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Ingesson LC, Alper B, Peterson BJ, Vallet JC. Chapter 7: Tomography Diagnostics: Bolometry and Soft-X-Ray Detection. Fusion Science and Technology 2017. [DOI: 10.13182/fst53-528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- L. C. Ingesson
- EFDA Close Support Unit–Garching Boltzmannstr. 2, D-85748 Garching, Germany and FOM-Instituut voor Plasmafysica, Associatie Euratom-FOM P.O. Box 1207, 3430 BE Nieuwegein, The Netherlands
| | - B. Alper
- EURATOM-UKAEA Fusion Association Culham Science Centre, Abingdon, Oxon. OX14 3DB, United Kingdom
| | - B. J. Peterson
- National Institute for Fusion Science, Toki-shi, Gifu-ken 509-5292, Japan
| | - J.-C. Vallet
- Association Euratom-CEA sur la Fusion Contrôlée Centre d’Etudes de Cadarache, F-13108 Saint-Paul-lez-Durance Cedex, France
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2
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Reyes Cortes S, Alper B, Alves D, Baruzzo M, Bernardo J, Buratti P, Coelho R, Challis C, Chapman I, Hawkes N, Hender TC, Hobirk J, Joffrin E. MHD marking using the MSE polarimeter optics in ILW JET plasmas. Rev Sci Instrum 2016; 87:11E556. [PMID: 27910694 DOI: 10.1063/1.4962244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
In this communication we propose a novel diagnostic technique, which uses the collection optics of the JET Motional Stark Effect (MSE) diagnostic, to perform polarimetry marking of observed MHD in high temperature plasma regimes. To introduce the technique, first we will present measurements of the coherence between MSE polarimeter, electron cyclotron emission, and Mirnov coil signals aiming to show the feasibility of the method. The next step consists of measuring the amplitude fluctuation of the raw MSE polarimeter signals, for each MSE channel, following carefully the MHD frequency on Mirnov coil data spectrograms. A variety of experimental examples in JET ITER-Like Wall (ILW) plasmas are presented, providing an adequate picture and interpretation for the MSE optics polarimeter technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Reyes Cortes
- IPFN, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - B Alper
- CCFE, Culham Science Centre, Abingdon OX14 3DB, United Kingdom
| | - D Alves
- European Organization for Nuclear Research, CERN, F-01631CERN Cedex, France
| | - M Baruzzo
- Conzorsio RFX, Corso Stati Uniti 4, 35127 Padova, Italy
| | - J Bernardo
- IPFN, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - P Buratti
- ENEA C. R. Frascati, Via E. Fermi 45, Frascati, Italy
| | - R Coelho
- IPFN, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - C Challis
- CCFE, Culham Science Centre, Abingdon OX14 3DB, United Kingdom
| | - I Chapman
- CCFE, Culham Science Centre, Abingdon OX14 3DB, United Kingdom
| | - N Hawkes
- CCFE, Culham Science Centre, Abingdon OX14 3DB, United Kingdom
| | - T C Hender
- CCFE, Culham Science Centre, Abingdon OX14 3DB, United Kingdom
| | - J Hobirk
- Max-Planck-Institute fur Plasmaphysik, Euratom Association, 85748 Garching bei Munchen, Germany
| | - E Joffrin
- IRFM-CEA, Centre de Cadarache, 13108 Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France
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Affiliation(s)
- E J van Zuuren
- Department of Dermatology, B1-Q, Leiden University Medical Centre, PO Box 9600, 2300 RC, Leiden, the Netherlands.
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4
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Murari A, Gelfusa M, Peluso E, Gaudio P, Mazon D, Hawkes N, Point G, Alper B, Eich T. Improved equilibrium reconstructions by advanced statistical weighting of the internal magnetic measurements. Rev Sci Instrum 2014; 85:123507. [PMID: 25554293 DOI: 10.1063/1.4904450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
In a Tokamak the configuration of the magnetic fields remains the key element to improve performance and to maximise the scientific exploitation of the device. On the other hand, the quality of the reconstructed fields depends crucially on the measurements available. Traditionally in the least square minimisation phase of the algorithms, used to obtain the magnetic field topology, all the diagnostics are given the same weights, a part from a corrective factor taking into account the error bars. This assumption unduly penalises complex diagnostics, such as polarimetry, which have a limited number of highly significant measurements. A completely new method to choose the weights, to be given to the internal measurements of the magnetic fields for improved equilibrium reconstructions, is presented in this paper. The approach is based on various statistical indicators applied to the residuals, the difference between the actual measurements and their estimates from the reconstructed equilibrium. The potential of the method is exemplified using the measurements of the Faraday rotation derived from JET polarimeter. The results indicate quite clearly that the weights have to be determined carefully, since the inappropriate choice can have significant repercussions on the quality of the magnetic reconstruction both in the edge and in the core. These results confirm the limitations of the assumption that all the diagnostics have to be given the same weight, irrespective of the number of measurements they provide and the region of the plasma they probe.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Murari
- Consorzio RFX-Associazione EURATOM ENEA per la Fusione, I-35127 Padova, Italy
| | - M Gelfusa
- Associazione EURATOM-ENEA - University of Rome "Tor Vergata," Roma, Italy
| | - E Peluso
- Associazione EURATOM-ENEA - University of Rome "Tor Vergata," Roma, Italy
| | - P Gaudio
- Associazione EURATOM-ENEA - University of Rome "Tor Vergata," Roma, Italy
| | - D Mazon
- Association EURATOM-CEA, CEA Cadarache, 13108 Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France
| | - N Hawkes
- EURATOM/CCFE Fusion Association, Culham Science Centre, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 3DB, United Kingdom
| | - G Point
- Ecole Normale Supérieure de Cacahn- 61 Avenue du Président Wilson, 94230 Cachan, France
| | - B Alper
- EURATOM/CCFE Fusion Association, Culham Science Centre, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 3DB, United Kingdom
| | - T Eich
- Max-Planck-Institut für Plasmaphysik, Teilinstitut Greifswald, EURATOM Association, Wendelsteinstr.1, 17491 Greifswald, Germany
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Schmuck S, Fessey J, Gerbaud T, Alper B, Beurskens MNA, de la Luna E, Sirinelli A, Zerbini M. Electron cyclotron emission measurements on JET: Michelson interferometer, new absolute calibration, and determination of electron temperature. Rev Sci Instrum 2012; 83:125101. [PMID: 23282107 DOI: 10.1063/1.4768246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
At the fusion experiment JET, a Michelson interferometer is used to measure the spectrum of the electron cyclotron emission in the spectral range 70-500 GHz. The interferometer is absolutely calibrated using the hot/cold technique and, in consequence, the spatial profile of the plasma electron temperature is determined from the measurements. The current state of the interferometer hardware, the calibration setup, and the analysis technique for calibration and plasma operation are described. A new, full-system, absolute calibration employing continuous data acquisition has been performed recently and the calibration method and results are presented. The noise level in the measurement is very low and as a result the electron cyclotron emission spectrum and thus the spatial profile of the electron temperature are determined to within ±5% and in the most relevant region to within ±2%. The new calibration shows that the absolute response of the system has decreased by about 15% compared to that measured previously and possible reasons for this change are presented. Temperature profiles measured with the Michelson interferometer are compared with profiles measured independently using Thomson scattering diagnostics, which have also been recently refurbished and recalibrated, and agreement within experimental uncertainties is obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Schmuck
- Max-Planck-Institut fuer Plasmaphysik, Teilinsitut Greifswald, EURATOM-Assoziation, D-17491 Greifswald, Germany.
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Mlynar J, Imrisek M, Weinzettl V, Odstrcil M, Havlicek J, Janky F, Alper B, Murari A. Introducing minimum Fisher regularisation tomography to AXUV and soft x-ray diagnostic systems of the COMPASS tokamak. Rev Sci Instrum 2012; 83:10E531. [PMID: 23130804 DOI: 10.1063/1.4738648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The contribution focuses on plasma tomography via the minimum Fisher regularisation (MFR) algorithm applied on data from the recently commissioned tomographic diagnostics on the COMPASS tokamak. The MFR expertise is based on previous applications at Joint European Torus (JET), as exemplified in a new case study of the plasma position analyses based on JET soft x-ray (SXR) tomographic reconstruction. Subsequent application of the MFR algorithm on COMPASS data from cameras with absolute extreme ultraviolet (AXUV) photodiodes disclosed a peaked radiating region near the limiter. Moreover, its time evolution indicates transient plasma edge cooling following a radial plasma shift. In the SXR data, MFR demonstrated that a high resolution plasma positioning independent of the magnetic diagnostics would be possible provided that a proper calibration of the cameras on an x-ray source is undertaken.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Mlynar
- Institute of Plasma Physics AS CR, Association EURATOM-IPP.CR, Prague, Czech Republic.
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7
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Serin A, Canan H, Alper B, Gulmen. M. The frequencies of mutated alleles of CYP2D6 gene in a Turkish population. Forensic Sci Int 2012; 222:332-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2012.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2012] [Revised: 07/15/2012] [Accepted: 07/26/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Serin A, Canan H, Alper B, Kotan D. Molecular structure and genealogical characterization of the DYS458.2 allelic variants founded in Turkey population samples. Forensic Science International: Genetics Supplement Series 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fsigss.2011.08.136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Sirinelli A, Alper B, Bottereau C, Clairet F, Cupido L, Fessey J, Hogben C, Meneses L, Sandford G, Walsh MJ. Multiband reflectometry system for density profile measurement with high temporal resolution on JET tokamak. Rev Sci Instrum 2010; 81:10D939. [PMID: 21061484 DOI: 10.1063/1.3502329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
A new system has been installed on the JET tokamak consisting of six independent fast-sweeping reflectometers covering four bands between 44 and 150 GHz and using orthogonal polarizations. It has been designed to measure density profiles from the plasma edge to the center, launching microwaves through 40 m of oversized corrugated waveguides. It has routinely produced density profiles with a maximum repetition rate of one profile every 15 μs and up to 100,000 profiles per pulse.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Sirinelli
- EURATOM/CCFE Fusion Association, Culham Science Centre, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 3DB, United Kingdom.
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10
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Solano ER, Lomas PJ, Alper B, Xu GS, Andrew Y, Arnoux G, Boboc A, Barrera L, Belo P, Beurskens MNA, Brix M, Crombe K, de la Luna E, Devaux S, Eich T, Gerasimov S, Giroud C, Harting D, Howell D, Huber A, Kocsis G, Korotkov A, Lopez-Fraguas A, Nave MFF, Rachlew E, Rimini F, Saarelma S, Sirinelli A, Pinches SD, Thomsen H, Zabeo L, Zarzoso D. Observation of confined current ribbon in JET plasmas. Phys Rev Lett 2010; 104:185003. [PMID: 20482186 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.104.185003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2009] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
We report the identification of a localized current structure inside the JET plasma. It is a field-aligned closed helical ribbon, carrying current in the same direction as the background current profile (cocurrent), rotating toroidally with the ion velocity (corotating). It appears to be located at a flat spot in the plasma pressure profile, at the top of the pedestal. The structure appears spontaneously in low density, high rotation plasmas, and can last up to 1.4 s, a time comparable to a local resistive time. It considerably delays the appearance of the first edge localized mode.
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Affiliation(s)
- E R Solano
- Laboratorio Nacional de Fusión, Asociación EURATOM-CIEMAT, 28040, Madrid, Spain
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11
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Zhang R, Florman S, Devidoss S, Zarifian A, Yau CL, Paramesh A, Killackey M, Alper B, Fonseca V, Slakey D. A comparison of long-term survivals of simultaneous pancreas-kidney transplant between African American and Caucasian recipients with basiliximab induction therapy. Am J Transplant 2007; 7:1815-21. [PMID: 17524073 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-6143.2007.01857.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
African Americans (AA) have traditionally been thought to have higher immunologic risk than Caucasians (CA) for rejection and allograft loss. The impact of ethnicity on the outcome of simultaneous pancreas-kidney (SPK) transplant with basiliximab induction has not been reported. In this study, we retrospectively analyze the long-term results of 36 AA and 55 CA recipients of primary SPK. The actual patient survival rates of AA and CA groups were 91.7% vs. 90.1% at 1 year, 93.3% vs. 88.1% at 3 years, and 94.4% vs. 83.3% at 5 years. The actual kidney survival of AA and CA were 91.7% vs. 89.1% at 1 year, 90% vs. 81% at 3 years, and 83.3% vs. 75% at 5 years. The actual pancreas survival of AA and CA were 88.9% vs. 85.5% at 1 year, 83.3% vs. 78.6% at 3 years and 72.2% vs. 70.8% at 5 years. Death-censored analyses also found no difference in pancreas and kidney graft survival rates over 5 years. Higher rejection rate, but the same low CMV infection, and comparable quality of graft function were noted in AA group. AA may not have worse long-term outcomes than CA recipients of SPK with basiliximab induction and tacrolimus (TAC), mycophenolate acid (MFA) and steroid maintenance immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Zhang
- Department of Medicine, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA.
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12
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Liang Y, Koslowski HR, Thomas PR, Nardon E, Alper B, Andrew P, Andrew Y, Arnoux G, Baranov Y, Bécoulet M, Beurskens M, Biewer T, Bigi M, Crombe K, De La Luna E, de Vries P, Fundamenski W, Gerasimov S, Giroud C, Gryaznevich MP, Hawkes N, Hotchin S, Howell D, Jachmich S, Kiptily V, Moreira L, Parail V, Pinches SD, Rachlew E, Zimmermann O. Active control of type-I edge-localized modes with n=1 perturbation fields in the JET tokamak. Phys Rev Lett 2007; 98:265004. [PMID: 17678097 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.98.265004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2007] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Type-I edge-localized modes (ELMs) have been mitigated at the JET tokamak using a static external n=1 perturbation field generated by four error field correction coils located far from the plasma. During the application of the n=1 field the ELM frequency increased by a factor of 4 and the amplitude of the D(alpha) signal decreased. The energy loss per ELM normalized to the total stored energy, DeltaW/W, dropped to values below 2%. Transport analyses shows no or only a moderate (up to 20%) degradation of energy confinement time during the ELM mitigation phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Liang
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Association EURATOM-FZ Jülich, Institut für Plasmaphysik, Trilateral Euregio Cluster, D-52425 Jülich, Germany.
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Jennison M, Alper B, Dorling S, Fullard K, Horton A, Lucock R, Perry C, Thomas P. Development review of transient recorders with onboard isolation on JET. Fusion Engineering and Design 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fusengdes.2006.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Villone F, Riccardo V, Sartori F, Cenedese A, Howell D, Alper B, Beaumont P. Configuration and perturbation dependence of the Neutral Point in JET. Fusion Engineering and Design 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fusengdes.2005.06.088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Sharapov SE, Alper B, Fessey J, Hawkes NC, Young NP, Nazikian R, Kramer GJ, Borba DN, Hacquin S, De La Luna E, Pinches SD, Rapp J, Testa D. Monitoring Alfvén cascades with interferometry on the JET Tokamak. Phys Rev Lett 2004; 93:165001. [PMID: 15524995 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.93.165001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2004] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
A microwave interferometry technique is applied for the first time for detecting a discrete spectrum of Alfvén cascade (AC) eigenmodes excited with fast ions in reversed magnetic shear plasmas of the Joint European Torus. The interferometry measurements of plasma density perturbations associated with ACs show an unprecedented frequency and time resolution superior to that obtained with external magnetic coils. The measurements of ACs are used for monitoring the evolution of the safety factor and density of rational magnetic surfaces in the region of maximum plasma current.
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Affiliation(s)
- S E Sharapov
- Euratom/UKAEA Fusion Association, Culham Science Centre, Abingdon OX14 3DB, United Kingdom
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Mantsinen MJ, Ingesson LC, Johnson T, Kiptily VG, Mayoral ML, Sharapov SE, Alper B, Bertalot L, Conroy S, Eriksson LG, Hellsten T, Noterdaeme JM, Popovichev S, Righi E, Tuccillo AA. Controlling the profile of ion-cyclotron-resonant ions in JET with the wave-induced pinch effect. Phys Rev Lett 2002; 89:115004. [PMID: 12225145 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.89.115004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2002] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Experiments on the JET tokamak show that the wave-induced pinch in the presence of toroidally asymmetric waves can provide a tool for controlling the profile of ion-cyclotron-resonant 3He ions. Direct evidence for the wave-induced pinch has been obtained from the measured gamma-ray emission profiles. Concurrent differences in the excitation of Alfvén eigenmodes (AEs), sawtooth stabilization, electron temperatures, and fast-ion stored energies are observed. The measured location of the AEs and gamma-ray emission profiles are consistent with the fast-ion radial gradient providing the drive for AEs.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Mantsinen
- Association Euratom-Tekes, Helsinki University of Technology, Finland
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Sauter O, Westerhof E, Mayoral ML, Alper B, Belo PA, Buttery RJ, Gondhalekar A, Hellsten T, Hender TC, Howell DF, Johnson T, Lamalle P, Mantsinen MJ, Milani F, Nave MFF, Nguyen F, Pecquet AL, Pinches SD, Podda S, Rapp J. Control of neoclassical tearing modes by sawtooth control. Phys Rev Lett 2002; 88:105001. [PMID: 11909362 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.88.105001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2001] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The onset of a neoclassical tearing mode (NTM) depends on the existence of a large enough seed island. It is shown in the Joint European Torus that NTMs can be readily destabilized by long-period sawteeth, such as obtained by sawtooth stabilization from ion-cyclotron heating or current drive. This has important implications for burning plasma scenarios, as alpha particles strongly stabilize the sawteeth. It is also shown that, by adding heating and current drive just outside the inversion radius, sawteeth are destabilized, resulting in shorter sawtooth periods and larger beta values being obtained without NTMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Sauter
- Centre de Recherches en Physique des Plasmas, Ass. EURATOM-Confédération Suisse, EPFL, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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18
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Mantsinen MJ, Mayoral ML, Kiptily VG, Sharapov SE, Alper B, Bickley A, de Baar M, Eriksson LG, Gondhalekar A, Hellsten T, Lawson K, Nguyen F, Noterdaeme JM, Righi E, Tuccillo AA, Zerbini M. Alpha-tail production with ion-cyclotron-resonance heating of 4He-beam ions in JET plasmas. Phys Rev Lett 2002; 88:105002. [PMID: 11909363 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.88.105002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2001] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Third-harmonic ion-cyclotron-resonance heating of 4He-beam ions has produced for the first time on the JET tokamak high-energy populations of 4He ions to simulate 3.5 MeV fusion-born alpha (alpha) particles. Acceleration of 4He ions to the MeV energy range is confirmed by gamma-ray emission from the nuclear reaction 9Be(alpha,ngamma) 12C and excitation of Alfvén eigenmodes. Concomitant electron heating and sawtooth stabilization are observed. The scheme could be used in next-step tokamaks to gain information on trapped alpha particles and to test alpha diagnostics in the early nonactivated phase of operation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Mantsinen
- Helsinki University of Technology, Association Euratom-Tekes, Finland
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Abstract
The pregnant woman is susceptible to a variety of respiratory complications. When a pregnant patient presents with an abnormal chest x-ray or a pulmonary complaint, an understanding of the pathophysiology of pregnancy will guide the clinician in establishing a diagnosis. Pregnancy brings about many changes to a woman's body. One of the more intriguing is a decrease in the T helper cells, resulting in a state of relative immunosuppression. Despite this, the prevalence of infectious pneumonia is not increased in pregnancy. Complications from pneumonia, however, are increased in the pregnant host. Most notably are increases in both mortality related to influenza infection and the risk for dissemination of coccidioidomycosis. Other physiologic changes predispose the pregnant woman to certain disease processes. Hypercoagulability associated with pregnancy results in a marked increase in the incidence of thromboembolic disease. Although rare, pregnancy is also associated with other embolic phenomena including amniotic fluid embolism, air embolism, and trophoblastic embolism. Because of the increases in intravascular volume and cardiac output that occur in pregnancy, women with underlying structural heart disease will frequently present for the first time or have an exacerbation of their disease. This is especially true of mitral stenosis. Peripartum cardiomyopathy also can occur, and for the majority of patients, the heart remains damaged for life. Finally, although uncommon, lymphangioleiomyomatosis will often present or become exacerbated during pregnancy. Patients with this disorder need to be counseled concerning the increased risk associated with pregnancy. This paper reviews the various respiratory complications associated with pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Ie
- Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
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Abstract
Numerous mechanical, biochemical, and immunologic changes occur during pregnancy. Because of these changes, pregnant women are more susceptible to infection, thromboembolic disease, exacerbation of underlying immunologic disease, and heart failure than women who are not pregnant. The differential diagnosis of diffuse pulmonary infiltrates in a pregnant woman is broad; thus, the work-up can be very challenging. If the patient fails to respond to conservative measures, such as antibiotics, the cause of the infiltrate must be aggressively evaluated because the treatment may be essential for the survival of the mother and fetus. We report a case of a pregnant woman who presented with diffuse bilateral infiltrates. After video-assisted thoracoscopic lung biopsy, this patient was found to have respiratory bronchiolitis, a disease not previously reported during pregnancy. Treatment with glucocorticoids resulted in a prompt improvement in symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Ie
- Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
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Conway GD, Borba DN, Alper B, Bartlett DV, Gormezano C, Maas AC, Parail VV, Smeulders P, Zastrow KD. Suppression of plasma turbulence during optimized shear configurations in JET. Phys Rev Lett 2000; 84:1463-1466. [PMID: 11017543 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.84.1463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/1999] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Correlation of density turbulence suppression and reduced plasma transport is observed in the internal transport barrier (ITB) region of JET tokamak discharges with optimized magnetic shear. The suppression occurs in two stages. First, low frequency turbulence and ion transport are reduced across the plasma core by a toroidal velocity shear generated by intense auxiliary heating. Then with the ITB formation, high frequency turbulence and electron transport are reduced locally within the steep pressure gradient region of the ITB.
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Affiliation(s)
- GD Conway
- JET Joint Undertaking, Abingdon, Oxfordshire OX14 3EA, United Kingdom
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22
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Abstract
The allele distribution of two STRs has been investigated in two populations, i.e. Turks (n = 203/200) and Germans (n = 414/402). The Turkish population showed 11 alleles in HumFES/FPS and 6 alleles in HumF13B while the German population had 9 (FES) and 8 (F13B) alleles respectively. Although the frequency profiles looked quite similar in both populations, there exist significant differences mainly due to alleles 8 and 10 (F13B) and allele 12 (FES). Four variant alleles have been sequenced and are described. Investigation of 368 (FES)/372 (F13B) meioses revealed no new mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Alper
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Medical Faculty of Cukurova University, Adana, Turkey
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23
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Abstract
Population genetic studies were carried out on Caucasians from southern Turkey (n = 204 individuals) using the short tandem repeat (STR) systems HumTHO1, HumVWA and HumACTBP2. After electrophoresis in polyacrylamide gels, 6 alleles could be identified for HumTHOI, 7 alleles for VWA and 26 alleles for ACTBP2. No significant deviations from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium could be observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Alper
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Medical Faculty of Cukurova University, Adana, Turkey
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24
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Salaçin S, Alper B, Cekin N, Gülmen MK. Bochdalek hernia in adulthood: a review and an autopsy case report. J Forensic Sci 1994; 39:1112-6. [PMID: 8064271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Bochdalek hernia is rare in adulthood with fewer than 100 cases having been reported in the world literature. We present a delayed case of Bochdalek hernia in an adult leading to sudden death, first diagnosed at medicolegal autopsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Salaçin
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Cukurova Medical Faculty
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25
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Abstract
A patient had extensive retroperitoneal actinomycosis with renal and vertebral involvement. Abdominal computed tomography was invaluable in defining the extent of the disease and in assessing the effects of therapy. A cure was accomplished with a prolonged course of oral penicillin and probenecid, and surgical exploration was avoided.
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26
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Bewtra A, Nair N, Alper B, Townley R. The effect of prazosin on cold air hyperventilation challenges (CAHC). J Allergy Clin Immunol 1982. [DOI: 10.1016/s0091-6749(62)80522-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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27
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Alper B, Townley R, Bewtra A. Comparison of cold air hyperventilation challenges (CAHC) and methacholine inhalation challenges (MIC) in asthmatics. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1982. [DOI: 10.1016/s0091-6749(62)80333-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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28
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Scinto J, Alper B, Bewtra A, Nair N, Dudding B, Townley R. Comparison of asthmatics and non-asthmatics with methacholine sensitive airways. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1982. [DOI: 10.1016/s0091-6749(62)80336-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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29
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Daum C, Hertzberger L, Hoogland W, Jongerius R, Peters S, Deurzen P, Chabaud V, Gonzalez-Arroyo A, Hyams B, Tiecke H, Weilhammer P, Dwurazny A, Polok G, Rozanska M, Rybicki K, Turala M, Turnau J, Ascoli G, Backer H, Blanar G, Cerrada M, Dietl H, Gallivan J, Glaubmann M, Klanner R, Lorenz E, L�tjens G, Lutz G, M�nner W, Stierlin U, Blakey I, Bowler M, Cashmore R, Loken J, Spalding W, Thompson G, Alper B, Damerell C, Gillman A, Hardwick C, Hotchkiss M, Wickens F. Study of the charge-exchange reactions $$\pi ^ - p \to (\pi ^0 ,\eta ,\eta \prime )n$$ at 63 GeV. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1981. [DOI: 10.1007/bf01547872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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