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Campbell B, Muse S, Welchman S, Hardy T, Guy A. The surgical care of diabetic feet: a survey about clinics, acute care, and the surgical specialists involved. Ann R Coll Surg Engl 2023; 105:623-626. [PMID: 37652087 PMCID: PMC10471430 DOI: 10.1308/rcsann.2023.0010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Diabetic foot problems are becoming increasingly common. Diabetic foot care services are fundamental in managing them, and there is the further issue of acute surgery for foot sepsis. The involvement of different surgical specialists has been variable; this survey aimed to provide information about current service provision. METHODS Questionnaires were emailed to Vascular Society members, and targeted approaches were then undertaken. RESULTS We aimed to obtain information from 61 localities identified as providing shared services, and received informative responses from 46 (75%). These described diabetic foot clinics each day (11%), or once (50%), twice (13%) or three times (17%) weekly - attended regularly by vascular surgeons, and less frequently by orthopaedic surgeons. The frequency of clinics was considered inadequate by 30% of respondents, and only 75% reported written policies for diabetic foot care pathways. Operations for acute foot sepsis are done by vascular surgeons in 98% of localities and by orthopaedic surgeons in 22% (in some localities by both): the latter are orthopaedic foot specialists in all localities but two. Both specialties perform a range of foot procedures, including toe/foot-preserving operations. Major amputations are done by vascular surgeons in 98% of localities and by orthopaedic surgeons in only 9%. All deformity correction procedures are performed by orthopaedic surgeons. CONCLUSION This survey shows that diabetic foot clinics are now held frequently in most localities. There is variation in the involvement of vascular and orthopaedic surgeons. Some localities need to consider increased provision of clinics and better defined pathways of care.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Campbell
- Royal Devon University Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust, UK
| | - S Muse
- Royal Devon University Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust, UK
| | - S Welchman
- Royal Devon University Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust, UK
| | - T Hardy
- Royal Devon University Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust, UK
| | - A Guy
- Royal Devon University Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust, UK
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Wyn-Griffiths F, Brew A, Kaur G, Soni D, Tickle A, Akbar Z, Appleyard T, Figg K, Jayawardena P, Johnson A, Kamran Siddiqui Z, Lacy-Colson J, Oatham R, Rowlands B, Sludden E, Turnbull C, Allin D, Ansar Z, Azeez Z, Dale VH, Garg J, Horner A, Jones S, Knight S, McGregor C, McKenna J, McLelland T, Packham-Smith A, Rowsell K, Spector-Hill I, Adeniken E, Baker J, Bartlett M, Chikomba L, Connell B, Deekonda P, Dhar M, Elmansouri A, Gamage K, Goodhew R, Hanna P, Knight J, Luca A, Maasoumi N, Mahamoud F, Manji S, Marwaha PK, Mason F, Oluboyede A, Pigott L, Razaq AM, Richardson M, Saddaoui I, Wijeyendram P, Yau S, Atkins W, Liang K, Miles N, Praveen B, Ashai S, Braganza J, Common J, Cundy A, Davies R, Guthrie J, Handa I, Iqbal M, Ismail R, Jones C, Jones I, Lee KS, Levene A, Okocha M, Olivier J, Smith A, Subramaniam E, Tandle S, Wang A, Watson A, Wilson C, Chan XHF, Khoo E, Montgomery C, Norris M, Pugalenthi PP, Common T, Cook E, Mistry H, Shinmar HS, Agarwal G, Bandyopadhyay S, Brazier B, Carroll L, Goede A, Harbourne A, Lakhani A, Lami M, Larwood J, Martin J, Merchant J, Pattenden S, Pradhan A, Raafat N, Rothwell E, Shammoon Y, Sudarshan R, Vickers E, Wingfield L, Ashworth I, Azizi S, Bhate R, Chowdhury T, Christou A, Davies L, Dwaraknath M, Farah Y, Garner J, Gureviciute E, Hart E, Jain A, Javid S, Kankam HK, Kaur Toor P, Kaz R, Kermali M, Khan I, Mattson A, McManus A, Murphy M, Nair K, Ngemoh D, Norton E, Olabiran A, Parry L, Payne T, Pillai K, Price S, Punjabi K, Raghunathan A, Ramwell A, Raza M, Ritehnia J, Simpson G, Smith W, Sodeinde S, Studd L, Subramaniam M, Thomas J, Towey S, Tsang E, Tuteja D, Vasani J, Vio M, Badran A, Adams J, Anthony Wilkinson J, Asvandi S, Austin T, Bald A, Bix E, Carrick M, Chander B, Chowdhury S, Cooper Drake B, Crosbie S, D Portela S, Francis D, Gallagher C, Gillespie R, Gravett H, Gupta P, Ilyas C, James G, Johny J, Jones A, Kinder F, MacLeod C, Macrow C, Maqsood-Shah A, Mather J, McCann L, McMahon R, Mitham E, Mohamed M, Munton E, Nightingale K, O'Neill K, Onyemuchara I, Senior R, Shanahan A, Sherlock J, Spyridoulias A, Stavrou C, Stokes D, Tamang R, Taylor E, Trafford C, Uden C, Waddington C, Yassin D, Zaman M, Bangi S, Cheng T, Chew D, Hussain N, Imani-Masouleh S, Mahasivam G, McKnight G, Ng HL, Ota HC, Pasha T, Ravindran W, Shah K, Vishnu K S, Zaman S, Carr W, Cope S, Eagles EJ, Howarth-Maddison M, Li CY, Reed J, Ridge A, Stubbs T, Teasdaled D, Umar R, Worthington J, Dhebri A, Kalenderov R, Alattas A, Arain Z, Bhudia R, Chia D, Daniel S, Dar T, Garland H, Girish M, Hampson A, Kyriacou H, Lehovsky K, Mullins W, Omorphos N, Vasdev N, Venkatesh A, Waldock W, Bhandari A, Brown G, Choa G, Eichenauer CE, Ezennia K, Kidwai Z, Lloyd-Thomas A, Macaskill Stewart A, Massardi C, Sinclair E, Skajaa N, Smith M, Tan I, Afsheen N, Anuar A, Azam Z, Bhatia P, Davies-kelly N, Dickinson S, Elkawafi M, Ganapathy M, Gupta S, Khoury EG, Licudi D, Mehta V, Neequaye S, Nita G, Tay VL, Zhao S, Botsa E, Cuthbert H, Elliott J, Furlepa M, Lehmann J, Mangtani A, Narayan A, Nazarian S, Parmar C, Shah D, Shaw C, Zhao Z, Beck C, Caldwell S, Clements JM, French B, Kenny R, Kirk S, Lindsay J, McClung A, McLaughlin N, Watson S, Whiteside E, Alyacoubi S, Arumugam V, Beg R, Dawas K, Garg S, Lloyd ER, Mahfouz Y, Manobharath N, Moonesinghe R, Morka N, Patel K, Prashar J, Yip S, Adeeko ES, Ajekigbe F, Bhat A, Evans C, Farrugia A, Gurung C, Long T, Malik B, Manirajan S, Newport D, Rayer J, Ridha A, Ross E, Saran T, Sinker A, Waruingi D, Allen R, Al Sadek Y, Alves do Canto Brum H, Asharaf H, Ashman M, Balakumar V, Barrington J, Baskaran R, Berry A, Bhachoo H, Bilal A, Boaden L, Chia WL, Covell G, Crook D, Dadnam F, Davis L, De Berker H, Doyle C, Fox C, Gruffydd-Davies M, Hafouda Y, Hill A, Hubbard E, Hunter A, Inpadhas V, Jamshaid M, Jandu G, Jeyanthi M, Jones T, Kantor C, Kwak SY, Malik N, Matt R, McNulty P, Miles C, Mohomed A, Myat P, Niharika J, Nixon A, O'Reilly D, Parmar K, Pengelly S, Price L, Ramsden M, Turnor R, Wales E, Waring H, Wu M, Yang T, Ye TTS, Zander A, Zeicu C, Bellam S, Francombe J, Kawamoto N, Rahman MR, Sathyanarayana A, Tang HT, Cheung J, Hollingshead J, Page V, Sugarman J, Wong E, Chiong J, Fung E, Kan SY, Kiang J, Kok J, Krahelski O, Liew MY, Lyell B, Sharif Z, Speake D, Alim L, Amakye NY, Chandrasekaran J, Chandratreya N, Drake J, Owoso T, Thu YM, Abou El Ela Bourquin B, Alberts J, Chapman D, Rehnnuma N, Ainsworth K, Carpenter H, Emmanuel T, Fisher T, Gabrel M, Guan Z, Hollows S, Hotouras A, Ip Fung Chun N, Jaffer S, Kallikas G, Kennedy N, Lewinsohn B, Liu FY, Mohammed S, Rutherfurd A, Situ T, Stammer A, Taylor F, Thin N, Urgesi E, Zhang N, Ahmad MA, Bishop A, Bowes A, Dixit A, Glasson R, Hatta S, Hatt K, Larcombe S, Preece J, Riordan E, Fegredo D, Haq MZ, Li C, McCann G, Stewart D, Baraza W, Bhullar D, Burt G, Coyle J, Deans J, Devine A, Hird R, Ikotun O, Manchip G, Ross C, Storey L, Tan WWL, Tse C, Warner C, Whitehead M, Wu F, Court EL, Crisp E, Huttman M, Mayes F, Robertson H, Rosen H, Sandberg C, Smith H, Al Bakry M, Ashwell W, Bajaj S, Bandyopadhyay D, Browlee O, Burway S, Chand CP, Elsayeh K, Elsharkawi A, Evans E, Ferrin S, Fort-Schaale A, Iacob M, I K, Impelliziere Licastro G, Mankoo AS, Olaniyan T, Otun J, Pereira R, Reddy R, Saeed D, Simmonds O, Singhal G, Tron K, Wickstone C, Williams R, Bradshaw E, De Kock Jewell V, Houlden C, Knight C, Metezai H, Mirza-Davies A, Seymour Z, Spink D, Wischhusen S. Evaluation of prognostic risk models for postoperative pulmonary complications in adult patients undergoing major abdominal surgery: a systematic review and international external validation cohort study. Lancet Digit Health 2022; 4:e520-e531. [PMID: 35750401 DOI: 10.1016/s2589-7500(22)00069-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stratifying risk of postoperative pulmonary complications after major abdominal surgery allows clinicians to modify risk through targeted interventions and enhanced monitoring. In this study, we aimed to identify and validate prognostic models against a new consensus definition of postoperative pulmonary complications. METHODS We did a systematic review and international external validation cohort study. The systematic review was done in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. We searched MEDLINE and Embase on March 1, 2020, for articles published in English that reported on risk prediction models for postoperative pulmonary complications following abdominal surgery. External validation of existing models was done within a prospective international cohort study of adult patients (≥18 years) undergoing major abdominal surgery. Data were collected between Jan 1, 2019, and April 30, 2019, in the UK, Ireland, and Australia. Discriminative ability and prognostic accuracy summary statistics were compared between models for the 30-day postoperative pulmonary complication rate as defined by the Standardised Endpoints in Perioperative Medicine Core Outcome Measures in Perioperative and Anaesthetic Care (StEP-COMPAC). Model performance was compared using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROCC). FINDINGS In total, we identified 2903 records from our literature search; of which, 2514 (86·6%) unique records were screened, 121 (4·8%) of 2514 full texts were assessed for eligibility, and 29 unique prognostic models were identified. Nine (31·0%) of 29 models had score development reported only, 19 (65·5%) had undergone internal validation, and only four (13·8%) had been externally validated. Data to validate six eligible models were collected in the international external validation cohort study. Data from 11 591 patients were available, with an overall postoperative pulmonary complication rate of 7·8% (n=903). None of the six models showed good discrimination (defined as AUROCC ≥0·70) for identifying postoperative pulmonary complications, with the Assess Respiratory Risk in Surgical Patients in Catalonia score showing the best discrimination (AUROCC 0·700 [95% CI 0·683-0·717]). INTERPRETATION In the pre-COVID-19 pandemic data, variability in the risk of pulmonary complications (StEP-COMPAC definition) following major abdominal surgery was poorly described by existing prognostication tools. To improve surgical safety during the COVID-19 pandemic recovery and beyond, novel risk stratification tools are required. FUNDING British Journal of Surgery Society.
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Xu M, Lasocki A, Bressel M, Goroncy N, Seymour J, Wheeler G, Dwyer M, Wiltshire K, Haghighi N, Mason K, Tange D, Campbell B. OC-0760 Active surveillance is safe for asymptomatic radiation-induced meningiomas in cancer survivors. Radiother Oncol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(22)02666-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Sorber R, Weaver M, Canner J, Campbell B, Black J, Hicks C. Specialty Mediated 30-Day Complications in First Rib Resection for Thoracic Outlet Syndrome. J Vasc Surg 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvs.2021.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Campbell B, Anderson Z, Han D, Nebor I, Forbes J, Steckl AJ. Electrospinning of cyanoacrylate tissue adhesives for human dural repair in endonasal surgery. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2021; 110:660-667. [PMID: 34596966 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.34944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) leakage is a major postoperative complication requiring surgical intervention, resulting in prolonged healing and higher costs. Biocompatible polymers, such as cyanoacrylates, are currently used as tissue adhesives for closing surgical defects and incisions. Coupling these polymers with nanofiber technology shows promising results for generating nanofibers used in wound care, tissue engineering, and drug delivery. Fiber membranes formed by electrospinning of n-octyl-2-cyanoacrylate (NOCA) are investigated for in situ dural closures after neurosurgery to improve the quality of the closure and prevent post-surgical CSF leaks. Electrospun NOCA fiber membranes showed significantly higher sealing capabilities of defects in human dura, with an average burst pressure of 149 mmHg, compared with that of an FDA-approved common dural sealant that had an average burst pressure of 37 mmHg. In this study, microfabrication of NOCA fibers demonstrates a promising technique for dural repairs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brooke Campbell
- Nanoelectronics Laboratory, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Zoe Anderson
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Daewoo Han
- Nanoelectronics Laboratory, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Ivanna Nebor
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Jonathan Forbes
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Andrew J Steckl
- Nanoelectronics Laboratory, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
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Levis M, Campbell B, Matrone F, Furfaro G, Grapulin L, Di Russo A, Buglione M, Iamundo De Cumis I, Simontacchi G, Ciammella P, Magli A, Pascale G, Meregalli S, MacManus M, Fanetti G, De Felice F, Alghisi A, Deidda M, Manicone M, Ciccone G, Filippi A, Ricardi U. OC-0207 Long-term results of peri-transplant RT in Hodgkin’s lymphomas: results from a multi-center study. Radiother Oncol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(21)06822-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Campbell B, Lasocki A, Bressel M, Oon S, Goroncy N, Seymour J, Dwyer M, Wiltshire K, Mason K, Tange D, Xu M, Wheeler G. OC-0209 Radiation-induced cavernomas: investigating the role of MRI-SWI for screening and surveillance in long-term cancer survivors. Radiother Oncol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(21)06824-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Haas B, Davis R, Campbell B, Hanich Q. Regional fisheries management: COVID-19 calendars and decision making. Mar Policy 2021; 128:104474. [PMID: 35125617 PMCID: PMC8797381 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpol.2021.104474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
In 2020 the management of transboundary fisheries was severely impacted by the global COVID-19 pandemic. Most annual meetings of regional fisheries and marine management organizations were held virtually, postponed, or cancelled. Even though most organizations managed to meet virtually in 2020, many important decisions were postponed to 2021. Consequently, regional secretariats and delegations face a difficult calendar with substantial agendas and complex decision-making challenges. This commentary provides a brief overview of the virtual meeting processes that have been implemented by regional organisations in response to COVID-19 and provides a calendar of their plans for 2021.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianca Haas
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Ruth Davis
- Australian National Centre for Ocean Resources and Security (ANCORS), University of Wollongong, Australia
| | - Brooke Campbell
- Australian National Centre for Ocean Resources and Security (ANCORS), University of Wollongong, Australia
| | - Quentin Hanich
- Australian National Centre for Ocean Resources and Security (ANCORS), University of Wollongong, Australia
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Lam S, Nazir MS, Campbell B, Yazdani M, Carr-White G, Plein S, Rinaldi A, Chiribiri A. Left ventricular ejection fraction as an imaging biomarker to guide cardiac resynchronisation therapy in heart failure patients: a multimodal comparison of 2D and 3D echocardiography and CMR. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/ehjci/jeaa356.358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Funding Acknowledgements
Type of funding sources: Public Institution(s). Main funding source(s): The authors acknowledge financial support from the Department of Health through the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) comprehensive Biomedical Research Centre award to Guy’s & St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust in partnership with King’s College London and King’s College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust and by the NIHR MedTech Co-operative for Cardiovascular Disease at Guy’s and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust. This work was supported by the Wellcome/EPSRC Centre for Medical Engineering [WT 203148/Z/16/Z]. MSN was funded by a clinical lectureship awarded by the NIHR. The views expressed are those of the authors and not necessarily those of the NHS, the NIHR, the DoH, EPSRC, MRC or the Wellcome Trust.
Introduction – Imaging derived left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) has an important role to guide initiation of medical therapy and device insertion in patients with heart failure and reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). Previous studies have reported the correlation and agreement of LVEF in various patient populations, but sparse evidence exists on patients with heart failure referred for Cardiac Resynchronisation Therapy (CRT) using 2D and 3D echocardiography (2DE & 3DE) and cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR).
Objectives – To determine the correlation and agreement of LVEF as determined by 2DE, 3DE and CMR in a cohort of HF patients referred for assessment of CRT.
Methods – Patients with suspected HFrEF referred for assessment for CRT therapy were included in this single centre study. Patients underwent 2DE, 3DE and CMR to derive LVEF, LVESV and LVEDV. Correlation was determined with Pearson’s correlation, agreement with Bland-Altman analysis and Cohen’s kappa analysis for agreement using a dichotomous cut off of LVEF ≤35% as a threshold for CRT insertion (Ponikowski, 2016).
Results - 55 patients (mean age 71 ± 9.2, 76% male) were included. The mean LVEF for 2DE, 3DE, CMR and were 32.4 ± 8.6, 32.1 ± 9.6 and 30.3 ± 9.5 respectively. CMR had a significantly lower LVEF compared to 2DE (p = 0.03).
There was good correlation between 3DE & CMR and 2DE & CMR, and excellent correlation between 3DE and 2DE for LVEF (Table 1). There was for trend for CMR to underestimate LVEF compared to 2DE and 3DE, with small biases although wide limits of agreement (Figure 1). There was excellent correlation of LVEDV and LVESV across all 3 techniques. CMR underestimated volumes compared to 2DE and 3DE with large biases and wide LOA.
The kappa coefficient agreement at threshold level for CRT insertion (LVEF ≤35%) was fair for 3DE and CMR (0.379, p = 0.004) and 2DE and CMR (0.462, p = 0.001), and moderate for 3DE and 2DE (0.575, p ≤ 0.001).
Conclusion – Whilst LVEF is not the only indicator to guide CRT insertion, it remains an important imaging parameter for clinical decision making. We observed large biases in left ventricular volumes between 2D, 3D and CMR. However, whilst the overall bias in LVEF is small, the wide limits of agreement (LOA) observed may represent an area of clinical uncertainty, which may impact on the dichotomous imaging threshold for CRT insertion.
Comparison of indices between modalities LVEF Correlation (r) LVEF Bias & LOA (%±SD) EDV Correlation (r) EDV Bias & LOA (mL ± SD) ESV Correlation (r) ESV Bias & LOA (mL ± SD) 3DE vs CMR 0.676 (p < 0.001) +1.75 ± 15.4 0.896 (p < 0.001) -82.16 ± 42.8 0.937 (p < 0.001) -61.3 ± 34.9 3DE vs 2DE 0.872 (p < 0.001) +0.48 ± 4.5 0.909 (p < 0.001) -10.31 ± 28.3 0.936 (p < 0.001) -8.42 ± 20.5 2DE vs CMR 0.675 (p < 0.001) +2.35 ± 14.6 0.876 (p < 0.001) -67.35 ± 36.3 0.898 (p < 0.001) -51.42 ± 30.1 Abstract Figure. Bland-Altman Plot LVEF by 3DE & CMR
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Affiliation(s)
- S Lam
- King"s College London, School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, London, United Kingdom of Great Britain & Northern Ireland
| | - MS Nazir
- King"s College London, School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, London, United Kingdom of Great Britain & Northern Ireland
| | - B Campbell
- Guy"s & St Thomas" NHS Foundation Trust, Department of Cardiology, London, United Kingdom of Great Britain & Northern Ireland
| | - M Yazdani
- King"s College London, School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, London, United Kingdom of Great Britain & Northern Ireland
| | - G Carr-White
- Guy"s & St Thomas" NHS Foundation Trust, Department of Cardiology, London, United Kingdom of Great Britain & Northern Ireland
| | - S Plein
- King"s College London, School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, London, United Kingdom of Great Britain & Northern Ireland
| | - A Rinaldi
- Guy"s & St Thomas" NHS Foundation Trust, Department of Cardiology, London, United Kingdom of Great Britain & Northern Ireland
| | - A Chiribiri
- King"s College London, School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, London, United Kingdom of Great Britain & Northern Ireland
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McLean KA, Ahmed WUR, Akhbari M, Claireaux HA, English C, Frost J, Henshall DE, Khan M, Kwek I, Nicola M, Rehman S, Varghese S, Drake TM, Bell S, Nepogodiev D, McLean KA, Drake TM, Glasbey JC, Borakati A, Drake TM, Kamarajah S, McLean KA, Bath MF, Claireaux HA, Gundogan B, Mohan M, Deekonda P, Kong C, Joyce H, Mcnamee L, Woin E, Burke J, Khatri C, Fitzgerald JE, Harrison EM, Bhangu A, Nepogodiev D, Arulkumaran N, Bell S, Duthie F, Hughes J, Pinkney TD, Prowle J, Richards T, Thomas M, Dynes K, Patel M, Patel P, Wigley C, Suresh R, Shaw A, Klimach S, Jull P, Evans D, Preece R, Ibrahim I, Manikavasagar V, Smith R, Brown FS, Deekonda P, Teo R, Sim DPY, Borakati A, Logan AE, Barai I, Amin H, Suresh S, Sethi R, Bolton W, Corbridge O, Horne L, Attalla M, Morley R, Robinson C, Hoskins T, McAllister R, Lee S, Dennis Y, Nixon G, Heywood E, Wilson H, Ng L, Samaraweera S, Mills A, Doherty C, Woin E, Belchos J, Phan V, Chouari T, Gardner T, Goergen N, Hayes JDB, MacLeod CS, McCormack R, McKinley A, McKinstry S, Milligan W, Ooi L, Rafiq NM, Sammut T, Sinclair E, Smith M, Baker C, Boulton APR, Collins J, Copley HC, Fearnhead N, Fox H, Mah T, McKenna J, Naruka V, Nigam N, Nourallah B, Perera S, Qureshi A, Saggar S, Sun L, Wang X, Yang DD, Caroll P, Doyle C, Elangovan S, Falamarzi A, Perai KG, Greenan E, Jain D, Lang-Orsini M, Lim S, O'Byrne L, Ridgway P, Van der Laan S, Wong J, Arthur J, Barclay J, Bradley P, Edwin C, Finch E, Hayashi E, Hopkins M, Kelly D, Kelly M, McCartan N, Ormrod A, Pakenham A, Hayward J, Hitchen C, Kishore A, Martins T, Philomen J, Rao R, Rickards C, Burns N, Copeland M, Durand C, Dyal A, Ghaffar A, Gidwani A, Grant M, Gribbon C, Gruhn A, Leer M, Ahmad K, Beattie G, Beatty M, Campbell G, Donaldson G, Graham S, Holmes D, Kanabar S, Liu H, McCann C, Stewart R, Vara S, Ajibola-Taylor O, Andah EJE, Ani C, Cabdi NMO, Ito G, Jones M, Komoriyama A, Patel P, Titu L, Basra M, Gallogly P, Harinath G, Leong SH, Pradhan A, Siddiqui I, Zaat S, Ali A, Galea M, Looi WL, Ng 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Livesey C, McLachlan G, Mohammad M, Pranesh N, Richards C, Ross F, Sajid M, Brooke M, Francombe J, Gresly J, Hutchinson S, Kerrigan K, Matthews E, Nur S, Parsons L, Sandhu A, Vyas M, White F, Zulkifli A, Zuzarte L, Al-Mousawi A, Arya J, Azam S, Yahaya AA, Gill K, Hallan R, Hathaway C, Leptidis I, McDonagh L, Mitrasinovic S, Mushtaq N, Pang N, Peiris GB, Rinkoff S, Chan L, Christopher E, Farhan-Alanie MMH, Gonzalez-Ciscar A, Graham CJ, Lim H, McLean KA, Paterson HM, Rogers A, Roy C, Rutherford D, Smith F, Zubikarai G, Al-Khudairi R, Bamford M, Chang M, Cheng J, Hedley C, Joseph R, Mitchell B, Perera S, Rothwell L, Siddiqui A, Smith J, Taylor K, Wright OW, Baryan HK, Boyd G, Conchie H, Cox L, Davies J, Gardner S, Hill N, Krishna K, Lakin F, Scotcher S, Alberts J, Asad M, Barraclough J, Campbell A, Marshall D, Wakeford W, Cronbach P, D'Souza F, Gammeri E, Houlton J, Hall M, Kethees A, Patel R, Perera M, Prowle J, Shaid M, Webb E, Beattie S, Chadwick M, El-Taji O, Haddad S, Mann M, Patel M, Popat K, Rimmer L, Riyat H, Smith H, Anandarajah C, Cipparrone M, Desai K, Gao C, Goh ET, Howlader M, Jeffreys N, Karmarkar A, Mathew G, Mukhtar H, Ozcan E, Renukanthan A, Sarens N, Sinha C, Woolley A, Bogle R, Komolafe O, Loo F, Waugh D, Zeng R, Crewe A, Mathias J, Mills A, Owen A, Prior A, Saunders I, Baker A, Crilly L, McKeon J, Ubhi HK, Adeogun A, Carr R, Davison C, Devalia S, Hayat A, Karsan RB, Osborne C, Scott K, Weegenaar C, Wijeyaratne M, Babatunde F, Barnor-Ahiaku E, Beattie G, Chitsabesan P, Dixon O, Hall N, Ilenkovan N, Mackrell T, Nithianandasivam N, Orr J, Palazzo F, Saad M, Sandland-Taylor L, Sherlock J, Ashdown T, Chandler S, Garsaa T, Lloyd J, Loh SY, Ng S, Perkins C, Powell-Chandler A, Smith F, Underhill R. Perioperative intravenous contrast administration and the incidence of acute kidney injury after major gastrointestinal surgery: prospective, multicentre cohort study. Br J Surg 2020; 107:1023-1032. [PMID: 32026470 DOI: 10.1002/bjs.11453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Revised: 09/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to determine the impact of preoperative exposure to intravenous contrast for CT and the risk of developing postoperative acute kidney injury (AKI) in patients undergoing major gastrointestinal surgery. METHODS This prospective, multicentre cohort study included adults undergoing gastrointestinal resection, stoma reversal or liver resection. Both elective and emergency procedures were included. Preoperative exposure to intravenous contrast was defined as exposure to contrast administered for the purposes of CT up to 7 days before surgery. The primary endpoint was the rate of AKI within 7 days. Propensity score-matched models were adjusted for patient, disease and operative variables. In a sensitivity analysis, a propensity score-matched model explored the association between preoperative exposure to contrast and AKI in the first 48 h after surgery. RESULTS A total of 5378 patients were included across 173 centres. Overall, 1249 patients (23·2 per cent) received intravenous contrast. The overall rate of AKI within 7 days of surgery was 13·4 per cent (718 of 5378). In the propensity score-matched model, preoperative exposure to contrast was not associated with AKI within 7 days (odds ratio (OR) 0·95, 95 per cent c.i. 0·73 to 1·21; P = 0·669). The sensitivity analysis showed no association between preoperative contrast administration and AKI within 48 h after operation (OR 1·09, 0·84 to 1·41; P = 0·498). CONCLUSION There was no association between preoperative intravenous contrast administered for CT up to 7 days before surgery and postoperative AKI. Risk of contrast-induced nephropathy should not be used as a reason to avoid contrast-enhanced CT.
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Zenga J, Divi V, Stadler M, Massey B, Campbell B, Shukla M, Awan M, Schultz C, Shreenivas A, Wong S, Jackson R, Pipkorn P. Lymph node yield and survival in node-negative oral cavity cancer. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2019.11.216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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12
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Moretti A, Fonteyne L, Giesert F, Hoppmann P, Meier AB, Bozoglu T, Baehr A, Schneider CM, Sinnecker D, Klett K, Fröhlich T, Rahman FA, Haufe T, Sun S, Jurisch V, Kessler B, Hinkel R, Dirschinger R, Martens E, Jilek C, Graf A, Krebs S, Santamaria G, Kurome M, Zakhartchenko V, Campbell B, Voelse K, Wolf A, Ziegler T, Reichert S, Lee S, Flenkenthaler F, Dorn T, Jeremias I, Blum H, Dendorfer A, Schnieke A, Krause S, Walter MC, Klymiuk N, Laugwitz KL, Wolf E, Wurst W, Kupatt C. Somatic gene editing ameliorates skeletal and cardiac muscle failure in pig and human models of Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Nat Med 2020; 26:207-214. [PMID: 31988462 PMCID: PMC7212064 DOI: 10.1038/s41591-019-0738-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Frameshift mutations in the DMD gene, encoding dystrophin, cause Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), leading to terminal muscle and heart failure in patients. Somatic gene editing by sequence-specific nucleases offers new options for restoring the DMD reading frame, resulting in expression of a shortened but largely functional dystrophin protein. Here, we validated this approach in a pig model of DMD lacking exon 52 of DMD (DMDΔ52), as well as in a corresponding patient-derived induced pluripotent stem cell model. In DMDΔ52 pigs1, intramuscular injection of adeno-associated viral vectors of serotype 9 carrying an intein-split Cas9 (ref. 2) and a pair of guide RNAs targeting sequences flanking exon 51 (AAV9-Cas9-gE51) induced expression of a shortened dystrophin (DMDΔ51-52) and improved skeletal muscle function. Moreover, systemic application of AAV9-Cas9-gE51 led to widespread dystrophin expression in muscle, including diaphragm and heart, prolonging survival and reducing arrhythmogenic vulnerability. Similarly, in induced pluripotent stem cell-derived myoblasts and cardiomyocytes of a patient lacking DMDΔ52, AAV6-Cas9-g51-mediated excision of exon 51 restored dystrophin expression and amelioreate skeletal myotube formation as well as abnormal cardiomyocyte Ca2+ handling and arrhythmogenic susceptibility. The ability of Cas9-mediated exon excision to improve DMD pathology in these translational models paves the way for new treatment approaches in patients with this devastating disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Moretti
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin I, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich and German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany.
| | - L Fonteyne
- Chair for Molecular Animal Breeding and Biotechnology, Gene Center and Department of Veterinary Sciences, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - F Giesert
- Institute of Developmental Genetics, Helmholtz Centre and Munich School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - P Hoppmann
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin I, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich and German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - A B Meier
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin I, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich and German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - T Bozoglu
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin I, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich and German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - A Baehr
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin I, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich and German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - C M Schneider
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin I, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich and German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - D Sinnecker
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin I, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich and German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - K Klett
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin I, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich and German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - T Fröhlich
- Chair for Molecular Animal Breeding and Biotechnology, Gene Center and Department of Veterinary Sciences, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- Laboratory for Functional Genome Analysis (LAFUGA), Gene Center, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - F Abdel Rahman
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin I, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich and German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - T Haufe
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin I, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich and German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - S Sun
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin I, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich and German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - V Jurisch
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin I, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich and German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - B Kessler
- Chair for Molecular Animal Breeding and Biotechnology, Gene Center and Department of Veterinary Sciences, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- Laboratory for Functional Genome Analysis (LAFUGA), Gene Center, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - R Hinkel
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin I, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich and German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - R Dirschinger
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin I, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich and German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - E Martens
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin I, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich and German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - C Jilek
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin I, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich and German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - A Graf
- Chair for Molecular Animal Breeding and Biotechnology, Gene Center and Department of Veterinary Sciences, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- Laboratory for Functional Genome Analysis (LAFUGA), Gene Center, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - S Krebs
- Chair for Molecular Animal Breeding and Biotechnology, Gene Center and Department of Veterinary Sciences, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- Laboratory for Functional Genome Analysis (LAFUGA), Gene Center, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - G Santamaria
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin I, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich and German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - M Kurome
- Chair for Molecular Animal Breeding and Biotechnology, Gene Center and Department of Veterinary Sciences, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- Laboratory for Functional Genome Analysis (LAFUGA), Gene Center, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - V Zakhartchenko
- Chair for Molecular Animal Breeding and Biotechnology, Gene Center and Department of Veterinary Sciences, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- Laboratory for Functional Genome Analysis (LAFUGA), Gene Center, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - B Campbell
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin I, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich and German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - K Voelse
- Reseach Unit Apoptosis in Hemopoietic Stem Cells, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Center for Environmental Health (HMGU), Munich, Germany
| | - A Wolf
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin I, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich and German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - T Ziegler
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin I, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich and German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - S Reichert
- Department of Neurology, Friedrich Baur Institute, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - S Lee
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin I, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich and German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - F Flenkenthaler
- Chair for Molecular Animal Breeding and Biotechnology, Gene Center and Department of Veterinary Sciences, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- Laboratory for Functional Genome Analysis (LAFUGA), Gene Center, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - T Dorn
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin I, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich and German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - I Jeremias
- Reseach Unit Apoptosis in Hemopoietic Stem Cells, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Center for Environmental Health (HMGU), Munich, Germany
| | - H Blum
- Chair for Molecular Animal Breeding and Biotechnology, Gene Center and Department of Veterinary Sciences, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- Laboratory for Functional Genome Analysis (LAFUGA), Gene Center, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - A Dendorfer
- Walter Brendel Centre of Experimental Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - A Schnieke
- Chair of Livestock Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - S Krause
- Department of Neurology, Friedrich Baur Institute, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - M C Walter
- Department of Neurology, Friedrich Baur Institute, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - N Klymiuk
- Chair for Molecular Animal Breeding and Biotechnology, Gene Center and Department of Veterinary Sciences, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- Laboratory for Functional Genome Analysis (LAFUGA), Gene Center, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - K L Laugwitz
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin I, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich and German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - E Wolf
- Chair for Molecular Animal Breeding and Biotechnology, Gene Center and Department of Veterinary Sciences, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- Laboratory for Functional Genome Analysis (LAFUGA), Gene Center, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - W Wurst
- Institute of Developmental Genetics, Helmholtz Centre and Munich School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
| | - C Kupatt
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin I, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich and German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany.
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Campbell B. Mobile stroke units and urgent decision making. J Neurol Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2019.10.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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MacManus M, Campbell B, Wirth A, Hofman M, Hicks R, Seymour J, Burbury K. ABSCOPAL REGRESSION OF LYMPHOMA AT DISTANT SITES AFTER LOCAL RADIOTHERAPY, DETECTED BY POSITRON EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY IN SIX CASES. Hematol Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/hon.236_2631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M.P. MacManus
- Radiation Oncology; Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre; Melbourne Australia
| | - B. Campbell
- Radiation Oncology; Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre; Melbourne Australia
| | - A. Wirth
- Radiation Oncology; Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre; Melbourne Australia
| | - M. Hofman
- Molecular Imaging; Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre; Melbourne Australia
| | - R. Hicks
- Molecular Imaging; Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre; Melbourne Australia
| | - J. Seymour
- Haematology; Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre; Melbourne Australia
| | - K. Burbury
- Haematology; Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre; Melbourne Australia
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Newman S, Bucknell N, Bressel M, Tran P, Campbell B, Haghighi N, Kok D, MacManus M, Phillips C, Shaw M, Wirth A, Wheeler G, Ball D, Siva S. EP-1351 Long-term survival with FDG-PET directed therapy in NSCLC with synchronous solitary brain metastasis. Radiother Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(19)31771-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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16
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Ledesma R, Palmieri F, Campbell B, Yost W, Fitz-Gerald J, Dillingham G, Connell J. Correlation of Trace Silicone Contamination Analyses on Epoxy Composites Using X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) and Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS). Appl Spectrosc 2019; 73:229-235. [PMID: 30345794 DOI: 10.1177/0003702818809928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Surface treatment and surface characterization techniques are critical to ensure that adherends are chemically activated and free of contaminants before adhesive bonding. Silicone contamination from mold release agents and other sources can interfere with interfacial bonding, decreasing the durability and performance of bonded composite structures. It is necessary to have tools and methods that can be used in a production environment to reliably detect low levels of contaminants in a rapid, simple, and cost-effective manner to improve bond reliability. In this work, surface characterization of carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) composites with epoxy matrix was performed using laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS), and the results were compared with those obtained from X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy offers many advantages over XPS in terms of ease of use, sample preparation, and real-time results. The objective of the comparison was to study the sensitivity of LIBS and to investigate the quantification of the surface species measured by LIBS. Another objective was to assess the reliability of each technique for surface contaminant characterization. The as-processed CFRP panels had trace surface silicone contamination from the fabrication process, the source of which was not investigated. The composites were laser treated at select average laser power levels, resulting in varying levels of contamination reduction. The Si atomic percentage measurements using XPS were conducted on both control and laser-ablated surfaces. The results showed an excellent correlation in Si concentration between the two techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodolfo Ledesma
- 1 Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | | | | | - William Yost
- 2 NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA
| | - James Fitz-Gerald
- 1 Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | | | - John Connell
- 2 NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA
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17
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Galuppini F, Opocher E, Tabori U, Mammi I, Edwards M, Campbell B, Kelly J, Viel A, Quaia M, Rivieri F, D'Avella D, Arcella A, Giangaspero F, Fassan M, Gardiman MP. Concomitant IDH wild-type glioblastoma and IDH1-mutant anaplastic astrocytoma in a patient with constitutional mismatch repair deficiency syndrome. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol 2019; 44:233-239. [PMID: 29130549 DOI: 10.1111/nan.12450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 11/02/2017] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- F Galuppini
- Surgical Pathology Unit, Department of Medicine (DIMED), University-Hospital of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - E Opocher
- Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, Department of Woman and Child Health, University-Hospital of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - U Tabori
- Division of Haematology/Oncology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - I Mammi
- Center for the Study of Hereditary Colorectal Cancers, Venetian Oncology Institute, Padua, Italy
| | - M Edwards
- Division of Haematology/Oncology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - B Campbell
- Division of Haematology/Oncology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - J Kelly
- Division of Haematology/Oncology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - A Viel
- Funcional Onco-Genomics and Genetics, CRO Aviano National Cancer Institute, Aviano, Italy
| | - M Quaia
- Funcional Onco-Genomics and Genetics, CRO Aviano National Cancer Institute, Aviano, Italy
| | - F Rivieri
- Medical Genetic Service, Departmen t of Laboratory, Santa Chiara Hospital, Trento, Italy
| | - D D'Avella
- Neurosurgery Unit, Department of Neurosciences (DNS), Padua University, Padua, Italy
| | | | - F Giangaspero
- IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy.,Department of Radiological, Oncological, and Anatomo-Pathological Science, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - M Fassan
- Surgical Pathology Unit, Department of Medicine (DIMED), University-Hospital of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - M P Gardiman
- Surgical Pathology Unit, Department of Medicine (DIMED), University-Hospital of Padua, Padua, Italy
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Carradice D, Forsyth J, Mohammed A, Leung C, Hitchman L, Harwood AE, Wallace T, Smith GE, Campbell B, Chetter I. Compliance with NICE guidelines when commissioning varicose vein procedures. BJS Open 2018; 2:419-425. [PMID: 30511042 PMCID: PMC6253791 DOI: 10.1002/bjs5.95] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Varicose veins impair quality of life and can lead to chronic leg ulcers. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) guidelines (CG168) set out evidence-based standards for patient management. In England, Clinical Commissioning Groups (CCGs) fund NHS care within their locality. The objective of this study was to evaluate CCGs' commissioning policies and compare them with CG168. Methods Searches were made for the published policies of all 206 English CCGs. They were reviewed for compliance with NICE guidelines and the associated quality standard. Areas of disagreement were analysed for themes. Results Some 203 CCGs (98·5 per cent) had a published policy and 190 (93·6 per cent) of these were published after publication of CG168. Only 73 of the policies (36·0 per cent) were compliant with CG168. Treatment was restricted on the basis of clinical disease severity in 119 CCGs (58·6 per cent); 29 (14·3 per cent) stipulated delay of treatment using a 'trial' of conservative treatment; 22 (10·8 per cent) used lifestyle-related factors such as BMI and smoking status to ration treatment. Treatment was commissioned for uncomplicated symptomatic varicose veins in 87 CCGs (42·9 per cent), but some applied additional rationing mechanisms; 109 CCGs (53·7 per cent) would treat oedema, 183 (90·1 per cent) would treat skin and soft tissue damage, 202 (99·5 per cent) healed ulceration, and all would allow active ulcers to be treated. Discussion The majority of CCGs in England have commissioning policies that contradict NICE guidelines. Rationing strategies include disease severity, delay and patient lifestyle-related factors, creating unwarranted geographical variation for varicose vein treatment, disregarding the NHS Constitution for England, and perhaps leading to an increase in costly treatment of chronic complications in the long term.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Carradice
- Academic Vascular Surgical Unit Hull York Medical School and Hull Royal Infirmary Hull UK
| | - J Forsyth
- Academic Vascular Surgical Unit Hull York Medical School and Hull Royal Infirmary Hull UK
| | - A Mohammed
- Academic Vascular Surgical Unit Hull York Medical School and Hull Royal Infirmary Hull UK
| | - C Leung
- Academic Vascular Surgical Unit Hull York Medical School and Hull Royal Infirmary Hull UK
| | - L Hitchman
- Academic Vascular Surgical Unit Hull York Medical School and Hull Royal Infirmary Hull UK
| | - A E Harwood
- Academic Vascular Surgical Unit Hull York Medical School and Hull Royal Infirmary Hull UK
| | - T Wallace
- Academic Vascular Surgical Unit Hull York Medical School and Hull Royal Infirmary Hull UK
| | - G E Smith
- Academic Vascular Surgical Unit Hull York Medical School and Hull Royal Infirmary Hull UK
| | - B Campbell
- Department of Vascular Surgery Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital (Wonford) Exeter UK
| | - I Chetter
- Academic Vascular Surgical Unit Hull York Medical School and Hull Royal Infirmary Hull UK
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Quinn C, Robbins J, Shukla M, Firat S, Massey B, Schultz C, Wong S, Campbell B, Stadler M. Acinic Cell Carcinoma of the Major Salivary Glands: Analysis of Prognostic Factors in 2,950 patients. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2017.12.185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Prakash D, Campbell B, Wajed S. Introduction into the NHS of magnetic sphincter augmentation: an innovative surgical therapy for reflux - results and challenges. Ann R Coll Surg Engl 2018; 100:251-256. [PMID: 29364013 DOI: 10.1308/rcsann.2017.0224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GORD) is a common, chronic debilitating condition. Surgical management traditionally involves fundoplication. Magnetic sphincter augmentation (MSA) is a new definitive treatment. We describe our experience of introducing this innovative therapy into NHS practice and report the early clinical outcomes. Methods MSA was introduced into NHS practice following successful acceptance of a cost-effective business plan and close observation of National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) recommendations for new procedures, including a carefully planned prospective data collection over a two-year follow-up period. Results Forty-seven patients underwent MSA over the 40-month period. Reflux health-related quality of life (GERD-HRQL) was significantly improved after the procedure and maintained at one- and two-year (P < 0.0001) follow-up. Drug dependency went from 100% at baseline to 2.6% and 8.7% after one and two years. High levels of patient satisfaction were reported. There were no adverse events. Conclusions MSA is highly effective in the treatment of uncomplicated GORD, with durable results and an excellent safety profile. This laparoscopic, minimally invasive procedure provides a good alternative for patients where surgical anatomy is unaltered. Our experience demonstrates that innovative technology can be incorporated into NHS practice with an acceptable business plan and compliance with NICE recommendations.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Prakash
- Department of Upper Gastrointestinal Surgery, Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital , Exeter , UK
| | - B Campbell
- University of Exeter Medical School , Exeter , UK
| | - S Wajed
- Department of Upper Gastrointestinal Surgery, Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital , Exeter , UK.,University of Exeter Medical School , Exeter , UK
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Campbell B, Davis SR, Abramson MJ, Mishra G, Handelsman DJ, Perret JL, Dharmage SC. Menopause, lung function and obstructive lung disease outcomes: a systematic review. Climacteric 2017; 21:3-12. [DOI: 10.1080/13697137.2017.1392504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- B. Campbell
- Allergy and Lung Health Unit, Centre for Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population & Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - S. R. Davis
- School of Public Health & Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - M. J. Abramson
- School of Public Health & Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - G. Mishra
- School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - D. J. Handelsman
- ANZAC Research Institute, University of Sydney, Concord Hospital, Concord, NSW, Australia
| | - J. L. Perret
- Allergy and Lung Health Unit, Centre for Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population & Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - S. C. Dharmage
- Allergy and Lung Health Unit, Centre for Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population & Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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Campbell B, Chinai N, Hollering P, Wright H, McCarthy R. Factors influencing the choice of treatment modality for individual patients with varicose veins. Ann R Coll Surg Engl 2017; 99:624-630. [PMID: 28682127 PMCID: PMC5696925 DOI: 10.1308/rcsann.2017.0122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION There is evidence of effectiveness for a range of different treatment modalities for varicose veins but limited information about factors that influence treatment choice for individual patients. METHODS A postal survey was sent to 438 UK members of the Vascular Society of Great Britain and Ireland. RESULTS Overall, 251 responses were received (response rate 57%). A total of 222 respondents treated varicose veins using conventional surgery (84%), endothermal ablation (82%) and foam sclerotherapy (68%). The clinical pattern of veins appeared to have the greatest influence on treatment choice. This was followed by guidance from the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence, patient expectations, facilities, cost and whether treatment was carried out in the public or private sector. Respondents were asked to indicate whether each of 13 clinical 'scenarios' (eg very extensive varicose veins in both legs) would influence them towards or against using specified treatment modalities. 'Consensus' was defined as ≥80% of responses either towards or against any treatment modality; and disagreement as 41-59% both towards and against any modality (i.e. ∼50:50 split). There was consensus towards using endothermal ablation for truncal reflux, towards UGFS for localised varicose veins and towards conventional surgery for large, extensive, bilateral veins. There was consensus against UGFS for large truncal veins, and against surgery for obese patients and those with a history of venous thromboembolism. There were important disagreements about the influence of large or extensive veins, about whether patients were obese or slim and about a prior history of venous thromboembolism. CONCLUSIONS Conventional surgery is still widely available in the UK. Disagreements about treatment choice in different clinical scenarios suggest substantial variation in the treatments patients are offered. Attention to identifying subgroups in trials would help to guide treatment choice for individual patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Campbell
- South Devon and Exeter Vascular Service, Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital, UK
| | - N Chinai
- South Devon and Exeter Vascular Service, Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital, UK
| | - P Hollering
- South Devon and Exeter Vascular Service, Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital, UK
| | - H Wright
- South Devon and Exeter Vascular Service, Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital, UK
| | - R McCarthy
- South Devon and Exeter Vascular Service, Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital, UK
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23
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Richardson A, Raine-Fenning N, Deb S, Campbell B, Vedhara K. Anxiety associated with diagnostic uncertainty in early pregnancy. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2017; 50:247-254. [PMID: 27484256 DOI: 10.1002/uog.17214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2016] [Revised: 07/18/2016] [Accepted: 07/20/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine anxiety levels of women presenting to an early pregnancy assessment unit (EPAU) with abdominal pain and/or vaginal bleeding and to assess how these levels change over time and according to ultrasonographic diagnosis. METHODS We undertook a prospective cohort study in an EPAU in a large UK teaching hospital. Women with abdominal pain and/or vaginal bleeding in early pregnancy (< 12 weeks' gestation) presenting for the first time were eligible for inclusion in the study. State anxiety levels were assessed using the standardized short form of Spielberger's state-trait anxiety inventory (STAI) on three occasions (before, immediately after and 48-72 hours after an ultrasound scan). Scores were correlated with ultrasonographic diagnosis. The diagnosis was either certain or uncertain. Certain diagnoses were either positive, i.e. a viable intrauterine pregnancy (IUP), or negative, i.e. a non-viable IUP or ectopic pregnancy. Uncertain diagnoses included pregnancy of unknown location and pregnancy of uncertain viability. Statistical analysis involved mixed ANOVAs and the post-hoc Tukey-Kramer test. RESULTS A total of 160 women were included in the study. Anxiety levels decreased over time for women with a certain diagnosis (n = 128), even when negative (n = 64), and increased over time for women with an uncertain diagnosis (n = 32). Before the ultrasound examination, anxiety levels were high (STAI value, 21.96 ± 1.11) and there was no significant difference between the five groups. Immediately after the ultrasound examination, anxiety levels were lower in the viable IUP group (n = 64; 7.75 ± 1.13) than in any other group. The difference between the five groups was significant (P < 0.005). After 48-72 hours, women with a certain diagnosis had significantly lower anxiety levels than had those with an uncertain diagnosis (10.77 ± 4.30 vs 22.94 ± 1.65; P < 0.005). CONCLUSIONS The experience of abdominal pain and/or vaginal bleeding in early pregnancy is highly anxiogenic. Following an ultrasound examination, the certainty of the diagnosis affects anxiety levels more than does the positive or negative connotations associated with the diagnosis per se. Healthcare providers should be aware of this when communicating uncertain diagnoses. Copyright © 2016 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Richardson
- Division of Child Health, Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
- Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, UK
- Nurture Fertility, The East Midlands Fertility Centre, Nottingham, UK
| | - N Raine-Fenning
- Division of Child Health, Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
- Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, UK
- Nurture Fertility, The East Midlands Fertility Centre, Nottingham, UK
| | - S Deb
- Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, UK
| | - B Campbell
- Division of Child Health, Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - K Vedhara
- Division of Primary Care, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
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24
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Affiliation(s)
- R. N. Clark
- University of Washington FT-10 Electrical Engineering Department, Seattle, Washington 98195
| | - B. Campbell
- Brown and Root, Inc., P.O. Box 3 Houston, Texas 77001
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25
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Richardson A, Hopkisson J, Campbell B, Raine-Fenning N. Use of double decidual sac sign to confirm intrauterine pregnancy location prior to sonographic visualization of embryonic contents. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2017; 49:643-648. [PMID: 27194568 DOI: 10.1002/uog.15966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2016] [Revised: 05/09/2016] [Accepted: 05/11/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine the diagnostic accuracy of the double decidual sac sign (DDSS) for predicting an intrauterine pregnancy (IUP) prior to visualization of embryonic contents, using modern high-resolution transvaginal sonography (TVS). METHODS The study was conducted following STARD guidelines and participants were recruited prospectively from Nurture Fertility, Nottingham, UK, following in-vitro fertilization/intracytoplasmic sperm injection treatment between 1 January 2015 and 31 October 2015. Women were excluded if there was no evidence of intrauterine fluid collection during the index test, a yolk sac or fetal pole was visible during the index test, no outcome data were available or pregnancy location could not be determined by the reference standard. The index test consisted of TVS at 32-34 days' gestation using a high-frequency transvaginal probe. Reference standard was TVS at 7 weeks' gestation. The outcome of interest was an IUP. RESULTS A total of 67 intrauterine fluid collections were observed and included in the analysis, of which 61 exhibited the DDSS and 65 were proven to be IUPs. Two ectopic pregnancies were included, neither of which demonstrated the DDSS. The DDSS therefore had a sensitivity of 93.9% (95% CI, 85.0-98.3%), specificity of 100% (95% CI, 15.8-100%) and overall diagnostic accuracy of 94.0% (95% CI, 88.3-99.7%) for predicting an IUP. The negative likelihood ratio and positive and negative predictive values were 0.06 (95% CI, 0.02-0.16), 100% (95% CI, 94.1-100%) and 33.3% (95% CI, 4.3-77.7%), respectively. CONCLUSION With modern high-resolution TVS, presence of the DDSS can be used to confirm accurately IUP location prior to sonographic visualization of embryonic contents, and therefore to exclude effectively ectopic pregnancy. Absence of the DDSS, however, does not preclude an IUP. Copyright © 2016 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Richardson
- Nurture Fertility, The East Midlands Fertility Clinic, Nottingham, UK
- Division of Child Health, Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - J Hopkisson
- Nurture Fertility, The East Midlands Fertility Clinic, Nottingham, UK
- Division of Child Health, Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - B Campbell
- Division of Child Health, Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - N Raine-Fenning
- Nurture Fertility, The East Midlands Fertility Clinic, Nottingham, UK
- Division of Child Health, Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
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26
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Quintana CM, Chen Y, Sank D, Petukhov AG, White TC, Kafri D, Chiaro B, Megrant A, Barends R, Campbell B, Chen Z, Dunsworth A, Fowler AG, Graff R, Jeffrey E, Kelly J, Lucero E, Mutus JY, Neeley M, Neill C, O'Malley PJJ, Roushan P, Shabani A, Smelyanskiy VN, Vainsencher A, Wenner J, Neven H, Martinis JM. Observation of Classical-Quantum Crossover of 1/f Flux Noise and Its Paramagnetic Temperature Dependence. Phys Rev Lett 2017; 118:057702. [PMID: 28211704 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.118.057702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
By analyzing the dissipative dynamics of a tunable gap flux qubit, we extract both sides of its two-sided environmental flux noise spectral density over a range of frequencies around 2k_{B}T/h≈1 GHz, allowing for the observation of a classical-quantum crossover. Below the crossover point, the symmetric noise component follows a 1/f power law that matches the magnitude of the 1/f noise near 1 Hz. The antisymmetric component displays a 1/T dependence below 100 mK, providing dynamical evidence for a paramagnetic environment. Extrapolating the two-sided spectrum predicts the linewidth and reorganization energy of incoherent resonant tunneling between flux qubit wells.
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Affiliation(s)
- C M Quintana
- Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
| | - Yu Chen
- Google Inc., Santa Barbara, California 93117, USA
| | - D Sank
- Google Inc., Santa Barbara, California 93117, USA
| | - A G Petukhov
- NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035, USA
| | - T C White
- Google Inc., Santa Barbara, California 93117, USA
| | - Dvir Kafri
- Google Inc., Venice, California 90291, USA
| | - B Chiaro
- Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
| | - A Megrant
- Google Inc., Santa Barbara, California 93117, USA
| | - R Barends
- Google Inc., Santa Barbara, California 93117, USA
| | - B Campbell
- Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
| | - Z Chen
- Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
| | - A Dunsworth
- Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
| | - A G Fowler
- Google Inc., Santa Barbara, California 93117, USA
| | - R Graff
- Google Inc., Santa Barbara, California 93117, USA
| | - E Jeffrey
- Google Inc., Santa Barbara, California 93117, USA
| | - J Kelly
- Google Inc., Santa Barbara, California 93117, USA
| | - E Lucero
- Google Inc., Santa Barbara, California 93117, USA
| | - J Y Mutus
- Google Inc., Santa Barbara, California 93117, USA
| | - M Neeley
- Google Inc., Santa Barbara, California 93117, USA
| | - C Neill
- Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
| | - P J J O'Malley
- Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
| | - P Roushan
- Google Inc., Santa Barbara, California 93117, USA
| | - A Shabani
- Google Inc., Venice, California 90291, USA
| | | | | | - J Wenner
- Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
| | - H Neven
- Google Inc., Venice, California 90291, USA
| | - John M Martinis
- Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
- Google Inc., Santa Barbara, California 93117, USA
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27
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Sank D, Chen Z, Khezri M, Kelly J, Barends R, Campbell B, Chen Y, Chiaro B, Dunsworth A, Fowler A, Jeffrey E, Lucero E, Megrant A, Mutus J, Neeley M, Neill C, O'Malley PJJ, Quintana C, Roushan P, Vainsencher A, White T, Wenner J, Korotkov AN, Martinis JM. Measurement-Induced State Transitions in a Superconducting Qubit: Beyond the Rotating Wave Approximation. Phys Rev Lett 2016; 117:190503. [PMID: 27858439 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.117.190503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Many superconducting qubit systems use the dispersive interaction between the qubit and a coupled harmonic resonator to perform quantum state measurement. Previous works have found that such measurements can induce state transitions in the qubit if the number of photons in the resonator is too high. We investigate these transitions and find that they can push the qubit out of the two-level subspace, and that they show resonant behavior as a function of photon number. We develop a theory for these observations based on level crossings within the Jaynes-Cummings ladder, with transitions mediated by terms in the Hamiltonian that are typically ignored by the rotating wave approximation. We find that the most important of these terms comes from an unexpected broken symmetry in the qubit potential. We confirm the theory by measuring the photon occupation of the resonator when transitions occur while varying the detuning between the qubit and resonator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Sank
- Google Inc., Santa Barbara, California 93117, USA
| | - Zijun Chen
- Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106-9530, USA
| | - Mostafa Khezri
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, USA
- Department of Physics, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, USA
| | - J Kelly
- Google Inc., Santa Barbara, California 93117, USA
| | - R Barends
- Google Inc., Santa Barbara, California 93117, USA
| | - B Campbell
- Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106-9530, USA
| | - Y Chen
- Google Inc., Santa Barbara, California 93117, USA
| | - B Chiaro
- Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106-9530, USA
| | - A Dunsworth
- Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106-9530, USA
| | - A Fowler
- Google Inc., Santa Barbara, California 93117, USA
| | - E Jeffrey
- Google Inc., Santa Barbara, California 93117, USA
| | - E Lucero
- Google Inc., Santa Barbara, California 93117, USA
| | - A Megrant
- Google Inc., Santa Barbara, California 93117, USA
| | - J Mutus
- Google Inc., Santa Barbara, California 93117, USA
| | - M Neeley
- Google Inc., Santa Barbara, California 93117, USA
| | - C Neill
- Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106-9530, USA
| | - P J J O'Malley
- Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106-9530, USA
| | - C Quintana
- Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106-9530, USA
| | - P Roushan
- Google Inc., Santa Barbara, California 93117, USA
| | | | - T White
- Google Inc., Santa Barbara, California 93117, USA
| | - J Wenner
- Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106-9530, USA
| | - Alexander N Korotkov
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, USA
| | - John M Martinis
- Google Inc., Santa Barbara, California 93117, USA
- Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106-9530, USA
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28
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Diener HC, Bernstein R, Butcher K, Campbell B, Cloud G, Davalos A, Davis S, Ferro JM, Grond M, Krieger D, Ntaios G, Slowik A, Touzé E. Thrombolysis and thrombectomy in patients treated with dabigatran with acute ischemic stroke: Expert opinion. Int J Stroke 2016; 12:9-12. [DOI: 10.1177/1747493016669849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Systemic thrombolysis with rt-PA is contraindicated in patients with acute ischemic stroke anticoagulated with dabigatran. This expert opinion provides guidance on the use of the specific reversal agent idarucizumab followed by rt-PA and/or thrombectomy in patients with ischemic stroke pre-treated with dabigatran. The use of idarucizumab followed by rt-PA is covered by the label of both drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- HC Diener
- Department of Neurology, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - R Bernstein
- Northwestern Stroke Program, Chicago, IL, USA
- Feinberg School of Medicine of Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - K Butcher
- Division of Neurology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - B Campbell
- Department of Medicine and Neurology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - G Cloud
- The Department of Neurology, Atkinson Morley’s Wing, St George’s University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - A Davalos
- Department of Neurosciences, Hospital Germans Trias I Pujol, Universidad Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - S Davis
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - JM Ferro
- Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Hospital Santa Maria – CHLN, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - M Grond
- Department of Neurology, Kreisklinikum Siegen, Germany
| | - D Krieger
- Comprehensive Stroke Center, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Cityhospital Mediclinic, Dubai Health Care City, Dubai, UAE
| | - G Ntaios
- Department of Medicine, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
| | - A Slowik
- Department of Neurology, Medical College, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - E Touzé
- Normandie University, UNICAEN, Inserm U919, Department of Neurology, Caen, France
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29
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Campbell B, Raherison C, Lodge CJ, Lowe AJ, Gislason T, Heinrich J, Sunyer J, Gómez Real F, Norbäck D, Matheson MC, Wjst M, Dratva J, de Marco R, Jarvis D, Schlünssen V, Janson C, Leynaert B, Svanes C, Dharmage SC. The effects of growing up on a farm on adult lung function and allergic phenotypes: an international population-based study. Thorax 2016; 72:236-244. [PMID: 27672121 DOI: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2015-208154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2015] [Revised: 07/06/2016] [Accepted: 07/22/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Evidence has suggested that exposure to environmental or microbial biodiversity in early life may impact subsequent lung function and allergic disease risk. OBJECTIVES To investigate the influence of childhood living environment and biodiversity indicators on atopy, asthma and lung function in adulthood. METHODS AND MEASUREMENTS The European Community Respiratory Health Survey II investigated ∼10 201 participants aged 26-54 years from 14 countries, including participants' place of upbringing (farm, rural environment or inner city) before age 5 years. A 'biodiversity score' was created based on childhood exposure to cats, dogs, day care, bedroom sharing and older siblings. Associations with lung function, bronchial hyper-responsiveness (BHR), allergic sensitisation, asthma and rhinitis were analysed. MAIN RESULTS As compared with a city upbringing, those with early-life farm exposure had less atopic sensitisation (adjusted OR 0.46, 95% CI 0.37 to 0.58), atopic BHR (0.54 (0.35 to 0.83)), atopic asthma (0.47 (0.28 to 0.81)) and atopic rhinitis (0.43 (0.32 to 0.57)), but not non-atopic outcomes. Less pronounced protective effects were observed for rural environment exposures. Women with a farm upbringing had higher FEV1 (adjusted difference 110 mL (64 to 157)), independent of sensitisation and asthma. In an inner city environment, a higher biodiversity score was related to less allergic sensitisation. CONCLUSIONS This is the first study to report beneficial effects of growing up on a farm on adult FEV1. Our study confirmed the beneficial effects of early farm life on sensitisation, asthma and rhinitis, and found a similar association for BHR. In persons with an urban upbringing, a higher biodiversity score predicted less allergic sensitisation, but to a lesser magnitude than a childhood farm environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Campbell
- Allergy & Lung Health Unit, Centre for Epidemiology & Biostatistics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - C Raherison
- Unité Epidémiologie et Biostatistique, Université Bordeaux Segalen, Bordeaux, France
| | - C J Lodge
- Allergy & Lung Health Unit, Centre for Epidemiology & Biostatistics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - A J Lowe
- Allergy & Lung Health Unit, Centre for Epidemiology & Biostatistics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - T Gislason
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Sleep, Landspitali University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - J Heinrich
- Instititute of Epidemiology I, German Research Centre for Environmental Health, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany.,Institute and Outpatient Clinic for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, University Hospital Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - J Sunyer
- Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain.,Departament de Ciències Experimentals i de la Salut (UPF), Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - F Gómez Real
- Department of Occupational Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.,Centre for International Health, University of Bergen, Norway
| | - D Norbäck
- Department of Medical Sciences; Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - M C Matheson
- Allergy & Lung Health Unit, Centre for Epidemiology & Biostatistics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - M Wjst
- Institute of Lung Biology and Health (iLBD), Comprehensive Pneumology Center (CPC), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - J Dratva
- Epidemiology and Public Health, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland.,University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - R de Marco
- Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - D Jarvis
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, UK
| | - V Schlünssen
- Section for Environment Occupation and Health, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - C Janson
- Department of Occupational Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - B Leynaert
- Centre de Recherche Albert Bonniot, Grenoble, France
| | - C Svanes
- Department of Occupational Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - S C Dharmage
- Allergy & Lung Health Unit, Centre for Epidemiology & Biostatistics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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30
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Maalouf W, Maalouf W, Campbell B, Jayaprakasan K. Effect of ethnicity on live birth rates after in vitro fertilisation/intracytoplasmic sperm injection treatment: analysis of UK national database. BJOG 2016; 124:904-910. [DOI: 10.1111/1471-0528.14241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- W Maalouf
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology; Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences; University of Nottingham; Nottingham UK
| | - W Maalouf
- Prevention, Treatment and Rehabilitation Section; United Nations Office; Vienna Austria
| | - B Campbell
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology; Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences; University of Nottingham; Nottingham UK
| | - K Jayaprakasan
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology; Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences; University of Nottingham; Nottingham UK
- Derby Fertility Unit; Royal Derby Hospital; Derby UK
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31
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Charlton KE, Russell J, Gorman E, Hanich Q, Delisle A, Campbell B, Bell J. Fish, food security and health in Pacific Island countries and territories: a systematic literature review. BMC Public Health 2016; 16:285. [PMID: 27009072 PMCID: PMC4806432 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-016-2953-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2015] [Accepted: 03/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Pacific Island countries and territories (PICTs) face a double burden of disease, with a high prevalence of household food insecurity and childhood micronutrient deficiencies, accompanied by a burgeoning increase in adult obesity, diabetes and heart disease. Methods A systematic literature review was undertaken to assess whether increased availability of, and access to, fish improves a) household food security and b) individual nutritional status. Results A total of 29 studies were reviewed. Fourteen studies identified fish as the primary food source for Pacific Islanders and five studies reported fish/seafood as the primary source of dietary protein. Fish consumption varied by cultural sub-region and Pacific Island countries and territories. Fish consumption and nutritional status was addressed in nine studies, reporting moderate iodine deficiency in Vanuatu where only 30 % of participants consumed mostly fresh fish. Similarly, the degree to which Pacific Islanders depended on fishing for household income and livelihood varied between and within PICTs. For more economically developed countries, household income was derived increasingly from salaried work and dependency on fishing activities has been declining. Conclusions Fishing remains a major contributor to food security in PICTs, through subsistence production and income generation. However, there is a paucity of research aimed at assessing how maintaining and/or improving fish consumption benefits the diets and health of Pacific Islanders as they contend with the ongoing nutrition transition that is characterised by an increasing demand for packaged imported foods, such as canned meats, instant noodles, cereals, rice, and sugar-sweetened beverages, with subsequent decreased consumption of locally-produced plants and animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen E Charlton
- School of Medicine, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia.
| | - Joanna Russell
- School of Health and Society, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia
| | - Emma Gorman
- School of Health and Society, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia
| | - Quentin Hanich
- Australian National Centre for Ocean Resources and Security (ANCORS), University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia
| | - Aurélie Delisle
- Australian National Centre for Ocean Resources and Security (ANCORS), University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia
| | - Brooke Campbell
- Australian National Centre for Ocean Resources and Security (ANCORS), University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia
| | - Johann Bell
- Australian National Centre for Ocean Resources and Security (ANCORS), University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia.,Betty and Gordon Moore Center for Science and Oceans, Conservation International, Arlington, VA, 22202, USA
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32
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Chen Z, Kelly J, Quintana C, Barends R, Campbell B, Chen Y, Chiaro B, Dunsworth A, Fowler AG, Lucero E, Jeffrey E, Megrant A, Mutus J, Neeley M, Neill C, O'Malley PJJ, Roushan P, Sank D, Vainsencher A, Wenner J, White TC, Korotkov AN, Martinis JM. Measuring and Suppressing Quantum State Leakage in a Superconducting Qubit. Phys Rev Lett 2016; 116:020501. [PMID: 26824531 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.116.020501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Leakage errors occur when a quantum system leaves the two-level qubit subspace. Reducing these errors is critically important for quantum error correction to be viable. To quantify leakage errors, we use randomized benchmarking in conjunction with measurement of the leakage population. We characterize single qubit gates in a superconducting qubit, and by refining our use of derivative reduction by adiabatic gate pulse shaping along with detuning of the pulses, we obtain gate errors consistently below 10^{-3} and leakage rates at the 10^{-5} level. With the control optimized, we find that a significant portion of the remaining leakage is due to incoherent heating of the qubit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zijun Chen
- Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106-9530, USA
| | - Julian Kelly
- Google Inc., Santa Barbara, California 93117, USA
| | - Chris Quintana
- Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106-9530, USA
| | - R Barends
- Google Inc., Santa Barbara, California 93117, USA
| | - B Campbell
- Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106-9530, USA
| | - Yu Chen
- Google Inc., Santa Barbara, California 93117, USA
| | - B Chiaro
- Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106-9530, USA
| | - A Dunsworth
- Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106-9530, USA
| | - A G Fowler
- Google Inc., Santa Barbara, California 93117, USA
| | - E Lucero
- Google Inc., Santa Barbara, California 93117, USA
| | - E Jeffrey
- Google Inc., Santa Barbara, California 93117, USA
| | - A Megrant
- Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106-9530, USA
- Department of Materials, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
| | - J Mutus
- Google Inc., Santa Barbara, California 93117, USA
| | - M Neeley
- Google Inc., Santa Barbara, California 93117, USA
| | - C Neill
- Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106-9530, USA
| | - P J J O'Malley
- Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106-9530, USA
| | - P Roushan
- Google Inc., Santa Barbara, California 93117, USA
| | - D Sank
- Google Inc., Santa Barbara, California 93117, USA
| | - A Vainsencher
- Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106-9530, USA
| | - J Wenner
- Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106-9530, USA
| | - T C White
- Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106-9530, USA
| | - A N Korotkov
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, USA
| | - John M Martinis
- Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106-9530, USA
- Google Inc., Santa Barbara, California 93117, USA
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Alduraywish SA, Lodge CJ, Campbell B, Allen KJ, Erbas B, Lowe AJ, Dharmage SC. The march from early life food sensitization to allergic disease: a systematic review and meta-analyses of birth cohort studies. Allergy 2016; 71:77-89. [PMID: 26466117 DOI: 10.1111/all.12784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/02/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is growing evidence for an increase in food allergies. The question of whether early life food sensitization, a primary step in food allergies, leads to other allergic disease is a controversial but important issue. Birth cohorts are an ideal design to answer this question. OBJECTIVES We aimed to systematically investigate and meta-analyse the evidence for associations between early food sensitization and allergic disease in birth cohorts. METHODS MEDLINE and SCOPUS databases were searched for birth cohorts that have investigated the association between food sensitization in the first 2 years and subsequent wheeze/asthma, eczema and/or allergic rhinitis. We performed meta-analyses using random-effects models to obtain pooled estimates, stratified by age group. RESULTS The search yielded fifteen original articles representing thirteen cohorts. Early life food sensitization was associated with an increased risk of infantile eczema, childhood wheeze/asthma, eczema and allergic rhinitis and young adult asthma. Meta-analyses demonstrated that early life food sensitization is related to an increased risk of wheeze/asthma (pooled OR 2.9; 95% CI 2.0-4.0), eczema (pooled OR 2.7; 95% CI 1.7-4.4) and allergic rhinitis (pooled OR 3.1; 95% CI 1.9-4.9) from 4 to 8 years. CONCLUSION Food sensitization in the first 2 years of life can identify children at high risk of subsequent allergic disease who may benefit from early life preventive strategies. However, due to potential residual confounding in the majority of studies combined with lack of follow-up into adolescence and adulthood, further research is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. A. Alduraywish
- Allergy and Lung Health Unit; Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics; Melbourne School of Population and Global Health; University of Melbourne; Melbourne Vic. Australia
- Department of Family and Community Medicine; King Saud University; Riyadh Saudi Arabia
| | - C. J. Lodge
- Allergy and Lung Health Unit; Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics; Melbourne School of Population and Global Health; University of Melbourne; Melbourne Vic. Australia
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute; Melbourne Vic. Australia
| | - B. Campbell
- Allergy and Lung Health Unit; Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics; Melbourne School of Population and Global Health; University of Melbourne; Melbourne Vic. Australia
| | - K. J. Allen
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute; Melbourne Vic. Australia
- Department of Allergy; Royal Children Hospital; Melbourne Vic. Australia
| | - B. Erbas
- Department of Public Health; School of Psychology & Public Health; La Trobe University; Melbourne Vic. Australia
| | - A. J. Lowe
- Allergy and Lung Health Unit; Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics; Melbourne School of Population and Global Health; University of Melbourne; Melbourne Vic. Australia
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute; Melbourne Vic. Australia
| | - S. C. Dharmage
- Allergy and Lung Health Unit; Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics; Melbourne School of Population and Global Health; University of Melbourne; Melbourne Vic. Australia
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute; Melbourne Vic. Australia
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Barends R, Lamata L, Kelly J, García-Álvarez L, Fowler AG, Megrant A, Jeffrey E, White TC, Sank D, Mutus JY, Campbell B, Chen Y, Chen Z, Chiaro B, Dunsworth A, Hoi IC, Neill C, O'Malley PJJ, Quintana C, Roushan P, Vainsencher A, Wenner J, Solano E, Martinis JM. Digital quantum simulation of fermionic models with a superconducting circuit. Nat Commun 2015; 6:7654. [PMID: 26153660 PMCID: PMC4510643 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms8654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 214] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2015] [Accepted: 05/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the key applications of quantum information is simulating nature. Fermions are ubiquitous in nature, appearing in condensed matter systems, chemistry and high energy physics. However, universally simulating their interactions is arguably one of the largest challenges, because of the difficulties arising from anticommutativity. Here we use digital methods to construct the required arbitrary interactions, and perform quantum simulation of up to four fermionic modes with a superconducting quantum circuit. We employ in excess of 300 quantum logic gates, and reach fidelities that are consistent with a simple model of uncorrelated errors. The presented approach is in principle scalable to a larger number of modes, and arbitrary spatial dimensions.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Barends
- Google Inc., Santa Barbara, California 93117, USA
| | - L Lamata
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Apartado 644, Bilbao E-48080, Spain
| | - J Kelly
- Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
| | - L García-Álvarez
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Apartado 644, Bilbao E-48080, Spain
| | - A G Fowler
- Google Inc., Santa Barbara, California 93117, USA
| | - A Megrant
- 1] Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA. [2] Department of Materials, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
| | - E Jeffrey
- Google Inc., Santa Barbara, California 93117, USA
| | - T C White
- Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
| | - D Sank
- Google Inc., Santa Barbara, California 93117, USA
| | - J Y Mutus
- Google Inc., Santa Barbara, California 93117, USA
| | - B Campbell
- Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
| | - Yu Chen
- Google Inc., Santa Barbara, California 93117, USA
| | - Z Chen
- Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
| | - B Chiaro
- Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
| | - A Dunsworth
- Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
| | - I-C Hoi
- Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
| | - C Neill
- Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
| | - P J J O'Malley
- Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
| | - C Quintana
- Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
| | - P Roushan
- Google Inc., Santa Barbara, California 93117, USA
| | - A Vainsencher
- Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
| | - J Wenner
- Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
| | - E Solano
- 1] Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Apartado 644, Bilbao E-48080, Spain. [2] IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Maria Diaz de Haro 3, Bilbao 48013, Spain
| | - John M Martinis
- 1] Google Inc., Santa Barbara, California 93117, USA. [2] Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
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Affiliation(s)
- J Chambers
- From the British Heart Valve Society, Society for Cardiological Science and Technology, British Association of Nursing for Cardiac Care and Royal College of General Practitioners
| | - B Campbell
- From the British Heart Valve Society, Society for Cardiological Science and Technology, British Association of Nursing for Cardiac Care and Royal College of General Practitioners
| | - J Wilson
- From the British Heart Valve Society, Society for Cardiological Science and Technology, British Association of Nursing for Cardiac Care and Royal College of General Practitioners
| | - C Arden
- From the British Heart Valve Society, Society for Cardiological Science and Technology, British Association of Nursing for Cardiac Care and Royal College of General Practitioners
| | - S Ray
- From the British Heart Valve Society, Society for Cardiological Science and Technology, British Association of Nursing for Cardiac Care and Royal College of General Practitioners
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El-Sheikha J, Carradice D, Nandhra S, Leung C, Smith GE, Campbell B, Chetter IC. Systematic review of compression following treatment for varicose veins. Br J Surg 2015; 102:719-25. [DOI: 10.1002/bjs.9788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2014] [Revised: 11/25/2014] [Accepted: 01/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Consensus regarding compression following treatment of varicose veins has yet to be reached. This systematic review aims to establish the optimal compression regimen after venous treatment.
Methods
A systematic review of MEDLINE, Embase and CENTRAL was performed to identify randomized clinical trials (RCTs) investigating different compression strategies following treatment for superficial venous insufficiency.
Results
Seven RCTs comparing different durations and methods of compression fulfilled the inclusion criteria. The treatment modality was open surgery in three trials, foam sclerotherapy in two and endovenous laser ablation (EVLA) in two trials. The quality of the studies was variable, and significant sources of potential bias were present. Both the studies and compression regimens used were heterogeneous. Ten products were used in six general regimens for a duration of 0–42 days. One study suggested that 7 days rather than 2 days of stockings following EVLA was associated with superior quality of life and less pain at 1 week. Another study reported that, following surgery, application of a compression stocking after 3 days of bandaging was associated with a slightly longer recovery than no compression after 3 days. One study recorded compliance clearly, finding it to be only 40 per cent. The quality and heterogeneity of the studies precluded meta-analysis.
Conclusion
There is currently little quality evidence upon which to base any recommendations concerning compression following treatment for varicose veins.
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Affiliation(s)
- J El-Sheikha
- Academic Vascular Surgery Unit, Hull Royal Infirmary and Hull York Medical School/University of Hull, Hull, UK
| | - D Carradice
- Academic Vascular Surgery Unit, Hull Royal Infirmary and Hull York Medical School/University of Hull, Hull, UK
| | - S Nandhra
- Academic Vascular Surgery Unit, Hull Royal Infirmary and Hull York Medical School/University of Hull, Hull, UK
| | - C Leung
- Academic Vascular Surgery Unit, Hull Royal Infirmary and Hull York Medical School/University of Hull, Hull, UK
| | - G E Smith
- Academic Vascular Surgery Unit, Hull Royal Infirmary and Hull York Medical School/University of Hull, Hull, UK
| | - B Campbell
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital and University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK
| | - I C Chetter
- Academic Vascular Surgery Unit, Hull Royal Infirmary and Hull York Medical School/University of Hull, Hull, UK
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Kelly J, Barends R, Fowler AG, Megrant A, Jeffrey E, White TC, Sank D, Mutus JY, Campbell B, Chen Y, Chen Z, Chiaro B, Dunsworth A, Hoi IC, Neill C, O'Malley PJJ, Quintana C, Roushan P, Vainsencher A, Wenner J, Cleland AN, Martinis JM. State preservation by repetitive error detection in a superconducting quantum circuit. Nature 2015; 519:66-9. [PMID: 25739628 DOI: 10.1038/nature14270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 603] [Impact Index Per Article: 67.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2014] [Accepted: 01/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Quantum computing becomes viable when a quantum state can be protected from environment-induced error. If quantum bits (qubits) are sufficiently reliable, errors are sparse and quantum error correction (QEC) is capable of identifying and correcting them. Adding more qubits improves the preservation of states by guaranteeing that increasingly larger clusters of errors will not cause logical failure-a key requirement for large-scale systems. Using QEC to extend the qubit lifetime remains one of the outstanding experimental challenges in quantum computing. Here we report the protection of classical states from environmental bit-flip errors and demonstrate the suppression of these errors with increasing system size. We use a linear array of nine qubits, which is a natural step towards the two-dimensional surface code QEC scheme, and track errors as they occur by repeatedly performing projective quantum non-demolition parity measurements. Relative to a single physical qubit, we reduce the failure rate in retrieving an input state by a factor of 2.7 when using five of our nine qubits and by a factor of 8.5 when using all nine qubits after eight cycles. Additionally, we tomographically verify preservation of the non-classical Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger state. The successful suppression of environment-induced errors will motivate further research into the many challenges associated with building a large-scale superconducting quantum computer.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Kelly
- Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
| | - R Barends
- Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
| | - A G Fowler
- 1] Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA [2] Centre for Quantum Computation and Communication Technology, School of Physics, The University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - A Megrant
- 1] Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA [2] Department of Materials, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
| | - E Jeffrey
- Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
| | - T C White
- Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
| | - D Sank
- Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
| | - J Y Mutus
- Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
| | - B Campbell
- Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
| | - Yu Chen
- Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
| | - Z Chen
- Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
| | - B Chiaro
- Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
| | - A Dunsworth
- Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
| | - I-C Hoi
- Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
| | - C Neill
- Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
| | - P J J O'Malley
- Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
| | - C Quintana
- Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
| | - P Roushan
- Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
| | - A Vainsencher
- Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
| | - J Wenner
- Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
| | - A N Cleland
- Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
| | - John M Martinis
- Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
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Bari A, Dec A, Lee AW, Lee J, Song D, Dale E, Peterson J, Zorn S, Huang X, Campbell B, Robbins TW, West AR. Enhanced inhibitory control by neuropeptide Y Y5 receptor blockade in rats. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2015; 232:959-73. [PMID: 25194952 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-014-3730-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2014] [Accepted: 08/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE The neuropeptide Y (NPY) system acts in synergy with the classic neurotransmitters to regulate a large variety of functions including autonomic, affective, and cognitive processes. Research on the effects of NPY in the central nervous system has focused on food intake control and affective processes, but growing evidence of NPY involvement in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and other psychiatric conditions motivated the present study. OBJECTIVES We tested the effects of the novel and highly selective NPY Y5 receptor antagonist Lu AE00654 on impulsivity and the underlying cortico-striatal circuitry in rats to further explore the possible involvement of the NPY system in pathologies characterized by inattention and impulsive behavior. RESULTS A low dose of Lu AE00654 (0.03 mg/kg) selectively facilitated response inhibition as measured by the stop-signal task, whereas no effects were found at higher doses (0.3 and 3 mg/kg). Systemic administration of Lu AE00654 also enhanced the inhibitory influence of the dorsal frontal cortex on neurons in the caudate-putamen, this fronto-striatal circuitry being implicated in the executive control of behavior. Finally, by locally injecting a Y5 agonist, we observed reciprocal activation between dorsal frontal cortex and caudate-putamen neurons. Importantly, the effects of the Y5 agonist were attenuated by pretreatment with Lu AE00654, confirming the presence of Y5 binding sites modulating functional interactions within frontal-subcortical circuits. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that the NPY system modulates inhibitory neurotransmission in brain areas important for impulse control, and may be relevant for the treatment of pathologies such as ADHD and drug abuse.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Bari
- Behavioral and Clinical Neuroscience Institute and Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EB, UK,
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El-Sheikha J, Nandhra S, Carradice D, Acey C, Smith GE, Campbell B, Chetter IC. Compression regimes after endovenous ablation for superficial venous insufficiency – A survey of members of the Vascular Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Phlebology 2015; 31:16-22. [DOI: 10.1177/0268355514567732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Introduction The optimal compression regime following ultrasound guided foam sclerotherapy (UGFS), radiofrequency ablation (RFA) and endovenous laser ablation (EVLA) for varicose veins is not known. The aim of this study was to document current practice. Methods Postal questionnaire sent to 348 consultant members of the Vascular Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Results Valid replies were received from 41% ( n = 141) surgeons representing at least 68 (61%) vascular units. UGFS was used by 74% surgeons, RFA by 70% and EVLA by 32%, but fewer patients received UGFS (median 30) annually, than endothermal treatment (median 50) – P = 0.019. All surgeons prescribed compression: following UGFS for median seven days (range two days to three months) and after endothermal ablation for 10 days (range two days to six weeks) – P = 0.298. Seven different combinations of bandages, pads and compression stockings were reported following UGFS and four after endothermal ablation. Some surgeons advised changing from bandages to stockings from five days (range 1–14) after UGFS. Following endothermal ablation, 71% used bandages only, followed by compression stockings after two days (range 1–14). The majority of surgeons (87%) also treated varicose tributaries: 65% used phlebectomy, the majority (65%) synchronously with endothermal ablation. Concordance of compression regimes between surgeons within vascular units was uncommon. Only seven units using UGFS and six units using endothermal ablation had consistent compression regimes. Conclusion Compression regimes after treatments for varicose veins vary significantly: more evidence is needed to guide practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- J El-Sheikha
- Academic Vascular Surgery Unit, Hull York Medical School/Hull University, Hull, UK
| | - S Nandhra
- Academic Vascular Surgery Unit, Hull York Medical School/Hull University, Hull, UK
| | - D Carradice
- Academic Vascular Surgery Unit, Hull York Medical School/Hull University, Hull, UK
| | - C Acey
- Academic Vascular Surgery Unit, Hull York Medical School/Hull University, Hull, UK
| | - GE Smith
- Academic Vascular Surgery Unit, Hull York Medical School/Hull University, Hull, UK
| | - B Campbell
- Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital and University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK
| | - IC Chetter
- Academic Vascular Surgery Unit, Hull York Medical School/Hull University, Hull, UK
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Chen Y, Neill C, Roushan P, Leung N, Fang M, Barends R, Kelly J, Campbell B, Chen Z, Chiaro B, Dunsworth A, Jeffrey E, Megrant A, Mutus JY, O'Malley PJJ, Quintana CM, Sank D, Vainsencher A, Wenner J, White TC, Geller MR, Cleland AN, Martinis JM. Qubit Architecture with High Coherence and Fast Tunable Coupling. Phys Rev Lett 2014; 113:220502. [PMID: 25494061 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.113.220502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We introduce a superconducting qubit architecture that combines high-coherence qubits and tunable qubit-qubit coupling. With the ability to set the coupling to zero, we demonstrate that this architecture is protected from the frequency crowding problems that arise from fixed coupling. More importantly, the coupling can be tuned dynamically with nanosecond resolution, making this architecture a versatile platform with applications ranging from quantum logic gates to quantum simulation. We illustrate the advantages of dynamical coupling by implementing a novel adiabatic controlled-z gate, with a speed approaching that of single-qubit gates. Integrating coherence and scalable control, the introduced qubit architecture provides a promising path towards large-scale quantum computation and simulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Chen
- Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106-9530, USA
| | - C Neill
- Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106-9530, USA
| | - P Roushan
- Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106-9530, USA
| | - N Leung
- Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106-9530, USA
| | - M Fang
- Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106-9530, USA
| | - R Barends
- Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106-9530, USA
| | - J Kelly
- Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106-9530, USA
| | - B Campbell
- Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106-9530, USA
| | - Z Chen
- Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106-9530, USA
| | - B Chiaro
- Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106-9530, USA
| | - A Dunsworth
- Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106-9530, USA
| | - E Jeffrey
- Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106-9530, USA
| | - A Megrant
- Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106-9530, USA and Department of Materials, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106-5050, USA
| | - J Y Mutus
- Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106-9530, USA
| | - P J J O'Malley
- Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106-9530, USA
| | - C M Quintana
- Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106-9530, USA
| | - D Sank
- Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106-9530, USA
| | - A Vainsencher
- Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106-9530, USA
| | - J Wenner
- Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106-9530, USA
| | - T C White
- Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106-9530, USA
| | - Michael R Geller
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, USA
| | - A N Cleland
- Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106-9530, USA
| | - John M Martinis
- Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106-9530, USA
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Roushan P, Neill C, Chen Y, Kolodrubetz M, Quintana C, Leung N, Fang M, Barends R, Campbell B, Chen Z, Chiaro B, Dunsworth A, Jeffrey E, Kelly J, Megrant A, Mutus J, O’Malley PJJ, Sank D, Vainsencher A, Wenner J, White T, Polkovnikov A, Cleland AN, Martinis JM. Observation of topological transitions in interacting quantum circuits. Nature 2014; 515:241-4. [DOI: 10.1038/nature13891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2014] [Accepted: 09/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Lau MYZ, Dharmage SC, Burgess JA, Lowe AJ, Lodge CJ, Campbell B, Matheson MC. CD14 polymorphisms, microbial exposure and allergic diseases: a systematic review of gene-environment interactions. Allergy 2014; 69:1440-53. [PMID: 24889096 DOI: 10.1111/all.12454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Asthma and allergy may develop as a result of interactions between environmental factors and the genetic characteristics of an individual. This review aims to summarize the available evidence for, and potential effects of, an interaction between polymorphisms of the CD14 gene and exposure to microbes on the risk of asthma and allergic diseases. We searched PubMed, MEDLINE and Global Health databases, finding 12 articles which met inclusion criteria. Most studies reported a significant interaction between CD14 polymorphisms and microbial exposure. When stratified by age at microbial exposure (early life vs adult life), there was evidence of a protective effect of gene-environment interaction against atopy in children, but not adults. We also found different effects of interaction depending on the type of microbial exposures. There was no strong evidence for asthma and eczema. Future studies should consider a three-way interaction between CD14 gene polymorphisms, microbial exposures and the age of exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Y. Z. Lau
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics; School of Population and Global Health; The University of Melbourne; Carlton Vic. Australia
| | - S. C. Dharmage
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics; School of Population and Global Health; The University of Melbourne; Carlton Vic. Australia
| | - J. A. Burgess
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics; School of Population and Global Health; The University of Melbourne; Carlton Vic. Australia
| | - A. J. Lowe
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics; School of Population and Global Health; The University of Melbourne; Carlton Vic. Australia
| | - C. J. Lodge
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics; School of Population and Global Health; The University of Melbourne; Carlton Vic. Australia
| | - B. Campbell
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics; School of Population and Global Health; The University of Melbourne; Carlton Vic. Australia
| | - M. C. Matheson
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics; School of Population and Global Health; The University of Melbourne; Carlton Vic. Australia
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Tassie E, Scotland G, Brittenden J, Cotton SC, Elders A, Campbell MK, Campbell B, Gough M, Burr JM, Ramsay CR. Cost-effectiveness of ultrasound-guided foam sclerotherapy, endovenous laser ablation or surgery as treatment for primary varicose veins from the randomized CLASS trial. Br J Surg 2014; 101:1532-40. [DOI: 10.1002/bjs.9595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2014] [Revised: 05/20/2014] [Accepted: 05/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background
The treatment of patients with varicose veins constitutes a considerable workload and financial burden to the National Health Service. This study aimed to assess the cost-effectiveness of ultrasound-guided foam sclerotherapy (UGFS) and endovenous laser ablation (EVLA) compared with conventional surgery as treatment for primary varicose veins.
Methods
Participant cost and utility data were collected alongside the UK CLASS multicentre randomized clinical trial, which compared EVLA, surgery and UGFS. Regression methods were used to estimate the effects of the alternative treatments on costs to the health service and quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs) at 6 months. A Markov model, incorporating available evidence on clinical recurrence rates, was developed to extrapolate the trial data over a 5-year time horizon.
Results
Compared with surgery at 6 months, UGFS and EVLA reduced mean costs to the health service by £655 and £160 respectively. When additional overhead costs associated with theatre use were included, these cost savings increased to £902 and £392 respectively. UGFS produced 0·005 fewer QALYs, whereas EVLA produced 0·011 additional QALYs. Extrapolating to 5 years, EVLA was associated with increased costs and QALYs compared with UGFS (costing £3640 per QALY gained), and generated a cost saving (£206–439) and QALY gain (0·078) compared with surgery. Applying a ceiling willingness-to-pay ratio of £20 000 per QALY gained, EVLA had the highest probability (78·7 per cent) of being cost-effective.
Conclusion
The results suggest, for patients considered eligible for all three treatment options, that EVLA has the highest probability of being cost-effective at accepted thresholds of willingness to pay per QALY.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Tassie
- Health Economics Research Unit, Aberdeen, UK
| | - G Scotland
- Health Economics Research Unit, Aberdeen, UK
- Health Services Research Unit, Aberdeen, UK
| | - J Brittenden
- Division of Applied Medicine, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - S C Cotton
- Health Services Research Unit, Aberdeen, UK
| | - A Elders
- Health Services Research Unit, Aberdeen, UK
| | | | - B Campbell
- Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital and University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK
| | - M Gough
- Vascular Surgery, Vascular Laboratory, St James's University Hospital, Leeds, UK
| | - J M Burr
- School of Medicine, Medical and Biological Sciences, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, UK
| | - C R Ramsay
- Health Services Research Unit, Aberdeen, UK
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44
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Abstract
Still inconclusive
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Affiliation(s)
- B Campbell
- Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital and University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter EX2 5DW, UK
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Kelly J, Barends R, Campbell B, Chen Y, Chen Z, Chiaro B, Dunsworth A, Fowler AG, Hoi IC, Jeffrey E, Megrant A, Mutus J, Neill C, O'Malley PJJ, Quintana C, Roushan P, Sank D, Vainsencher A, Wenner J, White TC, Cleland AN, Martinis JM. Optimal quantum control using randomized benchmarking. Phys Rev Lett 2014; 112:240504. [PMID: 24996075 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.112.240504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
We present a method for optimizing quantum control in experimental systems, using a subset of randomized benchmarking measurements to rapidly infer error. This is demonstrated to improve single- and two-qubit gates, minimize gate bleedthrough, where a gate mechanism can cause errors on subsequent gates, and identify control crosstalk in superconducting qubits. This method is able to correct parameters so that control errors no longer dominate and is suitable for automated and closed-loop optimization of experimental systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Kelly
- Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
| | - R Barends
- Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
| | - B Campbell
- Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
| | - Y Chen
- Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
| | - Z Chen
- Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
| | - B Chiaro
- Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
| | - A Dunsworth
- Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
| | - A G Fowler
- Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA and Centre for Quantum Computation and Communication Technology, School of Physics, The University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - I-C Hoi
- Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
| | - E Jeffrey
- Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
| | - A Megrant
- Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
| | - J Mutus
- Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
| | - C Neill
- Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
| | - P J J O'Malley
- Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
| | - C Quintana
- Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
| | - P Roushan
- Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
| | - D Sank
- Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
| | - A Vainsencher
- Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
| | - J Wenner
- Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
| | - T C White
- Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
| | - A N Cleland
- Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
| | - John M Martinis
- Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
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Barends R, Kelly J, Megrant A, Veitia A, Sank D, Jeffrey E, White TC, Mutus J, Fowler AG, Campbell B, Chen Y, Chen Z, Chiaro B, Dunsworth A, Neill C, O’Malley P, Roushan P, Vainsencher A, Wenner J, Korotkov AN, Cleland AN, Martinis JM. Superconducting quantum circuits at the surface code threshold for fault tolerance. Nature 2014; 508:500-3. [DOI: 10.1038/nature13171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1057] [Impact Index Per Article: 105.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2013] [Accepted: 02/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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47
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Ma H, Wright P, Allport L, Phan TG, Churilov L, Ly J, Zavala JA, Arakawa S, Campbell B, Davis SM, Donnan GA. Salvage of the PWI/DWI mismatch up to 48 h from stroke onset leads to favorable clinical outcome. Int J Stroke 2014; 10:565-70. [PMID: 24612428 DOI: 10.1111/ijs.12203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2013] [Accepted: 08/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE In acute ischemic stroke perfusion/diffusion-weighted image, mismatch using magnetic resonance imaging approximates the ischemic penumbra. For early time windows, mismatch salvage improves clinical outcomes, but uncertainty exists at later time epochs. We hypothesized that (a) mismatch may exist up to 48 h; (b) the proportion of mismatch salvage is time independent; and (c) when salvaged, it improves clinical outcomes. METHODS Magnetic resonance imaging was performed within 48 h of ischemic stroke. Perfusion-weighted image was defined by relative Tmax two-second delay. Perfusion/diffusion-weighted image mismatch was the perfusion-weighted image not overlapped by the diffusion-weighted image when coregistered. Infarct volume and disability (modified Rankin Score) were assessed at three-months. Mismatch salvage was the region not overlapped by final infarction. Favorable outcome was defined as modified Rankin Score 0-1. RESULTS Sixty-six patients were studied [mean age 69.9 years (standard deviation 13.1), initial median National Institute of Health Stroke Scale 9.0 (interquartile range 6.0, 18.3)]. There was no relationship between time of stroke onset and the proportion of mismatch salvaged (P = 0.73). Age (adjusted odds ratio = 0.92, 95% confidence interval 0.86-0.98, P = 0.01), initial National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (adjusted odds ratio = 0.80, 95% confidence interval 0.70-0.92, P < 0.01), mismatch volume (adjusted odds ratio = 0.98, 95% confidence interval 0.968-0.1, P = 0.05), and percentage of mismatch salvage (adjusted odds ratio = 1.04, 95% confidence interval 0.99-1.07, P = 0.05) were independently associated with favorable outcome. CONCLUSION Using coregistered perfusion/diffusion-weighted image criteria, mismatch persists up to 48 h post stroke. For the whole group, the proportion of mismatch salvage remains independent of time and, although the effect is small, its salvage is independently associated with improved clinical outcomes at three-months. Larger sample sizes are needed to determine the time limit for mismatch salvage.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Ma
- National Stroke Research Institute, Florey Neuroscience Institutes, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic, Australia.,Department of Medicine, Monash Medical Centre, Monash University, Melbourne, Vic, Australia
| | - P Wright
- National Stroke Research Institute, Florey Neuroscience Institutes, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic, Australia
| | - L Allport
- Department of Medicine, Melbourne Brain Centre, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Vic, Australia
| | - T G Phan
- Department of Medicine, Monash Medical Centre, Monash University, Melbourne, Vic, Australia
| | - L Churilov
- National Stroke Research Institute, Florey Neuroscience Institutes, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic, Australia
| | - J Ly
- Department of Medicine, Monash Medical Centre, Monash University, Melbourne, Vic, Australia
| | - J A Zavala
- National Stroke Research Institute, Florey Neuroscience Institutes, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic, Australia
| | - S Arakawa
- National Stroke Research Institute, Florey Neuroscience Institutes, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic, Australia
| | - B Campbell
- Department of Medicine, Melbourne Brain Centre, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Vic, Australia
| | - S M Davis
- Department of Medicine, Melbourne Brain Centre, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Vic, Australia
| | - G A Donnan
- National Stroke Research Institute, Florey Neuroscience Institutes, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic, Australia
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48
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Campbell B. Surgical aphorisms. Br J Surg 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/bjs.9442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Polanski LT, Barbosa MAP, Martins WP, Baumgarten MN, Campbell B, Brosens J, Quenby S, Raine-Fenning N. Interventions to improve reproductive outcomes in women with elevated natural killer cells undergoing assisted reproduction techniques: a systematic review of literature. Hum Reprod 2013; 29:65-75. [DOI: 10.1093/humrep/det414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
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50
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Abstract
A Christmas cracker
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Affiliation(s)
- B Campbell
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital and University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter EX2 5DW, UK.
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