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Chen Q, Gu Y, Tan C, Sundararajan B, Li Z, Wang D, Zhou Z. Comparative effects of five polymethoxyflavones purified from Citrus tangerina on inflammation and cancer. Front Nutr 2022; 9:963662. [PMID: 36159482 PMCID: PMC9493082 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.963662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the Citrus tangerina cultivar “Dahongpao” (CTD) has been established as a rich source of polymethoxyflavones (PMFs) with anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer properties, their individual effects on cellular signaling remain to be elucidated. In this study, five major PMFs from the peel of CTD were isolated, including sinensetin, tetramethyl-O-scutellarin (5,6,7,4′-tetramethoxyflavone), nobiletin (5,6,7,8,3′, 4′-hexamethoxyflavone), tangeretin (5,6,7,8,4′-pentamethoxyflavone), and 5-demethylnobiletin (5-OH-6,7,8,3′,4′-pentamethoxyflavone). These PMFs were found to significantly (p < 0.05) inhibit the production of NO and biomarkers of chronic inflammation (TNF-α and IL-6). Additionally, they effectively suppressed mRNA biomarkers of acute inflammation (Cox-2 and iNOS), and to varying degrees promoted the activation of anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-4, IL-13, TNF-β, and IL-10). Among the five PMFs, tangeretin was found to have a considerable anti-proliferative effect on tumor cell lines (PC-3 and DU145) and synergistically enhanced the cytotoxicity of mitoxantrone, partially via activation of the PTEN/AKT pathway. The findings of this study provide valuable insights into the activity of different PMF monomers and advance the understanding of the roles of PMFs in promoting apoptotic and anti-cancer effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiyang Chen
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, China
| | - Yue Gu
- Key Laboratory of Horticulture Science for Southern Mountainous Regions of Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Chun Tan
- Key Laboratory of Horticulture Science for Southern Mountainous Regions of Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Balasubramani Sundararajan
- Key Laboratory of Horticulture Science for Southern Mountainous Regions of Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhenqing Li
- Key Laboratory of Horticulture Science for Southern Mountainous Regions of Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Dan Wang
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, China
- *Correspondence: Dan Wang
| | - Zhiqin Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Horticulture Science for Southern Mountainous Regions of Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- The Southwest Institute of Fruits Nutrition, Chongqing, China
- Zhiqin Zhou
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Sundararajan B, Sathishkumar G, Seetharaman PK, Moola AK, Duraisamy SM, Mutayran AASB, Seshadri VD, Thomas A, Ranjitha Kumari BD, Sivaramakrishnan S, Kweka EJ, Zhou Z. Biosynthesized Gold Nanoparticles Integrated Ointment Base for Repellent Activity Against Aedes aegypti L. Neotrop Entomol 2022; 51:151-159. [PMID: 34822111 DOI: 10.1007/s13744-021-00920-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The present study focused on preparing a nano-ointment base integrated with biogenic gold nanoparticles from Artemisia vulgaris L. leaf extract. As prepared, nano-ointment was characterized by using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, and the morphology of the nano-ointment was confirmed through a scanning electron microscope. Initially, the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide results showed nano-ointment cytocompatibility at different concentrations (20-200 μg/mL) against L929 cells. The in vitro hemolysis assay also revealed that the nano-ointment is biocompatible. Further studies confirmed that nano-ointment has repellent activity with various concentrations (12.5, 25, 50, 75, and 100 ppm). At 100 ppm concentration, the highest repellent activity was observed at 60-min protection time against the Aedes aegypti L. female mosquitoes. The results indicated that the increasing concentration of nano-ointment prolongs the protection time. Moreover, the outcome of this study provides an alternative nano-ointment to synthetic repellent and insecticides after successful clinical trials. It could be an eco-friendly, safer nano-bio repellent, which can protect from dengue fever mosquitoes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balasubramani Sundararajan
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China.
| | | | | | - Anil Kumar Moola
- Dept of Biotechnology, Aditya Degree and PG College, Kakinada, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | | | | | | | - Adelina Thomas
- School of Pharmacy, Catholic University of Health and Allied Sciences, Mwanza, Tanzania
| | | | | | - Eliningaya J Kweka
- Division of Livestock and Human Diseases Vector Control, Mosquito Section, Tropical Pesticides Research Institute, Arusha, Tanzania
- Dept of Medical Parasitology and Entomology, School of Medicine, Catholic University of Health and Allied Sciences, Mwanza, Tanzania
| | - Zhiqin Zhou
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China.
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Chen Q, Wang D, Tan C, Hu Y, Sundararajan B, Zhou Z. Profiling of Flavonoid and Antioxidant Activity of Fruit Tissues from 27 Chinese Local Citrus Cultivars. Plants (Basel) 2020; 9:E196. [PMID: 32033423 PMCID: PMC7076682 DOI: 10.3390/plants9020196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2020] [Revised: 02/02/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Flavonoid profile and antioxidant activity of citrus peels, pulps, and juices from 27 local citrus cultivars in China were investigated. Flavonoid composition and content were determined using UPLC-PDA. Total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC) were measured using a Folin-Ciocalteau reagent and Al(NO3)-NaNO2 complexometry, respectively. The antioxidant capacities of the extracts were evaluated by DPPH, ABTS and FRAP method, respectively. Citrus peel not only exhibited better antioxidant potential, but also presented more composition diversity and contained higher concentrations of flavonoids than pulp and juice. Different citrus species were characterized by their individual predominant flavonoids, contributing largely to the antioxidant activity, such as mandarin was characterized by hesperidin, nobiletin and tangeretin, while pummelo and papeda were characterized by naringin. The peel of Guihuadinanfeng (Citrus reticulata) had the highest TPC of 23.46 mg equivalent gallic acid/g DW (dry weight) and TFC of 21.37 mg equivalent rutin/g DW. Shiyueju (C. reticulata) peel showed the highest antioxidant capacity based on the antioxidant potency composite (APC) analysis. Overall, mandarin (C. reticulata) fruits peel contained more TPC and TFC, exhibiting higher antioxidant capacities than other species, and were good natural sources of flavonoids and antioxidants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiyang Chen
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China; (Q.C.); (D.W.); (C.T.); (Y.H.); (B.S.)
| | - Dan Wang
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China; (Q.C.); (D.W.); (C.T.); (Y.H.); (B.S.)
| | - Chun Tan
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China; (Q.C.); (D.W.); (C.T.); (Y.H.); (B.S.)
| | - Yan Hu
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China; (Q.C.); (D.W.); (C.T.); (Y.H.); (B.S.)
| | - Balasubramani Sundararajan
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China; (Q.C.); (D.W.); (C.T.); (Y.H.); (B.S.)
| | - Zhiqin Zhou
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China; (Q.C.); (D.W.); (C.T.); (Y.H.); (B.S.)
- The Southwest Institute of Fruits Nutrition, Liang jiang New District, Chongqing 401121, China
- Key Laboratory of Horticulture Science for Southern Mountainous Regions, Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400715, China
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Zhang W, Chen T, Tang J, Sundararajan B, Zhou Z. Tracing the production area of citrus fruits using aroma-active compounds and their quality evaluation models. J Sci Food Agric 2020; 100:517-526. [PMID: 31512252 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.10026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 09/07/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aroma is one of the most important aspects of fruit quality and can reflect the characteristics of different fruits. Aroma-active compounds can usefully be employed to trace the production areas of two citrus cultivars ('Eureka' lemon and 'Huapi' kumquat) and to evaluate their aroma quality. RESULTS 'Huapi' kumquat peel displayed higher monoterpene and sesquiterpene compound content, whereas 'Eureka' lemon peel exhibited higher monoterpene and monoterpene aldehyde compound content. 'Eureka' lemon peel ('Wanzhou' cultivar) had higher nerol acetate and geraniol acetate compound content. Kumquat peel ('Suichuan' and 'Rongan' cultivars) had higher sesquiterpene content. In addition, 30 and 31 aroma-active compounds were observed in kumquat and lemon, respectively, based on their odor activity values. Principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical clustering analysis (HCA) results indicated that classification for production areas based on aroma-active compounds was useful. The selected aroma-active compounds have been checked as aroma quality parameters that could be used with multivariate analysis to establish a model of aroma quality evaluation. Higher aroma quality values from kumquat and lemon were collected from Rongan and Wanzhou cultivars, respectively. CONCLUSION Aroma-active compounds can be used to discriminate production areas using multivariate statistics. An objective method was established to evaluate the aroma quality of citrus fruits. 'Huapi' kumquat and 'Eureka' lemon, which had the highest aroma quality, was harvested from the Rongan and Wanzhou production areas. This was the first time that the aroma quality of citrus fruits was evaluated using multivariate analysis. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenlin Zhang
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Economic Plant Biotechnology, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Special Plant Industry in Chongqing, Institute of Special Plants, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Chongqing, China
| | - Tingting Chen
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jianmin Tang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Economic Plant Biotechnology, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Special Plant Industry in Chongqing, Institute of Special Plants, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Chongqing, China
| | | | - Zhiqin Zhou
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- The Southwest Institute of Fruits Nutrition, Chongqing, China
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Janani C, Sundararajan B, Kumari BR. Construction and transformation of peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma (RnPPARγ) gene using Agrobacterium tumefaciens into Glycine max L. Merr. Gene Reports 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.genrep.2019.100427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Sundararajan B, Ranjitha Kumari BD. Novel synthesis of gold nanoparticles using Artemisia vulgaris L. leaf extract and their efficacy of larvicidal activity against dengue fever vector Aedes aegypti L. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2017; 43:187-196. [PMID: 28341392 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2017.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2016] [Revised: 03/09/2017] [Accepted: 03/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The Aedes aegypti L. mosquito transmits dengue and yellow fever, which cause millions of death every year. Dengue is a mosquito-borne viral disease that has rapidly spread worldwide particularly in countries with tropical and subtropical climates areas. The present study denotes a simple and eco-friendly biosynthesis of gold nanoparticles using Artemisia vulgaris L. leaf extract as reducing agent. The synthesized gold nanoparticles were characterized by UV-Visible Spectroscopy, X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR), Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS), Zeta Potential (ZP), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) and Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDX). Solid state 13C NMR was utilized to confirm the presence of larvicidal compound Beta caryophyllene in the synthesized AuNPs. Larvicidal activity of the synthesized AuNPs was measured against A. aegypti over 12 and 24h exposure periods and compared with essential oil in various concentrations (25ppm, 50ppm, 100ppm, 200ppm and 400ppm). After a 12h exposure period, the larvicidal activity of 3rd instar larva by AuNPs showed LC50=156.55ppm and LC90=2506.21ppm, while and essential oil displayed LC50=128.99ppm and LC90=1477.08ppm. Larvicidal activity of 4th instar larva by AuNPs showed LC50=97.90ppm and LC90=1677.36ppm, while essential oil displayed LC50=136.15ppm and LC90=2223.55ppm. After a 24h of exposure period, larvicidal activity of 3rd instar larva by AuNPs showed LC50=62.47ppm and LC90=430.16ppm and essential oil showed LC50=111.15ppm and LC90=1441.51ppm. The larvicidal activity of 4th instar larva and AuNPs displayed LC50=43.01ppm and LC90=376.70ppm and for essential oil LC50=74.42ppm, LC90=858.36ppm. Histopathology of A. aegypti with AuNPs for 3rdand 4th stage larvae after 24h exposure at the highest mortality concentration (400ppm) showed that the area of the midgut, epithelial cells and cortex were highly affected. The present findings demonstrate that the biosynthesis of AuNPs using A. vulgaris leaf extracts could be an eco-friendly, safer nanobiopesticide and treatment against A. aegypti which could be used to combat of dengue fever.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Sundararajan
- Department of Plant Science, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, 620 024, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - B D Ranjitha Kumari
- Department of Plant Science, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, 620 024, Tamil Nadu, India.
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