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Davey SL, Lee BJ, Robbins T, Thake CD. Prevalence of occupational heat stress across the seasons and its management amongst healthcare professionals in the UK. Appl Ergon 2024; 118:104281. [PMID: 38581844 DOI: 10.1016/j.apergo.2024.104281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024]
Abstract
Occupational heat stress (OHS) is an issue in healthcare facilities (HCFs) in the United Kingdom (UK). The aims of this study were to evaluate perceived levels of OHS during two seasons and its perceived consequences on healthcare professionals (HCPs) and to assess the efficacy of heat stress management (HSM) policies. An anonymous online survey was distributed to HCPs working in HCFs in the UK. The survey returned 1014 responses (87% women). Descriptive statistics and content analysis of survey data identified that OHS in HCFs is frequently experienced throughout the year and concerned most HCPs. Over 90% perceived OHS impairs their performance and 20% reported heat-related absenteeism. Awareness of HSM policies was poor and 73% deemed them not adequate. To help reduce the financial loss and impact on staff performance, health and well-being and patient safety, it is recommended that revisions and widespread dissemination of HSM policies are made.
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Affiliation(s)
- S L Davey
- Occupational and Environmental Physiology Group, Centre for Physical Activity, Sport & Exercise Sciences, Research Institute for Health and Wellbeing, Coventry University, Coventry, UK.
| | - B J Lee
- Occupational and Environmental Physiology Group, Centre for Physical Activity, Sport & Exercise Sciences, Research Institute for Health and Wellbeing, Coventry University, Coventry, UK
| | - Timothy Robbins
- University Hospitals Coventry & Warwickshire NHS Trust, Coventry, UK; Institute of Digital Healthcare, WMG, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - C D Thake
- Occupational and Environmental Physiology Group, Centre for Physical Activity, Sport & Exercise Sciences, Research Institute for Health and Wellbeing, Coventry University, Coventry, UK
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Corbett J, Young JS, Tipton MJ, Costello JT, Williams TB, Walker EF, Lee BJ, Stevens CE. Molecular biomarkers for assessing the heat-adapted phenotype: a narrative scoping review. J Physiol Sci 2023; 73:26. [PMID: 37848829 DOI: 10.1186/s12576-023-00882-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023]
Abstract
Heat acclimation/acclimatisation (HA) mitigates heat-related decrements in physical capacity and heat-illness risk and is a widely advocated countermeasure for individuals operating in hot environments. The efficacy of HA is typically quantified by assessing the thermo-physiological responses to a standard heat acclimation state test (i.e. physiological biomarkers), but this can be logistically challenging, time consuming, and expensive. A valid molecular biomarker of HA would enable evaluation of the heat-adapted state through the sampling and assessment of a biological medium. This narrative review examines candidate molecular biomarkers of HA, highlighting the poor sensitivity and specificity of these candidates and identifying the current lack of a single 'standout' biomarker. It concludes by considering the potential of multivariable approaches that provide information about a range of physiological systems, identifying a number of challenges that must be overcome to develop a valid molecular biomarker of the heat-adapted state, and highlighting future research opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Corbett
- Extreme Environments Laboratory, School of Sport Health and Exercise Sciences, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, UK.
| | - J S Young
- National Horizons Centre, Teesside University, Darlington, UK
| | - M J Tipton
- Extreme Environments Laboratory, School of Sport Health and Exercise Sciences, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, UK
| | - J T Costello
- Extreme Environments Laboratory, School of Sport Health and Exercise Sciences, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, UK
| | - T B Williams
- Extreme Environments Laboratory, School of Sport Health and Exercise Sciences, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, UK
| | - E F Walker
- Defence Science and Technology Laboratory, Porton Down, Salisbury, UK
| | - B J Lee
- Occupational and Environmental Physiology Group, Centre for Sport, Exercise and Life Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Coventry University, Coventry, UK
| | - C E Stevens
- Extreme Environments Laboratory, School of Sport Health and Exercise Sciences, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, UK
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Lee BM, Kim SW, Lee BJ, Won SH, Park YH, Kang CY, Li L, Rami FZ, Chung YC. Effects and safety of virtual reality-based mindfulness in patients with psychosis: a randomized controlled pilot study. Schizophrenia (Heidelb) 2023; 9:57. [PMID: 37704650 PMCID: PMC10499950 DOI: 10.1038/s41537-023-00391-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
Virtual reality (VR) technology can be a supporting tool to enhance mindfulness. Recently, many research using VR-based mindfulness (VBM) has been carried out in various psychiatric disorders but not in psychosis. We investigated safety and effects of virtual reality-based mindfulness (VBM) in patients with psychosis as a pilot study. Sixty-four patients were randomly assigned to VBM or to VR control. For VBM, education and meditation videos were provided. For VR control, 3-dimensional natural scenes were shown. Both programs consisted of 8 weekly sessions, each lasting about 30 min. Pre- and post-assessments were performed using the experiences questionnaire (EQ), psychotic symptom rating scales-delusion (PSYRATS-D), PSYRATS-auditory hallucinations (AH), motivation and pleasure scale-self rating (MAP-SR) and etc. The safety questionnaire was also surveyed after 1st and 8th session. Physiological measures such as skin conductance level (SCL), heart rate (HR) and RR interval, were collected during the VR interventions. Limited individuals participated in the safety questionnaire and physiological measures. All the results were presented in mean and standard deviation. We did not observe significant results in group x time interaction and main effects of group and time in the decentering and clinical scales. However, within group comparison showed that patients randomized to VBM showed increased decentering (p = 0.029) and decreased amount (p = 0.032) and duration of preoccupation (p = 0.016) in the PSYRATS-D. For the feelings and motivations about close caring relationships of the MAP-SR, we observed a significant group x time interaction (p = 0.027). The frequency of VR sickness was high but its severity was mild. There were significant differences only in HR over time in the VBM group (p = 0.01). These results suggest that VBM was not more effective in reducing decentering and psychiatric symptoms than VR control but its adversity was modest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Mi Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, 54907, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Jeonbuk National University-Biomedical Research Institute of Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, 54907, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Wan Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, 501-746, Republic of Korea
| | - Bong Ju Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Inje University Haeundae Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, 48108, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Hee Won
- Department of Psychiatry, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, 41944, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Chae Yeong Kang
- Department of Psychiatry, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, 54907, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Jeonbuk National University-Biomedical Research Institute of Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, 54907, Republic of Korea
| | - Ling Li
- Department of Psychiatry, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, 54907, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Jeonbuk National University-Biomedical Research Institute of Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, 54907, Republic of Korea
| | - Fatima Zahra Rami
- Department of Psychiatry, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, 54907, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Jeonbuk National University-Biomedical Research Institute of Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, 54907, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Chul Chung
- Department of Psychiatry, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, 54907, Republic of Korea.
- Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Jeonbuk National University-Biomedical Research Institute of Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, 54907, Republic of Korea.
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Rue CA, D Myers S, L Coakley S, M Ashdown K, J Lee B, J Hale B, G Siddall A, C Needham-Beck S, L Hinde K, I Osofa J, S Walker F, Fieldhouse A, A J Vine C, Doherty J, R Flood T, F Walker E, Wardle S, P Greeves J, D Blacker S. Changes in physical performance during British Army Junior Entry, British Army Standard Entry and Royal Air Force Basic Training. BMJ Mil Health 2023:e002285. [PMID: 36725103 DOI: 10.1136/military-2022-002285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The purpose was to quantify physical performance in men and women during British Army Junior Entry (Army-JE), British Army Standard Entry (Army-SE) and Royal Air Force (RAF) basic training (BT). DESIGN Prospective longitudinal study. METHODS 381 participants ((339 men and 42 women) n=141 Army-JE, n=132 Army-SE, n=108 RAF) completed a 2 km run, medicine ball throw (MBT) and isometric mid-thigh pull (MTP), pre-BT and post-BT. To examine changes in pre-BT to post-BT physical test performance, for each course, paired Student t-test and Wilcoxon test were applied to normally and non-normally distributed data, respectively, with effect sizes reported as Cohen's D and with rank biserial correlations, respectively. A one-way between-subjects analysis of variance (ANOVA) (or Welch ANOVA for non-normally distributed data) compared performance between quartiles based on test performance pre-BT. Where the main tests statistic, p value and effect sizes identified likely effect of quartile, post hoc comparisons were made using Games-Howell tests with Tukey's p value. Data are presented as mean±SD, with statistical significance set at p<0.05. RESULTS During BT, 2 km run time improved by 13±46 s (-2.1%±8.1%), 30±64 s (-4.8%±12.3%) and 24±27 s (-4.5%±5.1%) for Army-JE, Army-SE and RAF, respectively (all p<0.005). MBT distance increased by 0.27±0.28 m (6.8%±7.0%) for Army-JE (p<0.001) and 0.07±0.46 m (2.3%±10.9%) for Army-SE (p=0.040), but decreased by 0.08±0.27 m (-1.4%±6.0%) for RAF (p=0.002). MTP force increased by 80±281 n (10.8%±27.6%) for Army-JE (p<0.001) and did not change for Army-SE (-36±295 n, -0.7%±20.6%, p=0.144) or RAF (-9±208 n, 1.0±17.0, p=0.603). For all tests and cohorts, participants in the lowest quartile of pre-BT performance scores demonstrated greater improvements, compared with participants in the highest quartile (except Army-JE MBT, ∆% change similar between all quartiles). CONCLUSIONS Changes in physical performance were observed for the three fitness tests following the different BT courses, and recruits with the lowest strength and aerobic fitness experienced greatest improvements.
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Affiliation(s)
- C A Rue
- Institute of Sport, Nursing and Allied Health, University of Chichester, Chichester, UK
| | - S D Myers
- Institute of Sport, Nursing and Allied Health, University of Chichester, Chichester, UK
| | - S L Coakley
- Institute of Sport, Nursing and Allied Health, University of Chichester, Chichester, UK
- Faculty of Sport, Allied Health and Performance Sciences, St Mary's University, Twickenham, UK
| | - K M Ashdown
- Institute of Sport, Nursing and Allied Health, University of Chichester, Chichester, UK
| | - B J Lee
- Institute of Sport, Nursing and Allied Health, University of Chichester, Chichester, UK
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Coventry University, Coventry, UK
| | - B J Hale
- Institute of Sport, Nursing and Allied Health, University of Chichester, Chichester, UK
| | - A G Siddall
- Institute of Sport, Nursing and Allied Health, University of Chichester, Chichester, UK
| | - S C Needham-Beck
- Institute of Sport, Nursing and Allied Health, University of Chichester, Chichester, UK
| | - K L Hinde
- Institute of Sport, Nursing and Allied Health, University of Chichester, Chichester, UK
| | - J I Osofa
- Institute of Sport, Nursing and Allied Health, University of Chichester, Chichester, UK
- School of Sport, Health and Exercise Science, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, UK
| | - F S Walker
- Institute of Sport, Nursing and Allied Health, University of Chichester, Chichester, UK
| | - A Fieldhouse
- Defence Public Health Unit | HQ Defence Medical Services, Ministry of Defence, London, UK
| | - C A J Vine
- Institute of Sport, Nursing and Allied Health, University of Chichester, Chichester, UK
| | - J Doherty
- Institute of Sport, Nursing and Allied Health, University of Chichester, Chichester, UK
| | - T R Flood
- Institute of Sport, Nursing and Allied Health, University of Chichester, Chichester, UK
| | - E F Walker
- Institute of Sport, Nursing and Allied Health, University of Chichester, Chichester, UK
| | - S Wardle
- Army Personnel Research Capability, British Army Land Forces Headquarters, Andover, UK
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, Department of Targeted Intervention, University College London, London, UK
| | - J P Greeves
- Department of Army Health and Physical Performance Research, UK Ministry of Defence, Andover, UK
- Department of Targeted Intervention, University College London Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, London, UK
| | - S D Blacker
- Institute of Sport, Nursing and Allied Health, University of Chichester, Chichester, UK
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Li L, Rami FZ, Piao YH, Lee BM, Kim WS, Sui J, Kim SW, Lee BJ, Kim JJ, Yu JC, Lee KY, Won SH, Lee SH, Kim SH, Kang SH, Kim E, Chung YC. Comparison of clinical features and 1-year outcomes between patients with psychotic disorder not otherwise specified and those with schizophrenia. Early Interv Psychiatry 2022; 16:1309-1318. [PMID: 35128804 DOI: 10.1111/eip.13276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
AIM Research on psychotic disorder not otherwise specified (PNOS) that clearly mentions its subgroups is very rare. This study was conducted to identify the demographic and clinical features, cognitive function, and 1-year outcomes of patients with early stage PNOS compared with those with early stage schizophrenia (SZ). METHODS The study subjects were 54 and 321 patients with PNOS and SZ, respectively, who were registered at least more than 1 year ago. Due to drop out, only 37 and 210 patients with PNOS and SZ were evaluated at the 1-year follow-up. We compared clinical variables (duration of untreated psychosis, symptom severity, self-rating scales, and so on), cognitive function, and short-term outcomes (treatment response, remission, compliance, drop out, relapse) between the two groups. RESULTS The patients with PNOS were associated with higher diagnostic stability (53.7%) compared with those in previous studies. They had lower symptom severity, better treatment response at 2 months and higher remission rates at 12 months, but poorer compliance at 6 months compared with patients with SZ. Level of cognitive impairment in PNOS was intermediate between those of SZ patients and healthy controls. CONCLUSIONS These findings indicate that PNOS has unique clinical features, suggesting that it should be treated as a distinct clinical syndrome. At the same time, however, prevention of its possible progression to other psychotic disorders in some patients with PNOS is also important.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Li
- Department of Psychiatry, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Republic of Korea.,Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Jeonbuk National University-Biomedical Research Institute of Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Fatima Zahra Rami
- Department of Psychiatry, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Republic of Korea.,Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Jeonbuk National University-Biomedical Research Institute of Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Yan Hong Piao
- Department of Psychiatry, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Republic of Korea.,Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Jeonbuk National University-Biomedical Research Institute of Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Bo Mi Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Republic of Korea.,Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Jeonbuk National University-Biomedical Research Institute of Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo-Sung Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Republic of Korea.,Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Jeonbuk National University-Biomedical Research Institute of Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jing Sui
- Brainnetome Center and National Laboratory of Pattern Recognition, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Sung-Wan Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Bong Ju Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Inje University Haeundae Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Jin Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Je-Chun Yu
- Department of Psychiatry, Eulji University School of Medicine, Eulji University Hospital, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyu Young Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Eulji University School of Medicine, Eulji General Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Hee Won
- Department of Psychiatry, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Hwan Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Inje University College of Medicine, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Hyun Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Korea University College of Medicine, Guro Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Shi Hyun Kang
- Department of Social Psychiatry and Rehabilitation, National Center for Mental Health, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Euitae Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Chul Chung
- Department of Psychiatry, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Republic of Korea.,Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Jeonbuk National University-Biomedical Research Institute of Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
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Li L, Rami FZ, Lee BM, Kim WS, Kim SW, Lee BJ, Yu JC, Lee KY, Won SH, Lee SH, Kim SH, Kang SH, Kim E, Chung YC. Three-year outcomes and predictors for full recovery in patients with early-stage psychosis. Schizophrenia (Heidelb) 2022; 8:87. [PMID: 36302861 PMCID: PMC9613771 DOI: 10.1038/s41537-022-00301-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/15/2022] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, various outcomes over 3-year period in patients with early stage psychosis including remission, recovery, relapse and medication adherence were investigated. Predictor for full recovery at year 3 was also examined. Three-year follow-up data in 534 patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSD) and psychotic disorder not otherwise specified (PNOS) were examined for overall outcome trajectories. The data of completers at year 3 (n = 157) were used to identify predictors for recovery using logistic regression. The rates of symptomatic remission and full recovery at 6-, 12-, 24-, and 36-month follow-up were 76.10, 69.20, 79.50, and 79.10%, and 22.80, 26.40, 28.60, and 39.60%, respectively. The rates of drop-out and relapse at 6-, 12-, 24-, and 36-month follow-up were 25.4, 29.5, 38.6, and 51.1%, and 3.7, 8.9, 19.0, and 38.9%, respectively. The rates of good adherence and prescription of Long-Acting Injectable Antipsychotics (LAIA) at 6-, 12-, 24- and 36-month follow-up were 87.8, 88.0, 91.9, and 93.9%, and 18.3, 21.7, 22.0, and 25.5%, respectively. Significant predictors for full recovery were duration of untreated psychosis (DUP), family intimacy and physical activity. We observed similar or better results on remission, recovery, and relapse rates compared to other previous studies. Effective psychosocial intervention should be provided to shorten the gap between remission and recovery rates and to address DUP, family issues, and exercise to enhance recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Li
- Department of Psychiatry, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Jeonbuk National University-Biomedical Research Institute of Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Fatima Zahra Rami
- Department of Psychiatry, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Jeonbuk National University-Biomedical Research Institute of Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Bo Mi Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Jeonbuk National University-Biomedical Research Institute of Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo-Sung Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Jeonbuk National University-Biomedical Research Institute of Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Wan Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Bong Ju Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Inje University Haeundae Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Je-Chun Yu
- Department of Psychiatry, Eulji University School of Medicine, Eulji University Hospital, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyu Young Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Eulji University School of Medicine, Eulji General Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Hee Won
- Department of Psychiatry, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Hwan Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Inje University College of Medicine, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Hyun Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Korea University College of Medicine, Guro Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Shi Hyun Kang
- Department of Social Psychiatry and Rehabilitation, National Center for Mental Health, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Euitae Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Chul Chung
- Department of Psychiatry, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Republic of Korea.
- Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Jeonbuk National University-Biomedical Research Institute of Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Republic of Korea.
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Piao YH, Yun JY, Nguyen TB, Kim WS, Sui J, Kang NI, Lee KH, Ryu S, Kim SW, Lee BJ, Kim JJ, Yu JC, Lee KY, Won SH, Lee SH, Kim SH, Kang SH, Kim E, Chung YC. Longitudinal symptom network structure in first-episode psychosis: a possible marker for remission. Psychol Med 2022; 52:3193-3201. [PMID: 33588966 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291720005280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Network approach has been applied to a wide variety of psychiatric disorders. The aim of the present study was to identify network structures of remitters and non-remitters in patients with first-episode psychosis (FEP) at baseline and the 6-month follow-up. METHODS Participants (n = 252) from the Korean Early Psychosis Study (KEPS) were enrolled. They were classified as remitters or non-remitters using Andreasen's criteria. We estimated network structure with 10 symptoms (three symptoms from the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale, one depressive symptom, and six symptoms related to schema and rumination) as nodes using a Gaussian graphical model. Global and local network metrics were compared within and between the networks over time. RESULTS Global network metrics did not differ between the remitters and non-remitters at baseline or 6 months. However, the network structure and nodal strengths associated with positive-self and positive-others scores changed significantly in the remitters over time. Unique central symptoms for remitters and non-remitters were cognitive brooding and negative-self, respectively. The correlation stability coefficients for nodal strength were within the acceptable range. CONCLUSION Our findings indicate that network structure and some nodal strengths were more flexible in remitters. Negative-self could be an important target for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Hong Piao
- Department of Psychiatry, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Chonbuk National University-Biomedical Research Institute of Chonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Korea
| | - Je-Yeon Yun
- Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Yeongeon Student Support Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Thong Ba Nguyen
- Department of Psychiatry, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Chonbuk National University-Biomedical Research Institute of Chonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Korea
| | - Woo-Sung Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Chonbuk National University-Biomedical Research Institute of Chonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Korea
| | - Jing Sui
- Brainnetome Center and National Laboratory of Pattern Recognition, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Nam-In Kang
- Department of Psychiatry, Maeumsarang Hospital, Wanju, Jeollabuk-do, Korea
| | - Keon-Hak Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Maeumsarang Hospital, Wanju, Jeollabuk-do, Korea
| | - Seunghyong Ryu
- Department of Psychiatry, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Wan Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Bong Ju Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Inje University Haeundae Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Jin Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Je-Chun Yu
- Department of Psychiatry, Eulji University School of Medicine, Eulji University Hospital, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyu Young Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Eulji University School of Medicine, Eulji General Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Hee Won
- Department of Psychiatry, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Hwan Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Inje University College of Medicine, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Hyun Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Korea University College of Medicine, Guro Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Shi Hyun Kang
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Euitae Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Chul Chung
- Department of Psychiatry, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Chonbuk National University-Biomedical Research Institute of Chonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Korea
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Piao YH, Cui Y, Rami FZ, Li L, Karamikheirabad M, Kang SH, Kim SW, Kim JJ, Lee BJ, Chung YC. Methylome-wide Association Study of Patients with Recent-onset Psychosis. Clin Psychopharmacol Neurosci 2022; 20:462-473. [PMID: 35879030 PMCID: PMC9329103 DOI: 10.9758/cpn.2022.20.3.462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Objective Dysregulation of gene expression through epigenetic mechanisms may have a vital role in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia (SZ). In this study, we investigated the association of altered methylation patterns with SZ symptoms and early trauma in patients and healthy controls. Methods The present study was conducted to identify methylation changes in CpG sites in peripheral blood associated with recent-onset (RO) psychosis using methylome-wide analysis. Lifestyle factors, such as smoking, alcohol, exercise, and diet, were controlled. Results We identified 2,912 differentially methylated CpG sites in patients with RO psychosis compared to controls. Most of the genes associated with the top 20 differentially methylated sites had not been reported in previous methylation studies and were involved in apoptosis, autophagy, axonal growth, neuroinflammation, protein folding, etc. The top 15 significantly enriched Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathways included the oxytocin signaling pathway, long-term depression pathway, axon guidance, endometrial cancer, long-term potentiation, mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathway, and glutamatergic pathway, among others. In the patient group, significant associations of novel methylated genes with early trauma and psychopathology were observed. Conclusion Our results suggest an association of differential DNA methylation with the pathophysiology of psychosis and early trauma. Blood DNA methylation signatures show promise as biomarkers of future psychosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Hong Piao
- Department of Psychiatry, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Korea
- Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Jeonbuk National University-Biomedical Research Institute of Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Korea
| | - Yin Cui
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Fatima Zahra Rami
- Department of Psychiatry, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Korea
- Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Jeonbuk National University-Biomedical Research Institute of Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Korea
| | - Ling Li
- Department of Psychiatry, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Korea
- Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Jeonbuk National University-Biomedical Research Institute of Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Korea
| | - Maryam Karamikheirabad
- Department of Psychiatry, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Korea
- Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Jeonbuk National University-Biomedical Research Institute of Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Korea
| | - Shi Hyun Kang
- Department of Social Psychiatry and Rehabilitation, National Center for Mental Health, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sung-Wan Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Jung Jin Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Bong Ju Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Inje University Haeundae Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Young-Chul Chung
- Department of Psychiatry, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Korea
- Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Jeonbuk National University-Biomedical Research Institute of Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Korea
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9
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Kang SH, Piao YH, Li L, Kim SW, Kim JJ, Lee BJ, Yu JC, Lee KY, Won SH, Lee SH, Kim SH, Kim E, Rami FZ, Chung YC. Symptomatic and full remission rates in first-episode psychosis: A 12-month follow-up study in Korea. Early Interv Psychiatry 2022; 16:760-769. [PMID: 34448549 DOI: 10.1111/eip.13220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIM In the present study, the prevalence and predictors of symptomatic and full remission were investigated in patients with first-episode psychosis (FEP) at the 12-month follow-up. METHODS A total of 308 participants aged 18-45 years fulfilled the study inclusion criteria and 214 completed the 12-month follow-up. RESULTS At the 12-month follow-up, 67.3% (142) and 25.9% (55) of the FEP patients met the criteria for symptomatic and full remission, respectively. Stepwise logistic regression analysis showed a shorter duration of untreated psychosis (DUP), no family history, lower Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) negative symptom scores at baseline and higher familial support predicted symptomatic remission at the 12-month follow-up. A higher educational level, shorter DUP, lower PANSS general symptoms scores at baseline and higher subjective well-being under neuroleptics emotional regulation scores predicted full remission. CONCLUSIONS Our findings regarding the rates of symptomatic and full remission are consistent with previous studies. The results indicate a large discrepancy between symptomatic versus full remission rates at a 12-month follow-up in patients with FEP. Effective psychosocial interventions are necessary to improve the outcomes of FEP patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi Hyun Kang
- Department of Social Psychiatry and Rehabilitation, National Center for Mental Health, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yan Hong Piao
- Department of Psychiatry, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, South Korea.,Research Institute of Clinical Medicine, Jeonbuk National University-Biomedical Research Institute, Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, South Korea
| | - Ling Li
- Department of Psychiatry, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, South Korea.,Research Institute of Clinical Medicine, Jeonbuk National University-Biomedical Research Institute, Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, South Korea
| | - Sung Wan Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Jung Jin Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Bong Ju Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Inje University Haeundae Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, South Korea
| | - Je Chun Yu
- Department of Psychiatry, Eulji University School of Medicine, Eulji University Hospital, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Kyu Young Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Nowon Eulji Medical Center, Eulji University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seung Hee Won
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Seung Hwan Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Inje University Ilsan Paik Hospital, Goyang, South Korea
| | - Seung Hyun Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Korea University College of Medicine, Guro Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Euitae Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Fatima Zahra Rami
- Department of Psychiatry, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, South Korea.,Research Institute of Clinical Medicine, Jeonbuk National University-Biomedical Research Institute, Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, South Korea
| | - Young Chul Chung
- Department of Psychiatry, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, South Korea.,Research Institute of Clinical Medicine, Jeonbuk National University-Biomedical Research Institute, Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, South Korea
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10
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Jeong JH, Kim SW, Lee BJ, Kim JJ, Yu JC, Won SH, Lee SH, Kim SH, Kang SH, Kim E, Chung YC, Lee KY. The factor structure and clinical utility of clinician-rated dimensions of psychosis symptom severity in patients with recent-onset psychosis: Results of a 1-year longitudinal follow-up prospective cohort study. Psychiatry Res 2022; 310:114420. [PMID: 35152067 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2022.114420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The classic subtype classification of schizophrenia has been removed, and DSM-5 now includes the Clinician-Rated Dimensions of Psychosis Symptom Severity (CRDPSS). In the present study, a factor analysis of the CRDPSS was performed, and we assessed whether patient classification using the derived factor structure helps predict the clinical course. The participants were 390 patients with recent-onset psychosis enrolled in the Korean Early Psychosis Cohort Study (KEPS). Two factors were identified: psychotic (including delusions, hallucinations, disorganization, and abnormal psychomotor behavior) and negative-cognitive (including negative symptoms and impaired cognition). Patients were grouped based on the factor structure and changes in clinical course were monitored over 1 year. The negative-cognitive group demonstrated longer duration of untreated psychosis, earlier onset, and a higher rate of psychiatric comorbidities. Baseline Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) total and Clinical Global Impression-Severity (CGI-S) scores were higher in psychotic group, but group differences were not observed after 2 months. Conversely, the PANSS negative scale score was significantly higher in negative-cognitive group throughout follow-up, and CGI-S score was reversed at 12 months. The findings indicate that the factor structure derived herein for the CRDPSS could be helpful for predicting the clinical course of recent-onset psychosis patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Hoon Jeong
- Department of Psychiatry, Eulji University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Wan Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Bong Ju Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Inje University Haeundae Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Jin Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Je-Chun Yu
- Department of Psychiatry, Eulji University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea; Department of Psychiatry, Eulji University Hospital, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Hee Won
- Department of Psychiatry, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Hwan Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Inje University Ilsan Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Hyun Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Korea University College of Medicine, Guro Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Shi Hyun Kang
- Department of Social Psychiatry and Rehabilitation, National Center for Mental Health, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Euitae Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Chul Chung
- Department of Psychiatry, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Republic of Korea; Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Jeonbuk National University-Biomedical Research Institute of Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Republic of Korea.
| | - Kyu Young Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Eulji University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea; Department of Psychiatry, Nowon Eulji University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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11
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Lee YR, Chung YC, Kim JJ, Kang SH, Lee BJ, Lee SH, Lee J, Jung HR, Hyun J, Jhon M, Kim JW, Ryu S, Lee JY, Kim JM, Kim SW. Effects of COVID-19-related stress and fear on depression in schizophrenia patients and the general population. NPJ Schizophr 2022; 8:15. [PMID: 35249110 PMCID: PMC8897617 DOI: 10.1038/s41537-022-00213-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
This study compared the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)-related stress, fear of infection, loneliness, and depression between patients with schizophrenia and the general population. A face-to-face survey was administered to 1340 patients with a schizophrenia spectrum disorder and online survey of the general population (n = 2000) was conducted. The information gathered included the level of COVID-19-related stress, fear of infection, the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 score, and the three-item UCLA Loneliness Scale score. Structural equation modeling revealed a significant effect of fear of COVID-19 infection on depression among the general population and on loneliness among patients with schizophrenia. Loneliness experienced during COVID-19 exacerbated depression in both groups. In the COVID-19-related stress-loneliness-depression pathway, the partial mediating effect of loneliness was significant in both groups. Conversely, in the COVID-19-related fear-loneliness-depression pathway, the full mediating effect of loneliness was only significant in patients with schizophrenia. In conclusion, the loneliness associated with COVID-19-related stress and fear of infection was an important factor influencing depression, and the impact was greater in patients with schizophrenia compared with the general population. Thus, different mental health intervention plans are needed for patients with schizophrenia during the COVID-19 pandemic. During the long-lasting COVID-19 pandemic, social support and provision of mental health services to prevent loneliness and consequent depression are required in patients with schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ri Lee
- Department of Social Welfare, Nambu University, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Young-Chul Chung
- Department of Psychiatry, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Korea
| | - Jung Jin Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Shi Hyun Kang
- Department of Social Psychiatry and Rehabilitation, National Center for Mental Health, Seoul, Korea
| | - Bong Ju Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Inje University Haeundae Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Seung-Hwan Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Inje University College of Medicine, Goyang, Korea
| | - Jonghun Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Catholic University of Daegu, College of Medicine, Daegu, Korea.,Daegu Metropolitan Mental Health and Welfare Center, Daegu, Korea
| | - Ha-Ran Jung
- Department of Psychiatry, Naju National Hospital, Naju, Korea
| | - Jinhee Hyun
- Department of Social Welfare, College of Social Sciences, Daegu University, Gyeongsan, Korea
| | - Min Jhon
- Department of Psychiatry, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Ju-Wan Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Seunghyong Ryu
- Department of Psychiatry, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Ju-Yeon Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Jae-Min Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Sung-Wan Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea. .,Mindlink, Gwangju Bukgu Community Mental Health Center, Gwangju, Korea.
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12
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Park BM, Lee J, Jung BG, Lee BJ. Validation of the Anti-Inflammatory Effect of Tenebrio Molitor Larva Oil in a Colitis Mouse Model. Folia Biol (Praha) 2022; 68:50-58. [PMID: 36384262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis is caused by various external factors and is an inflammatory disease that causes decreased intestinal function. Tenebrio molitor larvae contain more than 30 % fat, and the fat component consists of 45 % oleic acid, 20 % linoleic acid and 20 % polyunsaturated fatty acids. In this study, after administering Tenebrio molitor larva oil (TMLO) in a dextran sodium sulphate (DSS)-induced ulcerative colitis mouse model, the pathological findings and inflammatory markers of colitis were analysed to assess whether a colitis mitigation effect was achieved. In the TMLO-administered group, the colon length increased, the spleen weight decreased, and the body weight increased compared with that in the DSS group. In addition, the disease activity index level decreased, the mRNA expression level of inflammatory cytokines in the colon decreased, and the myeloperoxidase activity level significantly decreased. Also, the activity of the NF-κB pathway involved in the regulation of the inflammatory response was lower in the TMLO group than in the DSS group. Taken together, these results suggest that TMLO suppresses occurrence of acute ulcerative colitis in the DSS mouse model. Therefore, TMLO has the potential to be developed as a health food for the prevention and treatment of ulcerative colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- B M Park
- Department of Veterinary Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea
| | - J Lee
- Biology Department at Morrissey College of Arts and Sciences, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467, USA
| | - B G Jung
- Department of Pulmonary Immunology, Center for Pulmonary and Infectious Diseases Control, University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, Tyler, Texas 75708, USA
| | - B J Lee
- Department of Veterinary Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea
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13
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Cui Y, Piao Y, Kim SW, Lee BJ, Kim JJ, Yu JC, Lee KY, Won SH, Lee SH, Kim SH, Kang SH, Kim E, Kim N, Chung YC. Psychological factors intervening between childhood trauma and suicidality in first-episode psychosis. Psychiatry Res 2020; 293:113465. [PMID: 32980715 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2020.113465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Several studies have investigated childhood trauma (ChT) and suicidality in psychosis. However, psychological factors intervening between ChT and suicidality are not well understood. The aims of this study were to explore the roles of negative schema and rumination in the relationship between ChT and suicidality in first-episode psychosis (FEP). Participants were 306 patients with FEP who were enrolled in the Korean Early Psychosis Cohort Study, a prospective naturalistic observational cohort study. ChT, suicidality, negative schema, and rumination were evaluated using the Early Trauma Inventory Self Report-Short Form, Columbia Suicide Severity Rating Scale, Brief Core Schema Scale, and Brooding Scale. In addition, psychopathology and depression were evaluated. Structural equation model and a phantom approach were employed to analyze the pathway from ChT to suicidality. We found close associations between ChT, rumination, negative schema, and suicidality. Importantly, negative schema played a direct intervening role in the relationship between ChT and suicidality in patients with FEP. Our findings suggest that targeting negative schema in individuals with FEP exposed to ChT will be an effective strategy for reducing suicidality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin Cui
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200030, P R China
| | - YanHong Piao
- Department of Psychiatry, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Wan Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Bong Ju Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Inje University Haeundae Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Jin Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Je-Chun Yu
- Department of Psychiatry, Eulji University School of Medicine, Eulji University Hospital, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyu Young Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Nowon Eulji Medical Center, Eulji University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Hee Won
- Department of Psychiatry, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Hwan Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Inje University Ilsan Paik Hospital, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Hyun Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Korea University College of Medicine, Guro Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Shi Hyun Kang
- Department of Social Psychiatry and Rehabilitation, National Center for Mental Health, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Euitae Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Namhee Kim
- Jeonnam Welfare Foundation, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Chul Chung
- Department of Psychiatry, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Republic of Korea; Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Jeonbuk National University, Biomedical Research Institute of Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju 561-756, Korea.
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14
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Park SC, Lee BJ, Park JH, Kawasaki H, Avasthi A, Grover S, Tanra AJ, Lin SK, Javed A, Tan CH, Sartorius N, Shinfuku N, Park YC. QT interval prolongation noted in one percent of 2553 Asian patients with schizophrenia: Findings from the REAP-AP survey. Kaohsiung J Med Sci 2020; 36:1030-1037. [PMID: 32772489 DOI: 10.1002/kjm2.12280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the association between antipsychotic use and corrected QT interval (QTc) prolongation has been repeatedly confirmed, the relationship has been rarely studied in a practical setting. Using data from the Research on Asian Psychotropic Prescription Patterns for Antipsychotics (REAP-AP) survey, our study aimed to investigate the prevalence and clinical correlates of QTc prolongation in 2553 Asian patients with schizophrenia. After adjusting for the potential effect of confounding factors, the baseline and clinical characteristics of the schizophrenia patients with and without QTc prolongation were compared using analyses of covariance and binary logistic analyses. In addition, a binary logistic analysis model with a forward selection method was used to identify the distinctive clinical correlates of QTc prolongation. QTc prolongation was noted in 1.1% of Asian patients with schizophrenia. Schizophrenia patients were characterized by lower proportions of disorganized speech and negative symptoms; higher use of amisulpride and clozapine; and higher proportions of rigidity, hypercholesterolemia, and sedation than those without QTc prolongation. Finally, a binary logistic mode showed that amisulpride, clozapine, rigidity, and hypercholesterolemia might be the distinctive clinical correlates of QTc prolongation in Asian patients with schizophrenia. These findings indicate the clinical implications that the uses of amisulpride and clozapine and the occurrences of rigidity and hypercholesterolemia may be potential risk factors for QTc prolongation of schizophrenia patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seon-Cheol Park
- Department of Psychiatry, Inje University Haeundae Paik Hospital, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Bong Ju Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Inje University Haeundae Paik Hospital, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Hong Park
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, Dong-A University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Hiroaki Kawasaki
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Ajit Avasthi
- Department of Psychiatry, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India
| | - Sandeep Grover
- Department of Psychiatry, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India
| | - Andi J Tanra
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia
| | - Shih-Ku Lin
- Psychiatric Center, Taipei City Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Afzal Javed
- Pakistan Psychiatric Research Centre, Fountain House, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Chay Hoon Tan
- Department of Pharmacology, National University Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Norman Sartorius
- Association for the Improvement of Mental Health Programmes, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Naotaka Shinfuku
- Department of Social Welfare, School of Human Sciences, Seinan Gakuin University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yong Chon Park
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Hanyang University Guri Hospital, Guri, Republic of Korea
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15
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Park SC, Kim K, Jang OJ, Yoon HJ, Jang SH, Kim SW, Lee BJ, Park JH, Lee KU, Choi J. Network Analysis of Language Disorganization in Patients with Schizophrenia. Yonsei Med J 2020; 61:726-730. [PMID: 32734737 PMCID: PMC7393296 DOI: 10.3349/ymj.2020.61.8.726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Language disorganization, an objective component of formal thought process abnormality, has been regarded as a core symptom of schizophrenia from an evolutionary psychopathology perspective. However, to the best of our knowledge, the network structure of language disorganization has rarely been examined in patients with schizophrenia. Thus, our preliminary study aimed to evaluate the network structure using the Clinical Language Disorder Rating Scale (CLANG) in 167 inpatients with schizophrenia. All 17 of the CLANG items were considered to be ordered categorical variables ranging from 0 to 3. Our results indicated that disclosure failure, excess syntactic constraints, abnormal prosody, and aprosodic speech rank among the top five central domains within the network structure. We deemed that disclosure failure and prosody problems are the most important symptoms of language disorder in schizophrenia. Thus, reduced top-down processing of linguistic information may be a core neurobiological underpinning of language disorganization in schizophrenia. Further studies controlling for the potential effects of confounding factors (i.e., duration of illness) on network analyses of language disorder and formal thought disorder are warranted in patients with schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seon Cheol Park
- Department of Psychiatry, Inje University Haeundae Paik Hospital, Busan, Korea.
| | - Kiwon Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Veteran Health Service Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ok Jin Jang
- Department of Psychiatry, Bugok National Hospital, Changyeong, Korea
| | - Hyung Jun Yoon
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Seung Ho Jang
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Korea
| | - Sung Wan Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Bong Ju Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Inje University Haeundae Paik Hospital, Busan, Korea
| | - Jae Hong Park
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, Dong-A University, Busan, Korea
| | - Kang Uk Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Kangwon University School of Medicine, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Joonho Choi
- Department of Psychiatry, Hanyang University Guri Hospital, Guri, Korea
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16
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Lee BJ, Kim SW, Kim JJ, Yu JC, Lee KY, Won SH, Lee SH, Kim SH, Kang SH, Kim E, Kim K, Piao YH, Chung YC. Defining Treatment Response, Remission, Relapse, and Recovery in First-Episode Psychosis: A Survey among Korean Experts. Psychiatry Investig 2020; 17:163-174. [PMID: 32093460 PMCID: PMC7046996 DOI: 10.30773/pi.2019.0240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Revised: 11/17/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE For the proper treatment of first-episode psychosis, assessment of treatment response, remission, relapse, and recovery is important. Therefore, the present study aimed to develop operational definitions of clinical outcomes in first-episode psychosis. METHODS A questionnaire was developed by a panel of experts and underwent three revisions. The final survey was presented to 150 psychiatrists who were members of the Korean Society for Schizophrenia Research. Respondents selected factors that they believed were important to consider while defining treatment response, remission, relapse, and recovery using a 6-point Likert scale. Selected factors that constituted each definition were statistically extracted, and operational definitions were developed. RESULTS A total of 91 experts responded to the survey. The extent of reduction in psychopathology, socio-occupational functioning, and duration of each state were the core factors of each definition. Outcomes obtained from discussions and consultations by experts have been summarized and proposed. CONCLUSION The criteria developed in this survey tended to be somewhat stricter than those used by other studies. The fundamental reason for this is that this survey focused on first-episode psychosis. A better understanding of each definition in first-episode psychosis is necessary to improve effective treatment outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bong Ju Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Inje University Haeundae Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Wan Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Jin Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Je-Chun Yu
- Department of Psychiatry, Eulji University School of Medicine, Eulji University Hospital, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyu Young Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Eulji University School of Medicine, Eulji General Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Hee Won
- Department of Psychiatry, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Hwan Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Inje University College of Medicine, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Hyun Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Korea University College of Medicine, Guro Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Shi Hyun Kang
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Euitae Kim
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Kunhyung Kim
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Institute of Environmental and Occupational Medicine, Busan Paik Hospital, Inje University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Yang Hong Piao
- Department of Psychiatry, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Chonbuk National University-Biomedical Research Institute of Chonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Chul Chung
- Department of Psychiatry, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Chonbuk National University-Biomedical Research Institute of Chonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
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Kim SW, Kim JJ, Lee BJ, Yu JC, Lee KY, Won SH, Lee SH, Kim SH, Kang SH, Kim E, Lee JY, Kim JM, Chung YC. Clinical and psychosocial factors associated with depression in patients with psychosis according to stage of illness. Early Interv Psychiatry 2020; 14:44-52. [PMID: 30919575 DOI: 10.1111/eip.12806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2018] [Revised: 01/20/2019] [Accepted: 02/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIM This study investigated the clinical characteristics and psychosocial factors associated with depression in patients with early psychosis according to stage of illness. METHODS The present study includes patients who fulfil the DSM-5 criteria for schizophrenia spectrum and other psychotic disorders. Patients were divided into two groups according to illness stage (the acute stage of first-episode psychosis and stabilization phase of recent-onset psychosis). Clinically meaningful depression was defined as moderate or severe on the depression dimension of the Clinician-Rated Dimensions of Psychosis Symptom Severity scale in the DSM-5. RESULTS In total, 340 (207 first-episode and 133 recent-onset) patients were recruited in this study. Patients with comorbid depression were characterized by frequent suicidal ideation, a past suicide attempt, and lower scores on the Subjective Well-being Under Neuroleptics and Brief Resilience Scale in both groups. Long duration of untreated psychosis and higher scores on the Early Trauma Inventory Self Report were associated with depression in the acute stage of first-episode psychosis. In the stabilization phase of recent-onset psychosis group, a monthly income and scores for sexual desire and on the Family Adaptability and Cohesion Evaluation Scale-III were significantly lower in patients with depression than in those without depression. CONCLUSION Comorbid depression was associated with high suicidality, lower quality of life and poor resilience in patients with first-episode and recent-onset psychosis. Depression was associated with factors that had been present before the initiation of treatment in patients with first-episode psychosis and with environmental factors in those in the stabilization phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Wan Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Jung Jin Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Bong Ju Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Inje University Haeundae Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Je-Chun Yu
- Department of Psychiatry, Eulji University School of Medicine, Eulji University Hospital, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Kyu Young Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Eulji University School of Medicine, Eulji General Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seung-Hee Won
- Department of Psychiatry, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Seung-Hwan Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Inje University College of Medicine, Goyang, Korea
| | - Seung-Hyun Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Korea University College of Medicine, Guro Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Shi-Hyun Kang
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Euitae Kim
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
| | - Ju-Yeon Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Jae-Min Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Young Chul Chung
- Department of Psychiatry, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
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18
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Huh L, Lee BJ. Comparison of long-term efficacy and safety of blonanserin treatment in individuals with first-episode and relapsed schizophrenia: a 3-year retrospective study. PSYCHIAT CLIN PSYCH 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/24750573.2019.1625184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Lyang Huh
- Department of Psychiatry, Military Manpower Administration, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Bong Ju Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Inje University Haeundae Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea
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19
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Cui Y, Kim SW, Lee BJ, Kim JJ, Yu JC, Lee KY, Won S, Lee SH, Kim SH, Kang SH, Kim E, Piao YH, Kang NI, Chung YC. Negative Schema and Rumination as Mediators of the Relationship Between Childhood Trauma and Recent Suicidal Ideation in Patients With Early Psychosis. J Clin Psychiatry 2019; 80. [PMID: 30946541 DOI: 10.4088/jcp.17m12088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2017] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE High rates of childhood trauma and adult suicidality have been reported in patients who have schizophrenia. This study sought to explore mediators between childhood trauma and suicidality in adulthood to help determine therapeutic approaches. METHODS This study included 314 adult patients with early psychosis who were participants in the Korean Early Psychosis Cohort Study, which was a prospective naturalistic observational cohort study started in December 2014. DSM-5 criteria were used to assign the diagnosis of schizophrenia spectrum and other psychotic disorders. Cross-sectional data obtained at baseline were used for analysis. The Early Trauma Inventory Self Report-Short Form and the Columbia Suicide Severity Rating Scale were employed to collect data on childhood trauma and suicidal ideation and attempts. Other measures were used to evaluate depression, empathy, psychopathology, and rumination. RESULTS A total of 90.1% of the participants experienced at least 1 childhood traumatic event. The rates of significant` physical punishment, emotional abuse, and sexual events were 37.3%, 35.6%, and 6.4%, respectively. The rates of recent suicidal ideation and attempts were 32.0% and 10.0%, respectively. Independent predictors of recent suicidal ideation included depression, negative schema, and rumination. Furthermore, negative schema and rumination played partial or full mediating roles in the relationship between childhood trauma and recent suicidal ideation. CONCLUSIONS These findings highlight the importance of performing careful evaluations of childhood trauma and suicidality and of developing effective strategies to reduce mediating factors that may be amenable to psychosocial approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin Cui
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P. R. China.,Department of Psychiatry, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Wan Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Bong Ju Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Inje University Haeundae Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Jin Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul St Mary's Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Je-Chun Yu
- Department of Psychiatry, Eulji University School of Medicine, Eulji University Hospital, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyu Young Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Eulji University School of Medicine, Eulji General Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seunghee Won
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Hwan Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Inje University College of Medicine, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Hyun Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Korea University College of Medicine, Guro Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Shi Hyun Kang
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Euitae Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Yan Hong Piao
- Department of Psychiatry, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Nam-In Kang
- Department of Psychiatry, Maeumsarang Hospital, Wanju, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Chul Chung
- Chonbuk National University Medical School, Department of Psychiatry, 20, Geonjiro Deokjin-gu, Jeonju, Jeollabuk-do 561-756 South Korea. .,Department of Psychiatry, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Republic of Korea.,Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Chonbuk National University-Biomedical Research Institute of Chonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
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20
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Jo YH, Choi WM, Kim DG, Zargaran A, Sohn SS, Kim HS, Lee BJ, Kim NJ, Lee S. FCC to BCC transformation-induced plasticity based on thermodynamic phase stability in novel V 10Cr 10Fe 45Co xNi 35-x medium-entropy alloys. Sci Rep 2019; 9:2948. [PMID: 30814569 PMCID: PMC6393512 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-39570-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2018] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
We introduce a novel transformation-induced plasticity mechanism, i.e., a martensitic transformation from fcc phase to bcc phase, in medium-entropy alloys (MEAs). A VCrFeCoNi MEA system is designed by thermodynamic calculations in consideration of phase stability between bcc and fcc phases. The resultantly formed bcc martensite favorably contributes to the transformation-induced plasticity, thereby leading to a significant enhancement in both strength and ductility as well as strain hardening. We reveal the microstructural evolutions according to the Co-Ni balance and their contributions to a mechanical response. The Co-Ni balance plays a leading role in phase stability and consequently tunes the cryogenic-temperature strength-ductility balance. The main difference from recently-reported metastable high-entropy dual-phase alloys is the formation of bcc martensite as a daughter phase, which shows significant effects on strain hardening. The hcp phase in the present MEA mostly acts as a nucleation site for the bcc martensite. Our findings demonstrate that the fcc to bcc transformation can be an attractive route to a new MEA design strategy for improving cryogenic strength-ductility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y H Jo
- Center for High Entropy Alloys, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 790-784, Korea
| | - W M Choi
- Center for High Entropy Alloys, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 790-784, Korea
| | - D G Kim
- Center for High Entropy Alloys, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 790-784, Korea
| | - A Zargaran
- Graduate Institute of Ferrous Technology, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 790-784, Korea
| | - S S Sohn
- Center for High Entropy Alloys, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 790-784, Korea.
| | - H S Kim
- Center for High Entropy Alloys, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 790-784, Korea
| | - B J Lee
- Center for High Entropy Alloys, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 790-784, Korea
| | - N J Kim
- Graduate Institute of Ferrous Technology, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 790-784, Korea
| | - S Lee
- Center for High Entropy Alloys, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 790-784, Korea
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21
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Won S, Lee WK, Kim SW, Kim JJ, Lee BJ, Yu JC, Lee KY, Lee SH, Kim SH, Kang SH, Kim E, Chung YC. Distinct Differences in Emotional Recognition According to Severity of Psychotic Symptoms in Early-Stage Schizophrenia. Front Psychiatry 2019; 10:564. [PMID: 31456704 PMCID: PMC6699582 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with schizophrenia are characterized by deficits in their ability to identify facial expressions of emotion, which are associated with impaired social and occupational function. An understanding of the deficits of facial affect recognition (FAR) early in the course of the illness can improve early intervention efforts to ameliorate potential functional deterioration. This study aimed to investigate the characteristics and correlations between psychotic symptoms and FAR deficits in patients with early-stage schizophrenia using data from the Korean Early Psychosis Cohort Study. Patients with schizophrenia were divided into three groups: 1) severely and markedly ill (n = 112), 2) moderately ill (n = 96), and 3) mildly ill (n = 115). These groups were compared with age- and sex-matched healthy controls. The FAR test was developed using Korean emotional faces from the Korean Facial Expressions of Emotion database. Error rates, correct response times, and nonresponse rates of each subset were calculated. Several psychopathology assessments were also performed. There were significantly more deficits associated with the recognition of anger (p < 0.01), fear (p < 0.01), and contempt (p < 0.01) in the three patient groups than in the healthy control group. In the severely and markedly ill states, all emotions apart from surprise had impaired error rates (p < 0.01 for all analyses). The error rates for happiness, sadness, disgust, surprise, and neutral faces were not significantly different between mildly ill patients and healthy controls. All emotions, except for sadness, had significantly more delayed correct response times in all patient groups than in the healthy controls (p < 0.01 for all analyses). The severity of psychotic symptoms was positively correlated with the happiness and neutral error rates, and depression was positively correlated with the happiness error rates. General social function was negatively correlated with the error rates for happiness, sadness, fear, disgust, and surprise. Overall, our results show that the severity of psychosis and clinical symptoms leads to distinct differences in certain emotions of patients with early-stage schizophrenia. It is considered that these specific emotional characteristics will help deepen our understanding of schizophrenia and contribute to early intervention and recovery of social function in patients with schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seunghee Won
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Won Kee Lee
- Medical Research Collaboration Center, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Sung-Wan Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Jung Jin Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Bong Ju Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Inje University Haeundae Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, South Korea
| | - Je-Chun Yu
- Department of Psychiatry, Eulji University School of Medicine, Eulji University Hospital, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Kyu Young Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Eulji University School of Medicine, Eulji General Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seung-Hwan Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Inje University College of Medicine, Goyang, South Korea
| | - Seung-Hyun Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Korea University College of Medicine, Guro Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Shi Hyun Kang
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Euitae Kim
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
| | - Young-Chul Chung
- Medical Research Collaboration Center, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea.,Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Chonbuk National University-Biomedical Research Institute of Chonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, South Korea
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22
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Lee JA, Heo NY, Lee BJ, Kim GM, Lee JG, Park SC. A case of Wilson’s disease presenting only with somatic preoccupation, suicidal tendencies and auditory hallucinations. PSYCHIAT CLIN PSYCH 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/24750573.2018.1556493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jung An Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Inje University Haeundae Paik Hospital, Busan, Korea
| | - Nae-Yun Heo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Inje University Haeundae Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Bong Ju Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Inje University Haeundae Paik Hospital, Busan, Korea
| | - Gyung-Mee Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Inje University Haeundae Paik Hospital, Busan, Korea
| | - Jung Goo Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Inje University Haeundae Paik Hospital, Busan, Korea
| | - Seon-Cheol Park
- Department of Psychiatry, Inje University Haeundae Paik Hospital, Busan, Korea
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23
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Jin H, Kim MG, Ko SB, Kim DH, Lee BJ, Macgregor RB, Shim G, Oh YK. Stemmed DNA nanostructure for the selective delivery of therapeutics. Nanoscale 2018; 10:7511-7518. [PMID: 29637946 DOI: 10.1039/c7nr08558c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
DNA has emerged as a biocompatible biomaterial that may be considered for various applications. Here, we report tumor cell-specific aptamer-modified DNA nanostructures for the specific recognition and delivery of therapeutic chemicals to cancer cells. Protein tyrosine kinase (PTK)7-specific DNA aptamer sequences were linked to 15 consecutive guanines. The resulting aptamer-modified product, AptG15, self-assembled into a Y-shaped structure. The presence of a G-quadruplex at AptG15 was confirmed by circular dichroism and Raman spectroscopy. The utility of AptG15 as a nanocarrier of therapeutics was tested by loading the photosensitizer, methylene blue (MB), to the G-quadruplex as a model drug. The generated MB-loaded AptG15 (MB/AptG15) showed specific and enhanced uptake to CCRF-CEM cells, which overexpress PTK7, compared with Ramos cells, which lack PTK7, or CCRF-CEM cells treated with a PTK7-specific siRNA. The therapeutic activity of MB/AptG15 was tested by triggering its photodynamic effects. Upon 660 nm light irradiation, MB/AptG15 showed greater reactive oxygen species generation and anticancer activity in PTK7-overexpressing cells compared to cells treated with MB alone, those treated with AptG15, and other comparison groups. AptG15 stemmed DNA nanostructures have significant potential for the cell-type-specific delivery of therapeutics, and possibly for the molecular imaging of target cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Jin
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
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24
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Park KM, Lee BJ, Kim TH, Mun CW, Kim SE. Teaching NeuroImages: Isolated mammillary body infarction presenting with memory impairment. Neurology 2018; 90:e1093-e1094. [DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000005178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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25
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Nucifora LG, Tanaka T, Hayes LN, Kim M, Lee BJ, Matsuda T, Nucifora Jr FC, Sedlak T, Mojtabai R, Eaton W, Sawa A. Reduction of plasma glutathione in psychosis associated with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder in translational psychiatry. Transl Psychiatry 2017; 7:e1215. [PMID: 28892069 PMCID: PMC5611744 DOI: 10.1038/tp.2017.178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2017] [Revised: 06/02/2017] [Accepted: 06/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The establishment of mechanism-driven peripheral markers is important for translational psychiatry. Many groups, including ours, have addressed molecular alterations in peripheral tissues in association with symptomatic changes in major illnesses. Oxidative stress is implicated in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia (SZ) and bipolar disorder (BP) through studies of patient peripheral tissues and animal models. Although the relationship between peripheral changes and brain pathology remain elusive, oxidative stress may bridge such translational efforts. Nonetheless, the molecular substrates of oxidative stress are not well defined in mental conditions. Glutathione (GSH) is a non-enzymatic antioxidant that eliminates free radicals, and has been suggested to have a role in SZ. We performed a cross-sectional study of 48 healthy controls (CON), 52 SZ patients and 62 BP patients to compare the levels of peripheral GSH by a biochemical enzyme assay. We show a significant reduction of plasma GSH in both SZ and BP patients compared with CON. We evaluated possible influences of clinical characteristics on the level of GSH in SZ and BP. A decrease in GSH level correlated with Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) total and positive scores for SZ and correlated with the PANSS general for BP. Taken together, we provide evidence that SZ and BP display a common molecular signature in the reduction of peripheral GSH in the psychosis dimension.
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Affiliation(s)
- L G Nucifora
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - T Tanaka
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - L N Hayes
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - M Kim
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - B J Lee
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - T Matsuda
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - F C Nucifora Jr
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - T Sedlak
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - R Mojtabai
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - W Eaton
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - A Sawa
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA,Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 600 North Wolfe Street, Meyer 3-166A, Baltimore, MD 21287 USA. E-mail:
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26
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Huh L, Lee BJ. [Efficacy of low-Dose Aripiprazole to Treat Clozapine-Associated Tardive Dystonia in a Patient with Schizophrenia]. Turk Psikiyatri Derg 2017; 28:208-211. [PMID: 28936820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Tardive dystonia (TDt) is a debilitating side effect of long-term antipsychotic treatment. Even though TDt is associated with increased psychiatric morbidity, mortality, and severely decreased quality of life, there are no treatment modalities for TDt. Clozapine has been used as a treatment option for TDt in patients with schizophrenia. Interestingly, several recent case reports have indicated that it can enhance or induce TDt. We report a case of clozapine-associated TDt that was treated with low-dose aripiprazole (0.5 mg/day). The patient was a 51-year-old Korean woman with schizophrenia that had been admitted to the psychiatric ward for her florid psychotic symptoms. The patient's TDt symptoms began to develop after 1 year of clozapine (200 mg/day) treatment. Her motor symptoms improved markedly after adding low-dose aripiprazole (0.5 mg/day) to clozapine (175 mg/day). Aripiprazole is a dopamine D2 receptor partial agonist that exhibits partial agonistic activity against serotonin-1A (5-HT1A) receptors and full antagonistic activity against 5-HT2A receptors. The dopaminergic tone in the surrounding milieu is important for aripiprazole activity. In addition, antioxidative effects of aripiprazole may manage the neurotoxic effects of clozapine. To our knowledge, only one report has described a patient with clozapine-associated TDt that was treated with moderate doses of aripiprazole (10-15 mg). This case report may be the first report of low-dose aripiprazole treatment of clozapine-associated TDt.
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27
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Kim SW, Lee BJ, Kim JJ, Yu JC, Lee KY, Won SH, Lee SH, Kim SH, Kang SH, Chung YC. Design and Methodology of the Korean Early Psychosis Cohort Study. Psychiatry Investig 2017; 14:93-99. [PMID: 28096881 PMCID: PMC5240457 DOI: 10.4306/pi.2017.14.1.93] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2016] [Revised: 03/21/2016] [Accepted: 03/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study details the rationale and methodology of the Korean Early Psychosis Cohort Study (KEPS), which is a clinical cohort investigation of first episode psychosis patients from a Korean population. The KEPS is a prospective naturalistic observational cohort study that follows the participants for at least 2 years. This study includes patients between 18 and 45 years of age who fulfill the criteria for one of schizophrenia spectrum and other psychotic disorders according to the diagnostic criteria of DSM-5. Early psychosis is defined as first episode patients who received antipsychotic treatment for fewer than 4 consecutive weeks after the onset of illness or stabilized patients in the early stages of the disorder whose duration of illness was less than 2 years from the initiation of antipsychotic treatment. The primary outcome measures are treatment response, remission, recovery, and relapse. Additionally, several laboratory tests are conducted and a variety of objective and subjective psychiatric measures assessing early life trauma, lifestyle pattern, and social and cognitive functioning are administered. This long-term prospective cohort study may contribute to the development of early intervention strategies and the improvement of long-term outcomes in patients with schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Wan Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Bong Ju Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Inje University Haeundae Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Jin Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Je-Chun Yu
- Department of Psychiatry, Eulji University School of Medicine, Eulji University Hospital, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyu Young Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Eulji University School of Medicine, Eulji General Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Hee Won
- Department of Psychiatry, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Hwan Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Inje University College of Medicine, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Hyun Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Korea University College of Medicine, Guro Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Shi Hyun Kang
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Chul Chung
- Department of Psychiatry, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
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Lee BJ. Aripiprazole Treatment in a Patient with Schizophrenia and Severe Antipsychotic-Induced Parkinsonism Following Long-Term use of Methylphenidate: A Case Report. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.5455/bcp.20150908025240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Bong Ju Lee
- Inje University College of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Busan, Republic of Korea
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Ben SB, Peng B, Wang GC, Li C, Gu HF, Jiang H, Meng XL, Lee BJ, Chen CL. Overexpression of Selenoprotein SelK in BGC-823 Cells Inhibits Cell Adhesion and Migration. Biochemistry (Mosc) 2016; 80:1344-53. [PMID: 26567579 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297915100168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Effects of human selenoprotein SelK on the adhesion and migration ability of human gastric cancer BGC-823 cells using Matrigel adhesion and transwell migration assays, respectively, were investigated in this study. The Matrigel adhesion ability of BGC-823 cells that overexpressed SelK declined extremely significantly (p < 0.01) compared with that of the cells not expressing the protein. The migration ability of BGC-823 cells that overexpressed SelK also declined extremely significantly (p < 0.01). On the other hand, the Matrigel adhesion ability and migration ability of the cells that overexpressed C-terminally truncated SelK did not decline significantly. The Matrigel adhesion ability and migration ability of human embryonic kidney HEK-293 cells that overexpressed SelK did not show significant change (p > 0.05) with the cells that overexpressed the C-terminally truncated protein. In addition to the effect on Matrigel adhesion and migration, the overexpression of SelK also caused a loss in cell viability (as measured by 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H tetrazolium bromide (MTT) colorimetric assay) and induced apoptosis as shown by confocal microscopy and flow cytometry. The cytosolic free Ca2+ level of these cells was significantly increased as detected by flow cytometry. But the overexpression of SelK in HEK-293 cells caused neither significant loss in cell viability nor apoptosis induction. Only the elevation of cytosolic free Ca2+ level in these cells was significant. Taken together, the results suggest that the overexpression of SelK can inhibit human cancer cell Matrigel adhesion and migration and cause both the loss in cell viability and induction of apoptosis. The release of intracellular Ca2+ from the endoplasmic reticulum might be a mechanism whereby the protein exerted its impact. Furthermore, only the full-length protein, but not C-terminally truncated form, was capable of producing such impact. The embryonic cells were not influenced by the elevation of free Ca2+ level in cytosol, probably due to their much greater tolerance to the variation.
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Affiliation(s)
- S B Ben
- School of Life Science, Liaoning University, Shenyang, 110036, China.
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Park SW, Nhu LH, Cho HY, Seo MK, Lee CH, Ly NN, Choi CM, Lee BJ, Kim GM, Seol W, Lee JG, Kim YH. p11 mediates the BDNF-protective effects in dendritic outgrowth and spine formation in B27-deprived primary hippocampal cells. J Affect Disord 2016; 196:1-10. [PMID: 26896741 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2016.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2015] [Revised: 10/28/2015] [Accepted: 02/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND p11 (S100A10) is a key regulator of depression-like behaviors and antidepressant drug response in rodent models. Recent studies suggest that p11 mediates the behavioral antidepressant action of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in rodents. BDNF improves neural plasticity, which is linked to the cellular actions of antidepressant drugs. In the present study, we investigated whether p11 regulated BDNF action on neural plasticity in vitro. METHODS We generated primary hippocampal cultures. p11 expression, total dendritic length, and spine density were investigated under toxic conditions induced by B27 deprivation, which causes hippocampal cell death. RESULTS B27 deprivation significantly decreased p11 expression. Treatment with BDNF significantly prevented the B27 deprivation-induced decrease in p11 levels in a concentration-dependent manner, whereas these concentrations had no effect on control cultures. B27 deprivation significantly reduced the total length of hippocampal dendrites and spine density. BDNF increased the total dendritic length and spine density in conditions with or without B27. Furthermore, p11 knockdown through small interfering RNA (siRNA) transfection blocked these effects. The overexpression of p11 in B27-deprived cells increased the total dendritic length and spine density, and treatment with BDNF potentiated these effects. LIMITATION This study should be confirmed in animal models of depression. CONCLUSION Taken together, our data suggest that BDNF-induced improvement in neural plasticity may depend on the regulation of p11 in hippocampal cells with B27 deprivation. These results provide evidence to strengthen the theoretical basis of a role for p11 in BDNF-induced antidepressant action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Woo Park
- Paik Institute for Clinical Research, Inje University, Busan, Republic of Korea; Department of health science and technology, Graduate School of Inje University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Le Hoa Nhu
- Department of health science and technology, Graduate School of Inje University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Yeon Cho
- Paik Institute for Clinical Research, Inje University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi Kyoung Seo
- Paik Institute for Clinical Research, Inje University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Chan Hong Lee
- Paik Institute for Clinical Research, Inje University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Nguyen Ngoc Ly
- Department of health science and technology, Graduate School of Inje University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheol Min Choi
- Department of health science and technology, Graduate School of Inje University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Bong Ju Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Haeundae Paik Hospital, Inje University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Gyung-Mee Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Haeundae Paik Hospital, Inje University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Wongi Seol
- InAm Neuroscience Research Center, Wonkwang University, Sanbon Hospital, Gunpo, kyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Goo Lee
- Paik Institute for Clinical Research, Inje University, Busan, Republic of Korea; Department of health science and technology, Graduate School of Inje University, Busan, Republic of Korea; Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Haeundae Paik Hospital, Inje University, Busan, Republic of Korea.
| | - Young Hoon Kim
- Paik Institute for Clinical Research, Inje University, Busan, Republic of Korea; Department of health science and technology, Graduate School of Inje University, Busan, Republic of Korea; Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Haeundae Paik Hospital, Inje University, Busan, Republic of Korea.
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Seo MK, Ly NN, Lee CH, Cho HY, Choi CM, Nhu LH, Lee JG, Lee BJ, Kim GM, Yoon BJ, Park SW, Kim YH. Early life stress increases stress vulnerability through BDNF gene epigenetic changes in the rat hippocampus. Neuropharmacology 2016; 105:388-397. [PMID: 26877199 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2016.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2015] [Revised: 01/20/2016] [Accepted: 02/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Early life stress (ELS) exerts long-lasting epigenetic influences on the brain and makes an individual susceptible to later depression. It is poorly understood whether ELS and subsequent adult chronic stress modulate epigenetic mechanisms. We examined the epigenetic mechanisms of the BDNF gene in the hippocampus, which may underlie stress vulnerability to postnatal maternal separation (MS) and adult restraint stress (RS). Rat pups were separated from their dams (3 h/day from P1-P21). When the pups reached adulthood (8 weeks old), we introduced RS (2 h/day for 3 weeks) followed by escitalopram treatment. We showed that both the MS and RS groups expressed reduced levels of total and exon IV BDNF mRNA. Furthermore, RS potentiated MS-induced decreases in these expression levels. Similarly, both the MS and RS groups showed decreased levels of acetylated histone H3 and H4 at BDNF promoter IV, and RS exacerbated MS-induced decreases of H3 and H4 acetylation. Both the MS and RS groups had increased MeCP2 levels at BDNF promoter IV, as well as increased HDAC5 mRNA, and the combination of MS and RS exerted a greater effect on these parameters than did RS alone. In the forced swimming test, the immobility time of the MS + RS group was significantly higher than that of the RS group. Additionally, chronic escitalopram treatment recovered these alterations. Our results suggest that postnatal MS and subsequent adult RS modulate epigenetic changes in the BDNF gene, and that these changes may be related to behavioral phenotype. These epigenetic mechanisms are involved in escitalopram action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi Kyoung Seo
- Paik Institute for Clinical Research, Republic of Korea
| | - Nguyen Ngoc Ly
- Department of Health Science and Technology, Graduate School of Inje University, Republic of Korea
| | - Chan Hong Lee
- Paik Institute for Clinical Research, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Yeon Cho
- Paik Institute for Clinical Research, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheol Min Choi
- Department of Health Science and Technology, Graduate School of Inje University, Republic of Korea
| | - Le Hoa Nhu
- Department of Health Science and Technology, Graduate School of Inje University, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Goo Lee
- Paik Institute for Clinical Research, Republic of Korea; Department of Health Science and Technology, Graduate School of Inje University, Republic of Korea; Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Haeundae Paik Hospital, Inje University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Bong Ju Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Haeundae Paik Hospital, Inje University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Gyung-Mee Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Haeundae Paik Hospital, Inje University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Bong June Yoon
- College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Woo Park
- Paik Institute for Clinical Research, Republic of Korea; Department of Health Science and Technology, Graduate School of Inje University, Republic of Korea.
| | - Young Hoon Kim
- Paik Institute for Clinical Research, Republic of Korea; Department of Health Science and Technology, Graduate School of Inje University, Republic of Korea; Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Haeundae Paik Hospital, Inje University, Busan, Republic of Korea.
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Lee BJ, Sukri NM, Ogden H, Vine C, Thake CD, Turner JE, Bilzon JLJ. A comparison of two commercially available ELISA methods for the quantification of human plasma heat shock protein 70 during rest and exercise stress. Cell Stress Chaperones 2015; 20:917-26. [PMID: 26111949 PMCID: PMC4595431 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-015-0610-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2015] [Revised: 06/01/2015] [Accepted: 06/04/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
This study compared resting and exercise heat/hypoxic stress-induced levels of plasma extracellular heat shock protein 70 (eHSP70) in humans using two commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELIS)A kits. EDTA plasma samples were collected from 21 males during two separate investigations. Participants in part A completed a 60-min treadmill run in the heat (HOT70; 33.0 ± 0.1 °C, 28.7 ± 0.8 %, n = 6) at 70 % V̇O2max. Participants in part B completed 60 min of cycling exercise at 50 % V̇O2max in either hot (HOT50; 40.5 °C, 25.4 relative humidity (RH)%, n = 7) or hypoxic (HYP50; fraction of inspired oxygen (FIO2) = 0.14, 21 °C, 35 % RH, n = 8) conditions. Samples were collected prior to and immediately upon termination of exercise and analysed for eHSP70 using EKS-715 high-sensitivity HSP70 ELISA and new ENZ-KIT-101 Amp'd(™) HSP70 high-sensitivity ELISA. ENZ-KIT was superior in detecting resting eHSP70 (1.54 ± 3.27 ng · mL(-1); range 0.08 to 14.01 ng · mL(-1)), with concentrations obtained from 100 % of samples compared to 19 % with EKS-715 assay. The ENZ-KIT requires optimisation prior to running samples in order to ensure participants fall within the standard curve, a step not required with EKS-715. Using ENZ-KIT, a 1:4 dilution allowed for quantification of resting HSP70 in 26/32 samples, with a 1:8 (n = 3) and 1:16 (n = 3) dilution required to determine the remaining samples. After exercise, eHSP70 was detected in 6/21 and 21/21 samples using EKS-715 and ENZ-KIT, respectively. eHSP70 was increased from rest after HOT70 (p < 0.05), but not HOT50 (p > 0.05) or HYP50 (p > 0.05) when analysed using ENZ-KIT. It is recommended that future studies requiring the precise determination of resting plasma eHSP70 use the ENZ-KIT (i.e. HSP70 Amp'd(®) ELISA) instead of the EKS-715 assay, despite additional assay development time and cost required.
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Affiliation(s)
- B J Lee
- Department for Health, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK.
- Department of Biomolecular and Sport Sciences, Coventry University, Priory Street, Coventry, UK.
| | - N M Sukri
- Department for Health, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK
| | - H Ogden
- Department for Health, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK
| | - C Vine
- Department for Health, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK
| | - C D Thake
- Department of Biomolecular and Sport Sciences, Coventry University, Priory Street, Coventry, UK
| | - J E Turner
- Department for Health, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK
| | - J L J Bilzon
- Department for Health, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK
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Huh L, Lee BJ. Efficacy of aripiprazole in antidepressants-induced tardive dystonia and tardive dyskinesia: a case report. Psychiatr Danub 2015; 27:195-197. [PMID: 26057318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lyang Huh
- Department of Psychiatry, Haeundae Paik Hospital, School of Medicine, Inje University, 875 Haeun-daero, Haeundae-gu, Busan, Republic of Korea
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Park SW, Lee JG, Seo MK, Cho HY, Lee CH, Lee JH, Lee BJ, Baek JH, Seol W, Kim YH. Effects of mood-stabilizing drugs on dendritic outgrowth and synaptic protein levels in primary hippocampal neurons. Bipolar Disord 2015; 17:278-90. [PMID: 25307211 DOI: 10.1111/bdi.12262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2014] [Accepted: 07/23/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Mood-stabilizing drugs, such as lithium (Li) and valproate (VPA), are widely used for the treatment of bipolar disorder, a disease marked by recurrent episodes of mania and depression. Growing evidence suggests that Li exerts neurotrophic and neuroprotective effects, leading to an increase in neural plasticity. The present study investigated whether other mood-stabilizing drugs produce similar effects in primary hippocampal neurons. METHODS The effects of the mood-stabilizing drugs Li, VPA, carbamazepine (CBZ), and lamotrigine (LTG) on hippocampal dendritic outgrowth were examined. Western blotting analysis was used to measure the expression of synaptic proteins - that is, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), postsynaptic density protein-95 (PSD-95), neuroligin 1 (NLG1), β-neurexin, and synaptophysin (SYP). To determine neuroprotective effects, we used a B27-deprivation cytotoxicity model which causes hippocampal cell death upon removal of B27 from the culture medium. RESULTS Li (0.5-2.0 mM), VPA (0.5-2.0 mM), CBZ (0.01-0.10 mM), and LTG (0.01-0.10 mM) significantly increased dendritic outgrowth. The neurotrophic effect of Li and VPA was blocked by inhibition of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, extracellular signal-regulated kinase, and protein kinase A signaling; the effects of CBZ and LTG were not affected by inhibition of these signaling pathways. Li, VPA, and CBZ prevented B27 deprivation-induced decreases in BDNF, PSD-95, NLG1, β-neurexin, and SYP levels, whereas LTG did not. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that Li, VPA, CBZ, and LTG exert neurotrophic effects by promoting dendritic outgrowth; however, the mechanism of action differs. Furthermore, certain mood-stabilizing drugs may exert neuroprotective effects by enhancing synaptic protein levels against cytotoxicity in hippocampal cultures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Woo Park
- Paik Institute for Clinical Research, Inje University, Busan, Korea; Department of Health Science and Technology, Graduate School of Inje University, Busan, Korea
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Lee SD, Lee BJ, Park JJ, Kim JS, Bak YT. Education and imaging. Gastrointestinal: Impacted gastric balloon in small bowel. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2015; 30:1. [PMID: 25536457 DOI: 10.1111/jgh.12825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S D Lee
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul, Korea
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Affiliation(s)
- E S Kim
- Glaxo Smith Kline Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - B J Lee
- Glaxo Smith Kline Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - G W Lee
- Glaxo Smith Kline Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ar Jung
- Glaxo Smith Kline Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - H S Hwang
- Glaxo Smith Kline Korea, Seoul, South Korea
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Seo MK, Lee CH, Cho HY, Lee JG, Lee BJ, Kim JE, Seol W, Kim YH, Park SW. Effects of antidepressant drugs on synaptic protein levels and dendritic outgrowth in hippocampal neuronal cultures. Neuropharmacology 2014; 79:222-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2013.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2013] [Revised: 11/07/2013] [Accepted: 11/21/2013] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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Lee BJ, Lee SJ, Kim MK, Lee JG, Park SW, Kim GM, Kim YH. Effect of aripiprazole on cognitive function and hyperprolactinemia in patients with schizophrenia treated with risperidone. Clin Psychopharmacol Neurosci 2013; 11:60-6. [PMID: 24023549 PMCID: PMC3766756 DOI: 10.9758/cpn.2013.11.2.60] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2012] [Revised: 10/08/2012] [Accepted: 02/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Objective This study aimed to assess the efficacy of aripiprazole for the management of cognitive impairments and hyperprolactinemia in patients with schizophrenia on a stable dose of risperidone. Methods Thirty-five subjects stabilized on risperidone (3-6 mg/day) for a minimum of 3 months were enrolled in a double-blind, placebo-controlled phase for 12 weeks and an open-label phase for another 12 weeks. Subjects were randomly assigned to receive 10 mg/day aripiprazole (n=17) or placebo (n=18). Over the following 12 weeks, the the aripiprazole group received a flexible dose of aripiprazole while tapering risperidone. At baseline, week 12, and week 24, subjects were evaluated using the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS), Extrapyramidal Syndrome Rating Scale (ESRS), and standardized neuropsychological assessments. Serum prolactin levels were checked at baseline, week 1, week 2, and week 24. Results The mean change in total PANSS and cognitive function test scores between baseline and endpoint were similar in the aripiprazole and placebo groups. Scores on the ESRS and negative subscale of PANSS differed significantly between groups in both phases of the study (p<0.05), indicating a positive effect of aripiprazole. Compared with placebo, aripiprazole significantly reduced mean baseline serum prolactin levels within 1 week (p=0.015). Conclusion Adjunctive treatment with and switching to aripiprazole were not associated with improved cognitive function in patients with schizophrenia receiving risperidone; however, aripiprazole treatment decreased negative symptoms and risperidone-induced motor side effects and lowered serum prolactin levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bong Ju Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Inje University Haeundae Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea
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Fang ZH, Lee CH, Seo MK, Cho H, Lee JG, Lee BJ, Park SW, Kim YH. Effect of treadmill exercise on the BDNF-mediated pathway in the hippocampus of stressed rats. Neurosci Res 2013; 76:187-94. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2013.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2012] [Revised: 04/26/2013] [Accepted: 04/26/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Seo MK, Cho HY, Lee CH, Koo KA, Park YK, Lee JG, Lee BJ, Park SW, Kim YH. Antioxidant and Proliferative Activities of Bupleuri Radix Extract Against Serum Deprivation in SH-SY5Y Cells. Psychiatry Investig 2013; 10:81-8. [PMID: 23483021 PMCID: PMC3590436 DOI: 10.4306/pi.2013.10.1.81] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2012] [Revised: 11/06/2012] [Accepted: 11/06/2012] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Bupleuri Radix (BR) is a major component of several Oriental herbal medicines used to treat stress and mental illness. There are evidences that antidepressant drugs modulate oxidative damage implicated in the pathophysiology of neuropsychiatric disorder, including depression. The aim of the present study was to investigate antioxidant and proliferative effects of BR against oxidative stress induced by serum deprivation in SH-SY5Y cells. METHODS We examined the antioxidant effects of BR on a number of measures, including cell viability, formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and levels of both Bcl-2 and Bax. We also investigated the effects of BR on cell proliferation using the bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) assay, and used Western blot analysis to measure changes in expression of the cell cycle phase regulators. RESULTS 1) Serum deprivation significantly induced the loss of cell viability, the formation of ROS, the reduction of SOD activity, down-regulation of Bcl-2 expression and up-regulation of Bax expression. However, BR extract reversed these effects in dose-dependent manner. 2) Serum deprivation significantly reduced cell proliferation. Western blot analysis revealed that serum deprivation significantly decreased cyclinD1 and phosphorylated retinoblastoma (pRb) expression, and increased p27 expression. On the other hand, BR dose dependently reversed these effects. CONCLUSION This study suggests that aqueous extract of BR may exert potent antioxidant effects and also play an important role in regulating cell cycle progression during neurogenesis. These effects of BR may be a potentially important mechanism of antidepressant underlying the observed antioxidant and proliferative effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi Kyoung Seo
- Department of Psychiatry, Inje University School of Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea
- Paik Institute for Clinical Research, Inje University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Yeon Cho
- Paik Institute for Clinical Research, Inje University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Chan Hong Lee
- Paik Institute for Clinical Research, Inje University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Ah Koo
- Department of Biological Science, University of the Science in Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Yong Ki Park
- College of Oriental Medicine, Dongguk University, Gyeongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Goo Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Inje University School of Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea
- Department of Psychiatry, Haeundae Paik Hospital, Inje University, Busan, Republic of Korea
- Paik Institute for Clinical Research, Inje University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Bong Ju Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Inje University School of Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea
- Department of Psychiatry, Haeundae Paik Hospital, Inje University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Woo Park
- Paik Institute for Clinical Research, Inje University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Hoon Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Inje University School of Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea
- Department of Psychiatry, Haeundae Paik Hospital, Inje University, Busan, Republic of Korea
- Paik Institute for Clinical Research, Inje University, Busan, Republic of Korea
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Park SW, Lee CH, Cho HY, Seo MK, Lee JG, Lee BJ, Seol W, Kee BS, Kim YH. Effects of antipsychotic drugs on the expression of synaptic proteins and dendritic outgrowth in hippocampal neuronal cultures. Synapse 2013; 67:224-34. [PMID: 23335099 DOI: 10.1002/syn.21634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2012] [Accepted: 12/18/2012] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Recent evidence has suggested that atypical antipsychotic drugs regulate synaptic plasticity. We investigated whether some atypical antipsychotic drugs (olanzapine, aripiprazole, quetiapine, and ziprasidone) altered the expression of synapse-associated proteins in rat hippocampal neuronal cultures under toxic conditions induced by B27 deprivation. A typical antipsychotic, haloperidol, was used for comparison. We measured changes in the expression of various synaptic proteins including postsynaptic density protein-95 (PSD-95), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), and synaptophysin (SYP). Then we examined whether these drugs affected the dendritic morphology of hippocampal neurons. We found that olanzapine, aripiprazole, and quetiapine, but not haloperidol, significantly hindered the B27 deprivation-induced decrease in the levels of these synaptic proteins. Ziprasidone did not affect PSD-95 or BDNF levels, but significantly increased the levels of SYP under B27 deprivation conditions. Moreover, olanzapine and aripiprazole individually significantly increased the levels of PSD-95 and BDNF, respectively, even under normal conditions, whereas haloperidol decreased the levels of PSD-95. These drugs increased the total outgrowth of hippocampal dendrites via PI3K signaling, whereas haloperidol had no effect in this regard. Together, these results suggest that the up-regulation of synaptic proteins and dendritic outgrowth may represent key effects of some atypical antipsychotic drugs but that haloperidol may be associated with distinct actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Woo Park
- Paik Institute for Clinical Research, Inje University, Busan, Republic of Korea
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Lee J, Lee BJ, Yoon HI, Lee CT, Lee JH. Influence of previous tuberculosis treatment history on acid-fast bacilli smear and culture conversion. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 2013; 16:1344-8. [PMID: 23107634 DOI: 10.5588/ijtld.12.0113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
SETTING A teaching hospital in the Republic of Korea, 2003-2009. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effect of previous tuberculosis (TB) treatment history on sputum smear and culture conversion. DESIGN Data, including sputum acid-fast bacilli (AFB) results at baseline and at weeks 2, 4, 8, 12, 16, 20 and 24, were collected from patients with AFB sputum smear-positive and culture-confirmed pulmonary TB. Patients with multidrug-resistant TB or those with poor adherence were excluded. AFB conversion was compared between patients with a previous history of anti-tuberculosis treatment and those without. RESULTS The median age of the 208 patients was 49.0 years; 58.3% were male, while 43 (20.7%) had a history of previous anti-tuberculosis treatment. Patients with a history of previous treatment had significantly lower sputum smear-negative conversion at 2 weeks of treatment compared with patients without (70.0% vs. 44.8%, P = 0.005). However, the two groups did not differ in culture conversion and in smear conversion at 4, 8, 12, 16, 20 and 24 weeks of anti-tuberculosis treatment. CONCLUSION Patients with a history of previous anti-tuberculosis treatment are more likely to have positive sputum AFB smear at 2 weeks of treatment. However, sputum culture conversion is not affected by previous treatment history.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Lee
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine and Lung Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
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Abstract
SnO2 thin films were fabricated using low-pressure thermal chemical vapor deposition. The results of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy revealed that the SiO2 layer with an O1S-binding energy of 531.2 eV was formed before the SnO2 layer with an O1S-binding energy of 530.5 eV was formed. In the beginning, the SnO2 thin film showed Sn3d5-binding energy peaks of 485 eV and 486.5 eV. Subsequently, it grew in the direction of 486.5 eV. The Sn3d5-binding strength of the SnO2+x thin film that was annealed in oxygen atmosphere was weaker than that of the SnO2 thin film. Additionally, the Sn3d5-binding strength decreased linearly as the depth of the thin film increased. The surface O1S-binding strength of the SnO2+x thin film annealed in oxygen atmosphere was stronger than that of the SnO2 thin film; however, this strength became weaker than that that of the SnO2 thin film when the depth of the thin film was 2500A or higher.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Jeong
- Department of Physics, Chosun University, Gwang Ju, 501-759, South Korea
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Yun JW, Park JJ, Kim KH, Noh HJ, Kwon MJ, Lee SY, Joo MK, Lee BJ, Kim JS, Bak YT. Successful endoscopic submucosal dissection for triple sporadic nonampullary duodenal adenomas using a "push and peel off" technique. Endoscopy 2012; 44 Suppl 2 UCTN:E25-6. [PMID: 22396260 DOI: 10.1055/s-0031-1291504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J-W Yun
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Guro Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Lee BJ, Choi HG, Kim CK, Parrott KA, Ayres JW, Sack RL. Solubility and stability of melatonin in propylene glycol and 2-hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin vehicles. Arch Pharm Res 2012; 20:560-5. [PMID: 18982260 DOI: 10.1007/bf02975212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/1997] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The physicochemical properties of melatonin (MT) in propylene glycol (PG) and 2-hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin (2-HPbetaCD) vehicles were characterized. MT was endothermally decomposed as determined by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Melting point and heat of fusion obtained were 116.9+/-0.24 degrees C and 7249+/-217 cal/mol, respectively. MT as received from a manufacture was very pure, at least 99.9%. The solubility of MT in PG solution increased slowly until reaching 40% PG and then steeply increased. Solubility of MT increased linearly as concentration of 2-HPbetaCD without PG increased (R(2)=0.993). MT solubility in the mixtures of PG and 2-HPbetaCD also increased linearly but was less than the sum of its solubility in 2-HPbetaCD and PG individually. The MT solubility was low in water, simulated gastric or intestinal fluid but the highest in the mixture of PG (40 v/v%) and 2-HPbetaCD (30 w/v%) although efficiency of MT solubilization in 2-HPbetaCD decreased as the concentration of PG increased. MT was degraded in a fashion of the first order kinetics (r(2)>0.90). MT was unstable in strong acidic solution (HCl-NaCl buffer, pH 1.4) but relatively stable in other pH values of 4 approximately 10 at 70 degrees C. In HCl-NaCl buffer, MT in 10% PG was more quickly degraded and then slowed down at a higher concentration. However, the degradation rate constant of MT in 2-HPbetaCD was not changed significantly when compared to the water. The current studies can be applied to the dosage formulations for the purpose of enhancing percutaneous absorption or bioavailability of MT.
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Affiliation(s)
- B J Lee
- Biological Rhythm and Controlled Release Lab., College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, 200-701, Chuncheon, Korea
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Lee BJ, Hendricks DG, Cornforth DP. Effect of sodium phytate, sodium pyrophosphate and sodium tripolyphosphate on physico-chemical characteristics of restructured beef. Meat Sci 2012; 50:273-83. [PMID: 22061146 DOI: 10.1016/s0309-1740(98)00002-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/1997] [Revised: 12/17/1997] [Accepted: 12/17/1997] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The effects of 0.5% sodium phytate (SPT), sodium pyrophosphate (SPP), and sodium tripolyphosphate (STPP), along with 1% NaCl, on physico-chemical properties of restructured raw and cooked beef were evaluated. In raw beef stored for 1 day at 4 ° C, the SPT, SPP, and STPP increased pH and salt-soluble protein level and decreased %MetMb and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), compared to the control with salt alone (p < 0.05). In cooked beef, SPT, SPP, and STPP increased bind strength, cook yield, moisture level, and pH, and decreased TBARS (p < 0.05). SPP and STPP increased orthophosphate in both raw and cooked beef (p < 0.05), compared to the SPT and control. SPT, SPP, and STPP decreased the Hunter color L and b values and increased a value in raw beef (p < 0.05) but had no effect on the Hunter color values in cooked beef. The binding value of SPP and STPP were similar over time, and the time to reach maximum binding strength was 10s longer than SPT and 25s longer than the control. These results indicate that SPT compares favorably with traditional phosphates for bind strength and cooked yield, but SPT was slightly more effective than other phosphates for reduction of TBARS 1 day after cooking.
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Affiliation(s)
- B J Lee
- Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84322-8700, USA
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Lee JG, Lee SW, Lee BJ, Park SW, Kim GM, Kim YH. Adjunctive memantine therapy for cognitive impairment in chronic schizophrenia: a placebo-controlled pilot study. Psychiatry Investig 2012; 9:166-73. [PMID: 22707968 PMCID: PMC3372565 DOI: 10.4306/pi.2012.9.2.166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2011] [Revised: 12/25/2011] [Accepted: 02/24/2012] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effects of memantine, an N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist, on cognitive impairments in patients with chronic schizophrenia. METHODS A 12-week, placebo-controlled trial was conducted to determine the effectiveness of memantine as an adjunctive treatment with conventional antipsychotic medications in 26 patients with chronic schizophrenia. The subjects were evaluated with the Korean version of the Mini-Mental State Examination (K-MMSE), the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS), the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HAM-D), and a standard neuropsychological screening test. RESULTS Memantine treatment was not associated with significantly improved cognitive test scores compared with the placebo control treatment. An improvement in the scores on the PANSS negative subscale was noted with memantine, but it was not significant. CONCLUSION Adjunctive memantine treatment did not improve cognitive functioning or affect psychopathology in patients with chronic schizophrenia in the present study. Memantine, however, was tolerated well and did not exacerbate positive symptoms in patients with chronic schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Goo Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Haeundae Paik Hospital, College of Medicine and Paik Institute for Clinical Research, Inje University, Busan, Korea
| | - Sae Woom Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Jamyung Hospital, Busan, Korea
| | - Bong Ju Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Haeundae Paik Hospital, College of Medicine, Inje University, Busan, Korea
| | - Sung Woo Park
- Department of Neuroscience Research, Paik Institute for Clinical Research, Inje University, Busan, Korea
| | - Gyung Mee Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Haeundae Paik Hospital, College of Medicine, Inje University, Busan, Korea
| | - Young Hoon Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Haeundae Paik Hospital, School of Medicine and Paik Institute for Clinical Research, FIRST Research Group, Inje University, Busan, Korea
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Ben SB, Wang QY, Xia L, Xia JZ, Cui J, Wang J, Yang F, Bai H, Shim MS, Lee BJ, Sun LG, Chen CL. Selenoprotein dSelK in Drosophila elevates release of Ca2+ from endoplasmic reticulum by upregulating expression of inositol 1,4,5-tris-phosphate receptor. Biochemistry (Mosc) 2012; 76:1030-6. [PMID: 22082272 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297911090070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
dSelK (G-rich), a homolog of human and mouse SelK, is one of three selenoproteins in Drosophila melanogaster. It is the only trans-membrane selenoprotein in D. melanogaster integrated into both the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane and the Golgi apparatus. The gene expression profile of Drosophila Schneider 2 (S2) cells after the dsRNA interference (dsRNAi) targeting of dSelK was examined with the GeneChip Drosophila Genome 2.0 Array (Affymetrix), a high-density oligonucleotide microarray encompassing nearly the full Drosophila genome. The results showed that the transcriptional expression of eight genes whose proteins are located on (or related to) the ER or the Golgi apparatus was highly induced or repressed by the dsRNAi treatment. The mRNA levels of the inositol 1,4,5-tris-phosphate receptor (IP3 receptor), whose gene product is integrated into the ER membrane and regulates the release of Ca2+ from the ER to the cytosol, were significantly downregulated. In contrast, the expression of inositol 1,4,5-tris-phosphate kinase 1, which is a cytosolic protein with opposing functions to the IP3 receptor, was significantly upregulated. Quantitative real-time PCR verified these results. The concentration of intracellular free Ca2+ of the Drosophila S2 cells was significantly decreased after the knockdown of dSelK, whereas overexpression of dSelK significantly increased the intracellular free Ca2+ concentration. These results indicate that dSelK in D. melanogaster is involved in regulating the release of Ca2+ from the ER to the cytosol and may play important roles in the signal transduction pathways involving Ca2+ mobilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- S B Ben
- School of Life Science, Liaoning University, Shenyang, China.
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Park SW, Phuong VT, Lee CH, Lee JG, Seo MK, Cho HY, Fang ZH, Lee BJ, Kim YH. Effects of antipsychotic drugs on BDNF, GSK-3β, and β-catenin expression in rats subjected to immobilization stress. Neurosci Res 2011; 71:335-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2011.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2011] [Revised: 08/09/2011] [Accepted: 08/12/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Park SW, Seo MK, Cho HY, Goo Lee J, Ju Lee B, Seol W, Kim YH. Differential effects of amisulpride and haloperidol on dopamine D2 receptor-mediated signaling in SH-SY5Y cells. Neuropharmacology 2011; 61:761-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2011.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2010] [Revised: 05/12/2011] [Accepted: 05/17/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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