1
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Liang XG, Hoang K, Meyerink BL, Kc P, Paraiso K, Wang L, Jones IR, Zhang Y, Katzman S, Finn TS, Tsyporin J, Qu F, Chen Z, Visel A, Kriegstein A, Shen Y, Pilaz LJ, Chen B. A conserved molecular logic for neurogenesis to gliogenesis switch in the cerebral cortex. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2321711121. [PMID: 38713624 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2321711121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/09/2024] Open
Abstract
During development, neural stem cells in the cerebral cortex, also known as radial glial cells (RGCs), generate excitatory neurons, followed by production of cortical macroglia and inhibitory neurons that migrate to the olfactory bulb (OB). Understanding the mechanisms for this lineage switch is fundamental for unraveling how proper numbers of diverse neuronal and glial cell types are controlled. We and others recently showed that Sonic Hedgehog (Shh) signaling promotes the cortical RGC lineage switch to generate cortical oligodendrocytes and OB interneurons. During this process, cortical RGCs generate intermediate progenitor cells that express critical gliogenesis genes Ascl1, Egfr, and Olig2. The increased Ascl1 expression and appearance of Egfr+ and Olig2+ cortical progenitors are concurrent with the switch from excitatory neurogenesis to gliogenesis and OB interneuron neurogenesis in the cortex. While Shh signaling promotes Olig2 expression in the developing spinal cord, the exact mechanism for this transcriptional regulation is not known. Furthermore, the transcriptional regulation of Olig2 and Egfr has not been explored. Here, we show that in cortical progenitor cells, multiple regulatory programs, including Pax6 and Gli3, prevent precocious expression of Olig2, a gene essential for production of cortical oligodendrocytes and astrocytes. We identify multiple enhancers that control Olig2 expression in cortical progenitors and show that the mechanisms for regulating Olig2 expression are conserved between the mouse and human. Our study reveals evolutionarily conserved regulatory logic controlling the lineage switch of cortical neural stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyi G Liang
- Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064
| | - Kendy Hoang
- Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064
| | - Brandon L Meyerink
- Division of Pediatrics and Rare Diseases Group, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD 57104
- Department of Basic Biomedical Sciences, University of South Dakota Sanford School of Medicine, Sioux Falls, SD 57105
| | - Pratiksha Kc
- Division of Pediatrics and Rare Diseases Group, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD 57104
| | - Kitt Paraiso
- Environmental Genomics & System Biology Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720
| | - Li Wang
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143
| | - Ian R Jones
- Institute for Human Genetics, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143
| | - Yue Zhang
- Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064
| | - Sol Katzman
- Genome Institute, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064
| | - Thomas S Finn
- Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064
| | - Jeremiah Tsyporin
- Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064
| | - Fangyuan Qu
- Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064
| | - Zhaoxu Chen
- Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064
| | - Axel Visel
- Environmental Genomics & System Biology Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720
- U.S. Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Berkeley, CA 94720
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, School of Natural Sciences, University of California, Merced, CA 95343
| | - Arnold Kriegstein
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143
| | - Yin Shen
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143
- Institute for Human Genetics, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143
| | - Louis-Jan Pilaz
- Division of Pediatrics and Rare Diseases Group, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD 57104
- Department of Basic Biomedical Sciences, University of South Dakota Sanford School of Medicine, Sioux Falls, SD 57105
| | - Bin Chen
- Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064
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2
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Bershteyn M, Bröer S, Parekh M, Maury Y, Havlicek S, Kriks S, Fuentealba L, Lee S, Zhou R, Subramanyam G, Sezan M, Sevilla ES, Blankenberger W, Spatazza J, Zhou L, Nethercott H, Traver D, Hampel P, Kim H, Watson M, Salter N, Nesterova A, Au W, Kriegstein A, Alvarez-Buylla A, Rubenstein J, Banik G, Bulfone A, Priest C, Nicholas CR. Human pallial MGE-type GABAergic interneuron cell therapy for chronic focal epilepsy. Cell Stem Cell 2023; 30:1331-1350.e11. [PMID: 37802038 PMCID: PMC10993865 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2023.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023]
Abstract
Mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (MTLE) is the most common focal epilepsy. One-third of patients have drug-refractory seizures and are left with suboptimal therapeutic options such as brain tissue-destructive surgery. Here, we report the development and characterization of a cell therapy alternative for drug-resistant MTLE, which is derived from a human embryonic stem cell line and comprises cryopreserved, post-mitotic, medial ganglionic eminence (MGE) pallial-type GABAergic interneurons. Single-dose intrahippocampal delivery of the interneurons in a mouse model of chronic MTLE resulted in consistent mesiotemporal seizure suppression, with most animals becoming seizure-free and surviving longer. The grafted interneurons dispersed locally, functionally integrated, persisted long term, and significantly reduced dentate granule cell dispersion, a pathological hallmark of MTLE. These disease-modifying effects were dose-dependent, with a broad therapeutic range. No adverse effects were observed. These findings support an ongoing phase 1/2 clinical trial (NCT05135091) for drug-resistant MTLE.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sonja Bröer
- Neurona Therapeutics Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Mansi Parekh
- Neurona Therapeutics Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Yves Maury
- Neurona Therapeutics Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Steven Havlicek
- Neurona Therapeutics Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Sonja Kriks
- Neurona Therapeutics Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Luis Fuentealba
- Neurona Therapeutics Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Seonok Lee
- Neurona Therapeutics Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Robin Zhou
- Neurona Therapeutics Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | | | - Meliz Sezan
- Neurona Therapeutics Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | | | | | - Julien Spatazza
- Neurona Therapeutics Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Li Zhou
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; The Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | | | - David Traver
- Neurona Therapeutics Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Philip Hampel
- Neurona Therapeutics Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Hannah Kim
- Neurona Therapeutics Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Michael Watson
- Neurona Therapeutics Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Naomi Salter
- Neurona Therapeutics Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | | | - Wai Au
- Neurona Therapeutics Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Arnold Kriegstein
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; The Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Arturo Alvarez-Buylla
- The Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - John Rubenstein
- Department of Psychiatry, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, Kavli Institute for Fundamental Neuroscience, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Gautam Banik
- Neurona Therapeutics Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | | | | | - Cory R Nicholas
- Neurona Therapeutics Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA.
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3
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Perez Y, Velmeshev D, Wang L, White M, Siebert C, Baltazar J, Dutton NG, Wang S, Haeussler M, Chamberlain S, Kriegstein A. Single cell analysis of dup15q syndrome reveals developmental and postnatal molecular changes in autism. bioRxiv 2023:2023.09.22.559056. [PMID: 37790331 PMCID: PMC10543006 DOI: 10.1101/2023.09.22.559056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
Duplication 15q (dup15q) syndrome is the most common genetic cause of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Due to a higher genetic and phenotypic homogeneity compared to idiopathic autism, dup15q syndrome provides a well-defined setting to investigate ASD mechanisms. Previous bulk gene expression studies identified shared molecular changes in ASD. However, how cell type specific changes compare across different autism subtypes and how they change during development is largely unknown. In this study, we used single cell and single nucleus mRNA sequencing of dup15q cortical organoids from patient iPSCs, as well as post-mortem patient brain samples. We find cell-type specific dysregulated programs that underlie dup15q pathogenesis, which we validate by spatial resolved transcriptomics using brain tissue samples. We find degraded identity and vulnerability of deep-layer neurons in fetal stage organoids and highlight increased molecular burden of postmortem upper-layer neurons implicated in synaptic signaling, a finding shared between idiopathic ASD and dup15q syndrome. Gene co-expression network analysis of organoid and postmortem excitatory neurons uncovers modules enriched with autism risk genes. Organoid developmental modules were involved in transcription regulation via chromatin remodeling, while postmortem modules were associated with synaptic transmission and plasticity. The findings reveal a shifting landscape of ASD cellular vulnerability during brain development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonatan Perez
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Dmitry Velmeshev
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- Current address: Bryan Research Building, Duke University, Durham, NC27710, USA
| | - Li Wang
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Matthew White
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Clara Siebert
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Jennifer Baltazar
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Natalia Garcia Dutton
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Shaohui Wang
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | | | - Stormy Chamberlain
- Departments of Genetics and Genome Sciences and Pediatrics, Connecticut Children's Medical Center, University of Connecticut Health Center, 400 Farmington Avenue, Farmington, CT 06030-6403, USA
| | - Arnold Kriegstein
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
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4
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Whalen S, Inoue F, Ryu H, Fair T, Markenscoff-Papadimitriou E, Keough K, Kircher M, Martin B, Alvarado B, Elor O, Laboy Cintron D, Williams A, Hassan Samee MA, Thomas S, Krencik R, Ullian EM, Kriegstein A, Rubenstein JL, Shendure J, Pollen AA, Ahituv N, Pollard KS. Machine learning dissection of human accelerated regions in primate neurodevelopment. Neuron 2023; 111:857-873.e8. [PMID: 36640767 PMCID: PMC10023452 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2022.12.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Using machine learning (ML), we interrogated the function of all human-chimpanzee variants in 2,645 human accelerated regions (HARs), finding 43% of HARs have variants with large opposing effects on chromatin state and 14% on neurodevelopmental enhancer activity. This pattern, consistent with compensatory evolution, was confirmed using massively parallel reporter assays in chimpanzee and human neural progenitor cells. The species-specific enhancer activity of HARs was accurately predicted from the presence and absence of transcription factor footprints in each species. Despite these striking cis effects, activity of a given HAR sequence was nearly identical in human and chimpanzee cells. This suggests that HARs did not evolve to compensate for changes in the trans environment but instead altered their ability to bind factors present in both species. Thus, ML prioritized variants with functional effects on human neurodevelopment and revealed an unexpected reason why HARs may have evolved so rapidly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean Whalen
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Fumitaka Inoue
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Institute for Human Genetics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Hane Ryu
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Institute for Human Genetics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Pharmaceutical Sciences and Pharmacogenomics Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Tyler Fair
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | | | - Kathleen Keough
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Pharmaceutical Sciences and Pharmacogenomics Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Martin Kircher
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, University of Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Beth Martin
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Beatriz Alvarado
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Orry Elor
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Institute for Human Genetics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Dianne Laboy Cintron
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Institute for Human Genetics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Sean Thomas
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Robert Krencik
- Department of Neurosurgery, Center for Neuroregeneration, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Erik M Ullian
- Departments of Ophthalmology and Physiology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Kavli Institute for Fundamental Neuroscience, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Arnold Kriegstein
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - John L Rubenstein
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jay Shendure
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Brotman Baty Institute for Precision Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Alex A Pollen
- Institute for Human Genetics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Nadav Ahituv
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Institute for Human Genetics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | - Katherine S Pollard
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Institute for Human Genetics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and Institute for Computational Health Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Chan-Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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5
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Yu X, Ton AN, Niu Z, Morales BM, Chen J, Braz J, Lai MH, Barruet E, Liu H, Cheung K, Ali S, Chan T, Bigay K, Ho J, Nikolli I, Hansberry S, Wentworth K, Kriegstein A, Basbaum A, Hsiao EC. ACVR1-activating mutation causes neuropathic pain and sensory neuron hyperexcitability in humans. Pain 2023; 164:43-58. [PMID: 35442931 PMCID: PMC9582048 DOI: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000002656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Altered bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling is associated with many musculoskeletal diseases. However, it remains unknown whether BMP dysfunction has direct contribution to debilitating pain reported in many of these disorders. Here, we identified a novel neuropathic pain phenotype in patients with fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva (FOP), a rare autosomal-dominant musculoskeletal disorder characterized by progressive heterotopic ossification. Ninety-seven percent of these patients carry an R206H gain-of-function point mutation in the BMP type I receptor ACVR1 (ACVR1 R206H ), which causes neofunction to Activin A and constitutively activates signaling through phosphorylated SMAD1/5/8. Although patients with FOP can harbor pathological lesions in the peripheral and central nervous system, their etiology and clinical impact are unclear. Quantitative sensory testing of patients with FOP revealed significant heat and mechanical pain hypersensitivity. Although there was no major effect of ACVR1 R206H on differentiation and maturation of nociceptive sensory neurons (iSNs) derived from FOP induced pluripotent stem cells, both intracellular and extracellular electrophysiology analyses of the ACVR1 R206H iSNs displayed ACVR1-dependent hyperexcitability, a hallmark of neuropathic pain. Consistent with this phenotype, we recorded enhanced responses of ACVR1 R206H iSNs to TRPV1 and TRPA1 agonists. Thus, activated ACVR1 signaling can modulate pain processing in humans and may represent a potential target for pain management in FOP and related BMP pathway diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobing Yu
- Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Amy N. Ton
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, The Institute for Human Genetics, and the Program in Craniofacial Biology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Zejun Niu
- Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
- Department of Anesthesiology, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Blanca M. Morales
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, The Institute for Human Genetics, and the Program in Craniofacial Biology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Jiadong Chen
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States. Dr. Chen is now with the Department of Neurology of Second Affiliated Hospital, Centre for Neuroscience, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Joao Braz
- Department of Anatomy, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Michael H. Lai
- J. David Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Emilie Barruet
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, The Institute for Human Genetics, and the Program in Craniofacial Biology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Hongju Liu
- Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
- Department of Anesthesiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Kin Cheung
- BioSAS Consulting, Inc, Wellesley, MA, United States
| | - Syed Ali
- Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Tea Chan
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, The Institute for Human Genetics, and the Program in Craniofacial Biology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Katherine Bigay
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, The Institute for Human Genetics, and the Program in Craniofacial Biology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Jennifer Ho
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, The Institute for Human Genetics, and the Program in Craniofacial Biology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Ina Nikolli
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, The Institute for Human Genetics, and the Program in Craniofacial Biology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Steven Hansberry
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, The Institute for Human Genetics, and the Program in Craniofacial Biology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States
- California Institute of Regenerative Medicine Bridges to Stem Cell Research Program, San Francisco State University, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Kelly Wentworth
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, The Institute for Human Genetics, and the Program in Craniofacial Biology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Arnold Kriegstein
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States. Dr. Chen is now with the Department of Neurology of Second Affiliated Hospital, Centre for Neuroscience, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Allan Basbaum
- Department of Anatomy, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Edward C. Hsiao
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, The Institute for Human Genetics, and the Program in Craniofacial Biology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States
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6
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Petrus-Reurer S, Lederer AR, Baqué-Vidal L, Douagi I, Pannagel B, Khven I, Aronsson M, Bartuma H, Wagner M, Wrona A, Efstathopoulos P, Jaberi E, Willenbrock H, Shimizu Y, Villaescusa JC, André H, Sundstrӧm E, Bhaduri A, Kriegstein A, Kvanta A, La Manno G, Lanner F. Molecular profiling of stem cell-derived retinal pigment epithelial cell differentiation established for clinical translation. Stem Cell Reports 2022; 17:1458-1475. [PMID: 35705015 PMCID: PMC9214069 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2022.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Human embryonic stem cell-derived retinal pigment epithelial cells (hESC-RPE) are a promising cell source to treat age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Despite several ongoing clinical studies, a detailed mapping of transient cellular states during in vitro differentiation has not been performed. Here, we conduct single-cell transcriptomic profiling of an hESC-RPE differentiation protocol that has been developed for clinical use. Differentiation progressed through a culture diversification recapitulating early embryonic development, whereby cells rapidly acquired a rostral embryo patterning signature before converging toward the RPE lineage. At intermediate steps, we identified and examined the potency of an NCAM1+ retinal progenitor population and showed the ability of the protocol to suppress non-RPE fates. We demonstrated that the method produces a pure RPE pool capable of maturing further after subretinal transplantation in a large-eyed animal model. Our evaluation of hESC-RPE differentiation supports the development of safe and efficient pluripotent stem cell-based therapies for AMD. Transcriptional analysis of hESC-RPE differentiation benchmarked to in vivo cells NCAM1 emerges as a cell-surface marker of multipotent neuroepithelial progenitors hESC-RPE cells are obtained through a divergence-convergence process
hESC-RPE further mature in vivo upon subretinal injection into the rabbit eye
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Petrus-Reurer
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden; Gynecology and Reproductive Medicine, Karolinska Universitetssjukhuset, 14186 Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Division of Eye and Vision, St. Erik Eye Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, 11282 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Alex R Lederer
- Laboratory of Neurodevelopmental Systems Biology, Brain Mind Institute, School of Life Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Laura Baqué-Vidal
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden; Gynecology and Reproductive Medicine, Karolinska Universitetssjukhuset, 14186 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Iyadh Douagi
- Center for Hematology and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Belinda Pannagel
- Center for Hematology and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Irina Khven
- Laboratory of Neurodevelopmental Systems Biology, Brain Mind Institute, School of Life Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Monica Aronsson
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Division of Eye and Vision, St. Erik Eye Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, 11282 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hammurabi Bartuma
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Division of Eye and Vision, St. Erik Eye Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, 11282 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Magdalena Wagner
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden; Gynecology and Reproductive Medicine, Karolinska Universitetssjukhuset, 14186 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Andreas Wrona
- Cell Therapy R&D, Novo Nordisk A/S, Måløv 2760, Denmark
| | | | - Elham Jaberi
- Cell Therapy R&D, Novo Nordisk A/S, Måløv 2760, Denmark
| | | | | | | | - Helder André
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Division of Eye and Vision, St. Erik Eye Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, 11282 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Erik Sundstrӧm
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Aparna Bhaduri
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA; Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Arnold Kriegstein
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA; Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Anders Kvanta
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Division of Eye and Vision, St. Erik Eye Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, 11282 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Gioele La Manno
- Laboratory of Neurodevelopmental Systems Biology, Brain Mind Institute, School of Life Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Fredrik Lanner
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden; Gynecology and Reproductive Medicine, Karolinska Universitetssjukhuset, 14186 Stockholm, Sweden; Ming Wai Lau Center for Reparative Medicine, Stockholm node, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden.
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7
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Dajani R, Jiwani B, Nanji A, Zoloth L, Ghaly M, İlkılıç İ, Raya Á, Patrão Neves M, de Melo H, Carvalho AS, Caulfield T, Carter R, Rendas A, Surani A, Rossant J, Kriegstein A, Lalani EN. Diversifying stem cell debates: Including Muslim contexts and perspectives. Stem Cell Reports 2022; 17:1019-1022. [PMID: 35395176 PMCID: PMC9133579 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2022.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Greater transcultural and transdisciplinary engagement within Muslim contexts and deliberate inclusion of diverse Muslim voices in the development of international guidelines is required to improve understanding of the state of stem cell science, strengthen thinking about attendant ethical complexities, enhance compliance, deepen public deliberation, increase trust, and strengthen practice standards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rana Dajani
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Hashemite University, Zarqa 13133, Jordan
| | - Bashir Jiwani
- Ethics and Diversity Services, Fraser Health Authority, Surrey, BC V3T 0H1, Canada.
| | - Azim Nanji
- Aga Khan University, Karachi 74000, Pakistan
| | - Laurie Zoloth
- Ethics Area, Divinity School, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Mohammed Ghaly
- Department of Biomedical Ethics, Research Center for Islamic Legislation & Ethics (CILE), Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha, Qatar
| | - İlhan İlkılıç
- Department of History of Medicine and Ethics, Istanbul University, Istanbul 34093, Turkey
| | - Ángel Raya
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL) and Program for Clinical Translation of Regenerative Medicine in Catalonia (P-CMR[C]), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08908 Barcelona, Spain; Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), 28029 Madrid, Spain; Institució Catalana de Recerca I Estudis Avançats (ICREA), 08010 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria Patrão Neves
- Department of Philosophy, University of the Azores, Ponta Delgada 9500-321, Portugal
| | - Helena de Melo
- Faculty of Law, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisbon 1099-032, Portugal
| | - Ana Sofia Carvalho
- School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Porto, Porto 4099-002, Portugal
| | - Timothy Caulfield
- Faculty of Law and the School of Public Health, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H5, Canada
| | - Rose Carter
- Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H5, Canada; Counsel, Dentons, Edmonton, AB T5J 0K4, Canada
| | - António Rendas
- Board of Trustees, Aga Khan University, Karachi 74000, Pakistan
| | - Azim Surani
- The Gurdon Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1TN, UK
| | - Janet Rossant
- Program in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children and Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1, Canada
| | - Arnold Kriegstein
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - El-Nasir Lalani
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Aga Khan University, Karachi 74000, Pakistan
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8
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Li T, Yu D, Oak HC, Zhu B, Wang L, Jiang X, Molday RS, Kriegstein A, Piao X. Phospholipid-flippase chaperone CDC50A is required for synapse maintenance by regulating phosphatidylserine exposure. EMBO J 2021; 40:e107915. [PMID: 34585770 PMCID: PMC8561630 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2021107915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Synaptic refinement is a critical physiological process that removes excess synapses to establish and maintain functional neuronal circuits. Recent studies have shown that focal exposure of phosphatidylserine (PS) on synapses acts as an "eat me" signal to mediate synaptic pruning. However, the molecular mechanism underlying PS externalization at synapses remains elusive. Here, we find that murine CDC50A, a chaperone of phospholipid flippases, localizes to synapses, and that its expression depends on neuronal activity. Cdc50a knockdown leads to phosphatidylserine exposure at synapses and subsequent erroneous synapse removal by microglia partly via the GPR56 pathway. Taken together, our data support that CDC50A safeguards synapse maintenance by regulating focal phosphatidylserine exposure at synapses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Li
- Weill Institute for NeuroscienceUniversity of California, San Francisco (UCSF)San FranciscoCAUSA
- Newborn Brain Research InstituteUniversity of California, San Francisco (UCSF)San FranciscoCAUSA
| | - Diankun Yu
- Weill Institute for NeuroscienceUniversity of California, San Francisco (UCSF)San FranciscoCAUSA
- Newborn Brain Research InstituteUniversity of California, San Francisco (UCSF)San FranciscoCAUSA
| | - Hayeon C Oak
- Weill Institute for NeuroscienceUniversity of California, San Francisco (UCSF)San FranciscoCAUSA
- Newborn Brain Research InstituteUniversity of California, San Francisco (UCSF)San FranciscoCAUSA
| | - Beika Zhu
- Weill Institute for NeuroscienceUniversity of California, San Francisco (UCSF)San FranciscoCAUSA
- Newborn Brain Research InstituteUniversity of California, San Francisco (UCSF)San FranciscoCAUSA
| | - Li Wang
- Weill Institute for NeuroscienceUniversity of California, San Francisco (UCSF)San FranciscoCAUSA
- Department of NeurologyUniversity of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoCAUSA
| | - Xueqiao Jiang
- Weill Institute for NeuroscienceUniversity of California, San Francisco (UCSF)San FranciscoCAUSA
- Newborn Brain Research InstituteUniversity of California, San Francisco (UCSF)San FranciscoCAUSA
| | - Robert S Molday
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverBCCanada
| | - Arnold Kriegstein
- Weill Institute for NeuroscienceUniversity of California, San Francisco (UCSF)San FranciscoCAUSA
- Department of NeurologyUniversity of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoCAUSA
| | - Xianhua Piao
- Weill Institute for NeuroscienceUniversity of California, San Francisco (UCSF)San FranciscoCAUSA
- Newborn Brain Research InstituteUniversity of California, San Francisco (UCSF)San FranciscoCAUSA
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell ResearchUniversity of California, San Francisco (UCSF)San FranciscoCAUSA
- Division of NeonatologyDepartment of PediatricsUniversity of California, San Francisco (UCSF)San FranciscoCAUSA
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9
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Selvadurai HJ, Luis E, Desai K, Lan X, Vladoiu MC, Whitley O, Galvin C, Vanner RJ, Lee L, Whetstone H, Kushida M, Nowakowski T, Diamandis P, Hawkins C, Bader G, Kriegstein A, Taylor MD, Dirks PB. Medulloblastoma Arises from the Persistence of a Rare and Transient Sox2 + Granule Neuron Precursor. Cell Rep 2021; 31:107511. [PMID: 32294450 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.03.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Revised: 08/10/2019] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Medulloblastoma (MB) is a neoplasm linked to dysregulated cerebellar development. Previously, we demonstrated that the Sonic Hedgehog (SHH) subgroup grows hierarchically, with Sox2+ cells at the apex of tumor progression and relapse. To test whether this mechanism is rooted in a normal developmental process, we studied the role of Sox2 in cerebellar development. We find that the external germinal layer (EGL) is derived from embryonic Sox2+ precursors and that the EGL maintains a rare fraction of Sox2+ cells during the first postnatal week. Through lineage tracing and single-cell analysis, we demonstrate that these Sox2+ cells are within the Atoh1+ lineage, contribute extensively to adult granule neurons, and resemble Sox2+ tumor cells. Critically, constitutive activation of the SHH pathway leads to their aberrant persistence in the EGL and rapid tumor onset. We propose that failure to eliminate this rare but potent developmental population is the tumor initiation mechanism in SHH-subgroup MB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayden J Selvadurai
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada; Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumor Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Erika Luis
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada; Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumor Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada; Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Kinjal Desai
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada; Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumor Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Xiaoyang Lan
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada; Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumor Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Maria C Vladoiu
- Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumor Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Owen Whitley
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada; The Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, ON M5T 1W1, Canada
| | - Ciaran Galvin
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada; Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumor Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Robert J Vanner
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada; Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumor Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada; Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Lilian Lee
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada; Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumor Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Heather Whetstone
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada; Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumor Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Michelle Kushida
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada; Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumor Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Tomasz Nowakowski
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Phedias Diamandis
- Department of Pathology, Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2C4, Canada; Division of Pathology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada
| | - Cynthia Hawkins
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada; Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumor Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada; Department of Pathology, Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2C4, Canada; Division of Pathology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada
| | - Gary Bader
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada; The Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, ON M5T 1W1, Canada
| | - Arnold Kriegstein
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Michael D Taylor
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada; Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumor Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada; Division of Neurosurgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Peter B Dirks
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada; Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumor Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada; Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada; Division of Neurosurgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada.
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10
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Wang L, Babikir H, Müller S, Yagnik G, Shamardani K, Catalan F, Kohanbash G, Alvarado B, Di Lullo E, Kriegstein A, Shah S, Wadhwa H, Chang SM, Phillips JJ, Aghi MK, Diaz AA. The Phenotypes of Proliferating Glioblastoma Cells Reside on a Single Axis of Variation. Cancer Discov 2019; 9:1708-1719. [PMID: 31554641 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-19-0329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 165] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Revised: 08/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Although tumor-propagating cells can be derived from glioblastomas (GBM) of the proneural and mesenchymal subtypes, a glioma stem-like cell (GSC) of the classic subtype has not been identified. It is unclear whether mesenchymal GSCs (mGSC) and/or proneural GSCs (pGSC) alone are sufficient to generate the heterogeneity observed in GBM. We performed single-cell/single-nucleus RNA sequencing of 28 gliomas, and single-cell ATAC sequencing for 8 cases. We found that GBM GSCs reside on a single axis of variation, ranging from proneural to mesenchymal. In silico lineage tracing using both transcriptomics and genetics supports mGSCs as the progenitors of pGSCs. Dual inhibition of pGSC-enriched and mGSC-enriched growth and survival pathways provides a more complete treatment than combinations targeting one GSC phenotype alone. This study sheds light on a long-standing debate regarding lineage relationships among GSCs and presents a paradigm by which personalized combination therapies can be derived from single-cell RNA signatures, to overcome intratumor heterogeneity. SIGNIFICANCE: Tumor-propagating cells can be derived from mesenchymal and proneural glioblastomas. However, a stem cell of the classic subtype has yet to be demonstrated. We show that classic-subtype gliomas are comprised of proneural and mesenchymal cells. This study sheds light on a long-standing debate regarding lineage relationships between glioma cell types.See related commentary by Fine, p. 1650.This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 1631.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Wang
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Husam Babikir
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Sören Müller
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Garima Yagnik
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Karin Shamardani
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Francisca Catalan
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Gary Kohanbash
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Beatriz Alvarado
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California.,Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Elizabeth Di Lullo
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Arnold Kriegstein
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Sumedh Shah
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Harsh Wadhwa
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Susan M Chang
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Joanna J Phillips
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Manish K Aghi
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Aaron A Diaz
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California.
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11
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Molnár Z, Clowry GJ, Šestan N, Alzu'bi A, Bakken T, Hevner RF, Hüppi PS, Kostović I, Rakic P, Anton ES, Edwards D, Garcez P, Hoerder‐Suabedissen A, Kriegstein A. New insights into the development of the human cerebral cortex. J Anat 2019; 235:432-451. [PMID: 31373394 PMCID: PMC6704245 DOI: 10.1111/joa.13055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 173] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The cerebral cortex constitutes more than half the volume of the human brain and is presumed to be responsible for the neuronal computations underlying complex phenomena, such as perception, thought, language, attention, episodic memory and voluntary movement. Rodent models are extremely valuable for the investigation of brain development, but cannot provide insight into aspects that are unique or highly derived in humans. Many human psychiatric and neurological conditions have developmental origins but cannot be studied adequately in animal models. The human cerebral cortex has some unique genetic, molecular, cellular and anatomical features, which need to be further explored. The Anatomical Society devoted its summer meeting to the topic of Human Brain Development in June 2018 to tackle these important issues. The meeting was organized by Gavin Clowry (Newcastle University) and Zoltán Molnár (University of Oxford), and held at St John's College, Oxford. The participants provided a broad overview of the structure of the human brain in the context of scaling relationships across the brains of mammals, conserved principles and recent changes in the human lineage. Speakers considered how neuronal progenitors diversified in human to generate an increasing variety of cortical neurons. The formation of the earliest cortical circuits of the earliest generated neurons in the subplate was discussed together with their involvement in neurodevelopmental pathologies. Gene expression networks and susceptibility genes associated to neurodevelopmental diseases were discussed and compared with the networks that can be identified in organoids developed from induced pluripotent stem cells that recapitulate some aspects of in vivo development. New views were discussed on the specification of glutamatergic pyramidal and γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA)ergic interneurons. With the advancement of various in vivo imaging methods, the histopathological observations can be now linked to in vivo normal conditions and to various diseases. Our review gives a general evaluation of the exciting new developments in these areas. The human cortex has a much enlarged association cortex with greater interconnectivity of cortical areas with each other and with an expanded thalamus. The human cortex has relative enlargement of the upper layers, enhanced diversity and function of inhibitory interneurons and a highly expanded transient subplate layer during development. Here we highlight recent studies that address how these differences emerge during development focusing on diverse facets of our evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoltán Molnár
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and GeneticsUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Gavin J. Clowry
- Institute of NeuroscienceNewcastle UniversityNewcastle upon TyneUK
| | - Nenad Šestan
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of MedicineNew HavenCTUSA
| | - Ayman Alzu'bi
- Department of Basic Medical SciencesFaculty of MedicineYarmouk UniversityIrbidJordan
| | | | | | - Petra S. Hüppi
- Dept. de l'enfant et de l'adolescentHôpitaux Universitaires de GenèveGenèveSwitzerland
| | - Ivica Kostović
- Croatian Institute for Brain ResearchSchool of MedicineUniversity of ZagrebZagrebCroatia
| | - Pasko Rakic
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of MedicineNew HavenCTUSA
| | - E. S. Anton
- UNC Neuroscience CenterDepartment of Cell and Molecular PhysiologyThe University of North Carolina School of MedicineChapel HillNCUSA
| | - David Edwards
- Centre for the Developing BrainBiomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences,King's College LondonLondonUK
| | - Patricia Garcez
- Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, UFRJInstitute of Biomedical SciencesRio de JaneiroBrazil
| | | | - Arnold Kriegstein
- Department of NeurologyUniversity of California, San Francisco (UCSF)San FranciscoCAUSA
- The Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell ResearchUCSFSan FranciscoCAUSA
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12
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Miller DJ, Bhaduri A, Sestan N, Kriegstein A. Shared and derived features of cellular diversity in the human cerebral cortex. Curr Opin Neurobiol 2019; 56:117-124. [PMID: 30677551 PMCID: PMC6996583 DOI: 10.1016/j.conb.2018.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Revised: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 12/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The cerebral cortex is the hallmark of the mammalian nervous system, and its large size and cellular diversity in humans support our most sophisticated cognitive abilities. Although the basic cellular organization of the cortex is conserved across mammals, cells have diversified during evolution. An increasingly integrated taxonomy of cell types, especially with the advent of single-cell transcriptomic data, has revealed an unprecedented variety of human cortical cell subtypes. Here, we broadly review the cellular composition and diversity of the mammalian brain, and how progenitor pools generate cell subtypes during development. We then discuss human cortical cells that are distinct from rodent cells, as well as the challenges and advantages of using model systems to study human cell types in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J Miller
- Department of Neuroscience and Kavli Institute for Neuroscience, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Aparna Bhaduri
- Department of Neurology and the Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research at the University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Nenad Sestan
- Department of Neuroscience and Kavli Institute for Neuroscience, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Departments of Genetics, of Psychiatry, and of Comparative Medicine, Program in Cellular Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration and Repair, Yale Child Study Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
| | - Arnold Kriegstein
- Department of Neurology and the Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research at the University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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13
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Mueller S, Bhaduri A, DiLullo E, Yagnik G, Lim D, Aghi M, Kriegstein A, Diaz A. STEM-06. A DRAFT SINGLE-CELL ATLAS OF HUMAN GLIOBLASTOMA REVEALS SPATIAL AND DIFFERENTIATION GRADIENTS OF STEM-LIKE CELLS. Neuro Oncol 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noy148.1013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Soeren Mueller
- University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Aparna Bhaduri
- University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - Garima Yagnik
- University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Daniel Lim
- University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Manish Aghi
- University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - Aaron Diaz
- University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
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14
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Malatesta M, Liu J, Pedraza L, Seo K, DiLullo E, Raleigh D, Kriegstein A, Ullian E, Lim D. TMOD-04. TARGETING A GLIOMA SPECIFIC lncRNA IN A HUMAN BRAIN ORGANOID TUMOR MODEL. Neuro Oncol 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noy148.1117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - John Liu
- University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Leslie Pedraza
- University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Kyounghee Seo
- University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - David Raleigh
- University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - Erik Ullian
- University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Daniel Lim
- University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
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15
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Fiddes IT, Lodewijk GA, Mooring M, Bosworth CM, Ewing AD, Mantalas GL, Novak AM, van den Bout A, Bishara A, Rosenkrantz JL, Lorig-Roach R, Field AR, Haeussler M, Russo L, Bhaduri A, Nowakowski TJ, Pollen AA, Dougherty ML, Nuttle X, Addor MC, Zwolinski S, Katzman S, Kriegstein A, Eichler EE, Salama SR, Jacobs FMJ, Haussler D. Human-Specific NOTCH2NL Genes Affect Notch Signaling and Cortical Neurogenesis. Cell 2018; 173:1356-1369.e22. [PMID: 29856954 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2018.03.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 293] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2017] [Revised: 02/16/2018] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Genetic changes causing brain size expansion in human evolution have remained elusive. Notch signaling is essential for radial glia stem cell proliferation and is a determinant of neuronal number in the mammalian cortex. We find that three paralogs of human-specific NOTCH2NL are highly expressed in radial glia. Functional analysis reveals that different alleles of NOTCH2NL have varying potencies to enhance Notch signaling by interacting directly with NOTCH receptors. Consistent with a role in Notch signaling, NOTCH2NL ectopic expression delays differentiation of neuronal progenitors, while deletion accelerates differentiation into cortical neurons. Furthermore, NOTCH2NL genes provide the breakpoints in 1q21.1 distal deletion/duplication syndrome, where duplications are associated with macrocephaly and autism and deletions with microcephaly and schizophrenia. Thus, the emergence of human-specific NOTCH2NL genes may have contributed to the rapid evolution of the larger human neocortex, accompanied by loss of genomic stability at the 1q21.1 locus and resulting recurrent neurodevelopmental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian T Fiddes
- UC Santa Cruz Genomics Institute, Santa Cruz, CA, USA
| | - Gerrald A Lodewijk
- University of Amsterdam, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | | | - Adam D Ewing
- UC Santa Cruz Genomics Institute, Santa Cruz, CA, USA
| | - Gary L Mantalas
- UC Santa Cruz Genomics Institute, Santa Cruz, CA, USA; Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology Department, UC Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, USA
| | - Adam M Novak
- UC Santa Cruz Genomics Institute, Santa Cruz, CA, USA
| | - Anouk van den Bout
- University of Amsterdam, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Alex Bishara
- Department of Computer Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Jimi L Rosenkrantz
- UC Santa Cruz Genomics Institute, Santa Cruz, CA, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, UC Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, USA
| | | | - Andrew R Field
- UC Santa Cruz Genomics Institute, Santa Cruz, CA, USA; Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology Department, UC Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, USA
| | | | - Lotte Russo
- University of Amsterdam, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Aparna Bhaduri
- Department of Neurology and the Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research at the University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Tomasz J Nowakowski
- Department of Neurology and the Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research at the University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Alex A Pollen
- Department of Neurology and the Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research at the University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Max L Dougherty
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Xander Nuttle
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Program in Medical and Population Genetics and Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - Simon Zwolinski
- Department of Cytogenetics, Northern Genetics Service, Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Sol Katzman
- UC Santa Cruz Genomics Institute, Santa Cruz, CA, USA
| | - Arnold Kriegstein
- Department of Neurology and the Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research at the University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Evan E Eichler
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Sofie R Salama
- UC Santa Cruz Genomics Institute, Santa Cruz, CA, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, UC Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, USA
| | - Frank M J Jacobs
- UC Santa Cruz Genomics Institute, Santa Cruz, CA, USA; University of Amsterdam, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - David Haussler
- UC Santa Cruz Genomics Institute, Santa Cruz, CA, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, UC Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, USA.
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16
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Regev A, Teichmann SA, Lander ES, Amit I, Benoist C, Birney E, Bodenmiller B, Campbell P, Carninci P, Clatworthy M, Clevers H, Deplancke B, Dunham I, Eberwine J, Eils R, Enard W, Farmer A, Fugger L, Göttgens B, Hacohen N, Haniffa M, Hemberg M, Kim S, Klenerman P, Kriegstein A, Lein E, Linnarsson S, Lundberg E, Lundeberg J, Majumder P, Marioni JC, Merad M, Mhlanga M, Nawijn M, Netea M, Nolan G, Pe'er D, Phillipakis A, Ponting CP, Quake S, Reik W, Rozenblatt-Rosen O, Sanes J, Satija R, Schumacher TN, Shalek A, Shapiro E, Sharma P, Shin JW, Stegle O, Stratton M, Stubbington MJT, Theis FJ, Uhlen M, van Oudenaarden A, Wagner A, Watt F, Weissman J, Wold B, Xavier R, Yosef N. The Human Cell Atlas. eLife 2017; 6:e27041. [PMID: 29206104 DOI: 10.1101/121202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2017] [Accepted: 11/30/2017] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The recent advent of methods for high-throughput single-cell molecular profiling has catalyzed a growing sense in the scientific community that the time is ripe to complete the 150-year-old effort to identify all cell types in the human body. The Human Cell Atlas Project is an international collaborative effort that aims to define all human cell types in terms of distinctive molecular profiles (such as gene expression profiles) and to connect this information with classical cellular descriptions (such as location and morphology). An open comprehensive reference map of the molecular state of cells in healthy human tissues would propel the systematic study of physiological states, developmental trajectories, regulatory circuitry and interactions of cells, and also provide a framework for understanding cellular dysregulation in human disease. Here we describe the idea, its potential utility, early proofs-of-concept, and some design considerations for the Human Cell Atlas, including a commitment to open data, code, and community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aviv Regev
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, United States
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, United States
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, United States
| | - Sarah A Teichmann
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, United Kingdom
- EMBL-European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, United Kingdom
- Cavendish Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Eric S Lander
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, United States
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, United States
- Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States
| | - Ido Amit
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Christophe Benoist
- Division of Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States
| | - Ewan Birney
- EMBL-European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, United Kingdom
| | - Bernd Bodenmiller
- EMBL-European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, United Kingdom
- Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Peter Campbell
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, United Kingdom
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Piero Carninci
- Cavendish Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Division of Genomic Technologies, RIKEN Center for Life Science Technologies, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Menna Clatworthy
- Molecular Immunity Unit, Department of Medicine, MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Hans Clevers
- Hubrecht Institute, Princess Maxima Center for Pediatric Oncology and University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Bart Deplancke
- Institute of Bioengineering, School of Life Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Ian Dunham
- EMBL-European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, United Kingdom
| | - James Eberwine
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, United States
| | - Roland Eils
- Division of Theoretical Bioinformatics (B080), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Department for Bioinformatics and Functional Genomics, Institute for Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology (IPMB) and BioQuant, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Enard
- Department of Biology II, Ludwig Maximilian University Munich, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Andrew Farmer
- Takara Bio United States, Inc., Mountain View, United States
| | - Lars Fugger
- Oxford Centre for Neuroinflammation, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, and MRC Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Berthold Göttgens
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Wellcome Trust-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Nir Hacohen
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, United States
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, United States
| | - Muzlifah Haniffa
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Martin Hemberg
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, United Kingdom
| | - Seung Kim
- Departments of Developmental Biology and of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, United States
| | - Paul Klenerman
- Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research and the Translational Gastroenterology Unit, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Arnold Kriegstein
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States
| | - Ed Lein
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, United States
| | - Sten Linnarsson
- Laboratory for Molecular Neurobiology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Emma Lundberg
- Science for Life Laboratory, School of Biotechnology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, United States
| | - Joakim Lundeberg
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Gene Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - John C Marioni
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, United Kingdom
- EMBL-European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, United Kingdom
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Miriam Merad
- Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, United States
| | - Musa Mhlanga
- Division of Chemical, Systems & Synthetic Biology, Institute for Infectious Disease & Molecular Medicine (IDM), Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Martijn Nawijn
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, GRIAC Research Institute, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Mihai Netea
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Garry Nolan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University, Stanford, United States
| | - Dana Pe'er
- Computational and Systems Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, New York, United States
| | | | - Chris P Ponting
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC Institute of Genetics & Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen Quake
- Department of Applied Physics and Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, United States
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, United States
| | - Wolf Reik
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, United Kingdom
- Epigenetics Programme, The Babraham Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Centre for Trophoblast Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | | | - Joshua Sanes
- Center for Brain Science and Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, United States
| | - Rahul Satija
- Department of Biology, New York University, New York, United States
- New York Genome Center, New York University, New York, United States
| | - Ton N Schumacher
- Division of Immunology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Alex Shalek
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, United States
- Institute for Medical Engineering & Science (IMES) and Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, United States
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, United States
| | - Ehud Shapiro
- Department of Computer Science and Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Padmanee Sharma
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, Department of Immunology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, University of Texas, Houston, United States
| | - Jay W Shin
- Division of Genomic Technologies, RIKEN Center for Life Science Technologies, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Oliver Stegle
- EMBL-European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Stratton
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, United Kingdom
| | | | - Fabian J Theis
- Institute of Computational Biology, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Helmholtz Center Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
- Department of Mathematics, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany
| | - Matthias Uhlen
- Science for Life Laboratory and Department of Proteomics, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Danish Technical University, Lyngby, Denmark
| | | | - Allon Wagner
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science and the Center for Computational Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, United States
| | - Fiona Watt
- Centre for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan Weissman
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, United States
- Department of Cellular & Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States
- California Institute for Quantitative Biomedical Research, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States
- Center for RNA Systems Biology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States
| | - Barbara Wold
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, United States
| | - Ramnik Xavier
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, United States
- Center for Computational and Integrative Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, United States
- Gastrointestinal Unit and Center for the Study of Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, United States
- Center for Microbiome Informatics and Therapeutics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, United States
| | - Nir Yosef
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, United States
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science and the Center for Computational Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, United States
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17
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Regev A, Teichmann SA, Lander ES, Amit I, Benoist C, Birney E, Bodenmiller B, Campbell P, Carninci P, Clatworthy M, Clevers H, Deplancke B, Dunham I, Eberwine J, Eils R, Enard W, Farmer A, Fugger L, Göttgens B, Hacohen N, Haniffa M, Hemberg M, Kim S, Klenerman P, Kriegstein A, Lein E, Linnarsson S, Lundberg E, Lundeberg J, Majumder P, Marioni JC, Merad M, Mhlanga M, Nawijn M, Netea M, Nolan G, Pe'er D, Phillipakis A, Ponting CP, Quake S, Reik W, Rozenblatt-Rosen O, Sanes J, Satija R, Schumacher TN, Shalek A, Shapiro E, Sharma P, Shin JW, Stegle O, Stratton M, Stubbington MJT, Theis FJ, Uhlen M, van Oudenaarden A, Wagner A, Watt F, Weissman J, Wold B, Xavier R, Yosef N. The Human Cell Atlas. eLife 2017; 6:e27041. [PMID: 29206104 PMCID: PMC5762154 DOI: 10.7554/elife.27041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1151] [Impact Index Per Article: 164.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2017] [Accepted: 11/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The recent advent of methods for high-throughput single-cell molecular profiling has catalyzed a growing sense in the scientific community that the time is ripe to complete the 150-year-old effort to identify all cell types in the human body. The Human Cell Atlas Project is an international collaborative effort that aims to define all human cell types in terms of distinctive molecular profiles (such as gene expression profiles) and to connect this information with classical cellular descriptions (such as location and morphology). An open comprehensive reference map of the molecular state of cells in healthy human tissues would propel the systematic study of physiological states, developmental trajectories, regulatory circuitry and interactions of cells, and also provide a framework for understanding cellular dysregulation in human disease. Here we describe the idea, its potential utility, early proofs-of-concept, and some design considerations for the Human Cell Atlas, including a commitment to open data, code, and community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aviv Regev
- Broad Institute of MIT and HarvardCambridgeUnited States
- Department of BiologyMassachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeUnited States
- Howard Hughes Medical InstituteChevy ChaseUnited States
| | - Sarah A Teichmann
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome CampusHinxtonUnited Kingdom
- EMBL-European Bioinformatics InstituteWellcome Genome CampusHinxtonUnited Kingdom
- Cavendish Laboratory, Department of PhysicsUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUnited Kingdom
| | - Eric S Lander
- Broad Institute of MIT and HarvardCambridgeUnited States
- Department of BiologyMassachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeUnited States
- Department of Systems BiologyHarvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
| | - Ido Amit
- Department of ImmunologyWeizmann Institute of ScienceRehovotIsrael
| | - Christophe Benoist
- Division of Immunology, Department of Microbiology and ImmunobiologyHarvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
| | - Ewan Birney
- EMBL-European Bioinformatics InstituteWellcome Genome CampusHinxtonUnited Kingdom
| | - Bernd Bodenmiller
- EMBL-European Bioinformatics InstituteWellcome Genome CampusHinxtonUnited Kingdom
- Institute of Molecular Life SciencesUniversity of ZürichZürichSwitzerland
| | - Peter Campbell
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome CampusHinxtonUnited Kingdom
- Department of HaematologyUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUnited Kingdom
| | - Piero Carninci
- Cavendish Laboratory, Department of PhysicsUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUnited Kingdom
- Division of Genomic TechnologiesRIKEN Center for Life Science TechnologiesYokohamaJapan
| | - Menna Clatworthy
- Molecular Immunity Unit, Department of Medicine, MRC Laboratory of Molecular BiologyUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUnited Kingdom
| | - Hans Clevers
- Hubrecht Institute, Princess Maxima Center for Pediatric Oncology and University Medical Center UtrechtUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Bart Deplancke
- Institute of Bioengineering, School of Life SciencesSwiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL)LausanneSwitzerland
| | - Ian Dunham
- EMBL-European Bioinformatics InstituteWellcome Genome CampusHinxtonUnited Kingdom
| | - James Eberwine
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational TherapeuticsPerelman School of Medicine, University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaUnited States
| | - Roland Eils
- Division of Theoretical Bioinformatics (B080)German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ)HeidelbergGermany
- Department for Bioinformatics and Functional Genomics, Institute for Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology (IPMB) and BioQuantHeidelberg UniversityHeidelbergGermany
| | - Wolfgang Enard
- Department of Biology IILudwig Maximilian University MunichMartinsriedGermany
| | - Andrew Farmer
- Takara Bio United States, Inc.Mountain ViewUnited States
| | - Lars Fugger
- Oxford Centre for Neuroinflammation, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, and MRC Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular MedicineJohn Radcliffe Hospital, University of OxfordOxfordUnited Kingdom
| | - Berthold Göttgens
- Department of HaematologyUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUnited Kingdom
- Wellcome Trust-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell InstituteUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUnited Kingdom
| | - Nir Hacohen
- Broad Institute of MIT and HarvardCambridgeUnited States
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer CenterBostonUnited States
| | - Muzlifah Haniffa
- Institute of Cellular MedicineNewcastle UniversityNewcastle upon TyneUnited Kingdom
| | - Martin Hemberg
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome CampusHinxtonUnited Kingdom
| | - Seung Kim
- Departments of Developmental Biology and of MedicineStanford University School of MedicineStanfordUnited States
| | - Paul Klenerman
- Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research and the Translational Gastroenterology Unit, Nuffield Department of Clinical MedicineUniversity of OxfordOxfordUnited Kingdom
- Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research CentreJohn Radcliffe HospitalOxfordUnited Kingdom
| | - Arnold Kriegstein
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell ResearchUniversity of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
| | - Ed Lein
- Allen Institute for Brain ScienceSeattleUnited States
| | - Sten Linnarsson
- Laboratory for Molecular Neurobiology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and BiophysicsKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
| | - Emma Lundberg
- Science for Life Laboratory, School of BiotechnologyKTH Royal Institute of TechnologyStockholmSweden
- Department of GeneticsStanford UniversityStanfordUnited States
| | - Joakim Lundeberg
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Gene TechnologyKTH Royal Institute of TechnologyStockholmSweden
| | | | - John C Marioni
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome CampusHinxtonUnited Kingdom
- EMBL-European Bioinformatics InstituteWellcome Genome CampusHinxtonUnited Kingdom
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge InstituteUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUnited Kingdom
| | - Miriam Merad
- Precision Immunology InstituteIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkUnited States
| | - Musa Mhlanga
- Division of Chemical, Systems & Synthetic Biology, Institute for Infectious Disease & Molecular Medicine (IDM), Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health SciencesUniversity of Cape TownCape TownSouth Africa
| | - Martijn Nawijn
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, GRIAC Research InstituteUniversity of Groningen, University Medical Center GroningenGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Mihai Netea
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious DiseasesRadboud University Medical CenterNijmegenThe Netherlands
| | - Garry Nolan
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyStanford UniversityStanfordUnited States
| | - Dana Pe'er
- Computational and Systems Biology ProgramSloan Kettering InstituteNew YorkUnited States
| | | | - Chris P Ponting
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC Institute of Genetics & Molecular MedicineUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUnited Kingdom
| | - Stephen Quake
- Department of Applied Physics and Department of BioengineeringStanford UniversityStanfordUnited States
- Chan Zuckerberg BiohubSan FranciscoUnited States
| | - Wolf Reik
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome CampusHinxtonUnited Kingdom
- Epigenetics ProgrammeThe Babraham InstituteCambridgeUnited Kingdom
- Centre for Trophoblast ResearchUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUnited Kingdom
| | | | - Joshua Sanes
- Center for Brain Science and Department of Molecular and Cellular BiologyHarvard UniversityCambridgeUnited States
| | - Rahul Satija
- Department of BiologyNew York UniversityNew YorkUnited States
- New York Genome CenterNew York UniversityNew YorkUnited States
| | - Ton N Schumacher
- Division of ImmunologyThe Netherlands Cancer InstituteAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Alex Shalek
- Broad Institute of MIT and HarvardCambridgeUnited States
- Institute for Medical Engineering & Science (IMES) and Department of ChemistryMassachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeUnited States
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and HarvardCambridgeUnited States
| | - Ehud Shapiro
- Department of Computer Science and Department of Biomolecular SciencesWeizmann Institute of ScienceRehovotIsrael
| | - Padmanee Sharma
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, Department of Immunology, MD Anderson Cancer CenterUniversity of TexasHoustonUnited States
| | - Jay W Shin
- Division of Genomic TechnologiesRIKEN Center for Life Science TechnologiesYokohamaJapan
| | - Oliver Stegle
- EMBL-European Bioinformatics InstituteWellcome Genome CampusHinxtonUnited Kingdom
| | - Michael Stratton
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome CampusHinxtonUnited Kingdom
| | | | - Fabian J Theis
- Institute of Computational BiologyGerman Research Center for Environmental Health, Helmholtz Center MunichNeuherbergGermany
- Department of MathematicsTechnical University of MunichGarchingGermany
| | - Matthias Uhlen
- Science for Life Laboratory and Department of ProteomicsKTH Royal Institute of TechnologyStockholmSweden
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for BiosustainabilityDanish Technical UniversityLyngbyDenmark
| | | | - Allon Wagner
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science and the Center for Computational BiologyUniversity of California, BerkeleyBerkeleyUnited States
| | - Fiona Watt
- Centre for Stem Cells and Regenerative MedicineKing's College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Jonathan Weissman
- Howard Hughes Medical InstituteChevy ChaseUnited States
- Department of Cellular & Molecular PharmacologyUniversity of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
- California Institute for Quantitative Biomedical ResearchUniversity of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
- Center for RNA Systems BiologyUniversity of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
| | - Barbara Wold
- Division of Biology and Biological EngineeringCalifornia Institute of TechnologyPasadenaUnited States
| | - Ramnik Xavier
- Broad Institute of MIT and HarvardCambridgeUnited States
- Center for Computational and Integrative BiologyMassachusetts General HospitalBostonUnited States
- Gastrointestinal Unit and Center for the Study of Inflammatory Bowel DiseaseMassachusetts General HospitalBostonUnited States
- Center for Microbiome Informatics and TherapeuticsMassachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeUnited States
| | - Nir Yosef
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and HarvardCambridgeUnited States
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science and the Center for Computational BiologyUniversity of California, BerkeleyBerkeleyUnited States
| | - Human Cell Atlas Meeting Participants
- Broad Institute of MIT and HarvardCambridgeUnited States
- Department of BiologyMassachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeUnited States
- Howard Hughes Medical InstituteChevy ChaseUnited States
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome CampusHinxtonUnited Kingdom
- EMBL-European Bioinformatics InstituteWellcome Genome CampusHinxtonUnited Kingdom
- Cavendish Laboratory, Department of PhysicsUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUnited Kingdom
- Department of Systems BiologyHarvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
- Department of ImmunologyWeizmann Institute of ScienceRehovotIsrael
- Division of Immunology, Department of Microbiology and ImmunobiologyHarvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
- Institute of Molecular Life SciencesUniversity of ZürichZürichSwitzerland
- Department of HaematologyUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUnited Kingdom
- Division of Genomic TechnologiesRIKEN Center for Life Science TechnologiesYokohamaJapan
- Molecular Immunity Unit, Department of Medicine, MRC Laboratory of Molecular BiologyUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUnited Kingdom
- Hubrecht Institute, Princess Maxima Center for Pediatric Oncology and University Medical Center UtrechtUtrechtThe Netherlands
- Institute of Bioengineering, School of Life SciencesSwiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL)LausanneSwitzerland
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational TherapeuticsPerelman School of Medicine, University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaUnited States
- Division of Theoretical Bioinformatics (B080)German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ)HeidelbergGermany
- Department for Bioinformatics and Functional Genomics, Institute for Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology (IPMB) and BioQuantHeidelberg UniversityHeidelbergGermany
- Department of Biology IILudwig Maximilian University MunichMartinsriedGermany
- Takara Bio United States, Inc.Mountain ViewUnited States
- Oxford Centre for Neuroinflammation, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, and MRC Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular MedicineJohn Radcliffe Hospital, University of OxfordOxfordUnited Kingdom
- Wellcome Trust-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell InstituteUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUnited Kingdom
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer CenterBostonUnited States
- Institute of Cellular MedicineNewcastle UniversityNewcastle upon TyneUnited Kingdom
- Departments of Developmental Biology and of MedicineStanford University School of MedicineStanfordUnited States
- Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research and the Translational Gastroenterology Unit, Nuffield Department of Clinical MedicineUniversity of OxfordOxfordUnited Kingdom
- Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research CentreJohn Radcliffe HospitalOxfordUnited Kingdom
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell ResearchUniversity of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
- Allen Institute for Brain ScienceSeattleUnited States
- Laboratory for Molecular Neurobiology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and BiophysicsKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
- Science for Life Laboratory, School of BiotechnologyKTH Royal Institute of TechnologyStockholmSweden
- Department of GeneticsStanford UniversityStanfordUnited States
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Gene TechnologyKTH Royal Institute of TechnologyStockholmSweden
- National Institute of Biomedical GenomicsKalyaniIndia
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge InstituteUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUnited Kingdom
- Precision Immunology InstituteIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkUnited States
- Division of Chemical, Systems & Synthetic Biology, Institute for Infectious Disease & Molecular Medicine (IDM), Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health SciencesUniversity of Cape TownCape TownSouth Africa
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, GRIAC Research InstituteUniversity of Groningen, University Medical Center GroningenGroningenThe Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious DiseasesRadboud University Medical CenterNijmegenThe Netherlands
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyStanford UniversityStanfordUnited States
- Computational and Systems Biology ProgramSloan Kettering InstituteNew YorkUnited States
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC Institute of Genetics & Molecular MedicineUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUnited Kingdom
- Department of Applied Physics and Department of BioengineeringStanford UniversityStanfordUnited States
- Chan Zuckerberg BiohubSan FranciscoUnited States
- Epigenetics ProgrammeThe Babraham InstituteCambridgeUnited Kingdom
- Centre for Trophoblast ResearchUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUnited Kingdom
- Center for Brain Science and Department of Molecular and Cellular BiologyHarvard UniversityCambridgeUnited States
- Department of BiologyNew York UniversityNew YorkUnited States
- New York Genome CenterNew York UniversityNew YorkUnited States
- Division of ImmunologyThe Netherlands Cancer InstituteAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Institute for Medical Engineering & Science (IMES) and Department of ChemistryMassachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeUnited States
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and HarvardCambridgeUnited States
- Department of Computer Science and Department of Biomolecular SciencesWeizmann Institute of ScienceRehovotIsrael
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, Department of Immunology, MD Anderson Cancer CenterUniversity of TexasHoustonUnited States
- Institute of Computational BiologyGerman Research Center for Environmental Health, Helmholtz Center MunichNeuherbergGermany
- Department of MathematicsTechnical University of MunichGarchingGermany
- Science for Life Laboratory and Department of ProteomicsKTH Royal Institute of TechnologyStockholmSweden
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for BiosustainabilityDanish Technical UniversityLyngbyDenmark
- Hubrecht Institute and University Medical Center UtrechtUtrechtThe Netherlands
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science and the Center for Computational BiologyUniversity of California, BerkeleyBerkeleyUnited States
- Centre for Stem Cells and Regenerative MedicineKing's College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
- Department of Cellular & Molecular PharmacologyUniversity of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
- California Institute for Quantitative Biomedical ResearchUniversity of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
- Center for RNA Systems BiologyUniversity of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
- Division of Biology and Biological EngineeringCalifornia Institute of TechnologyPasadenaUnited States
- Center for Computational and Integrative BiologyMassachusetts General HospitalBostonUnited States
- Gastrointestinal Unit and Center for the Study of Inflammatory Bowel DiseaseMassachusetts General HospitalBostonUnited States
- Center for Microbiome Informatics and TherapeuticsMassachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeUnited States
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Mueller S, He D, Hayes J, Liu S, Malatesta M, Kriegstein A, Aghi M, Lim D, Diaz A. GENE-06. EXPRESSION OF LINC00152, A PUTATIVE SPONGE FOR TUMOR-SUPPRESSIVE micro-RNA, CORRELATES WITH GLIOMA GRADE. Neuro Oncol 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/nox168.381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Yagnik G, Nguyen A, Mueller S, Alvarado B, Watchmaker P, Kriegstein A, Diaz A, Aghi MK. TMIC-10. TUMOR-ASSOCIATED NEUTROPHILS PROMOTE GLIOBLASTOMA GROWTH VIA OSTEOPONTIN IN A TARGETABLE MANNER. Neuro Oncol 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/nox168.1000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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20
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Ostrem B, Di Lullo E, Kriegstein A. oRGs and mitotic somal translocation - a role in development and disease. Curr Opin Neurobiol 2016; 42:61-67. [PMID: 27978479 DOI: 10.1016/j.conb.2016.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2016] [Revised: 11/18/2016] [Accepted: 11/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The evolution of the human brain has been characterized by an increase in the size of the neocortex. Underlying this expansion is a significant increase in the number of neurons produced by neural stem cells during early stages of cortical development. Here we highlight recent advances in our understating of these cell populations, consisting of ventricular radial glia and outer radial glia. We highlight how gene expression studies have identified molecular signatures for radial glial cell populations and outline what has been learned about the mechanisms underlying the characteristic mode of division observed in outer radial glia cells, mitotic somal translocation. Understanding the significance of this behavior may help us explain human cortical expansion and further elucidate neurodevelopmental diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bridget Ostrem
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Elizabeth Di Lullo
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Arnold Kriegstein
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
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Muller S, Liu S, Malatesta M, Aghi M, Kriegstein A, Kohanbash G, Lim D, Diaz A. GENT-22. SINGLE-CELL PROFILING OF GLIOBLASTOMA BIOPSIES IDENTIFIES A FAMILY OF ACTIVATING PDGF-RECEPTOR DELETIONS. Neuro Oncol 2016. [DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/now212.328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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22
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Diaz A, Liu SJ, Sandoval C, Pollen A, Nowakowski TJ, Lim DA, Kriegstein A. SCell: integrated analysis of single-cell RNA-seq data. Bioinformatics 2016; 32:2219-20. [PMID: 27153637 DOI: 10.1093/bioinformatics/btw201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2015] [Accepted: 04/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Analysis of the composition of heterogeneous tissue has been greatly enabled by recent developments in single-cell transcriptomics. We present SCell, an integrated software tool for quality filtering, normalization, feature selection, iterative dimensionality reduction, clustering and the estimation of gene-expression gradients from large ensembles of single-cell RNA-seq datasets. SCell is open source, and implemented with an intuitive graphical interface. Scripts and protocols for the high-throughput pre-processing of large ensembles of single-cell, RNA-seq datasets are provided as an additional resource. AVAILABILITY AND IMPLEMENTATION Binary executables for Windows, MacOS and Linux are available at http://sourceforge.net/projects/scell, source code and pre-processing scripts are available from https://github.com/diazlab/SCellSupplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online. CONTACT aaron.diaz@ucsf.edu.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron Diaz
- Department of Neurological Surgery, UCSF Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research
| | - Siyuan J Liu
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research
| | - Carmen Sandoval
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research
| | - Alex Pollen
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research
| | - Tom J Nowakowski
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research
| | - Daniel A Lim
- Department of Neurological Surgery, UCSF Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research
| | - Arnold Kriegstein
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research
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Liu J, Di Lullo E, Malatesta M, Kohanbash G, Castro B, Okada H, Kriegstein A, Aghi M, Lim D, Diaz A. GENO-14SINGLE-CELL TRANSCIPTOMICS AND GENOMICS REVEALS A DIVERSITY OF TUMOR AND IMMUNE CELL POLARIZATION SIGNALS IN GBM. Neuro Oncol 2015. [DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/nov215.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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24
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Tong CK, Chen J, Cebrián-Silla A, Mirzadeh Z, Obernier K, Guinto CD, Tecott LH, García-Verdugo JM, Kriegstein A, Alvarez-Buylla A. Axonal control of the adult neural stem cell niche. Cell Stem Cell 2014; 14:500-11. [PMID: 24561083 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2014.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2013] [Revised: 12/05/2013] [Accepted: 01/24/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The ventricular-subventricular zone (V-SVZ) is an extensive germinal niche containing neural stem cells (NSCs) in the walls of the lateral ventricles of the adult brain. How the adult brain's neural activity influences the behavior of adult NSCs remains largely unknown. We show that serotonergic (5HT) axons originating from a small group of neurons in the raphe form an extensive plexus on most of the ventricular walls. Electron microscopy revealed intimate contacts between 5HT axons and NSCs (B1) or ependymal cells (E1) and these cells were labeled by a transsynaptic viral tracer injected into the raphe. B1 cells express the 5HT receptors 2C and 5A. Electrophysiology showed that activation of these receptors in B1 cells induced small inward currents. Intraventricular infusion of 5HT2C agonist or antagonist increased or decreased V-SVZ proliferation, respectively. These results indicate that supraependymal 5HT axons directly interact with NSCs to regulate neurogenesis via 5HT2C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheuk Ka Tong
- Department of Neurological Surgery and The Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Jiadong Chen
- Department of Neurological Surgery and The Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Arantxa Cebrián-Silla
- Laboratory of Comparative Neurobiology, Instituto Cavanilles, Universidad de Valencia, CIBERNED, Valencia 46980, Spain
| | - Zaman Mirzadeh
- Department of Neurosurgery, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ 85013, USA
| | - Kirsten Obernier
- Department of Neurological Surgery and The Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Cristina D Guinto
- Department of Neurological Surgery and The Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Laurence H Tecott
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Jose Manuel García-Verdugo
- Laboratory of Comparative Neurobiology, Instituto Cavanilles, Universidad de Valencia, CIBERNED, Valencia 46980, Spain; Unidad Mixta de Esclerosis Múltiple y Neurorregeneración, IIS Hospital La Fe, Valencia 46013, Spain
| | - Arnold Kriegstein
- Department of Neurological Surgery and The Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Arturo Alvarez-Buylla
- Department of Neurological Surgery and The Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.
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25
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Bráz JM, Sharif-Naeini R, Vogt D, Kriegstein A, Alvarez-Buylla A, Rubenstein JL, Basbaum AI. Forebrain GABAergic neuron precursors integrate into adult spinal cord and reduce injury-induced neuropathic pain. Neuron 2012; 74:663-75. [PMID: 22632725 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2012.02.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/21/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Neuropathic pain is a chronic debilitating disease characterized by mechanical allodynia and spontaneous pain. Because symptoms are often unresponsive to conventional methods of pain treatment, new therapeutic approaches are essential. Here, we describe a strategy that not only ameliorates symptoms of neuropathic pain but is also potentially disease modifying. We show that transplantation of immature telencephalic GABAergic interneurons from the mouse medial ganglionic eminence (MGE) into the adult mouse spinal cord completely reverses the mechanical hypersensitivity produced by peripheral nerve injury. Underlying this improvement is a remarkable integration of the MGE transplants into the host spinal cord circuitry, in which the transplanted cells make functional connections with both primary afferent and spinal cord neurons. By contrast, MGE transplants were not effective against inflammatory pain. Our findings suggest that MGE-derived GABAergic interneurons overcome the spinal cord hyperexcitability that is a hallmark of nerve injury-induced neuropathic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- João M Bráz
- Department of Anatomy, W.M. Keck Foundation Center for Integrative Neuroscience, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.
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Lo B, Parham L, Cedars M, Fisher S, Gates E, Giudice L, Halme DG, Hershon W, Kriegstein A, Rao R, Roberts C, Wagner R. Research ethics. NIH guidelines for stem cell research and gamete donors. Science 2010; 327:962-3. [PMID: 20167773 PMCID: PMC2892655 DOI: 10.1126/science.1180725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Rather than informed consent, dispositional authorization may be the preferred strategy in obtaining gamete donations for embryonic stem cell research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernard Lo
- Program in Medical Ethics, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
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28
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Lo B, Parham L, Alvarez-Buylla A, Cedars M, Conklin B, Fisher S, Gates E, Giudice L, Halme DG, Hershon W, Kriegstein A, Kwok PY, Wagner R. Cloning mice and men: prohibiting the use of iPS cells for human reproductive cloning. Cell Stem Cell 2010; 6:16-20. [PMID: 20085739 PMCID: PMC4035242 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2009.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The use of iPSCs and tetraploid complementation for human reproductive cloning would raise profound ethical objections. Professional standards and laws that ban human reproductive cloning by somatic cell nuclear transfer should be revised to also forbid it by other methods, such as iPSCs via tetraploid complementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernard Lo
- Program in Medical Ethics, Department of Medicine, The Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
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Abstract
Glial cells were long considered end products of neural differentiation, specialized supportive cells with an origin very different from that of neurons. New studies have shown that some glial cells--radial glia (RG) in development and specific subpopulations of astrocytes in adult mammals--function as primary progenitors or neural stem cells (NSCs). This is a fundamental departure from classical views separating neuronal and glial lineages early in development. Direct visualization of the behavior of NSCs and lineage-tracing studies reveal how neuronal lineages emerge. In development and in the adult brain, many neurons and glial cells are not the direct progeny of NSCs, but instead originate from transit amplifying, or intermediate, progenitor cells (IPCs). Within NSCs and IPCs, genetic programs unfold for generating the extraordinary diversity of cell types in the central nervous system. The timing in development and location of NSCs, a property tightly linked to their neuroepithelial origin, appear to be the key determinants of the types of neurons generated. Identification of NSCs and IPCs is critical to understand brain development and adult neurogenesis and to develop new strategies for brain repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnold Kriegstein
- The Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, California 94143-0525, USA.
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30
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Abstract
The excitatory neurons of the mammalian cerebral cortex arise from asymmetric divisions of radial glial cells in the ventricular zone and symmetric division of intermediate progenitor cells (IPCs) in the subventricular zone (SVZ) of the embryonic cortex. Little is known about the microenvironment in which IPCs divide or whether a stem cell niche exists in the SVZ of the embryonic cortex. Recent evidence suggests that vasculature may provide a niche for adult stem cells but its role in development is less clear. We have investigated the vasculature in the embryonic cortex during neurogenesis and find that IPCs are spatially and temporally associated with blood vessels during cortical development. Intermediate progenitors mimic the pattern of capillaries suggesting patterns of angiogenesis and neurogenesis are coordinated during development. More importantly, we find that IPCs divide near blood vessel branch points suggesting that cerebral vasculature establishes a stem cell niche for intermediate progenitors in the SVZ. These data provide novel evidence for the presence of a neurogenic niche for intermediate progenitors in the embryonic SVZ and suggest blood vessels are important for proper patterning of neurogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashkan Javaherian
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
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31
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Lo B, Parham L, Broom C, Cedars M, Gates E, Giudice L, Halme DG, Hershon W, Kriegstein A, Kwok PY, Oberman M, Roberts C, Wagner R. Importing human pluripotent stem cell lines derived at another institution: tailoring review to ethical concerns. Cell Stem Cell 2009; 4:115-23. [PMID: 19200800 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2009.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Stem cell researchers commonly use human pluripotent stem cell lines derived by other investigators. Researchers may use lines derived elsewhere, provided that their derivation met consensus core standards. Some types of derivation raise heightened levels of ethical concern and require greater scrutiny. To maintain public trust, research institutions need to justify why they allow researchers to use lines whose derivation would not have been permitted locally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernard Lo
- Program in Medical Ethics, University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Transplantation of cells derived through the manipulation of pluripotent stem cells may involve great uncertainty and the possibility of serious risks. PURPOSE To develop guidelines for the ethical conduct of clinical trials using such stem cells. METHODS Review of literature on clinical trials ethics and clinical applications of stem cells; critical deliberation on potential guidelines. RESULTS Such transplantation should be allowed in clinical practice only after clinical trials demonstrate efficacy and safety. These clinical trials should follow ethical principles that guide all clinical research. Additional requirements to strengthen trial design, coordinate scientific and ethics review, verify that participants understand key features of the trial, and ensure publication of findings are also warranted because of the highly innovative nature of the intervention, limited experience in humans, and the high hopes of patients who have no alternative effective treatments. LIMITATIONS These recommendations will need to be modified in light of actual experience with stem cell clinical trials. CONCLUSIONS These recommendations will help guarantee that the efficacy and safety of innovative stem cell interventions will be rigorously established, while also protecting study participants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernard Lo
- Program in Medical Ethics and Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143-0903, USA.
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Abstract
In-utero in-vivo injection and electroporation of the embryonic mouse neocortex provides a powerful tool for the manipulation of individual progenitors lining the walls of the lateral ventricle. This technique is now widely used to study the processes involved in corticogenesis by over-expressing or knocking down genes and observing the effects on cellular proliferation, migration, and differentiation. In comparison to traditional knockout strategies, in-utero electroporation provides a rapid means to manipulate a population of cells during a specific temporal window. In this video protocol we outline the experimental methodology for preparing mice for surgery, exposing the uterine horns through laporatomy, injecting DNA into the lateral ventricles of the developing embryo, electroporating DNA into the progenitors lining the lateral wall, and caring for animals post-surgery. Our laboratory uses this protocol for surgeries on E13-E16 mice, however it is most commonly performed at E15 as shown in this video.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Walantus
- Institute for Regeneration Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, USA.
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34
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Abstract
In-utero in-vivo injection and electroporation of the embryonic rat neocortex provides a powerful tool for the manipulation of individual progenitors lining the walls of the lateral ventricle. This technique is now widely used to study the processes involved in corticogenesis by over-expressing or knocking down genes and observing the effects on cellular proliferation, migration, and differentiation. In comparison to traditional knockout strategies, in-utero electroporation provides a rapid means to manipulate a population of cells during a specific temporal window. In this video protocol we outline the experimental methodology for preparing rats for surgery, exposing the uterine horns through laporatomy, injecting DNA into the lateral ventricles of the developing embryo, electroporating DNA into the progenitors lining the lateral wall, and caring for animals post-surgery. Our laboratory uses this protocol for surgeries on E15-E21 rats, however it is most commonly performed at E16 as shown in this video.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Walantus
- Institute for Regeneration Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, USA.
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Abstract
Organotypic slice cultures from embryonic rodent brains are widely used to study brain development. While there are often advantages to an in-vivo system, organotypic slice cultures allow one to perform a number of manipulations that are not presently feasible in-vivo. To date, organtotypic embryonic brain slice cultures have been used to follow individual cells using time-lapse microscopy, manipulate the expression of genes in the ganglionic emanances (a region that is hard to target by in-utero electroporation), as well as for pharmacological studies. In this video protocol we demonstrate how to make organotypic slice cultures from rat embryonic day 18 embryos. The protocol involves dissecting the embryos, embedding them on ice in low melt agarose, slicing the embedded brains on the vibratome, and finally plating the slices onto filters in culture dishes. This protocol is also applicable in its present form to making organotypic slice cultures from different embryonic ages for both rats and mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Elias
- Institute for Regeneration Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, USA.
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Kriegstein A, Noctor S, Martínez-Cerdeño V. Patterns of neural stem and progenitor cell division may underlie evolutionary cortical expansion. Nat Rev Neurosci 2006; 7:883-90. [PMID: 17033683 DOI: 10.1038/nrn2008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 524] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The dramatic evolutionary expansion of the cerebral cortex of Homo sapiens underlies our unique higher cortical functions, and therefore bears on the ultimate issue of what makes us human. Recent insights into developmental events during early proliferative stages of cortical development indicate how neural stem and progenitor cells might interact to produce cortical expansion during development, and could shed light on evolutionary changes in cortical structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnold Kriegstein
- Institute for Stem Cell and Tissue Biology, University of California, San Francisco, 513 Parnassus Ave, HSW, 1201, San Francisco, California, USA.
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37
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnold Kriegstein
- Institute for Stem Cell and Tissue Biology, University of California at San Francisco, USA.
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Butt SJB, Fuccillo M, Nery S, Noctor S, Kriegstein A, Corbin JG, Fishell G. The temporal and spatial origins of cortical interneurons predict their physiological subtype. Neuron 2006; 48:591-604. [PMID: 16301176 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2005.09.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 420] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2005] [Revised: 08/18/2005] [Accepted: 09/27/2005] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Interneurons of the cerebral cortex represent a heterogeneous population of cells with important roles in network function. At present, little is known about how these neurons are specified in the developing telencephalon. To explore whether this diversity is established in the early progenitor populations, we conducted in utero fate-mapping of the mouse medial and caudal ganglionic eminences (MGE and CGE, respectively), from which most cortical interneurons arise. Mature interneuron subtypes were assessed by electrophysiological and immunological analysis, as well as by morphological reconstruction. At E13.5, the MGE gives rise to fast-spiking (FS) interneurons, whereas the CGE generates predominantly regular-spiking interneurons (RSNP). Later at E15.5, the CGE produces RSNP classes distinct from those generated from the E13.5 CGE. Thus, we provide evidence that the spatial and temporal origin of interneuron precursors in the developing telencephalic eminences predicts the intrinsic physiological properties of mature interneurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon J B Butt
- Developmental Genetics Program and the Department of Cell Biology, The Skirball Institute of Biomolecular Medicine, New York University Medical Center, 540 First Avenue, New York, New York 10016, USA
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Affiliation(s)
- Gord Fishell
- The Skirball Developmental Genetics Program and, Department of Cell Biology, New York University School of Medicine, 550 1st Avenue, New York, New York 10016, USA.
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Abstract
Examination of dissociated cell cultures of rat fetal cortex revealed that mature cultures contained more neurons (identified by phase contrast morphology and tetanus toxin staining) than the number of cells initially adhering to the coverslips. Labeling with [3H]thymidine confirmed that neuronal precursors were undergoing mitosis throughout at least the first 10 days in vitro.
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42
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Kandel ER, Kriegstein A, Schacher S. Development of the central nervous system of Aplysia in terms of the differentiation of its specific identifiable cells. Neuroscience 1980; 5:2033-63. [PMID: 6258098 DOI: 10.1016/0306-4522(80)90123-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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