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Chaudhary S, Weigt SS, Ribeiro Neto ML, Benn BS, Pugashetti JV, Keith R, Chand A, Oh S, Kheir F, Ramalingam V, Solomon JJ, Harper R, Lasky JA, Oldham JM. Interstitial lung disease progression after genomic usual interstitial pneumonia testing. Eur Respir J 2023; 61:2201245. [PMID: 36549706 PMCID: PMC10288658 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.01245-2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A genomic classifier for usual interstitial pneumonia (gUIP) has been shown to predict histological UIP with high specificity, increasing diagnostic confidence for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). Whether those with positive gUIP classification exhibit a progressive, IPF-like phenotype remains unknown. METHODS A pooled, retrospective analysis of patients who underwent clinically indicated diagnostic bronchoscopy with gUIP testing at seven academic medical centres across the USA was performed. We assessed the association between gUIP classification and 18-month progression-free survival (PFS) using Cox proportional hazards regression. PFS was defined as the time from gUIP testing to death from any cause, lung transplant, ≥10% relative decline in forced vital capacity (FVC) or censoring at the time of last available FVC measure. Longitudinal change in FVC was then compared between gUIP classification groups using a joint regression model. RESULTS Of 238 consecutive patients who underwent gUIP testing, 192 had available follow-up data and were included in the analysis, including 104 with positive gUIP classification and 88 with negative classification. In multivariable analysis, positive gUIP classification was associated with reduced PFS (hazard ratio 1.58, 95% CI 0.86-2.92; p=0.14), but this did not reach statistical significance. Mean annual change in FVC was -101.8 mL (95% CI -142.7- -60.9 mL; p<0.001) for those with positive gUIP classification and -73.2 mL (95% CI -115.2- -31.1 mL; p<0.001) for those with negative classification (difference 28.7 mL, 95% CI -83.2-25.9 mL; p=0.30). CONCLUSIONS gUIP classification was not associated with differential rates of PFS or longitudinal FVC decline in a multicentre interstitial lung disease cohort undergoing bronchoscopy as part of the diagnostic evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachin Chaudhary
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - S Sam Weigt
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Bryan S Benn
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Janelle Vu Pugashetti
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of California at Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Rebecca Keith
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Arista Chand
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Scott Oh
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Fayez Kheir
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Vijaya Ramalingam
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
- Northeast Georgia Physicians Group
| | - Joshua J Solomon
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Richart Harper
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of California at Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Joseph A Lasky
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Justin M Oldham
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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Yap T, Gainor J, McKean M, Bockorny B, Barve M, Sweis R, Vaishampayan U, Tarhini A, Kilari D, Chand A, Abdul-Karim R, Park D, Babu S, Ju Y, Dewall S, Liu L, Kennedy A, Marantz J, Gan L. 1O Safety, pharmacokinetics, efficacy, and biomarker results of SRK-181 (a latent TGFβ1 inhibitor) from a phase I trial (DRAGON trial). ESMO Open 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.esmoop.2023.100967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
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Abstract
Aims: This study was done to determine the relationship between maternal haemoglobin and fetal weight. Methods: This study was carried out at Paropakar Maternity and Women’s Hospital in 491 primigravidas with full term singleton pregnancy. The study population was divided into two groups, one who had haemoglobin 10 gm% or more and the other women having haemoglobin less than 10 gm%. Fetal weight as the outcome variable was compared between anaemic and nonanaemic mothers and the relation between maternal haemoglobin and fetal weight was studied. Results: The prevalence of anaemia was 46.2% out of which 99.5% had mild anaemia and 0.5% had moderate anaemia. Mean haemoglobin level was 11.54 gm% among non anaemic women and mean birth weight was 2.9 kg in this group whereas mean haemoglobin level was 9.2 gm% in anaemic women and mean birth weight was 2.6 kg in this group and 60% babies had low birth weight (<2.5 kg) born to anaemic women (haemoglobin <10 gm%), and 40% babies had fetal weight >2.5 kg. Similarly babies born to nonanaemic women (haemoglobin >10 gm%) 18.1% had LBW and 81.9% had fetal weight >2.5 kg. The risk of low birth weight was 6.8 times higher among anaemic mothers as compared to non- anaemic mothers which was statistically significant with p-value of 0.0001 (OR 6.80 95% CI, 3.83-12.12). Conclusions: Anemia in pregnancy is one of the causes for poor fetal outcome. Proper antenatal care and counseling can reduce the incidence of anaemia in pregnancy. Nepal Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology / Vol 8 / No. 1 / Issue 15 / Jan- June, 2013 / 37-40 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njog.v8i1.8860
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Fouda G, Amos J, Wilks AB, Chand A, Montefiori D, Haynes B, Letvin N, Pickup D, Liao H, Permar SR. Vaccine-elicited systemic and mucosal humoral responses of lactating rhesus monkeys vaccinated with the transmitted/founder HIV Envelope 1086C. Retrovirology 2012. [PMCID: PMC3441344 DOI: 10.1186/1742-4690-9-s2-o20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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5
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McQueen F, Clarke A, McHaffie A, Reeves Q, Williams M, Robinson E, Dong J, Chand A, Mulders D, Dalbeth N. Assessment of cartilage loss at the wrist in rheumatoid arthritis using a new MRI scoring system. Ann Rheum Dis 2010; 69:1971-5. [PMID: 20472589 DOI: 10.1136/ard.2009.127324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To develop and test an MRI cartilage scoring system for use at the wrist in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). METHODS MRI scans were obtained using a 3T MRI scanner with dedicated wrist coil in 22 early and 16 established RA patients plus 22 controls. Axial and coronal T1-weighted (precontrast and postcontrast) and T2-weighted turbo spin echo sequences were obtained. Eight wrist joints were scored for cartilage narrowing: distal radioulnar, radiolunate, radioscaphoid, triquetrum-hamate, capitate-lunate, scaphotrapezoid, second metacarpal base-trapezoid and third metacarpal base-capitate, using a system based on the Sharp van der Heijde x-ray joint space narrowing (JSN) score by three radiologists. Fifteen sites at the wrist were also scored for synovitis, bone oedema and erosion using the RA MRI score. RESULTS Interobserver (three-reader) and intraobserver reliability (readers 1 and 2) for the cartilage score were excellent: intraclass correlations (ICC (95% CI)) 0.91, (0.86 to 0.94), 0.98 (0.96 to 1.00) and 0.94 (0.87 to 1.00), respectively. Cartilage scores (median, range) were higher in the established RA group (11.9, 2.3-27.3) than the early RA group (2.15, 0-6) (p≤0.001) but early RA scores did not differ from healthy controls (2.3, 1-8.7). Cartilage scores correlated with synovitis (R=0.52), bone oedema (R=0.63) and erosion scores (R=0.66), p<0.001 for all, and with x-ray JSN scores (R=0.68 to 0.78). CONCLUSION This MRI cartilage score demonstrated excellent reliability when tested in a three-reader system. However, cartilage loss in early RA could not be distinguished from that seen in healthy controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiona McQueen
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, University of Auckland, New Zealand.
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6
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Bello A, Tran K, Chand A, Doria M, Allocca M, Hildinger M, Beniac D, Kranendonk C, Auricchio A, Kobinger GP. Isolation and evaluation of novel adeno-associated virus sequences from porcine tissues. Gene Ther 2009; 16:1320-8. [PMID: 19626054 DOI: 10.1038/gt.2009.82] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
High antigenic compatibility and low toxicity is associated with xenograft transplantation of porcine tissues in immunodeficient human recipients. We hypothesized that adeno-associated viruses (AAVs) of porcine origin could be highly compatible to human tissues and thus of good efficiency and low toxicity for in vivo gene transfer. Porcine tissues were screened by PCR for the presence of AAV using primers designed to bind conserved regions and amplify variable regions of an alignment of several AAV sequences available on GenBank. We isolated new AAV capsid sequences from porcine tissues and successfully generated a recombinant AAV2/po1 vector by transfection. The AAV2/po1 vector was not cross-neutralized by antisera generated against all other commonly used AAVs (serotype 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7 and 8) indicating a distinct antigenic profile. Preexisting immunity to AAVpo1 could not be detected in the human sera evaluated. In mice, AAV2/po1 particles expressing beta-galactosidase or green fluorescent protein demonstrated high transduction efficiency in muscle fibers and the retina after intramuscular or intraocular administration. Biodistribution experiments following systemic administration showed efficient gene transfer exclusively in muscle fibers. Novel AAVs derived from porcine tissues may contribute to the generation of new preventive or curative clinical modalities acceptable for human use.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Bello
- Special Pathogens Program, Public Health Agency of Canada, National Microbiology Laboratory, Manitoba, Canada
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7
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Fee CJ, Chand A. Design Considerations for the Batch Capture of Proteins from Raw Whole Milk by Ion Exchange Chromatography. Chem Eng Technol 2005. [DOI: 10.1002/ceat.200500124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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8
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Abstract
BACKGROUND A technique for implanting the vagal nerve stimulator system through a single incision is described. METHOD A transverse incision is made in the lower part of the neck. Subcutaneous (s.c.) dissection is then done over the clavicle into the infraclavicular area to create a pocket. The vagus nerve is exposed and the electrodes are wrapped around it through the neck incision. The distal ends of the lead are connected to the pulse generator, and latter is then placed in the infraclavicular pocket through the neck incision. RESULTS Thirty-eight implants were conducted with this technique. The pulse generator could be implanted and anchored to the underlying tissue without any difficulty. Except for wound infections in two patients there was no other complication. CONCLUSION A single incision is an alternate to the double incision procedure. This procedure can be performed safely.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Patil
- Section of Neurosurgery, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198-2035, USA
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9
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Viani MB, Pietrasanta LI, Thompson JB, Chand A, Gebeshuber IC, Kindt JH, Richter M, Hansma HG, Hansma PK. Probing protein-protein interactions in real time. Nat Struct Biol 2000; 7:644-7. [PMID: 10932247 DOI: 10.1038/77936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 174] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
We have used a prototype small cantilever atomic force microscope to observe, in real time, the interactions between individual protein molecules. In particular, we have observed individual molecules of the chaperonin protein GroES binding to and then dissociating from individual GroEL proteins, which were immobilized on a mica support. This work suggests that the small cantilever atomic force microscope is a useful tool for studying protein dynamics at the single molecule level.
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Affiliation(s)
- M B Viani
- Department of Physics, University of California at Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA.
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10
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Abstract
We have introduced a 6.5 Mb human mini-chromosome with a complex centromere structure into DT40 cells and have used sequence targeting and telomere-directed chromosome breakage to dissect the sequence requirements for centromere function. These experiments proved that a vertebrate centromere with two blocks of functional alphoid DNA separated by 2.5 Mb can exist as a stable structure in some but not all vertebrate cells. Further experiments indicated that recovery of chromosomes with less than approximately 100 kb of alphoid DNA is very inefficient, suggesting that a functional centromere requires a minimum of approximately 100 kb of alphoid DNA. Mini-chromosomes with minimal centromeres segregate accurately in some but not all vertebrate cells and should be useful for the detection of sequence-specific factors required for vertebrate centromere maintenance.
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Affiliation(s)
- J W Yang
- Biochemistry Department, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QU, UK
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11
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Sterk LM, de Melker AA, Kramer D, Kuikman I, Chand A, Claessen N, Weening JJ, Sonnenberg A. Glomerular extracellular matrix components and integrins. Cell Adhes Commun 1998; 5:177-92. [PMID: 9686316 DOI: 10.3109/15419069809040290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
It has become apparent that extracellular matrix components and their cellular receptors, the integrins, are important regulators of glomerular development and function. In this rapidly evolving field we studied the production of extracellular matrix components and integrins by rat glomerular visceral epithelial and mesangial cells, using molecular probes and antibodies that have recently become available. Special attention was paid to laminin isoforms and to splice variants of the integrin subunits alpha 3 and alpha 6. Results were compared to the in vivo expression in human fetal, newborn and adult kidneys. The mesangial cells were found to produce laminin-1, nidogen and two as yet unidentified laminin isoforms with putative alpha chains of about 395 (alpha x) and of 375 kDa (alpha y), tentatively described before as bovine kidney laminin. Furthermore, they expressed the integrins alpha 1 beta 1, alpha 2 beta 1, alpha 3A beta 1, alpha 5 beta 1, alpha v beta 3, alpha v beta 5, and small amounts of alpha 6A beta 1 and alpha 6B beta 1. The glomerular visceral epithelial cells produced the two new laminin isoforms mentioned above, laminin-5, but no laminin-1 or nidogen. The integrins alpha 2 beta 1, alpha 3A beta 1, alpha 6A beta 4, alpha 6B beta 4 and the integrin subunit alpha v were found to be expressed. We show that during nephrogenesis, the laminin alpha 1 chain disappears and is replaced by another alpha chain, possibly one of the two as yet unidentified alpha chains mentioned above. The laminin beta 1 chain is replaced by the beta 2 chain somewhat later in glomerular development. In general, the integrins found to be expressed in glomeruli of adult kidney were consistent with those found in cultured glomerular visceral epithelial and mesangial cells. No splice variant switch of the integrin alpha 3 or alpha 6 subunits could be demonstrated during nephrogenesis. Our results suggest an important role for the mesangial cell in providing nidogen as a crucial component of the supramolecular structure of the glomerular basement membrane. Furthermore our results indicate that laminin alpha x beta 2 gamma 1 and alpha y beta 2 gamma 1 isoforms are important in the glomerulus of adult kidney and that the integrin alpha 3A beta 1 is the main integrin receptor for laminin isoforms on glomerular visceral epithelial and mesangial cells, both in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- L M Sterk
- Division of Cell Biology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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12
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Brown W, Heller R, Loupart ML, Shen MH, Chand A. Mammalian artificial chromosomes. Curr Opin Genet Dev 1996; 6:281-8. [PMID: 8793302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The development of candidate vectors and of techniques for their manipulation by sequence targeting suggest that a mini-chromosome vector system for the mouse germline may be at hand. Mini-chromosome vectors should allow new sorts of genetic problems to be addressed experimentally and may accelerate the process of gene identification.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Brown
- CRC Chromosome Molecular Biology Group, Biochemistry Department, Oxford University, UK.
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13
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Abstract
Analysis of four YACs at the OATL1 locus was undertaken to determine the organization of locally repeated sequences within the OATL1 cluster. A restriction map of ICRFy900C0874, a 600-kb YAC, was constructed using a range of rare-cutting enzymes. Several markers were isolated from the OATL1 cluster, and the YAC map was used for their localization. Markers are shown to be reiterated within the OATL1 cluster, and fine-scale mapping has identified the accurate map position and organization of these repeated sequences within a 275-kb interval. The SSX1 gene involved in synovial sarcoma tumorigenesis and localized at the OATL1 cluster is also shown to be present in a minimum of five copies, all of which map to the aforementioned region. Several markers generated in this study have homologous counterparts at OATL2; they have been utilized to delimit the duplicated region at the OATL clusters. Although instability of one of the OATL1 YACs, ICRFy900F0501, has precluded a precise sizing of this interval, it has been possible to place an upper limit of 520 kb on this region of duplication.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Chand
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics Laboratory, Oxford, United Kingdom
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14
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Fisher SE, Hatchwell E, Chand A, Ockenden N, Monaco AP, Craig IW. Construction of two YAC contigs in human Xp11.23-p11.22, one encompassing the loci OATL1, GATA, TFE3, and SYP, the other linking DXS255 to DXS146. Genomics 1995; 29:496-502. [PMID: 8666400 DOI: 10.1006/geno.1995.9976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
We have constructed two YAC contigs in the Xp11.23-p11.22 interval of the human X chromosome, a region that was previously poorly characterized. One contig, of at least 1.4 Mb, links the pseudogene OATL1 to the genes GATA1, TFE3, and SYP and also contains loci implicated in Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome and synovial sarcoma. A second contig, mapping proximal to the first, is estimated to be over 2.1 Mb and links the hypervariable locus DXS255 to DXS146, and also contains a chloride channel gene that is responsible for hereditary nephrolithiasis. We have used plasmid rescue, inverse PCR, and Alu-PCR to generate 20 novel markers from this region, 1 of which is polymorphic, and have positioned these relative to one another on the basis of YAC analysis. The order of previously known markers within our contigs, Xpter-OATL1-GATA-TFE3-SYP-DXS255146- Xcen, agrees with genomic pulsed-field maps of the region. In addition, we have constructed a rare-cutter restriction map for a 710-kb region of the DXS255-DXS146 contig and have identified three CPG islands. These contigs and new markers will provide a useful resource for more detailed analysis of Xp11.23-p11.22, a region implicated in several genetic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- S E Fisher
- Biochemistry Department, University of Oxford, United Kingdom
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15
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Crew AJ, Clark J, Fisher C, Gill S, Grimer R, Chand A, Shipley J, Gusterson BA, Cooper CS. Fusion of SYT to two genes, SSX1 and SSX2, encoding proteins with homology to the Kruppel-associated box in human synovial sarcoma. EMBO J 1995; 14:2333-40. [PMID: 7539744 PMCID: PMC398342 DOI: 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1995.tb07228.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 350] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
We demonstrate that the cytogenetically defined translocation t(X;18)(p11.2;q11.2) found in human synovial sarcoma results in the fusion of the chromosome 18 SYT gene to either of two distinct genes, SSX1 or SSX2, at Xp11.2. The SSX1 and SSX2 genes encode closely related proteins (81% identity) of 188 amino acids that are rich in charged amino acids. The N-terminal portion of each SSX protein exhibits homology to the Kruppel-associated box (KRAB), a transcriptional repressor domain previously found only in Kruppel-type zinc finger proteins. PCR analysis demonstrates the presence of SYT-SSX1 or SYT-SSX2 fusion transcripts in 29 of 32 of the synovial sarcomas examined, indicating that the detection of these hybrid transcripts by PCR may represent a very useful diagnostic method. Sequence analysis has demonstrated heterogeneity in the fusion transcripts with the formation of two distinct SYT-SSX1 fusion junctions and two distinct SYT-SSX2 fusion junctions.
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MESH Headings
- Adolescent
- Adult
- Aged
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Base Sequence
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 18/genetics
- DNA, Complementary/genetics
- DNA-Binding Proteins/genetics
- Female
- Gene Library
- Humans
- Kruppel-Like Transcription Factors
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Neoplasm Proteins
- Oncogenes/genetics
- Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Proteins/genetics
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins
- RNA/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- Repressor Proteins/genetics
- Sarcoma, Synovial/etiology
- Sarcoma, Synovial/genetics
- Sequence Analysis, DNA
- Sequence Homology, Amino Acid
- Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid
- Transcription Factors/genetics
- Translocation, Genetic/genetics
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
- X Chromosome/genetics
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Affiliation(s)
- A J Crew
- Section of Molecular Carcinogenesis, Haddow Laboratories, Belmont, Sutton, Surrey
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16
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Abstract
Stereotactic transnasal and transoral procedures have been reported by different authors in the past. In this paper, several modifications of these methods are described. The modifications are: transnasal approach to the frontal skull base and suprasellar regions; and transoral approaches to the clivus, the petroclival junction, medial part of the cerebellopontine angle and the lateral mass of C-1. Eleven patients were operated on using these modifications. The procedures were for biopsy and brachytherapy. No complications resulted from the procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A Patil
- Division of Neurosurgery, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, USA
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Prigent P, Poncet P, Aten J, Blanpied C, Chand A, Février M, Druet P, Hirsch F. Mercuric chloride-induced programmed cell death of a murine T cell hybridoma. II. Opposite effect of interleukin-2 and interleukin-4. Cell Immunol 1995; 161:107-11. [PMID: 7867075 DOI: 10.1006/cimm.1995.1014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
In susceptible animals evidence is accumulating for a primary role for Th2 cells in the course of HgCl2-induced autoimmunity, and for a contribution of Th1 cells in the self-regulated phase of this disease. We have reported that incubation of 2B4.11 T cell hybridoma with HgCl2 induced programmed cell death. This paper shows that recombinant IL-2 significantly diminished HgCl2-induced 2B4.11 cell death. Although no effect was observed upon incubation with exogenous IL-4, we observed a significant protection by adding an anti-IL-4 monoclonal antibody to the culture. Accordingly, by RT-PCR we found the presence of IL-2 receptor-encoding mRNA, and by cytofluorometry, the expression of the protein was detected only after exposure to HgCl2. Moreover, upon HgCl2 treatment, 2B4.11 cells were induced to produce IL-4. Altogether these findings showed that cytokine environment, IL-2, IL-4 otherwise defining the Th1/Th2 dichotomy, in conjunction with a chemical may differentially influence the fate of cell populations, death or survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Prigent
- INSERM U28, Hôpital Broussais, Paris, France
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18
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Coers W, Brouwer E, Vos JT, Chand A, Huitema S, Heeringa P, Kallenberg CG, Weening JJ. Podocyte expression of MHC class I and II and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) in experimental pauci-immune crescentic glomerulonephritis. Clin Exp Immunol 1994; 98:279-86. [PMID: 7955534 PMCID: PMC1534396 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2249.1994.tb06138.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
We examined immunopathological changes of podocytes in vivo which, based on in vitro studies, are thought to be relevant for the pathogenesis of renal diseases. We investigated the alterations of podocytes in local inflammation in a recently developed model of pauci-immune necrotizing crescentic glomerulonephritis (NCGN) in the rat. Frozen and plastic embedded kidney sections at different time points of the disease were incubated with antibodies directed to MHC class I, MHC class II, ICAM-1 and to relevant cytokines. Strong glomerular expression of MHC class I, II and ICAM-1 was found within 4 days, and plastic embedded sections clearly demonstrated increased cell membrane staining of podocytes. Increased glomerular interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) was detected within 24 h of induction of NCGN, and IL-1 beta and tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) were found from day 4. The potency of these cytokines to induce adhesion molecules on podocytes was investigated on rat glomerular epithelial cells in vitro. By using FACS analysis and electron microscopical techniques, we found that the in vivo expression of MHC class I, II and ICAM-1 by podocytes could in vitro be simulated by IFN-gamma. IFN-alpha weakly induced MHC class I, while IL-1 beta and TNF-alpha were ineffective. We hypothesize that podocytes in this in vivo model are important to maintain the local inflammatory process in the glomerulus by expression of relevant adhesion molecules and MHC molecules upon stimulation with specific cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Coers
- Department of Pathology, University of Groningen, The Netherlands
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19
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Rambukkana A, Das PK, Chand A, Baas JG, Groothuis DG, Kolk AH. Subcellular distribution of monoclonal antibody defined epitopes on immunodominant Mycobacterium tuberculosis proteins in the 30-kDa region: identification and localization of 29/33-kDa doublet proteins on mycobacterial cell wall. Scand J Immunol 1991; 33:763-75. [PMID: 1904624 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3083.1991.tb02551.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Two different groups of monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) directed to different epitopes on 30-kDa region proteins of Mycobacterium tuberculosis were isolated; MAbs 5F9, 5D5 and 5D2 reacted with a single 33-kDa protein band, whereas MAb 3A8 reacted with a distinct 29/33-kDa doublet when analysed by immunoblotting. The present paper describes the distribution of MAbs defined epitopes in the 29-33-kDa region proteins in well-characterized subcellular fractions: cytosol, plasma membrane, cell wall as well as culture filtrate of M. tuberculosis. MAbs 5F9, 5D5 and 5D2 reactive epitopes were found in cytosol, whereas 3A8 epitope is distributed in all cellular compartments of the mycobacterium as well as in the culture filtrate. Localization of these epitopes by indirect immunofluorescence and immunogold-labelling demonstrated that only 3A8 epitope is present on the cell surface of the mycobacterium. Both immunoblotting and ELISA showed that only MAb 3A8, and not 5F9, 5D5 and 5D2, reacted with secreted BCG 85 antigen complex of Mycobacterium bovis BCG. Furthermore, using an MAb 3A8-coupled affinity column, we purified antigen 3A8 from the cytosol fraction of M. tuberculosis. All these MAbs reacted with antigen 3A8 with varying degrees of intensity, thus suggesting that they are directed to a single protein. Absence of 5F9, 5D5 and 5D2 epitopes in the cell wall, culture filtrate and to a single protein. Absence of 5F9, 5D5 and 5D2 epitopes in the cell wall, culture filtrate and BCG-85 complex suggests that these epitopes might have been lost during the processing of the same 33-kDa protein on its way out from cytosol to the cell wall or when the protein is secreted out into the culture filtrate. Our results demonstrate, for the first time, direct evidence of the presence of a 30-kDa region protein not only in secreted antigens but also in the cell wall and on the cell surface of the mycobacterium.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Rambukkana
- Department of Dermatology and Pathology, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Chand A, Olsson JE, Adams L, Denton MJ. Exclusion of the autosomal dominant retinitis pigmentosa gene from a substantial region of chromosome 1: study of a large Australian family. Aust N Z J Ophthalmol 1990; 18:163-9. [PMID: 1975184 DOI: 10.1111/j.1442-9071.1990.tb00609.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
In an attempt to map the gene(s) responsible for autosomal dominant retinitis pigmentosa (ADRP), the technique of reverse genetics was used on a large multigenerational Australian pedigree. The family demonstrated a form of the disease which appears to be less severe than that observed in the Irish pedigree. It was typed for 10 restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) markers on chromosome 1. The data from the linkage study was analysed using the programs LIPED 3; six markers gave informative results. The ADRP gene was excluded from this family from 102 cM using previously prepared chromosome 1 maps. This accounts for 36% of chromosome 1 which is estimated to be the longest human chromosome.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Chand
- Department of Pathology, Prince of Wales Hospital, Randwick, NSW, Australia
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Olsson JE, Samanns C, Jimenez J, Pongratz J, Chand A, Watty A, Seuchter SA, Denton M, Gal A. Gene of type II autosomal dominant retinitis pigmentosa maps on the long arm of chromosome 3. Am J Med Genet 1990; 35:595-9. [PMID: 2333895 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.1320350434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Linkage analysis has been performed on a large Australian family segregating for the autosomal dominant form of retinitis pigmentosa (ADRP). The majority of patients had no subjective symptoms of night blindness until their second decade and good visual acuity until late in life. The disease in this family has been classified as Type II ADRP according to the subdivisions provided by both Massof and Finkelstein and Fishman and colleagues. Linkage (Omax:0.08 at Zmax:4.78) is here demonstrated between the disease locus and D3S47 (a marker locus on the long arm of chromosome 3), which showed in an earlier study very close linkage without recombination to the disease locus in an Irish pedigree with a clinically more severe and early onset (Type I) ADRP.
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Affiliation(s)
- J E Olsson
- Department of Pathology, Prince of Wales Hospital, Randwick, Sydney NSW, Australia
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Abstract
The enthalpy of the
reaction
������������������������ H2O(l)+D2O()
→ 2HDO(l)
at 298 K is calculated from
the statistical-mechanical enthalpy of the corresponding gas-phase reaction and
recent vapour-pressure isotope effect results. Enthalpies of the same reaction
obtained from calorimetric results by assuming that the H2O + HDO +
D2O liquid mixture is an ideal solution agree, to within the
estimated uncertainities, with the calculated value. It is concluded that any
'physical' contributions are less than 20% of the measured enthalpy changes.
Molar excess enthalpies of D2O(l)+H2O(l) at 298.15 K are
reported and compared with earlier studies. Enthalpies of reaction obtained
from our excess enthalpies show a systematic variation with mole fraction.
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Fenby DV, Chand A, Inglese A, Grolier JE, Kehiaian HV. Liquid mixtures involving complex formation : Extensions of the ideal associated solution theory. Aust J Chem 1977. [DOI: 10.1071/ch9771401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Extensions of the ideal
associated solution theory which take into account intermolecular interaction
and/or size factors are derived and applied to triethylamine+ CHCl3
and diethyl ether+CHCl3. Evidence is presented for
non-hydrogen-bonding specific interactions between the unlike molecules in
these systems. Theories that do not take this into consideration are likely to
be unsatisfactory for the determination of hydrogen-bond properties. With
respect to the evaluation of ?net complex formation? properties, the extensions
considered do not represent significant improvements of the simple theory. The
molar enthalpies of mixing of triethylamine+CH3CCl, and diethyl
ether+ CH3CCl3 have been measured at 288.15 and 298.15 K.
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Chand A. Drugs in coronary artery diseases. J Indian Med Assoc 1969; 53:356-62. [PMID: 5368376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Chand A. Undergraduate medical education in a changing society. J Indian Med Assoc 1969; 53:36-43. [PMID: 5343449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Chand A. Research in general practice and its contribution to the advancement of medical knowledge. Indian J Med Res 1969; 57:603-16. [PMID: 5805367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
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Chand A. The general practitioner and the consultant. J Indian Med Assoc 1968; 51:511-4. [PMID: 5715238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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Chand A. Peptic ulcer. J Indian Med Assoc 1968; 50:515-21. [PMID: 5704873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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Chand A. Abortion for family planning. J Indian Med Assoc 1968; 50:383-4. [PMID: 5665614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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Chand A. Contraception: shape of things to come. J Indian Med Assoc 1967; 49:17-8. [PMID: 4864505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Chand A. Cardiovascular disease--its prevention. J Indian Med Assoc 1967; 48:183-8. [PMID: 6040130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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Chand A. Then and now. From auto-intoxication to auto-immunisation. J Indian Med Assoc 1966; 47:511-8. [PMID: 5342184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Chand A. Postgraduate medical education. J Indian Med Assoc 1966; 46:265-6. [PMID: 5906172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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Chand A. Current topic. Health services in the U.S.S.R. J Indian Med Assoc 1966; 46:218-20. [PMID: 5905533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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Chand A. Legalising abortion for birth control. J Indian Med Assoc 1965; 45:95-7. [PMID: 5889875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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