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Yan R, Xie R, Xie W, Shen C, Li W, Balke B, Yoon S, Zhang H, Weidenkaff A. Effects of Doping Ni on the Microstructures and Thermoelectric Properties of Co-Excessive NbCoSn Half-Heusler Compounds. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2021; 13:34533-34542. [PMID: 34279070 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c08127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The half-Heusler (HH) compound NbCoSn with 18 valence electrons is a promising thermoelectric (TE) material due to its appropriate electrical properties as well as its suitable thermal and chemical stability. Nowadays, doping/substitution and tailoring of microstructures are common experimental approaches to enhance the TE performance of HH compounds. However, detailed theoretical insights into the effects of doping on the microstructures and TE properties are still missing. In this work, the microstructure of NbCoSn was tailored through precipitating the full-Heusler phases in the matrix by changing the nominal ratio of Co and Ni on the Co sites, focusing on the resulting TE properties. Further, first-principles calculations were employed to understand the relationship between the microstructure and the TE properties from the thermodynamic point of view. Detailed analysis of the electronic structure reveals that the presence of excess Co/Ni contributes to the increasing carrier concentration. Through an increase in the electrical conductivity and a reduction in the thermal conductivity, the TE performance is improved. Therefore, the present work offers a new pathway and insights to enhance the TE properties by modifying the microstructure of HH compounds via tailoring the chemical compositions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruijuan Yan
- Department of Materials Science, Technical University of Darmstadt, Darmstadt 64287, Germany
| | - Ruiwen Xie
- Department of Materials Science, Technical University of Darmstadt, Darmstadt 64287, Germany
| | - Wenjie Xie
- Department of Materials Science, Technical University of Darmstadt, Darmstadt 64287, Germany
| | - Chen Shen
- Department of Materials Science, Technical University of Darmstadt, Darmstadt 64287, Germany
| | - Wei Li
- Applied Materials Physics, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm SE-100 44, Sweden
| | - Benjamin Balke
- Fraunhofer Research Institution for Materials Recycling and Resource Strategies IWKS, Hanau 63457, Germany
| | - Songhak Yoon
- Fraunhofer Research Institution for Materials Recycling and Resource Strategies IWKS, Hanau 63457, Germany
| | - Hongbin Zhang
- Department of Materials Science, Technical University of Darmstadt, Darmstadt 64287, Germany
| | - Anke Weidenkaff
- Department of Materials Science, Technical University of Darmstadt, Darmstadt 64287, Germany
- Fraunhofer Research Institution for Materials Recycling and Resource Strategies IWKS, Hanau 63457, Germany
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2
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Rosenburg F, Balke B, Nicoloso N, Riedel R, Ionescu E. Effect of the Content and Ordering of the sp 2 Free Carbon Phase on the Charge Carrier Transport in Polymer-Derived Silicon Oxycarbides. Molecules 2020; 25:E5919. [PMID: 33327541 PMCID: PMC7765033 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25245919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The present work elaborates on the correlation between the amount and ordering of the free carbon phase in silicon oxycarbides and their charge carrier transport behavior. Thus, silicon oxycarbides possessing free carbon contents from 0 to ca. 58 vol.% (SiOC/C) were synthesized and exposed to temperatures from 1100 to 1800 °C. The prepared samples were extensively analyzed concerning the thermal evolution of the sp2 carbon phase by means of Raman spectroscopy. Additionally, electrical conductivity and Hall measurements were performed and correlated with the structural information obtained from the Raman spectroscopic investigation. It is shown that the percolation threshold in SiOC/C samples depends on the temperature of their thermal treatment, varying from ca. 20 vol.% in the samples prepared at 1100 °C to ca. 6 vol.% for the samples annealed at 1600 °C. Moreover, three different conduction regimes are identified in SiOC/C, depending on its sp2 carbon content: (i) at low carbon contents (i.e., <1 vol.%), the silicon oxycarbide glassy matrix dominates the charge carrier transport, which exhibits an activation energy of ca. 1 eV and occurs within localized states, presumably dangling bonds; (ii) near the percolation threshold, tunneling or hopping of charge carriers between spatially separated sp2 carbon precipitates appear to be responsible for the electrical conductivity; (iii) whereas above the percolation threshold, the charge carrier transport is only weakly activated (Ea = 0.03 eV) and is realized through the (continuous) carbon phase. Hall measurements on SiOC/C samples above the percolation threshold indicate p-type carriers mainly contributing to conduction. Their density is shown to vary with the sp2 carbon content in the range from 1014 to 1019 cm-3; whereas their mobility (ca. 3 cm2/V) seems to not depend on the sp2 carbon content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Rosenburg
- Institut für Material- und Geowissenschaften, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Otto-Berndt-Straße 3, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany; (F.R.); (N.N.); (R.R.)
| | - Benjamin Balke
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie und Analytische Chemie, Johannes-Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128 Mainz, Germany;
- Fraunhofer Research Institution for Materials Recycling and Resource Strategies IWKS, Rodenbacher Chaussee 4, 63457 Hanau, Germany
| | - Norbert Nicoloso
- Institut für Material- und Geowissenschaften, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Otto-Berndt-Straße 3, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany; (F.R.); (N.N.); (R.R.)
| | - Ralf Riedel
- Institut für Material- und Geowissenschaften, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Otto-Berndt-Straße 3, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany; (F.R.); (N.N.); (R.R.)
| | - Emanuel Ionescu
- Institut für Material- und Geowissenschaften, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Otto-Berndt-Straße 3, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany; (F.R.); (N.N.); (R.R.)
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3
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Yan R, Xie W, Balke B, Chen G, Weidenkaff A. Realizing p-type NbCoSn half-Heusler compounds with enhanced thermoelectric performance via Sc substitution. Sci Technol Adv Mater 2020; 21:122-130. [PMID: 32165991 PMCID: PMC7054941 DOI: 10.1080/14686996.2020.1726715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2019] [Revised: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
N-type half-Heusler NbCoSn is a promising thermoelectric material due to favourable electronic properties. It has attracted much attention for thermoelectric applications while the desired p-type NbCoSn counterpart shows poor thermoelectric performance. In this work, p-type NbCoSn has been obtained using Sc substitution at the Nb site, and their thermoelectric properties were investigated. Of all samples, Nb0.95Sc0.05CoSn compound shows a maximum power factor of 0.54 mW/mK2 which is the highest among the previously reported values of p-type NbCoSn. With the suppression of thermal conductivity, p-type Nb0.95Sc0.05CoSn compound shows the highest measured figure of merit ZT = 0.13 at 879 K.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruijuan Yan
- Department of Materials Science, Technical University of Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Wenjie Xie
- Department of Materials Science, Technical University of Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Benjamin Balke
- Fraunhofer Research Institution for Materials Recycling and Resource Strategies IWKS, Alzenau, Germany
| | - Guoxing Chen
- Department of Materials Science, Technical University of Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Anke Weidenkaff
- Department of Materials Science, Technical University of Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
- Fraunhofer Research Institution for Materials Recycling and Resource Strategies IWKS, Alzenau, Germany
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4
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Gharavi MA, Greczynski G, Eriksson F, Lu J, Balke B, Fournier D, le Febvrier A, Pallier C, Eklund P. Synthesis and characterization of single-phase epitaxial Cr 2N thin films by reactive magnetron sputtering. J Mater Sci 2018; 54:1434-1442. [PMID: 30930478 PMCID: PMC6411273 DOI: 10.1007/s10853-018-2914-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2018] [Accepted: 09/08/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Cr2N is commonly found as a minority phase or inclusion in stainless steel, CrN-based hard coatings, etc. However, studies on phase-pure material for characterization of fundamental properties are limited. Here, Cr2N thin films were deposited by reactive magnetron sputtering onto (0001) sapphire substrates. X-ray diffraction and pole figure texture analysis show Cr2N (0001) epitaxial growth. Scanning electron microscopy imaging shows a smooth surface, while transmission electron microscopy and X-ray reflectivity show a uniform and dense film with a density of 6.6 g cm-3, which is comparable to theoretical bulk values. Annealing the films in air at 400 °C for 96 h shows little signs of oxidation. Nano-indentation shows an elastic-plastic behavior with H = 18.9 GPa and E r = 265 GPa. The moderate thermal conductivity is 12 W m-1 K-1, and the electrical resistivity is 70 μΩ cm. This combination of properties means that Cr2N may be of interest in applications such as protective coatings, diffusion barriers, capping layers and contact materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. A. Gharavi
- Thin Film Physics Division, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology (IFM), Linköping University, 581 83 Linköping, Sweden
| | - G. Greczynski
- Thin Film Physics Division, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology (IFM), Linköping University, 581 83 Linköping, Sweden
| | - F. Eriksson
- Thin Film Physics Division, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology (IFM), Linköping University, 581 83 Linköping, Sweden
| | - J. Lu
- Thin Film Physics Division, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology (IFM), Linköping University, 581 83 Linköping, Sweden
| | - B. Balke
- Universität Stuttgart, Institut für Materialwissenschaft - Chemische Materialsynthese, Heisenbergstr. 3, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - D. Fournier
- UMR 7588, Institut des NanoSciences de Paris, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, 4 Place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France
| | - A. le Febvrier
- Thin Film Physics Division, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology (IFM), Linköping University, 581 83 Linköping, Sweden
| | - C. Pallier
- Thin Film Physics Division, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology (IFM), Linköping University, 581 83 Linköping, Sweden
| | - P. Eklund
- Thin Film Physics Division, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology (IFM), Linköping University, 581 83 Linköping, Sweden
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5
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Castegnaro MV, Paschoalino WJ, Fernandes MR, Balke B, M Alves MC, Ticianelli EA, Morais J. Pd-M/C (M = Pd, Cu, Pt) Electrocatalysts for Oxygen Reduction Reaction in Alkaline Medium: Correlating the Electronic Structure with Activity. Langmuir 2017; 33:2734-2743. [PMID: 28241113 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.7b00098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The increasing global needs for clean and renewable energy have fostered the design of new and highly efficient materials for fuel cells applications. In this work, Pd-M (M = Pd, Cu, Pt) and Pt nanoparticles were prepared by a green synthesis method. The carbon-supported nanoparticles were evaluated as electrocatalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in alkaline medium. A comprehensive electronic and structural characterization of these materials was achieved using X-ray diffraction, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and X-ray absorption spectroscopy. Their electrochemical properties were investigated by cyclic voltammetry, while their activities for the ORR were characterized using steady-state polarization experiments. The results revealed that the bimetallic nanoparticles consist of highly crystalline nanoalloys with size around 5 nm, in which the charge transfer involving Pd and M atoms affects the activity of the electrocatalysts. Additionally, the samples with higher ORR activity are those whose d-band center is closer to the Fermi level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus V Castegnaro
- Electron Spectroscopy Lab (LEe-), Instituto de Física, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS) , Avenida Bento Gonçalves, 9500, 91501-970 Porto Alegre, RS Brazil
| | | | - Mauro R Fernandes
- Instituto de Química de São Carlos (USP) , 13560-970 São Carlos, SP Brazil
| | - Benjamin Balke
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität , 55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - Maria C M Alves
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS) , Avenida Bento Gonçalves, 9500, 91501-970 Porto Alegre, RS Brazil
| | - Edson A Ticianelli
- Instituto de Química de São Carlos (USP) , 13560-970 São Carlos, SP Brazil
| | - Jonder Morais
- Electron Spectroscopy Lab (LEe-), Instituto de Física, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS) , Avenida Bento Gonçalves, 9500, 91501-970 Porto Alegre, RS Brazil
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6
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Berry T, Ouardi S, Fecher GH, Balke B, Kreiner G, Auffermann G, Schnelle W, Felser C. Improving thermoelectric performance of TiNiSn by mixing MnNiSb in the half-Heusler structure. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2017; 19:1543-1550. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cp06859f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We synthesized a Ti1−xMnxNiSn1−xSbx system which is a promising thermoelectric material over the substitution range of x = 0.01–0.05.
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Affiliation(s)
- T. Berry
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Physics of Solids
- 01187 Dresden
- Germany
| | - S. Ouardi
- Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz
- 55128 Mainz
- Germany
| | - G. H. Fecher
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Physics of Solids
- 01187 Dresden
- Germany
| | - B. Balke
- Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz
- 55128 Mainz
- Germany
| | - G. Kreiner
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Physics of Solids
- 01187 Dresden
- Germany
| | - G. Auffermann
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Physics of Solids
- 01187 Dresden
- Germany
| | - W. Schnelle
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Physics of Solids
- 01187 Dresden
- Germany
| | - C. Felser
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Physics of Solids
- 01187 Dresden
- Germany
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7
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Castegnaro MV, Gorgeski A, Balke B, Alves MCM, Morais J. Charge transfer effects on the chemical reactivity of Pd(x)Cu(1-x) nanoalloys. Nanoscale 2016; 8:641-647. [PMID: 26647173 DOI: 10.1039/c5nr06685a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
This work reports on the synthesis and characterization of PdxCu1-x (x = 0.7, 0.5 and 0.3) nanoalloys obtained via an eco-friendly chemical reduction method based on ascorbic acid and trisodium citrate. The average size of the quasi-spherical nanoparticles (NPs) obtained by this method was about 4 nm, as observed by TEM. The colloids containing different NPs were then supported on carbon in order to produce powder samples (PdxCu1-x/C) whose electronic and structural properties were probed by different techniques. XRD analysis indicated the formation of crystalline PdCu alloys with a nanoscaled crystallite size. Core-level XPS results provided a fingerprint of a charge transfer process between Pd and Cu and its dependency on the nanoalloy composition. Additionally, it was verified that alloying was able to change the NP's reactivity towards oxidation and reduction. Indeed, the higher the amount of Pd in the nanoalloy, less oxidized are both the Pd and the Cu atoms in the as-prepared samples. Also, in situ XANES experiments during thermal treatment under a reducing atmosphere showed that the temperature required for a complete reduction of the nanoalloys depends on their composition. These results envisage the control at the atomic level of novel catalytic properties of such nanoalloys.
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Affiliation(s)
- M V Castegnaro
- Instituto de Física, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Avenida Bento Gonçalves, 9500, Bairro Agronomia, CP 15051, CEP 91501-970, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
| | - A Gorgeski
- Instituto de Física, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Avenida Bento Gonçalves, 9500, Bairro Agronomia, CP 15051, CEP 91501-970, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
| | - B Balke
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität, 55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - M C M Alves
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Avenida Bento Gonçalves, 9500, Bairro Agronomia, CP 15003, CEP 91501-970, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - J Morais
- Instituto de Física, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Avenida Bento Gonçalves, 9500, Bairro Agronomia, CP 15051, CEP 91501-970, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
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Schierning G, Chavez R, Schmechel R, Balke B, Rogl G, Rogl P. Concepts for medium-high to high temperature thermoelectric heat-to-electricity conversion: a review of selected materials and basic considerations of module design. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1088/2053-1613/2/2/025001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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9
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Krez J, Balke B, Ouardi S, Selle S, Höche T, Felser C, Hermes W, Schwind M. Long-term stability of phase-separated half-Heusler compounds. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2015; 17:29854-8. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cp04875j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The long-term stability of n- and p-type thermoelectric half-Heusler materials is investigated. The dendritic microstructure is temperature resistant and maintained the low thermal conductivity values (κ < 4 W m−1 K−1) even after 500 heating and cooling cycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Krez
- Institute for Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry
- Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz
- 55128 Mainz
- Germany
- Graduate School for Excellence Materials Science in Mainz
| | - B. Balke
- Institute for Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry
- Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz
- 55128 Mainz
- Germany
| | - S. Ouardi
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Physics of Solids
- 01187 Dresden
- Germany
| | - S. Selle
- Fraunhofer Institut für Werkstoffmechanik
- 06120 Halle
- Germany
| | - T. Höche
- Fraunhofer Institut für Werkstoffmechanik
- 06120 Halle
- Germany
| | - C. Felser
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Physics of Solids
- 01187 Dresden
- Germany
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10
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Rausch E, Balke B, Ouardi S, Felser C. Enhanced thermoelectric performance in the p-type half-Heusler (Ti/Zr/Hf)CoSb0.8Sn0.2 system via phase separation. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2014; 16:25258-62. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cp02561j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Introducing an intrinsic phase separation into a thermoelectric p-type Heusler compound results into a significant reduction of the thermal conductivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Rausch
- Institute für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität
- 55099 Mainz, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Physics of Solids
- 01187 Dresden, Germany
| | - Benjamin Balke
- Institute für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität
- 55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - Siham Ouardi
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Physics of Solids
- 01187 Dresden, Germany
| | - Claudia Felser
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Physics of Solids
- 01187 Dresden, Germany
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11
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Abstract
This work elucidates the possible reasons for the outstanding, but never reproduced thermoelectric properties of the doped Ti(0.5)Zr(0.25)Hf(0.25)NiSn Heusler compounds. The structural investigations done via synchrotron X-ray diffraction measurements and scanning electron microscope measurements, which clearly show that the microstructure consists of three temperature stable C1(b) phases with possible semi-coherent interfaces, are presented. The exceptional thermoelectric properties are due to this intrinsic phase separation. It is possible to reproduce the high Figure of Merit values with ZT = 1.2 at 830 K. Furthermore, the influence of doping different elements on the Sn position in this Heusler material system is investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Schwall
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Johannes Gutenberg-Universtität, 55099 Mainz, Germany
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12
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Winterlik J, Chadov S, Gupta A, Alijani V, Gasi T, Filsinger K, Balke B, Fecher GH, Jenkins CA, Casper F, Kübler J, Liu GD, Gao L, Parkin SSP, Felser C. Design scheme of new tetragonal Heusler compounds for spin-transfer torque applications and its experimental realization. Adv Mater 2012; 24:6283-7. [PMID: 22965466 PMCID: PMC3546386 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201201879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2012] [Revised: 06/29/2012] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Band Jahn-Teller type structural instabilities of cubic Mn(2)YZ Heusler compounds causing tetragonal distortions can be predicted by ab initio band-structure calculations. This allows for identification of new Heusler materials with tunable magnetic and structural properties that can satisfy the demands for spintronic applications, such as in spin-transfer torque-based devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jürgen Winterlik
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Johannes Gutenberg-UniversitätStaudinger Weg 9, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Stanislav Chadov
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Physics of SolidsNöthnitzer Straße 40, 01187 Dresden, Germany
| | - Arunava Gupta
- Center for Materials for Information Technology and Department of Chemistry, University of AlabamaTuscaloosa, Alabama 35487, USA
| | - Vajiheh Alijani
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Physics of SolidsNöthnitzer Straße 40, 01187 Dresden, Germany
| | - Teuta Gasi
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Johannes Gutenberg-UniversitätStaudinger Weg 9, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Kai Filsinger
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Johannes Gutenberg-UniversitätStaudinger Weg 9, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Benjamin Balke
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Johannes Gutenberg-UniversitätStaudinger Weg 9, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Gerhard H Fecher
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Physics of SolidsNöthnitzer Straße 40, 01187 Dresden, Germany
| | - Catherine A Jenkins
- Advanced Light Source Lawrence Berkeley National LaboratoryBerkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Frederick Casper
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Johannes Gutenberg-UniversitätStaudinger Weg 9, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Jürgen Kübler
- Institut für Festkörperphysik Technische UniversitätKarolinenplatz 5, 64289 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Guo-Dong Liu
- School of Materials Sciences and Engineering, Hebei University of TechnologyTianjin 300130, China
| | - Li Gao
- IBM Research Division, Almaden Research CenterSan Jose, CA 95120, USA
| | - Stuart S P Parkin
- IBM Research Division, Almaden Research CenterSan Jose, CA 95120, USA
| | - Claudia Felser
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Physics of SolidsNöthnitzer Straße 40, 01187 Dresden, Germany
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13
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Schwall M, Balke B. Highly Efficient Thermoelectric Heusler Materials. Z Anorg Allg Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/zaac.201204148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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14
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Schirmer M, Walz MM, Papp C, Kronast F, Gray AX, Balke B, Cramm S, Fadley CS, Steinrück HP, Marbach H. Fabrication of layered nanostructures by successive electron beam induced deposition with two precursors: protective capping of metallic iron structures. Nanotechnology 2011; 22:475304. [PMID: 22057093 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/22/47/475304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
We report on the stepwise generation of layered nanostructures via electron beam induced deposition (EBID) using organometallic precursor molecules in ultra-high vacuum (UHV). In a first step a metallic iron line structure was produced using iron pentacarbonyl; in a second step this nanostructure was then locally capped with a 2-3 nm thin titanium oxide-containing film fabricated from titanium tetraisopropoxide. The chemical composition of the deposited layers was analyzed by spatially resolved Auger electron spectroscopy. With spatially resolved x-ray absorption spectroscopy at the Fe L₃ edge, it was demonstrated that the thin capping layer prevents the iron structure from oxidation upon exposure to air.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Schirmer
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie II, Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstraße 3, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
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Gray AX, Papp C, Ueda S, Balke B, Yamashita Y, Plucinski L, Minár J, Braun J, Ylvisaker ER, Schneider CM, Pickett WE, Ebert H, Kobayashi K, Fadley CS. Probing bulk electronic structure with hard X-ray angle-resolved photoemission. Nat Mater 2011; 10:759-764. [PMID: 21841798 DOI: 10.1038/nmat3089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2010] [Accepted: 07/05/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Traditional ultraviolet/soft X-ray angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES) may in some cases be too strongly influenced by surface effects to be a useful probe of bulk electronic structure. Going to hard X-ray photon energies and thus larger electron inelastic mean-free paths should provide a more accurate picture of bulk electronic structure. We present experimental data for hard X-ray ARPES (HARPES) at energies of 3.2 and 6.0 keV. The systems discussed are W, as a model transition-metal system to illustrate basic principles, and GaAs, as a technologically-relevant material to illustrate the potential broad applicability of this new technique. We have investigated the effects of photon wave vector on wave vector conservation, and assessed methods for the removal of phonon-associated smearing of features and photoelectron diffraction effects. The experimental results are compared to free-electron final-state model calculations and to more precise one-step photoemission theory including matrix element effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- A X Gray
- Department of Physics, University of California Davis, Davis, California 95616, USA.
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16
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Barth J, Fecher GH, Balke B, Graf T, Shkabko A, Weidenkaff A, Klaer P, Kallmayer M, Elmers HJ, Yoshikawa H, Ueda S, Kobayashi K, Felser C. Anomalous transport properties of the half-metallic ferromagnets Co₂TiSi, Co₂TiGe and Co₂TiSn. Philos Trans A Math Phys Eng Sci 2011; 369:3588-3601. [PMID: 21859723 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2011.0183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
In this work, the theoretical and experimental investigations of Co₂TiZ (Z=Si, Ge or Sn) compounds are reported. Half-metallic ferromagnetism is predicted for all three compounds with only two bands crossing the Fermi energy in the majority channel. The magnetic moments fulfil the Slater-Pauling rule and the Curie temperatures are well above room temperature. All compounds show a metallic-like resistivity for low temperatures up to their Curie temperature, above the resistivity changes to semiconducting-like behaviour. A large negative magnetoresistance (MR) of 55 per cent is observed for Co₂TiSn at room temperature in an applied magnetic field of μ(0)H=4T, which is comparable to the large negative MRs of the manganites. The Seebeck coefficients are negative for all three compounds and reach their maximum values at their respective Curie temperatures and stay almost constant up to 950 K. The highest value achieved is -52 μVK(-1) for Co₂TiSn, which is large for a metal. The combination of half-metallicity and the constant large Seebeck coefficient over a wide temperature range makes these compounds interesting materials for thermoelectric applications and further spincaloric investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joachim Barth
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, and Johannes Gutenberg-Universität, 55099 Mainz, Germany
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17
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Basit L, Fecher GH, Chadov S, Balke B, Felser C. Quaternary Heusler Compounds without Inversion Symmetry: CoFe
1+
x
Ti
1–
x
Al and CoMn
1+
x
V
1–
x
Al. Eur J Inorg Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201100002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lubna Basit
- Johannes‐Gutenberg‐Universität, Institut für analytische und anorganische Chemie, 55099 Mainz, Germany, Fax: +49‐6131‐39‐26267
| | - Gerhard H. Fecher
- Johannes‐Gutenberg‐Universität, Institut für analytische und anorganische Chemie, 55099 Mainz, Germany, Fax: +49‐6131‐39‐26267
| | - Stanislav Chadov
- Johannes‐Gutenberg‐Universität, Institut für analytische und anorganische Chemie, 55099 Mainz, Germany, Fax: +49‐6131‐39‐26267
| | - Benjamin Balke
- Johannes‐Gutenberg‐Universität, Institut für analytische und anorganische Chemie, 55099 Mainz, Germany, Fax: +49‐6131‐39‐26267
| | - Claudia Felser
- Johannes‐Gutenberg‐Universität, Institut für analytische und anorganische Chemie, 55099 Mainz, Germany, Fax: +49‐6131‐39‐26267
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18
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Ouardi S, Fecher GH, Kozina X, Stryganyuk G, Balke B, Felser C, Ikenaga E, Sugiyama T, Kawamura N, Suzuki M, Kobayashi K. Symmetry of valence states of Heusler compounds explored by linear dichroism in hard-x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Phys Rev Lett 2011; 107:036402. [PMID: 21838382 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.107.036402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2010] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
This study reports on the linear dichroism in angular-resolved photoemission from the valence band of the Heusler compounds NiTi0.9Sc0.1Sn and NiMnSb. High-resolution photoelectron spectroscopy was performed with an excitation energy of hν = 7.938 keV. The linear polarization of the photons was changed using an in-vacuum diamond phase retarder. The valence band spectra exhibit the typical structure expected from first-principles calculations of the electronic structure of these compounds. Noticeable linear dichroism is found in the valence band of both materials, and this allows for a symmetry analysis of the contributing states. The differences in the spectra are found to be caused by symmetry-dependent angular asymmetry parameters, and these occur even in polycrystalline samples without preferential crystallographic orientation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siham Ouardi
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität, 55099 Mainz, Germany
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19
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Boekelheide Z, Gray AX, Papp C, Balke B, Stewart DA, Ueda S, Kobayashi K, Hellman F, Fadley CS. Band gap and electronic structure of an epitaxial, semiconducting Cr0.80Al0.20 thin film. Phys Rev Lett 2010; 105:236404. [PMID: 21231489 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.105.236404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Cr(1-x)Al(x) exhibits semiconducting behavior for x = 0.15-0.26. This Letter uses hard x-ray photoemission spectroscopy and density functional theory to further understand the semiconducting behavior. Photoemission measurements of an epitaxial Cr(0.80)Al(0.20) thin film show several features in the valence band region, including a gap at the Fermi energy (E(F)) for which the valence band edge is 95 ± 14 meV below E(F). Theory agrees well with the valence band measurements, and shows an incomplete gap at E(F) due to the hole band at M shifting almost below E(F).
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Boekelheide
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, USA.
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20
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Graf T, Barth J, Jung V, Gloskovskii A, Balke B, Felser C. Magnetic and Structural Properties of Heusler Compounds with 27.8 Valence Electrons. Z Anorg Allg Chem 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/zaac.200900576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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21
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Skovsen I, Bjerg L, Christensen M, Nishibori E, Balke B, Felser C, Iversen BB. Multi-temperature synchrotron PXRD and physical properties study of half-Heusler TiCoSb. Dalton Trans 2010; 39:10154-9. [DOI: 10.1039/c0dt00742k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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22
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23
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Mallick B, Balke B, Felser C, Mudring AV. Bei Raumtemperatur flüssige ionische Verbindungen auf Dysprosium-Basis mit starker Lumineszenz und Reaktion auf magnetische Felder. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200802390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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24
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Mallick B, Balke B, Felser C, Mudring AV. Dysprosium Room-Temperature Ionic Liquids with Strong Luminescence and Response to Magnetic Fields. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2008; 47:7635-8. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.200802390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 224] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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25
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Balke B, Wurmehl S, Fecher GH, Felser C, Kübler J. Rational design of new materials for spintronics: Co 2Fe Z ( Z=Al, Ga, Si, Ge). Sci Technol Adv Mater 2008; 9:014102. [PMID: 27877928 PMCID: PMC5099797 DOI: 10.1088/1468-6996/9/1/014102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2007] [Revised: 03/13/2008] [Accepted: 01/29/2008] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Spintronic is a multidisciplinary field and a new research area. New materials must be found for satisfying the different types of demands. The search for stable half-metallic ferromagnets and ferromagnetic semiconductors with Curie temperatures higher than room temperature is still a challenge for solid state scientists. A general understanding of how structures are related to properties is a necessary prerequisite for material design. Computational simulations are an important tool for a rational design of new materials. The new developments in this new field are reported from the point of view of material scientists. The development of magnetic Heusler compounds specifically designed as material for spintronic applications has made tremendous progress in the very recent past. Heusler compounds can be made as half-metals, showing a high spin polarization of the conduction electrons of up to 100% in magnetic tunnel junctions. High Curie temperatures were found in Co2-based Heusler compounds with values up to 1120 K in Co2FeSi. The latest results at the time of writing are a tunnelling magnet resistance (TMR) device made from the Co2FeAl0.5Si0.5 Heusler compound and working at room temperature with a (TMR) effect higher than 200%. Good interfaces and a well-ordered compound are the precondition to realize the predicted half-metallic properties. The series Co2FeAl1- x Si x is found to exhibit half-metallic ferromagnetism over a broad range, and it is shown that electron doping stabilizes the gap in the minority states for x=0.5. This might be a reason for the exceptional temperature behaviour of Co2FeAl0.5Si0.5 TMR devices. Using x-ray diffraction (XRD), it was shown conclusively that Co2FeAl crystallizes in the B2 structure whereas Co2FeSi crystallizes in the L21 structure. For the compounds Co2FeGa or Co2FeGe, with Curie temperatures expected higher than 1000 K, the standard XRD technique using laboratory sources cannot be used to easily distinguish between the two structures. For this reason, the EXAFS technique was used to elucidate the structure of these two compounds. Analysis of the data indicated that both compounds crystallize in the L21 structure which makes these two compounds suitable new candidates as materials in magnetic tunnel junctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Balke
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie und Analytische Chemie, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - Sabine Wurmehl
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie und Analytische Chemie, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - Gerhard H Fecher
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie und Analytische Chemie, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - Claudia Felser
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie und Analytische Chemie, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - Jürgen Kübler
- Institut für Festkörperphysik, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Germany
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26
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Balke B, Hogardt M, Schmoldt S, Hoy L, Weissbrodt H, Häussler S. Evaluation of the E test for the assessment of synergy of antibiotic combinations against multiresistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates from cystic fibrosis patients. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2007; 25:25-30. [PMID: 16402226 DOI: 10.1007/s10096-005-0076-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The determination of synergistic effects of antimicrobial drug combinations can lead to improved therapeutic options in the antibiotic treatment of cystic fibrosis patients who are chronically infected with multiresistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates. The aim of this study was to evaluate the performance of the E test versus the standard agar dilution checkerboard susceptibility test in the assessment of synergy and, in addition, to determine the activity of two antimicrobial combinations against 163 multiresistant P. aeruginosa isolates from cystic fibrosis patients. The agreement between the checkerboard method and the E test was excellent (>90%) for nonmucoid as well as mucoid isolates from cystic fibrosis patients. The rate of synergy was higher for the antibiotic combination of ceftazidime and tobramycin (28.8% of the cystic fibrosis strains) than for the combination of meropenem and tobramycin (19.0%). However, the probability of synergy for the second antibiotic combination increased significantly when the synergy of the first antibiotic combination had already been demonstrated (Fischer's exact test, p=0.049). The results show that the E test is a valuable and practical method for routine microbiological diagnostics and can aid in the selection of improved antibiotic options in the treatment of cystic fibrosis patients chronically infected with P. aeruginosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Balke
- Institut für Medizinische Mikrobiologie und Krankenhaushygiene, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Carl-Neuberg-Strasse 1, 30625 Hanover, Germany
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27
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28
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Abstract
Spintronics is a multidisciplinary field involving physics, chemistry, and engineering, and is a new research area for solid-state scientists. A variety of new materials must be found to satisfy different demands. The search for ferromagnetic semiconductors and stable half-metallic ferromagnets with Curie temperatures higher than room temperature remains a priority for solid-state chemistry. A general understanding of structure-property relationships is a necessary prerequisite for the design of new materials. In this Review, the most important developments in the field of spintronics are described from the point of view of materials science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Felser
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie und Analytische Chemie, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany.
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29
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Balke B, Hoy L, Weissbrodt H, Häussler S. Comparison of the Micronaut Merlin automated broth microtiter system with the standard agar dilution method for antimicrobial susceptibility testing of mucoid and nonmucoid Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates from cystic fibrosis patients. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2005; 23:765-71. [PMID: 15605183 DOI: 10.1007/s10096-004-1212-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to compare a commercially available automated broth microdilution system (Merlin; Micronaut, Germany) with the standard agar dilution method for susceptibility testing of pulmonary isolates from cystic fibrosis patients. Accurate susceptibility testing of bacterial isolates from cystic fibrosis patients is known to pose problems. Although commercially available automated test systems could facilitate susceptibility testing of such isolates in routine diagnostics, these systems have not been recommended thus far. However, a pilot study recently indicated that the Merlin system, which is based on an endpoint measurement rather than on growth curves, might be applicable in the susceptibility testing of isolates from cystic fibrosis patients. In the present study, the Merlin system was further evaluated using an extended panel of nonmucoid and mucoid Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates. The results showed that the MICs obtained with the Merlin system tended to be lower than those obtained with the agar dilution method, a finding that became increasingly apparent when mucoid Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains were tested. The correlation coefficients (r values) of the MIC results for all strains tested were between 0.6 and 0.8 for five of the seven antimicrobial agents, with r values exceeding 0.8 for only meropenem and ciprofloxacin. However, since the overall rate of serious discrepancies was within an acceptable range, the Merlin system appears to be applicable for routine clinical use in susceptibility testing of P. aeruginosa isolates from cystic fibrosis patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Balke
- Institut für Medizinische Mikrobiologie und Krankenhaushygiene, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Carl-Neuberg-Strasse 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
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30
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Balke B, Cox L, Fackler O, Mugge M, Souers PC, Tsugawa RT, White RM. Limits on neutron emission from "cold fusion" in metal hydrides. Phys Rev C Nucl Phys 1990; 42:30-37. [PMID: 9966688 DOI: 10.1103/physrevc.42.30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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31
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Schaffer NE, Beehler B, Jeyendran RS, Balke B. Methods of semen collection in an ambulatory greater one-horned rhinoceros (rhinoceros unicornis). Zoo Biol 1990. [DOI: 10.1002/zoo.1430090304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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32
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Balke B, Gidal G, Jodidio A, Shinsky KA, Steiner HM, Stoker DP, Strovink M, Tripp RD, Carr J, Gobbi B, Oram CJ. Precise measurement of the asymmetry parameter delta in muon decay. Phys Rev D Part Fields 1988; 37:587-617. [PMID: 9958721 DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.37.587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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33
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Jodidio A, Balke B, Carr J, Gidal G, Shinsky KA, Steiner HM, Stoker DP, Strovink M, Tripp RD, Gobbi B, Oram CJ. Erratum: Search for right-handed currents in muon decay. Phys Rev D Part Fields 1988; 37:237-238. [PMID: 9958543 DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.37.237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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34
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Jodidio A, Balke B, Carr J, Gidal G, Shinsky KA, Steiner HM, Stoker DP, Strovink M, Tripp RD, Gobbi B, Oram CJ. Search for right-handed currents in muon decay. Phys Rev D Part Fields 1986; 34:1967-1990. [PMID: 9957378 DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.34.1967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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Abstract
There is general agreement that the oxygen demand of level running is similar for both the treadmill (TM) and overground situations at speeds under 260 m X min-1. However, controversy exists with regard to inclined running. The prevailing view, represented by the ACSM prediction formulas, is that overground hill running is theoretically more costly than inclined treadmill running. This study was designed to investigate the problem from an empirical standpoint. Seven male subjects performed overground and TM running at two grades (0 and 5.7%) over a range of speeds between 136-286 m X min-1. For the outdoor trials, subjects covered a distance of 950 m at a constant pace, and expired gas was collected over the last 150 m. Matching trials were then performed on the treadmill at the same speed and % grade. Regression lines were calculated for speed vs oxygen consumption (VO2). For TM and overground level running, these were: VO2 (ml.kg-1.min-1)= 0.222 X speed (m.min-1) - 1.33 and VO2 (ml.kg-1.min-1) = 0.202 X speed (m.min-1) + 3.21 respectively. The regression lines from TM and overground inclined running were: VO2 (ml.kg-1.min-1) = 0.237 X speed (m.min-1) + 7.53. and VO2 (ml.kg-1.min-1) = 0.233 X speed (m.min-1) + 7.78 respectively. A 2 X 3 X 2 ANOVA revealed that the differences between mean values for VO2 for level TM running vs level overground running and grade TM running vs grade overground running were not statistically significant (0.10 less than P less than 0.25).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Stoker DP, Balke B, Carr J, Gidal G, Jodidio A, Shinsky KA, Steiner HM, Strovink M, Tripp RD, Gobbi B, Oram CJ. Search for right-handed currents by means of muon-spin rotation. Phys Rev Lett 1985; 54:1887-1890. [PMID: 10031167 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.54.1887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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Lindgärde F, Malmquist J, Balke B. Physical fitness, insulin secretion, and glucose tolerance in healthy males and mild type-2 diabetes. Acta Diabetol Lat 1983; 20:33-40. [PMID: 6344526 DOI: 10.1007/bf02629127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The nature of the relation between physical fitness and glucose homeostasis was evaluated in two studies: (A) a cross-sectional study on 108 middle-aged non-diabetic men; (B) a five-month training program involving nine males with non-insulin-dependent (type 2) diabetes. It was found that the level of physical fitness was positively related to glucose tolerance, and that this relation was largely independent of body weight and basal insulin secretion. Furthermore, the training program for the diabetics resulted in improved glucose tolerance without change in either body weight or glucose-induced insulin secretion. It is concluded that glucose balance is significantly influenced by the physical fitness level, which is likely to be an important element in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes as well as in the treatment of that disease.
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McBeath AA, Bahrke MS, Balke B. Walking efficiency before and after total hip replacement as determined by oxygen consumption. J Bone Joint Surg Am 1980; 62:807-10. [PMID: 7391104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Seventy-seven patients receiving either unilateral or bilateral total hip replacement were studied before and for as long as four years after operation. Their walking velocity and efficiency (the latter determined by measuring oxygen consumption) improved after operation. Total hip replacement allowed relatively equal postoperative efficiency and velocity for patients with unilateral and bilateral disease. While no consistent relationships were found between the components of the Iowa hip-rating scale, significant correlations were found between the composite Iowa hip-rating score and oxygen consumption. Data indicate that measurement of self-selected velocity in patients with hip disease is a satisfactory indicator of walking efficiency.
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39
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Oldridge NB, Nagle FJ, Balke B, Corliss RJ, Kahn DR. Aortocoronary bypass surgery: effects of surgery and 32 months of physical conditioning on treadmill performance. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 1978; 59:268-75. [PMID: 307374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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McBeath AA, Bahrke M, Balke B. Efficiency of assisted ambulation determined by oxygen consumption measurement. J Bone Joint Surg Am 1974; 56:994-1000. [PMID: 4847243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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42
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Nagle F, Balke B, Baptista G, Alleyia J, Howley E. Compatibility of progressive treadmill, bicycle and step tests based on oxygen uptake responses. Med Sci Sports 1971; 3:149-54. [PMID: 5173384 DOI: 10.1249/00005768-197100310-00077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Ryan AJ, Stoedefalke K, Balke B. The Wisconsin program in adaptive physical education. J Am Coll Health Assoc 1967; 15:351-6. [PMID: 4227404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Dempsey JA, Reddan W, Balke B, Rankin J. Work capacity determinants and physiologic cost of weight-supported work in obesity. J Appl Physiol (1985) 1966; 21:1815-20. [PMID: 5929307 DOI: 10.1152/jappl.1966.21.6.1815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
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48
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49
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Balke B, Melton CE, Blake C. Physiological stress and fatigue in aerial missions for the control of forest fires. Aerosp Med 1966; 37:221-7. [PMID: 5907755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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Nagle FJ, Naughton J, Balke B. Comparisons of direct and indirect blood pressure with pressure-flow dynamics during exercise. J Appl Physiol (1985) 1966; 21:317-20. [PMID: 5903935 DOI: 10.1152/jappl.1966.21.1.317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
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