore) curdled with commercial Cynara cardunculus rennet, used as a control, and crude extracts obtained from flowers of either spontaneous or cultivated Onopordum tauricum. Hence, the control and experimental cheese prototypes produced in two rounds of cheesemaking trials were assayed, at the end of their 60-day maturation, for the following features: pH, titratable acidity, dry matter, fat, total and soluble nitrogen (TN and SN, respectively), ash, salt, protein, lactose, viable plate counts and composition of the bacterial and fungal populations, color, texture, volatile organic compounds (VOCs), and olfactory attributes by sensory analysis (the latter for the sole prototypes curdled with the commercial rennet and the extract obtained from cultivated O. tauricum). The data overall collected showed a very low impact of the type of thistle rennet on the analyzed cheese traits, with significant differences being exclusively found for SN/TN%, titratable acidity, color, and adhesiveness. By contrast, a higher impact of the cheesemaking round was seen, with significant differences being observed for salt content, load of presumptive lactobacilli, thermophilic cocci, and Escherichia coli, and levels of the following VOCs: 2,3-butanedione, 2-pentanone, 1-butanol, 2-heptanone, 3-methyl-1-butanol, 2-heptanol, 2-nonanone, dimethyl trisulfide, 2-methyl propanoic acid, butanoic acid, and 3-methyl butanoic acid. Sensory analysis revealed a strong ewe's cheese odor, accompanied by other olfactory notes, such as pungent, sour curd, sweet, and Parmesan cheese-like notes, in all the analysed cheese prototypes. Moreover, key odor active compounds, including butanoic acid, ethyl butanoate, 2,3-butanedione, 1-octen-3-one, and dimethyl trisulfide, were identified by GC-olfactometry analysis. Regarding the odor attributes as determined by sensory analysis, again the type of rennet had an almost negligible impact, with significant differences being only perceived for 1 or 2 out of 20 odor attributes, depending on the analytical conditions applied. Although some aspects deserve further investigation, the results herein collected confirm that O. tauricum can be regarded as an alternative source of thistle rennet for the manufacture of Caciofiore cheese, and more in general, Mediterranean ewe's milk cheeses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgia Rampanti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari ed Ambientali, Università Politecnica delle Marche, via Brecce Bianche, 60131 Ancona, Italy
| | - Antonio Raffo
- CREA-Research Centre for Food and Nutrition, Via Ardeatina, 546, 00178 Rome, Italy.
| | - Valentina Melini
- CREA-Research Centre for Food and Nutrition, Via Ardeatina, 546, 00178 Rome, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Moneta
- CREA-Research Centre for Food and Nutrition, Via Ardeatina, 546, 00178 Rome, Italy
| | - Nicoletta Nardo
- CREA-Research Centre for Food and Nutrition, Via Ardeatina, 546, 00178 Rome, Italy
| | | | - Cindy Bande-De León
- Department of Human Nutrition and Food Technology, Universidad Católica de Murcia (UCAM), Campus de los Jerónimos, Guadalupe 30107, Spain
| | - Luis Tejada Portero
- Department of Human Nutrition and Food Technology, Universidad Católica de Murcia (UCAM), Campus de los Jerónimos, Guadalupe 30107, Spain
| | - Ilario Ferrocino
- Department of Agricultural, Forest, and Food Science, University of Turin (UNITO), Largo Paolo Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy
| | - Irene Franciosa
- Department of Agricultural, Forest, and Food Science, University of Turin (UNITO), Largo Paolo Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy
| | - Federica Cardinali
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari ed Ambientali, Università Politecnica delle Marche, via Brecce Bianche, 60131 Ancona, Italy
| | - Andrea Osimani
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari ed Ambientali, Università Politecnica delle Marche, via Brecce Bianche, 60131 Ancona, Italy
| | - Lucia Aquilanti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari ed Ambientali, Università Politecnica delle Marche, via Brecce Bianche, 60131 Ancona, Italy.
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Raffo A, Sapienza FU, Astolfi R, Lombardi G, Fraschetti C, Božović M, Artini M, Papa R, Trecca M, Fiorentino S, Vecchiarelli V, Papalini C, Selan L, Ragno R. Effect of Different Soil Treatments on Production and Chemical Composition of Essential Oils Extracted from Foeniculum vulgare Mill., Origanum vulgare L. and Thymus vulgaris L. Plants (Basel) 2023; 12:2835. [PMID: 37570990 PMCID: PMC10421082 DOI: 10.3390/plants12152835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to investigate how essential oil production and associated chemical composition and related biological activity could be influenced by different cultivation treatments and distillation methods. Foeniculum vulgare Mill. (fennel), Origanum vulgare L. (oregano) and Thymus vulgaris L. (thyme) were cultivated in absence of any fertilizer (control) and in presence of three different fertilizers: a chemical one with augmented mineral phosphorus and potassium, a second added with hydrolyzed organic substance and mineral phosphorus and potassium (organic-mineral) and a third one treated with a high content of organic nitrogen of protein origin (organic). The plants were subjected to steam distillation using two modalities, recycled and continuous, to obtain 32 essential oil samples. Chemical composition analysis was performed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry; in vitro antimicrobial activity was evaluated using a broth microdilution method. In general, the recycled distillation method appeared to have a slightly higher yield than the continuous method. The "mineral" and "organic-mineral" treatments resulted in a higher yield compared to the "organic" or "control" treatments, and this was particularly evident in the recycled method. The "control" plants had a lower yield of essential oils. Anethole (13.9-59.5%) and estragole (13.4-52.2%) were the main constituents of the fennel oils; p-cymene and its derivatives carvacrol and thymol were the main constituents of the oregano and thyme samples. The antimicrobial activity of the thyme oils on Staphylococcus aureus ranged from 0.31 to 0.16% (v/v); a lower effect of the oregano samples and no activity of the fennel samples were observed. The essential oils failed to inhibit the growth of Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Raffo
- CREA-Research Centre for Food and Nutrition, Via Ardeatina, 546, 00178 Rome, Italy;
| | - Filippo Umberto Sapienza
- Rome Center for Molecular Design, Department of Drug Chemistry and Technology, Sapienza University, p.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (F.U.S.); (R.A.)
| | - Roberta Astolfi
- Rome Center for Molecular Design, Department of Drug Chemistry and Technology, Sapienza University, p.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (F.U.S.); (R.A.)
| | - Gabriele Lombardi
- Department of Environmental Biology, Sapienza University, p.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy;
| | - Caterina Fraschetti
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technology, Sapienza University, p.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy;
| | - Mijat Božović
- Faculty of Natural Science and Mathematics, University of Montenegro, Džordža Vašingtona bb, 81000 Podgorica, Montenegro;
| | - Marco Artini
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University, p.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (M.A.); (R.P.); (M.T.); (L.S.)
| | - Rosanna Papa
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University, p.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (M.A.); (R.P.); (M.T.); (L.S.)
| | - Marika Trecca
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University, p.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (M.A.); (R.P.); (M.T.); (L.S.)
| | - Simona Fiorentino
- Centro Appenninico del Terminillo “Carlo Jucci”, Perugia University, Via Comunali 43, 02100 Rieti, Italy; (S.F.); (V.V.)
| | - Valerio Vecchiarelli
- Centro Appenninico del Terminillo “Carlo Jucci”, Perugia University, Via Comunali 43, 02100 Rieti, Italy; (S.F.); (V.V.)
| | - Claudia Papalini
- ARSIAL Agenzia Regionale per lo Sviluppo e l’Innovazione dell’Agricoltura del Lazio, Via R. Lanciani 38, 00162 Rome, Italy;
| | - Laura Selan
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University, p.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (M.A.); (R.P.); (M.T.); (L.S.)
| | - Rino Ragno
- Rome Center for Molecular Design, Department of Drug Chemistry and Technology, Sapienza University, p.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (F.U.S.); (R.A.)
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Zinno P, Guantario B, Lombardi G, Ranaldi G, Finamore A, Allegra S, Mammano MM, Fascella G, Raffo A, Roselli M. Chemical Composition and Biological Activities of Essential Oils from Origanum vulgare Genotypes Belonging to the Carvacrol and Thymol Chemotypes. Plants (Basel) 2023; 12:1344. [PMID: 36987032 PMCID: PMC10059975 DOI: 10.3390/plants12061344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
The remarkable biological activities of oregano essential oils (EOs) have recently prompted a host of studies aimed at exploring their potential innovative applications in the food and pharmaceutical industries. The chemical composition and biological activities of EOs from two Origanum vulgare genotypes, widely cultivated in Sicily and not previously studied for their biological properties, were characterized. Plants of the two genotypes, belonging to the carvacrol (CAR) and thymol (THY) chemotypes and grown in different cultivation environments, were considered for this study. The chemical profiles, including the determination of enantiomeric distribution, of the EOs, obtained by hydrodistillation from dried leaves and flowers, were investigated by GC-MS. Biological activity was evaluated as antimicrobial properties against different pathogen indicator strains, while intestinal barrier integrity, reduction in pathogen adhesion and anti-inflammatory actions were assayed in the intestinal Caco-2 cell line. The chemical profile of the CAR genotype was less complex and characterized by higher levels of the most active compound, i.e., carvacrol, when compared to the THY genotype. The enantiomeric distribution of chiral constituents did not vary across genotypes, while being markedly different from that observed in Origanum vulgare genotypes from other geographical origins. In general, all EOs showed high antimicrobial activity, both in vitro and in a food matrix challenge test. Representative EOs from the two genotypes resulted not altering epithelial monolayer sealing only for concentrations lower than 0.02%, were able to reduce the adhesion of selected pathogens, but did not exert relevant anti-inflammatory effects. These results suggest their potential use as control agents against a wide spectrum of foodborne pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Zinno
- CREA-Research Centre for Food and Nutrition, Via Ardeatina, 546, 00178 Rome, Italy
- Institute for the Animal Production System in the Mediterranean Environment, National Research Council, P.le E. Fermi 1, 80055 Portici, Italy
| | - Barbara Guantario
- CREA-Research Centre for Food and Nutrition, Via Ardeatina, 546, 00178 Rome, Italy
| | - Gabriele Lombardi
- Department of Environmental Biology, Sapienza University, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Giulia Ranaldi
- CREA-Research Centre for Food and Nutrition, Via Ardeatina, 546, 00178 Rome, Italy
| | - Alberto Finamore
- CREA-Research Centre for Food and Nutrition, Via Ardeatina, 546, 00178 Rome, Italy
| | - Sofia Allegra
- CREA-Research Centre for Food and Nutrition, Via Ardeatina, 546, 00178 Rome, Italy
| | - Michele Massimo Mammano
- CREA-Research Centre for Plant Protection and Certification, S.S. 113-Km 245.500, 90011 Bagheria, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Fascella
- CREA-Research Centre for Plant Protection and Certification, S.S. 113-Km 245.500, 90011 Bagheria, Italy
| | - Antonio Raffo
- CREA-Research Centre for Food and Nutrition, Via Ardeatina, 546, 00178 Rome, Italy
| | - Marianna Roselli
- CREA-Research Centre for Food and Nutrition, Via Ardeatina, 546, 00178 Rome, Italy
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Raffo A, Baiamonte I, De Benedetti L, Lupotto E, Marchioni I, Nardo N, Cervelli C. Exploring volatile aroma and non-volatile bioactive compounds diversity in wild populations of rosemary (Salvia rosmarinus Schleid.). Food Chem 2023; 404:134532. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.134532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Raffo A, Aguzzi A, Baiamonte I, Buonocore P, Ferrari Nicoli S, Gambelli L, Moneta E, Nardo N, Peparaio M, Ruggeri S, Sinesio F, Paoletti F. Comparison of nutritional and sensory quality of processed and unprocessed wild rocket leaves during cold storage. Eur Food Res Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s00217-022-04082-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Fazzini L, Caggiari L, Raffo A, Spissu M, Contini F, Pittau R, Montisci R. P321 CASE REPORT AND LITERATURE REVIEW: THE HAPPINESS FOR ITALY’S VICTORY AT THE EUROPEAN SOCCER CHAMPIONSHIPS COSTS AN “HAPPY HEART SYNDROME”. Eur Heart J Suppl 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/suac012.308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Patient Presentation
A 52 y/o female with history of arterial hypertension, diabetes mellitus, Bentall‘s previous intervention, presented to emergency department complaining dyspnea and oppressive chest pain which arose during celebrations for Italy‘s victory at the European soccer championship. According to increase in cardiac troponin level and ECG findings of subendocardial ischemia she was admitted to our Coronary Care Unit for acute coronary syndrome suspicious.
Management
transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) showed reduced left ventricle ejection fraction (LVEF 37%) with apical and left ventricle medium segments akinesis associated with basal segments hyperkinesis with typical apical ballooning aspect. According to these findings, Takotsubo syndrome (TTS) suspicious overtook acute coronary syndrome. Despite low probability of coronary disease, she underwent coronary angiography which was normal. Eight days later, TTE showed completely recovery with normal LVEF. At the routine blood test we found not known hyperthyroidism without detectable antibodies; thyroid ultrasound showed some cystic lesion without any nodule. Thyroid scintigraphy was normal. Antithyroid medications were started and one month later complete normalization of thyroid hormones occurred. The patient was event–free after correction of the hyperthyroidism.
Discussion
“Happy heart syndrome” (HHS) is a TTS triggered by deep happiness and positive emotions. TTS is an usual form of acute cardiomyopathy characterized by reversible left ventricle apical ballooning which occurs in the absence of significant coronary artery disease. Although the exact cause of TTC remains unknown, several pathogenetic mechanisms have been suggested. Catecholamines seem to play a central role and we know that thyroid hormones interact with sympathetic nervous system so that hyperthyroidism is associated with hypersensitivity to catecholamines. Tako–Tsubo syndrome is usually triggered by negative stressors such as fright, grief, rage, other diseases. The role of positive emotions is not well known neither described. We assume that the mechanisms are similar but triggered by different emotions. HHS seems to be caused by pleasant emotional life events such as birthday party, son’s wedding and so many others. Both positive and negative life events could trigger TTS, nevertheless negative life events trigger TTS in almost 95% of the cases, so “broken hearts” are more frequent than “happy hearts”.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Fazzini
- CLINICAL CARDIOLOGY UNIT, AOU OF CAGLIARI, DEPARTMENT OF MEDICAL SCIENCES AND PUBLIC HEALTH, UNIVERSITY OF CAGLIARI, CAGLIARI
| | - L Caggiari
- CLINICAL CARDIOLOGY UNIT, AOU OF CAGLIARI, DEPARTMENT OF MEDICAL SCIENCES AND PUBLIC HEALTH, UNIVERSITY OF CAGLIARI, CAGLIARI
| | - A Raffo
- CLINICAL CARDIOLOGY UNIT, AOU OF CAGLIARI, DEPARTMENT OF MEDICAL SCIENCES AND PUBLIC HEALTH, UNIVERSITY OF CAGLIARI, CAGLIARI
| | - M Spissu
- CLINICAL CARDIOLOGY UNIT, AOU OF CAGLIARI, DEPARTMENT OF MEDICAL SCIENCES AND PUBLIC HEALTH, UNIVERSITY OF CAGLIARI, CAGLIARI
| | - F Contini
- CLINICAL CARDIOLOGY UNIT, AOU OF CAGLIARI, DEPARTMENT OF MEDICAL SCIENCES AND PUBLIC HEALTH, UNIVERSITY OF CAGLIARI, CAGLIARI
| | - R Pittau
- CLINICAL CARDIOLOGY UNIT, AOU OF CAGLIARI, DEPARTMENT OF MEDICAL SCIENCES AND PUBLIC HEALTH, UNIVERSITY OF CAGLIARI, CAGLIARI
| | - R Montisci
- CLINICAL CARDIOLOGY UNIT, AOU OF CAGLIARI, DEPARTMENT OF MEDICAL SCIENCES AND PUBLIC HEALTH, UNIVERSITY OF CAGLIARI, CAGLIARI
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Raffo A, Paoletti F. Fresh-Cut Vegetables Processing: Environmental Sustainability and Food Safety Issues in a Comprehensive Perspective. Front Sustain Food Syst 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fsufs.2021.681459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The fresh-cut industry supplies the food market with healthy fresh fruit and vegetables and, in that way, may contribute to improve the nutritional status of the general population. On the other hand, over the last few years increasing concerns have been raised regarding the environmental impact of the fresh-cut industry, human health risks from exposure to disinfection by-products found in fresh-cut products and chlorine-based disinfection treatments during produce processing. This review provides a comprehensive view of the main interlinked aspects related to food safety and environmental impact of processing of fresh-cut vegetables. Advantages and downsides of the mainstream disinfection strategy, based on the use of chlorine-related disinfecting agents, along with some alternative treatments close to a wide commercial application, are discussed. Limitation in the application of these strategies to processing of organic fresh-cut produce are also highlighted, examining the specific environmental and food safety problems in the organic sector. Areas where lack of available information hinders at present a clear understanding of priorities of research and action are pointed out. Innovative conceptual tools are proposed to address these multiple and interlinking issues and to overcome limitations of currently available technologies. A comprehensive and multidisciplinary approach is suggested to move toward a more safe and environmentally sustainable production of fresh-cut products.
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Raffo A, Senatore M, Moneta E, Paoletti F, Peparaio M, Saggia Civitelli E. Impact of different temperature abuse scenarios on sensory quality and off‐odour formation in ready‐to‐eat salad leaves. Int J Food Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/ijfs.14858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Raffo
- CREA ‐ Research Centre for Food and Nutrition Via Ardeatina Rome546 ‐00178Italy
| | - Massimo Senatore
- Department for Innovation in Biological, Agro‐Food and Forest Systems University of Tuscia Via San Camillo de Lellis snc ‐01100 Viterbo Italy
| | - Elisabetta Moneta
- CREA ‐ Research Centre for Food and Nutrition Via Ardeatina Rome546 ‐00178Italy
| | - Flavio Paoletti
- CREA ‐ Research Centre for Food and Nutrition Via Ardeatina Rome546 ‐00178Italy
| | - Marina Peparaio
- CREA ‐ Research Centre for Food and Nutrition Via Ardeatina Rome546 ‐00178Italy
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Raffo A, Mozzanini E, Ferrari Nicoli S, Lupotto E, Cervelli C. Effect of light intensity and water availability on plant growth, essential oil production and composition in Rosmarinus officinalis L. Eur Food Res Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s00217-019-03396-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Raffo A, Carcea M, Moneta E, Narducci V, Nicoli S, Peparaio M, Sinesio F, Turfani V. Influence of different levels of sodium chloride and of a reduced-sodium salt substitute on volatiles formation and sensory quality of wheat bread. J Cereal Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcs.2017.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Raffo A, Baiamonte I, Nardo N, Nicoli S, Moneta E, Peparaio M, Sinesio F, Paoletti F. Impact of early harvesting and two cold storage technologies on eating quality of red ripe tomatoes. Eur Food Res Technol 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s00217-017-2996-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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12
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Raffo A, Masci M, Moneta E, Nicoli S, Sánchez Del Pulgar J, Paoletti F. Characterization of volatiles and identification of odor-active compounds of rocket leaves. Food Chem 2017; 240:1161-1170. [PMID: 28946238 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2017.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2017] [Revised: 07/19/2017] [Accepted: 08/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The volatile profile of crushed rocket leaves (Eruca sativa and Diplotaxis tenuifolia) was investigated by applying Headspace Solid-Phase MicroExtraction (HS-SPME), combined with GC-MS, to an aqueous extract obtained by homogenization of rocket leaves, and stabilized by addition of CaCl2. A detailed picture of volatile products of the lipoxygenase pathway (mainly C6-aldehydes) and of glucosinolate hydrolysis (mainly isothiocyanates), and their dynamics of formation after tissue disruption was given. Odor-active compounds of leaves were characterized by GC-Olfactometry (GC-O) and Aroma Extract Dilution Analysis (AEDA): volatile isolates obtained by HS-SPME from an aqueous extract and by Stir-Bar Sorptive Extraction (SBSE) from an ethanolic extract were analyzed. The most potent odor-active compounds fully or tentatively identified were (Z)- and (E)-3-hexenal, (Z)-1,5-octadien-3-one, responsible for green olfactory notes, along with 4-mercaptobutyl and 4-(methylthio)butyl isothiocyanate, associated with typical rocket and radish aroma. Relatively high odor potency was observed for 1-octen-3-one, (E)-2-octenal and 1-penten-3-one.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Raffo
- CREA - Research Centre for Food and Nutrition, Via Ardeatina, 546-00178 Rome, Italy.
| | - Maurizio Masci
- CREA - Research Centre for Food and Nutrition, Via Ardeatina, 546-00178 Rome, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Moneta
- CREA - Research Centre for Food and Nutrition, Via Ardeatina, 546-00178 Rome, Italy
| | - Stefano Nicoli
- CREA - Research Centre for Food and Nutrition, Via Ardeatina, 546-00178 Rome, Italy
| | | | - Flavio Paoletti
- CREA - Research Centre for Food and Nutrition, Via Ardeatina, 546-00178 Rome, Italy
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14
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Alexandra O, Myott M, Modesto M, Raffo A, Peñate A, Melo J, Curiel R, Crocco E, Loewenstein D. A-29Proactive Semantic Interference (PSI) Deficits, and the Inability to Recover from PSI on a Novel List-Learning Task Demonstrate Increased Sensitivity in Identifying Elderly Persons at Risk of Developing Alzheimer's Disease (AD). Arch Clin Neuropsychol 2016. [DOI: 10.1093/arclin/acw043.29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Ethridge K, Capp K, Raffo A, Curiel R, Crocco E, Melo J, Rosado M, Duara R, Greig M, Loewenstein D. A-10The Miami Test of Semantic Interference and Learning (MITSI-L), a Novel Computerized Paired-Associates Test that Demonstrates Increased Sensitivity in Detecting Subtle Cognitive Impairments in MCI. Arch Clin Neuropsychol 2016. [DOI: 10.1093/arclin/acw043.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Capp K, Ethridge K, Santos A, Ortega A, Myott M, Modesto M, Curiel R, Raffo A, Melo J, Crocco E, Wright C, Penate A, Lowenstein D. A-24Evaluating the Association of Early Alzheimer's Disease with Proactive Interference Ability and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) Scans. Arch Clin Neuropsychol 2016. [DOI: 10.1093/arclin/acw043.24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Gamez M, Penate A, Raffo A, Loewenstein D, Curiel R, Melo J, Crocco E. A-33Cued Recall Performance on the LASSI-L, a Novel List-Learning Test, Is a Better Predictor of Early Alzheimer's Disease (AD) Than Performance on Free Recall Trials. Arch Clin Neuropsychol 2016. [DOI: 10.1093/arclin/acw043.33] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Capp K, Diaz-Santos A, Raffo A, Curiel R, Crocco E, Melo J, Loewenstein D. A-23The Miami Prospective Memory Test (MPMT) in Discriminating Community-Dwelling Older Adults with Amnestic MCI from Cognitively Normal Elders. Arch Clin Neuropsychol 2016. [DOI: 10.1093/arclin/acw043.23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Baiamonte I, Raffo A, Nardo N, Moneta E, Peparaio M, D'Aloise A, Kelderer M, Casera C, Paoletti F. Effect of the use of anti-hail nets on codling moth (Cydia pomonella) and organoleptic quality of apple (cv. Braeburn) grown in Alto Adige Region (northern Italy). J Sci Food Agric 2016; 96:2025-2032. [PMID: 26085140 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.7313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2014] [Revised: 05/27/2015] [Accepted: 06/13/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The anti-hail nets are widely used to protect apple fruit against hailstorms and hail damage. They can have also beneficial effects against pests in apple orchards, in particular codling moth (Cydia pomonella). However, covering the trees with anti-hail nets can modify the orchard microclimate and reduce the interception of light, thus potentially causing negative consequences on the organoleptic quality of apple fruits. RESULTS A consistent reduction of the percentage of apple fruits infested by codling moth was registered as a result of the use of anti-hail nets during two consecutive harvest years. Their use did not affect fruit maturity, but reduced the skin colour, sugar content, pulp total phenol content, volatile compound composition and sensory characteristics. However, the results were inconsistent over the two years apart for total phenols, formation of two volatile compounds (butyl and hexenyl acetate, the first being one of the main odorants in most apple cultivars), sensory attributes of 'flavour of lemon' and 'juiciness'. For these parameters, the fruits from plots where the trees were not covered showed higher values than those from plots where anti-hail nets were used. CONCLUSIONS The use of anti-hail nets was effective in preventing the attack of codling moth to apple fruits, suggesting their use in organic management where conventional insecticides are prohibited. Under the conditions tested, anti-hail nets showed a negative effect on some of the quality characteristics measured on apple fruits, which could influence consumer acceptability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Baiamonte
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics (CRA) - Research Centre on Food and Nutrition (CRA-NUT), Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Raffo
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics (CRA) - Research Centre on Food and Nutrition (CRA-NUT), Rome, Italy
| | - Nicoletta Nardo
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics (CRA) - Research Centre on Food and Nutrition (CRA-NUT), Rome, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Moneta
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics (CRA) - Research Centre on Food and Nutrition (CRA-NUT), Rome, Italy
| | - Marina Peparaio
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics (CRA) - Research Centre on Food and Nutrition (CRA-NUT), Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio D'Aloise
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rome Sapienza, Rome, Italy
| | - Markus Kelderer
- Laimburg Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Claudio Casera
- Laimburg Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Flavio Paoletti
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics (CRA) - Research Centre on Food and Nutrition (CRA-NUT), Rome, Italy
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Raffo A, Bucci R, D’Aloise A, Pastore G. Combined effects of reduced malaxation oxygen levels and storage time on extra-virgin olive oil volatiles investigated by a novel chemometric approach. Food Chem 2015; 182:257-67. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2015.02.128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2014] [Revised: 02/04/2015] [Accepted: 02/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Raffo A, Carcea M, Castagna C, Magrì A. Improvement of a headspace solid phase microextraction-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry method for the analysis of wheat bread volatile compounds. J Chromatogr A 2015; 1406:266-78. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2015.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2015] [Revised: 06/02/2015] [Accepted: 06/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Raffo A, Baiamonte I, Bucci R, D'Aloise A, Kelderer M, Matteazzi A, Moneta E, Nardo N, Paoletti F, Peparaio M. Effects of different organic and conventional fertilisers on flavour related quality attributes of cv. Golden Delicious apples. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2014.06.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Raffo A, D’Aloise A, Magrì AL, Leclercq C. Quantitation of tr-cinnamaldehyde, safrole and myristicin in cola-flavoured soft drinks to improve the assessment of their dietary exposure. Food Chem Toxicol 2013; 59:626-35. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2013.06.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2013] [Revised: 06/27/2013] [Accepted: 06/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Paoletti F, Raffo A, Kristensen HL, Thorup-Kristensen K, Seljåsen R, Torp T, Busscher N, Ploeger A, Kahl J. Multi-method comparison of carrot quality from a conventional and three organic cropping systems with increasing levels of nutrient recycling. J Sci Food Agric 2012; 92:2855-2869. [PMID: 22865397 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.5819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2011] [Revised: 06/15/2012] [Accepted: 06/21/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is a need to advance the study of the effects of organic and conventional systems on product quality. In particular, little is known about the importance of different farming practices concerning nutrient cycling and the use of external inputs within organic farming for the quality characteristics of the products. In this study the quality characteristics of carrot grown under different farming practices (conventional and three organic cropping systems) over a two-year period were analysed with the aim of discriminating between organic and conventional and investigating the effect of different organic farming practices concerning nutrient recycling and use of external nutrient input. RESULTS All quality characteristics measured did not give a clear differentiation between the carrots from the different growing systems, even when multivariate statistical evaluation (principal component analysis) was applied, because of the significance of the differences between the field replicates within each management system and of the seasonality. Only some tendencies were emphasised over the two years that could be related to the fertilisation practices and the external inputs used. CONCLUSION The results indicated that it was not possible to discriminate over the years between carrots from conventional and different organic cropping systems even though controlled conditions and a multi-method approach of analysis were adopted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flavio Paoletti
- Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca per gli Alimenti e la Nutrizione, Rome, Italy.
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Raffo A, Nicoli S, Nardo N, Baiamonte I, D'Aloise A, Paoletti F. Impact of different distribution scenarios and recommended storage conditions on flavor related quality attributes in ripening fresh tomatoes. J Agric Food Chem 2012; 60:10445-10455. [PMID: 22998013 DOI: 10.1021/jf3028528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) fruits of three cultivars picked at different ripening stages were subjected to conditions in the laboratory simulating both short and long distribution chains as occurring in commercial practice and to recommended storage conditions. At the end of the postharvest experiments, a flavor quality profile of fruits was obtained by chemical determination of volatile compounds, sugars, and organic acids, and physical measurement of texture properties. In two of the three cultivars, the overall profile and many of the individual quality attributes was significantly affected by the distribution chain conditions, the effect being more pronounced in tomatoes marketed at full ripeness than in those marketed at an intermediate ripening stage. In these cultivars, tomatoes harvested at the Breaker stage, subjected to long chain conditions and then allowed to achieve full ripeness at room temperature, did not develop the same overall profile observed on fruits fully ripened on the vine and exposed to a simulated short chain. Fruits subjected to recommended commercial storage conditions, cold stored above the chilling range (10 or 13 °C) and at high relative humidity (95%), developed a different profile when compared to fruit exposed to the simulated long distribution chain (6 °C and 55-80% RH), suggesting that these changes in temperature and relative humidity may remarkably affect flavor formation in tomato fruits. Major drivers of profile differentiation between tomatoes subjected to different postharvest scenarios were the levels of some aroma compounds derived from aminoacids (1-nitro-2-phenylethane, 2-isobutylthiazole, phenylacetaldehyde, 2-phenylethanol, and 2- and 3-methylbutanal) and lipids ((E,E)- and (E,Z)-2,4-decadienal), and, among nonvolatile flavor compounds, of organic acids (citric and malic).
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Raffo
- National Research Institute on Food and Nutrition (INRAN), Via Ardeatina 546, 00178 Rome, Italy.
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Raffo A, D'Aloise A, Magrì AD, Leclercq C. Quantification of allyl hexanoate in pineapple beverages and yogurts as a case study to characterise a source of uncertainty in dietary exposure assessment to flavouring substances. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2011; 29:43-53. [PMID: 22043838 DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2011.623285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
One source of uncertainty in the estimation of dietary exposure to flavouring substances is the uncertainty in the occurrence and concentration levels of these substances naturally present or added to foodstuffs. The aim of this study was to assess the variability of concentration levels of allyl hexanoate, considered as a case study, in two main food categories to which it is often added: pineapple juice-based beverages and yogurts containing pineapple. Thirty-four beverages and 29 yogurts, with pineapple fruit or juice and added flavourings declared as ingredients on the package, were purchased from the local market (in Rome) and analysed. Analytical methods based on the stir bar sorptive extraction (SBSE) technique for the isolation of the target analyte, and on GC-MS analysis for final determination, were developed for the two food categories. In beverages, allyl hexanoate concentrations ranged from less than 0.01 to 16.71 mg l(-1), whereas in yogurts they ranged from 0.02 to 89.41 mg kg(-1). Average concentrations in beverages and yogurts with pineapple as the main fruit ingredient (1.91 mg l(-1) for beverages, 9.61 mg kg(-1) for yogurts) were in fair agreement with average use level data reported from industry surveys for the relevant food categories (4.5 and 6.0 mg kg(-1), respectively). Within the group of yogurts a single product was found to contain a level of allyl hexanoate more than 10-fold higher than the average reported use level. The screening techniques developed by the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) using use level data provided by industry gave estimates of exposure that were of the same order of magnitude as the estimates obtained for regular consumers who would be loyal to the pineapple yogurt and beverage products containing the highest observed concentration of the substance of interest. In this specific case the uncertainty in the results obtained with the use of standard screening techniques for exposure assessment based on industry reported use levels is low.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Raffo
- National Research Institute on Food and Nutrition (INRAN), Rome, Italy.
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Raffo A, Nicoli S, Leclercq C. Quantification of estragole in fennel herbal teas: Implications on the assessment of dietary exposure to estragole. Food Chem Toxicol 2011; 49:370-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2010.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2010] [Revised: 11/02/2010] [Accepted: 11/09/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Crispim S, Geelen A, Le Donne C, De Vries J, Sette S, Raffo A, Siebelink E, Ocke M, van’t Veer P, Leclercq C, on behalf of the European Food Cons. Dietary exposure to flavouring substances: from screening methods to detailed assessments using food consumption data collected with EPIC-Soft software. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2010; 27:433-46. [DOI: 10.1080/19440040903420614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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Raffo A, Kelderer M, Paoletti F, Zanella A. Impact of innovative controlled atmosphere storage technologies and postharvest treatments on volatile compound production in cv. Pinova apples. J Agric Food Chem 2009; 57:915-923. [PMID: 19154103 DOI: 10.1021/jf802054y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Organically grown apples cv. Pinova harvested at two different dates were stored at 1.3 degrees C for up to 4 months in air, up to 7 months in ULO (1.5 kPa of O(2) and 1.3 kPa of CO(2)) and in dynamic controlled atmosphere (DCA) conditions (0.4-0.6 kPa of O(2) and 0.6-0.8 kPa of CO(2)); the DCA storage method involved the use of a chlorophyll fluorescence monitoring system in order to detect low-O(2) stress in apples and to allow for the dynamic adaptation of storage atmosphere to O(2) levels that were lower than in ULO but still tolerated by fruits. A postharvest 1-MCP treatment (for 24 h at 1.3 degrees C) and a hot water treatment (for 180 s at 50 degrees C) were also tested on apples stored afterward in ULO and air, respectively. Volatile compounds isolated from the pulp of fruits were measured after 4 and 7 months, just upon removal from storage and after 11 days at 22 degrees C. Total amount of aroma compounds detected in apples stored in DCA was markedly higher (from 2- to 4-fold) than in fruits exposed to 1-MCP + ULO but, at most sampling times, significantly lower than in ULO fruits. Moderate differences in storage atmosphere composition between ULO and DCA significantly affected both total amount and profile of volatile esters. Analogous effects were observed on the alcohol precursors of the main esters. Exposure to 1-MCP inhibited biosynthesis of straight-chain esters more than that of branched-chain esters. The hot water treatment did not seem to produce marked changes in volatile composition after four months of air storage, except for a sharp accumulation of aldehydes during the shelf-life time. DCA storage technology, besides avoiding any chemical treatment, can preserve apple aroma compounds better than 1-MCP + ULO during long-term storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Raffo
- National Institute for Food and Nutrition Research, Rome, Italy.
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Raffo A, Sinesio F, Moneta E, Nardo N, Peparaio M, Paoletti F. Internal quality of fresh and cold stored celery petioles described by sensory profile, chemical and instrumental measurements. Eur Food Res Technol 2005. [DOI: 10.1007/s00217-005-0098-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Raffo A, Leonardi C, Fogliano V, Ambrosino P, Salucci M, Gennaro L, Bugianesi R, Giuffrida F, Quaglia G. Nutritional value of cherry tomatoes (Lycopersicon esculentum Cv. Naomi F1) harvested at different ripening stages. J Agric Food Chem 2002; 50:6550-6556. [PMID: 12381148 DOI: 10.1021/jf020315t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The average content of some classes of antioxidants is generally higher in cherry tomatoes than in normal-sized berries. The aim of this work was to assess the nutritional value of cherry tomato (cv. Naomi F1) by investigating the compositional pattern of berries harvested at different ripening stages and evaluating, in particular, all of the main antioxidants (carotenoids, ascorbic acid, phenolic compounds, and alpha-tocopherol) and the antioxidant activity of the water-soluble and water-insoluble fractions. Results confirmed the relatively high level of carotenoids in cherry tomato but showed that not all biologically active compounds necessarily increase in tomatoes picked at later stages of ripeness. Cherry tomatoes harvested at full ripeness exhibited the highest level of carotenoids and antioxidant activity in the water-insoluble fraction. On the other hand, no significant differences in ascorbic acid content were observed at different ripening stages, whereas the main phenolics content and the antioxidant activity of water-soluble fraction showed slight, but significant, decreases at later stages of ripeness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Raffo
- Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca per gli Alimenti e la Nutrizione, Via Ardeatina 546, 00178 Roma, Italy.
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Kanovsky M, Raffo A, Drew L, Rosal R, Do T, Friedman FK, Rubinstein P, Visser J, Robinson R, Brandt-Rauf PW, Michl J, Fine RL, Pincus MR. Peptides from the amino terminal mdm-2-binding domain of p53, designed from conformational analysis, are selectively cytotoxic to transformed cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2001; 98:12438-43. [PMID: 11606716 PMCID: PMC60072 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.211280698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2001] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
We have synthesized three peptides from the mdm-2 binding domain of human p53, residues 12-26 (PPLSQETFSDLWKLL), residues 12-20, and 17-26. To enable transport of the peptides across the cell membrane and at the same time to maximize the active mdm-2 binding alpha-helical conformation for these peptides, each was attached at its carboxyl terminus to the penetratin sequence, KKWKMRRNQFWVKVQRG, that contains many positively charged residues that stabilize an alpha-helix when present on its carboxyl terminal end. All three peptides were cytotoxic to human cancer cells in culture, whereas a control, unrelated peptide attached to the same penetratin sequence had no effect on these cell lines. The same three cytotoxic peptides had no effect on the growth of normal cells, including human cord blood-derived stem cells. These peptides were as effective in causing cell death in p53-null cancer cells as in those having mutant or normal p53. Peptide-induced cell death is not accompanied by expression of apoptosis-associated proteins such as Bax and waf(p21). Based on these findings, we conclude that the antiproliferative effects of these p53-derived peptides are not completely dependent on p53 activity and may prove useful as general anticancer agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Kanovsky
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Harbor Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 800 Poly Place, Brooklyn, NY 11209, USA
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Lebedeva I, Raffo A, Rando R, Ojwang J, Cossum P, Stein CA. Chemosensitization of bladder carcinoma cells by bcl-xL antisense oligonucleotides. J Urol 2001; 166:461-9. [PMID: 11458048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE We investigated antisense inhibition of anti-apoptotic bcl-xL and bcl-2 proteins to increase chemosensitization in the T24 and 5637 bladder carcinoma cell lines. MATERIALS AND METHODS A T24 bladder carcinoma cell line stably over expressing bcl-xL protein was constructed. Apoptosis by cytotoxic agents was estimated by cell cycle analysis and Annexin V binding. To eliminate bcl-xL expression T24 and 5637 cells were treated with C5-propynylated and 2'-O-methylribo-oligonucleotides. Levels of protein and messenger RNA were measured by Western and Northern blot analysis. Cell viability after combined treatment with oligonucleotides and various cytotoxic agents was measured by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay and evaluated statistically by Student's 2-sample t test. RESULTS Forced over expression of bcl-xL protein desensitized the T24 bladder carcinoma cell line to cytotoxic agents. C5-propynylated and 2'-O-methylribo-oligonucleotides down-regulated bcl-xL protein expression in the T24 and 5637 cell lines, and increased their sensitivity to cytotoxic agents. The efficiency of antisense down-regulation of bcl-xL protein expression depended on the type of delivery agent. CONCLUSIONS Antisense down-regulation of bcl-xL protein sensitizes bladder carcinoma cells to cytotoxic agents. However, it is possible that cellular chemosensitization results from a combination of effects, including nonsequence specificity, irrelevant cleavage and effects of the carriers combined with the specific antisense effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Lebedeva
- Departments of Medicine and Pharmacology, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
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Minvielle MC, Taus MR, Raffo A, Ciarmela ML, Basualdo JA. Seroprevalence of toxocariasis in blood donors of Gualeguaychú, Argentina. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 2000; 94:373-5. [PMID: 11127236 DOI: 10.1016/s0035-9203(00)90108-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- M C Minvielle
- Cátedra de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Calle 60 y 120 s/n. La Plata (1900), Argentina
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Shah S, Ogden AT, Pettker CM, Raffo A, Itescu S, Oz MC. A study of the effect of energy healing on in vitro tumor cell proliferation. J Altern Complement Med 1999; 5:359-65. [PMID: 10471016 DOI: 10.1089/acm.1999.5.359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This study examined the effect of energy healing on in vitro tumor cell growth using the cell culture model similar to that embraced by oncologists to assess the effect of chemotherapeutic agents. After selecting an energy healer based on his ability to influence this model, we assessed the effects of energy treatment compared to cells left at ambient temperature and to a control treatment consisting of a medical student mimicking the healer. A chi-square test comparing a medical student's and the practitioner's ability to inhibit tumor cell growth by 15% associates our practitioner with inhibition of tumor cell proliferation (p = 0.02). We also found that the magnitude of change was too close to the assay's intrinsic margin of error, thus making our quantitative data difficult to interpret. Although energy healing appears to influence several indices of growth in in vitro tumor cell proliferation, these assays are limited in their ability to define and prove the existence of this phenomenon. More sensitive biological assays are needed for further study in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Shah
- Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.
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Olsson CA, De Vries GM, Benson MC, Raffo A, Buttyan R, Cama C, O'Toole K, Katz AE. The use of RT-PCR for prostate-specific antigen assay to predict potential surgical failures before radical prostatectomy: molecular staging of prostate cancer. Br J Urol 1996; 77:411-7. [PMID: 8814848 DOI: 10.1046/j.1464-410x.1996.90616.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the potential role of a recently developed reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay for prostate-specific antigen (PSA), that detects circulating prostate cells in patients with prostate cancer, in the management of clinically localized cancer. PATIENTS AND METHODS A total of 138 men (mean age 62.5 years, range 49-70) scheduled for radical retropubic prostatectomy had an RT-PCR assay before surgery. The results were compared with the final pathological stage of disease, the results from local imaging techniques, serum PSA levels, digital rectal examination (DRE) and Gleason score. RESULTS Enhanced RT-PCR for PSA was the best predictor of potential surgical failures; 70% of patients with positive surgical margins or invasion into the seminal vesicle were identified pre-operatively by a positive RT-PCR assay (odds ratio = 12.0, positive predictive value = 64%, negative predictive value = 87%). RT-PCR was able to identify pre-operatively patients with adverse pathology, despite low serum PSA values (< 4.0 ng/mL). In patients with high PSA level (> 10 ng/mL), RT-PCR discriminated between potentially curable candidates and those with established extraprostatic disease. CONCLUSIONS RT-PCR for PSA adds unique prognostic information when considering patients for radical surgery. The final role for the RT-PCR assay is as yet undefined; however, the ability to detect potential surgical failures pre-operatively using a molecular approach should have a significant impact on the management of patients with prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- C A Olsson
- Department of Urology, Columbia University, New York, USA
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Sensibar JA, Sutkowski DM, Raffo A, Buttyan R, Griswold MD, Sylvester SR, Kozlowski JM, Lee C. Prevention of cell death induced by tumor necrosis factor alpha in LNCaP cells by overexpression of sulfated glycoprotein-2 (clusterin). Cancer Res 1995; 55:2431-7. [PMID: 7757997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Sulfated glycoprotein-2 (SGP-2) expression has been associated with programmed cell death in the prostate, but its exact role remains unclear. The present study was carried out in an attempt to establish the function of SGP-2 in programmed cell death using tumor necrosis factor (TNF) alpha-induced cytotoxicity in LNCaP cells as the model system. LNCaP is an androgen-sensitive, human prostatic cancer cell line that responds to TNF in culture by undergoing programmed cell death, as determined by the loss of cell number, failure to exclude trypan blue, detection of DNA fragmentation, and increased release of previously incorporated [3H]thymidine. Immunocytochemical staining for SGP-2 was weak but evident in LNCaP cells. Following treatment with TNF alpha, there was a time-dependent increase in SGP-2 staining, the intensity of which peaked at 2 h and declined thereafter. SGP-2 staining in LNCaP cells was undetectable prior to the onset of DNA fragmentation at 6 h of TNF treatment. This observation indicated that TNF-induced cell death in LNCaP cells was characterized by an initial transient elevation of SGP-2, followed by a period of SGP-2 depletion that preceded cell death. Transfection of LNCaP with a 21-base oligonucleotide antisense to SGP-2 resulted in a significant increase in cell death that was sequence specific and was accompanied by a reduction in SGP-2 biosynthesis. These findings supported the concept that SGP-2 depletion, rather than its expression, was associated with cell death. Finally, stable transfection and subsequent overexpression of SGP-2 in LNCaP cells resulted in resistance to the cytotoxic effect of TNF. These results have provided evidence to indicate that SGP-2 plays a role in the protection of TNF-induced cell death in LNCaP cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Sensibar
- Department of Urology, Northwestern University Medical School, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA
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Abstract
Previously, increased expression of mRNA encoding the p53 tumor suppressor protein was described during castration-induced regression of the rat ventral prostate gland with Northern blot techniques. This activity was confirmed with a ribonuclease protection assay that demonstrated a 16-fold induction of p53 transcripts in ventral prostate RNA within 72 hrs after castration. The induced expression of p53 mRNA correlated with increased detection of p53 protein in nuclei of regressing prostate epithelial cells. Immunohistochemical staining with anti-p53 antibody was strongly reactive for epithelial nuclei in castrated glands but unreactive for nuclei of control adult glands. In contrast to the upregulation of p53 in regressing prostate glands with a large proportion of apoptotic cells, expression of p53 mRNA was decreased in rat prostate glands that were stimulated to regrow by testosterone replacement.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Zhang
- Department of Urology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032
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Haupt E, Rolandelli ML, Bardellini G, Raffo A, Mencoboni M. [Factor VIII inhibitors in non-hemophiliac patients. A report of cases and therapeutic prospects]. Clin Ter 1991; 138:213-7. [PMID: 1836169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Approximately 5-20% of patients with hemophilia A acquire antifactor VIII antibodies during transfusion therapy. These autoantibodies cause serious bleeding and are rarely found in non hemophiliac patients (only a few hundred case reports in the literature). Treatment of this autoimmune condition is quite difficult: corticosteroids, immunosuppressive agents, plasmapheresis and transfusions may be useful. We describe two patients we observed and add some general reflections on therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Haupt
- Divisione di Medicina di Sestri Levante, USL 18, Regione Liguria
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Benya PD, Jaffe S, Raffo A. The capacity of chondrocytes to respond to serum is enhanced by organ culture in the absence of serum, stimulated by serum, and modified by ascorbate. Arch Biochem Biophys 1984; 232:323-36. [PMID: 6742856 DOI: 10.1016/0003-9861(84)90548-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Cartilage slices maintained in organ culture have been shown to develop an enhanced capacity to respond to serum. The response was measured at the initiation of culture and after 3 and 7 days of culture in medium containing an inhibitor of DNA synthesis and 0, 1, or 16% serum. At these times, cartilage slices were washed to remove serum and inhibitor, and then exposed to various concentrations of serum for evaluation of DNA and proteoglycan synthesis. The range of the derived dose-response curves and the indicated sensitivity to low serum concentrations were the parameters used to evaluate the response capacity. Response capacity increased gradually, reaching a maximum after 8 days of culture. Considerable enhancement was obtained after maintenance in the absence of serum using both DNA and proteoglycan synthesis as markers. Additional, graded enhancement of response capacity was obtained when the cartilage slices were maintained in 1 or 16% serum. The effects of maintenance in serum were much greater when DNA synthesis rather than proteoglycan synthesis was used to measure the response. However, this serum-dependent enhancement was only prominent when ascorbate was present during the dose-response assay. Ascorbate caused a similar but less-marked increase in sensitivity to serum when proteoglycan synthesis was measured. The possibility that ascorbate may function as a cofactor during the progression phase of cell proliferation is discussed.
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Kirchberger MA, Raffo A. Decrease in calcium transport associated with phosphoprotein phosphatase-catalyzed dephosphorylation of cardiac sarcoplasmic reticulum. J Cyclic Nucleotide Res 1977; 3:45-53. [PMID: 191477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Phosphoprotein phosphatase activity is found in preparations of sarcoplasmic reticulum isolated from canine heart when assayed with either phosphate or phosphorylated sarcoplasmic reticulum as substrate. Phosphoprotein phosphatase-catalyzed dephosphorylation of the 22,000 dalton phosphoprotein of cardiac sarcoplasmic reticulum is stimulated markedly by MnCl2 (5 mM) and to a lesser extent by MgCl2 (5 mM); inorganic phosphate (50 mM) and NaF (25 mM) are inhibitory. Dephosphorylation of this 22,000 dalton phosphoprotein is correlated with a decreased initial rate of calcium transport. The close structural and functional relationship of phosphoprotein phosphatase to the cardiac sarcoplasmic reticulum suggests a possible role of this enzyme in reversing the relaxation-promoting effects of catecholamines on the intact heart.
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Kirchberger MA, Raffo A. Phosphoprotein phosphatase-catalyzed dephosphorylation of the 22,000-dalton phosphoprotein of cardiac sarcoplasmic reticulum. Recent Adv Stud Cardiac Struct Metab 1976; 11:285-91. [PMID: 201987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Similar time courses were obtained for decreases in the rate of calcium transport by cardiac sarcoplasmic reticulum vesicles previously phosphorylated by cAMP-dependent protein kinase and dephosphorylation of the 22,000-dalton phosphoprotein in these membranes. Dephosphorylation of the 22,000-dalton phosphoprotein can be attributed to a phosphoprotein phosphatase in the sarcoplasmic reticular membranes. This membrane-bound phosphoprotein phosphatase may play a role in the reversal of the relaxation-promoting effect of catecholamines on the heart.
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Raffo A. [Physiopathologic considerations on the inhabitants of high altitudes in relation to general anesthesia]. Rev Bras Anestesiol 1968; 18:141-52. [PMID: 5669749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
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