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Zhang X, Padhi A, Wei T, Xiong S, Yu J, Ye P, Tian W, Sun H, Peiris D, Praveen D, Tian M. Community prevalence and dyad disease pattern of multimorbidity in China and India: a systematic review. BMJ Glob Health 2022; 7:bmjgh-2022-008880. [PMID: 36113890 PMCID: PMC9486196 DOI: 10.1136/bmjgh-2022-008880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Driven by the increasing life expectancy, China and India, the two most populous countries in the world are experiencing a rising burden of multimorbidity. This study aims to explore community prevalence and dyad patterns of multimorbidity in China and India. METHODS We conducted a systematic review of five English and Chinese electronic databases. Studies involving adults 18 years or older at a community level, which reported multimorbidity prevalence and/or patterns were included. A modified Newcastle-Ottawa Scale was used for quality assessment. Despite large heterogeneity among reported studies, a systematic synthesis of the results was conducted to report the findings. RESULTS From 13 996 studies retrieved, 59 studies met the inclusion criteria (46 in China, 9 in India and 4 in both). The median prevalence of multimorbidity was 30.7% (IQR 17.1, 49.4), ranging from 1.5% to 90.5%. There was a large difference in multimorbidity prevalence between China and India, with median prevalence being 36.1% (IQR 19.6, 48.8) and 28.3% (IQR 8.9, 56.8), respectively. Among 27 studies that reported age-specific prevalence, 19 studies found multimorbidity prevalence increased with age, while 8 studies observed a paradoxical reduction in the oldest age group. Of the 34 studies that reported sex-specific prevalence, 86% (n=32) observed a higher prevalence in females. The most common multimorbidity patterns from 14 studies included hypertensive diseases combined with diabetes mellitus, arthropathies, heart diseases and metabolic disorders. All included studies were rated as fair or poor quality. CONCLUSION Multimorbidity is highly prevalent in China and India with hypertensive diseases and other comorbidities being the most observed patterns. The overall quality of the studies was low and there was a lack of representative samples in most studies. Large epidemiology studies, using a common definition of multimorbidity and national representative samples, with sex disaggregation are needed in both countries. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER CRD42020176774.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Zhang
- School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China.,The George Institute for Global Health, China, Beijing, China
| | - Asutosh Padhi
- The George Institute for Global Health, India, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Ting Wei
- The George Institute for Global Health, China, Beijing, China
| | - Shangzhi Xiong
- The George Institute for Global Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jie Yu
- The George Institute for Global Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Pengpeng Ye
- The George Institute for Global Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,National Centre for Non-Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Wenijng Tian
- School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Hongru Sun
- School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - David Peiris
- The George Institute for Global Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Devarsetty Praveen
- The George Institute for Global Health, India, Hyderabad, Telangana, India.,The George Institute for Global Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Prasanna School of Public Health, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Maoyi Tian
- School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China .,The George Institute for Global Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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Subudhi P, Patro S, Agarwal P, Khan Z, Subudhi BNR, Mekap C, Padhi A. Safety and Efficacy of a New Posterior Chamber Phakic Intraocular Lens in Cases of High Myopia: Early Results. Clin Ophthalmol 2020; 14:3681-3689. [PMID: 33162752 PMCID: PMC7642691 DOI: 10.2147/opth.s270690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To demonstrate the visual outcomes of a foldable, hydroxy ethyl-methacrylate, single-piece, posterior chamber phakic intraocular lens (pIOL). Study Type Retrospective study. Materials and Methods Patients presenting with moderate to high myopia who underwent surgical correction with a posterior chamber phakic IOL (refractive intraocular lens, phakic intraocular lens, Appasamy Associates, Chennai, India) were retrospectively reviewed. Only patients with at least one-year follow-up were included. Manifest refraction, uncorrected distance visual acuity (UDVA), corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA), endothelial cell density (ECD), and pIOL vault were analyzed 1, 3, 6, and 12 months after surgery. Intraoperative and postoperative events were recorded in all cases. Results The study included 30 eyes from 15 patients. The mean patient age was 25.8 ± 3 years. The spherical equivalent of manifest refraction was −11.47 ± 4.38 D preoperatively and −0.44 ± 0.55 D postoperatively. The preoperative CDVA was 0.17 ± 0.12 logMAR. The postoperative UDVA was 0.053 ± 0.11 logMAR (min: −0.17 and max: 0.2) and 0.019 ± 0.091 logMAR (min: −0.17 and max: 0.2) at the end of 1 month and 6 months, respectively. At the end of the 12-month visit, the postoperative UDVA was 0.032 ± 0.094, and the safety index was 2.42. The mean ECD was 2639 cells/mm2 (min: 2389 and max: 2993 with SD: 139.53) at the preoperative visit and 2445 cells/mm2 (min: 2050 and max: 2701) at the 12-month visit (5.8% loss, p less than 0.001). ECD loss from 6 months to 12 months was not statistically significant. No significant cataract formation, significant endothelial cell loss, glaucoma, uveitis, or any other vision-threatening complication were observed. Conclusion Based on postoperative experience, we found that RIL phakic IOLs are safe and effective for treating high myopia at short-term follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Praveen Subudhi
- Cornea and Refractive surgery services, Ruby Eye Hospital, Berhampur, Odisha, India.,Ophthalmology Department, Hitech Medical College, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Sweta Patro
- Cornea and Refractive surgery services, Ruby Eye Hospital, Berhampur, Odisha, India
| | | | - Zahiruddin Khan
- Ophthalmology Department, Hitech Medical College, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | | | - Chandan Mekap
- Cornea and Refractive surgery services, Ruby Eye Hospital, Berhampur, Odisha, India
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Ashwath Narayana DH, Madhusudana SN, Sampath G, Tripathy RM, Sudarshan MK, Gangaboraiah, Ravish HS, Satapathy DM, Gowda G, Holla R, Ashwin BY, Padhi A, Shamanna M, Patel PM. Safety and immunogenicity study of a new purified chick embryo cell rabies vaccine Vaxirab-N (Pitman-Moore strain) manufactured in India. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2013; 10:120-5. [PMID: 24030586 PMCID: PMC4181025 DOI: 10.4161/hv.26456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2013] [Revised: 08/28/2013] [Accepted: 09/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Zydus Cadila Health care, India developed a new purified chick embryo cell rabies vaccine (PCECV, Vaxirab-N; 1 mL) by adapting Pitman-Moore strain of virus on to the chick embryo fibroblast cell line in 2006. During 2007-10, a series of safety and immunogenicity studies were conducted as per ICH-GCP guidelines after obtaining permission from Drug Controller General of India. In the first study, Vaxirab-N was administered to 35 healthy adult volunteers by intramuscular (IM) route using pre exposure regimen. The geometric mean concentration (GMC) of rabies virus neutralizing antibody (RvnAb) of 7.5 IU/mL on day 35. In the second study, Vaxirab-N was administered to 35 healthy adult volunteers using simulated post- exposure prophylaxis regimen by IM route. A GMC of 6.3 IU/mL on day 14, 13.2 IU/mL on day 28 and 8.6 IU/mL on day 90 was obtained. In the third study, Vaxirab-N administered by intradermal (ID) route using Updated Thai Red Cross (TRC) regimen in 36 healthy adult volunteers showed GMC of 7.8 IU/mL on day 14, 11.5 IU/mL on day 28 and 6.0 IU/mL on day 90. The 4th study was multi centric and Vaxirab-N was administered to 129 animal bite cases by IM route using post-exposure Essen regimen. The GMC following this schedule was 8.2 IU/mL on day 14, 13.01 IU/mL on day 28, 7.92 IU/mL on day 90 and 3.72 IU/mL on day 180. Mild to moderate adverse events were reported to Vaxirab-N but no serious adverse events were reported in any of these studies. In conclusion, Vaxirab-N developed by Zydus Cadila was found to be safe and immunogenic by both intramuscular and intradermal route and is recommended for rabies prophylaxis (CTRI No. 2010/091/000055 and 2010/091/000509).
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Mysore Kalappa Sudarshan
- Department of Community Medicine; Kempegowda Institute of Medical Sciences (KIMS); Bangalore, India
| | - Gangaboraiah
- Department of Community Medicine; Kempegowda Institute of Medical Sciences (KIMS); Bangalore, India
| | | | | | - Giriyanna Gowda
- Department of Community Medicine; Kempegowda Institute of Medical Sciences (KIMS); Bangalore, India
| | - Ramesh Holla
- Department of Community Medicine; Kempegowda Institute of Medical Sciences (KIMS); Bangalore, India
| | - Belludi Yajman Ashwin
- Department of Neurovirology; National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS); Bangalore, India
| | - Asutosh Padhi
- Department of Community Medicine; MKCG Medical College; Berhampur, India
| | - Manjula Shamanna
- Medical Services; Zydus Cadila Health care Pvt. Ltd; Ahmedabad, India
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Patel DD, Laws KR, Padhi A, Farrow JM, Mukhopadhaya K, Krishnaiah R, Fineberg NA. The neuropsychology of the schizo-obsessive subtype of schizophrenia: a new analysis. Psychol Med 2010; 40:921-933. [PMID: 19818202 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291709991255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Interest in the neuro-cognitive profile of patients with schizophrenia and co-morbid obsessive compulsive disorder (schizo-OCD) is rising in response to reports of high co-morbidity rates. Whereas schizophrenia has been associated with global impairment in a wide range of neuro-cognitive domains, OCD is associated with specific deficits featuring impaired performance on tasks of motor and cognitive inhibition involving frontostriatal neuro-circuitry. METHOD We compared cognitive function using the CANTAB battery in patients with schizo-OCD (n=12) and a schizophrenia group without OCD symptoms (n=16). The groups were matched for IQ, gender, age, medication, and duration of illness. RESULTS The schizo-OCD patients made significantly more errors on a task of attentional set-shifting (ID-ED set-shift task). By contrast, no significant differences emerged on the Stockings of Cambridge task, the Cambridge Gamble Task or the Affective Go/NoGo tasks. No correlation emerged between ID-ED performance and severity of schizophrenia, OCD or depressive symptoms, consistent with neurocognitive impairment holding trait rather than state-marker status. Schizo-obsessives also exhibited a trend toward more motor tics emphasizing a neurological contribution to the disorder.ConclusionOur findings reveal a more severe attentional set-shifting deficit and neurological abnormality that may be fundamental to the neuro-cognitive profile of schizo-OCD. The clinical implications of these impairments merit further exploration in larger studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- D D Patel
- School of Psychology, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield AL10 9AB, UK
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