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Sundararajan B, Sathishkumar G, Seetharaman PK, Moola AK, Duraisamy SM, Mutayran AASB, Seshadri VD, Thomas A, Ranjitha Kumari BD, Sivaramakrishnan S, Kweka EJ, Zhou Z. Biosynthesized Gold Nanoparticles Integrated Ointment Base for Repellent Activity Against Aedes aegypti L. Neotrop Entomol 2022; 51:151-159. [PMID: 34822111 DOI: 10.1007/s13744-021-00920-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The present study focused on preparing a nano-ointment base integrated with biogenic gold nanoparticles from Artemisia vulgaris L. leaf extract. As prepared, nano-ointment was characterized by using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, and the morphology of the nano-ointment was confirmed through a scanning electron microscope. Initially, the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide results showed nano-ointment cytocompatibility at different concentrations (20-200 μg/mL) against L929 cells. The in vitro hemolysis assay also revealed that the nano-ointment is biocompatible. Further studies confirmed that nano-ointment has repellent activity with various concentrations (12.5, 25, 50, 75, and 100 ppm). At 100 ppm concentration, the highest repellent activity was observed at 60-min protection time against the Aedes aegypti L. female mosquitoes. The results indicated that the increasing concentration of nano-ointment prolongs the protection time. Moreover, the outcome of this study provides an alternative nano-ointment to synthetic repellent and insecticides after successful clinical trials. It could be an eco-friendly, safer nano-bio repellent, which can protect from dengue fever mosquitoes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balasubramani Sundararajan
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China.
| | | | | | - Anil Kumar Moola
- Dept of Biotechnology, Aditya Degree and PG College, Kakinada, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | | | | | | | - Adelina Thomas
- School of Pharmacy, Catholic University of Health and Allied Sciences, Mwanza, Tanzania
| | | | | | - Eliningaya J Kweka
- Division of Livestock and Human Diseases Vector Control, Mosquito Section, Tropical Pesticides Research Institute, Arusha, Tanzania
- Dept of Medical Parasitology and Entomology, School of Medicine, Catholic University of Health and Allied Sciences, Mwanza, Tanzania
| | - Zhiqin Zhou
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China.
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