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Cleven AJ, Renaud A, Larose-Pierre M, McQuade B, Griffin BL, Johnson C, Hughes JA. Associating Growth Mindset with Emotional Intelligence and Why It's Needed for Professional Identity Formation. Am J Pharm Educ 2023; 87:100110. [PMID: 37316137 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpe.2023.100110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Nurturing professional identity formation (PIF) is incumbent for the future of a pharmacist. The process of PIF incorporates norms, roles, and expectations of the profession into existing identities. This process can be particularly challenging when there are conflicting identities that provoke strong emotional experiences. Emotions are driven by beliefs and thoughts which serve as the catalyst for our reactions and behavior. Dealing with strong emotions can be uncomfortable, requiring proper regulation and management. Emotional intelligence and a growth mindset are fundamental traits that significantly influence a learner's ability to navigate the emotional complexities and thoughts associated with PIF. Although there is some evidence in the literature on the benefits of cultivating emotionally intelligent pharmacists there is a paucity of information on its association with growth mindset and PIF. Emotional intelligence and growth mindset are not mutually exclusive traits and development of both is needed for a learner's professional identity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita J Cleven
- Pacific University School of Pharmacy, Hillsboro, OR, USA.
| | - Amy Renaud
- Florida Agricultural & Mechanical University College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Public Health, Crestview, FL, USA
| | - Margareth Larose-Pierre
- Florida Agricultural & Mechanical University College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Public Health, Crestview, FL, USA
| | - Brianna McQuade
- University of Illinois at Chicago College of Pharmacy, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Brooke L Griffin
- Midwestern University College of Pharmacy, Downers Grove, IL, USA
| | | | - Jeremy A Hughes
- Chicago State University College of Pharmacy, Chicago, IL, USA
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Larose-Pierre M, Cleven AJ, Renaud A, Hughes JA, McQuade B, Griffin BL, Johnson C. Reevaluating Core Elements of Emotional Intelligence in Professional Identity Formation for Inclusion in Pharmacy Education. Am J Pharm Educ 2023; 87:100082. [PMID: 37316129 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpe.2023.100082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2022] [Revised: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The objectives of this review are to (1) analyze the core concepts of emotional intelligence self-perception, self-expression, interpersonal relationships, decision-making skills, and stress management and their role in professional identity formation, and (2) investigate the methods and strategies to incorporate emotional intelligence in pharmacy education. FINDINGS A literature review of emotional intelligence in health care education was conducted by searching the electronic databases PubMed, Google Scholar, ProQuest, and ERIC. The following search terms were included: emotional intelligence, emotional quotient, in association with professional identity formation, pharmacy curriculum, pharmacy cocurriculum, entrustable professional activities, medicine, and nursing. Only full-length, free-access, English-text articles were included. Twenty articles addressed the inclusion and/or assessment of core elements of emotional intelligence in pharmacy education. Commonly taught, cultivated, and assessed core elements include self-awareness, empathy, and interdisciplinary relationships. Assessment tools used to evaluate emotional intelligence in pharmacy education are subjective, qualitative, and semiquantitative, and may include pre and postcourse surveys, event surveys, and questionnaires. SUMMARY The pharmacy literature is scarce on how best to analyze emotional intelligence and the role it plays in the pharmacist's education and practice. A comprehensive integration of emotional intelligence into the pharmacy curriculum is a challenging task and requires additional in-depth discussions on how best to incorporate it in the pharmacist's professional identity formation. The Academy will benefit from re-engaging its constituents in addressing the gaps of emotional intelligence in the professional curriculum in preparation for the Accreditation Council for Pharmacy Education 2025 standards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margareth Larose-Pierre
- Florida Agricultural and Mechanical University College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Public Health, Durell Peaden Jr. Rural Education Campus, Crestview, FL, USA
| | - Anita J Cleven
- Pacific University School of Pharmacy, Hillsboro, OR, USA
| | - Amy Renaud
- Florida Agricultural and Mechanical University College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Public Health, Durell Peaden Jr. Rural Education Campus, Crestview, FL, USA.
| | - Jeremy A Hughes
- Chicago State University College of Pharmacy, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Brianna McQuade
- University of Illinois Chicago College of Pharmacy, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Brooke L Griffin
- Midwestern University College of Pharmacy, Downers Grove Campus, Downers Grove, IL, USA
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Vernon V, Patel J, Cieri-Hutcherson NE, Arellano R, Elmore H, Griffin BL, Mitzel K, Moyeno WM, O'Connell MB, Pelaccio K, Lodise NM. The impact of COVID-19 on select considerations in patients of reproductive age: Brief talking points for pharmacists. J Am Pharm Assoc (2003) 2023; 63:720-724. [PMID: 36775738 PMCID: PMC9831663 DOI: 10.1016/j.japh.2023.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has elicited many health concerns, including the impact of the infection and vaccine on reproductive health. Although robust evidence demonstrates the safety of all available COVID-19 vaccines, misinformation and disinformation related to the vaccine continue to circulate. As accessible and essential health care workers, it is crucial that pharmacists are informed of the evidence related to effects of the COVID-19 infection and vaccinations on reproductive health care. Menstrual cycle changes have been noted owing to COVID-19 infection, pandemic stress, and COVID-19 vaccination. COVID-19 infection and vaccination have not been shown to influence female fertility, pregnancy rates, and lactation. The use of exogenous estrogen may further contribute to an increased risk of thromboembolism with COVID-19 infection, and differences in the risk of cerebral venous sinus thrombosis appear to exist between the types of vaccines. The benefits of COVID-19 vaccination outweigh any risks. Shared decision-making is necessary when discussing vaccination with patients. Pharmacists play a vital role in dispelling misinformation and disinformation related to the impact of COVID-19 illness and vaccination on reproductive health care.
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Griffin BL, Bolch CA, Bourjeily G, Madsen TE, Hasnain M, McGregor AJ, Merhi BO, Pratt-Chapman ML, Romano M, Trott J, Tong I. Hypertension: Are Current Guidelines Inclusive of Sex and Gender? J Womens Health (Larchmt) 2022; 31:1391-1396. [PMID: 36178463 PMCID: PMC9836675 DOI: 10.1089/jwh.2022.0103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Hypertension (HTN) accounts for one in five deaths of American women. Major societies worldwide aim to make evidence-based recommendations for HTN management. Sex- or gender-based differences exist in epidemiology and management of HTN; in this study, we aimed to assess sex- and gender-based language in major society guidelines. Materials and Methods: We reviewed HTN guidelines from four societies: the American College of Cardiology (ACC), the American College of Emergency Physicians (ACEP), the European Society of Cardiology (ESC), and the Eighth Joint National Committee (JNC8). We quantified the sex- and gender-based medicine (SGBM) content by word count in each guideline as well as identified the gender of guideline authors. Results: Two of the four HTN guidelines (ACC, ESC) included SGBM content. Of these two guidelines, there were variations in the quantity and depth of content coverage. Pregnancy had the highest word count found in both guidelines (422 words in ACC and 1,523 words in ESC), which represented 2.45% and 3.04% of the total words in each guideline, respectively. There was minimal coverage, if any, of any other life periods. The number of women authors did not impact the SGBM content within a given guideline. Conclusions: Current HTN management guidelines do not provide optimal guidance on sex- and gender-based differences. Inclusion of sex, gender identity, hormone therapy, pregnancy and lactation status, menopause, and advanced age in future research will be critical to bridge the current evidence gap. Guideline writing committees should include diverse perspectives, including cisgender and transgender persons from diverse racial and ethnic backgrounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brooke L. Griffin
- Midwestern University Chicago College of Pharmacy, Downers Grove, Illinois, USA
| | - Charlotte A. Bolch
- Midwestern University Chicago College of Pharmacy, Downers Grove, Illinois, USA
| | - Ghada Bourjeily
- Department of Medicine, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
- The Miriam Hospital, Women's Medicine Collaborative, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Tracy E. Madsen
- Department of Medicine, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Memoona Hasnain
- University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Alyson J. McGregor
- Department of Medicine, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Basma O. Merhi
- Department of Medicine, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Mandi L. Pratt-Chapman
- The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Science, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Mary Romano
- Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Justina Trott
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - Iris Tong
- Department of Medicine, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
- The Miriam Hospital, Women's Medicine Collaborative, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
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Stone RH, Cieri-Hutcherson NE, Vernon V, Arellano R, Mospan C, Harris JB, Barnes KN, Griffin BL, Lodise NM, Patel J, Rafie S, Vest K. Curricular Considerations for Preparing Student Pharmacists to Prescribe Hormonal Contraception. Am J Pharm Educ 2022; 86:8667. [PMID: 34385172 PMCID: PMC10159422 DOI: 10.5688/ajpe8667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
In 2014, the pharmacist's role in the United States expanded to include prescribing hormonal contraception, and this practice is currently addressed by policy in 14 states and the District of Columbia. Training and education requirements for this expanded scope of practice vary between states and are changing rapidly. The objective of this review is to examine how student pharmacists are taught to provide contraceptive care, specifically for prescribing ongoing hormonal contraception and emergency contraception, and to identify potential gaps in the United States pharmacy curricula related to contraception. Despite steady adoption into community pharmacy practice, there is sparse literature assessing educational methods used to teach contraceptive care. This review offers recommendations to promote consistent and comprehensive student pharmacist education in providing contraceptive care across institutions, regardless of state policy status.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Veronica Vernon
- Butler University, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Regina Arellano
- Midwestern University, College of Pharmacy - Downers Grove, Downers Grove, Illinois
| | - Cortney Mospan
- Wingate University, School of Pharmacy, Wingate, North Carolina
| | | | - Kylie N Barnes
- University of Missouri - Kansas City, School of Pharmacy, Kansas City, Missouri
| | - Brooke L Griffin
- Midwestern University, College of Pharmacy - Downers Grove, Downers Grove, Illinois
| | - Nicole M Lodise
- Albany College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Albany, New York
| | - Jaini Patel
- Midwestern University, College of Pharmacy - Downers Grove, Downers Grove, Illinois
| | - Sally Rafie
- University of California San Diego Health, San Diego, California
| | - Kathleen Vest
- Midwestern University, College of Pharmacy - Downers Grove, Downers Grove, Illinois
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Chappell BT, Griffin BL, Howard B. Mechanisms of action of currently available woman-controlled, vaginally administered, non-hormonal contraceptive products. Ther Adv Reprod Health 2022; 16:26334941221107120. [PMID: 35832437 PMCID: PMC9272165 DOI: 10.1177/26334941221107120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Woman-controlled, vaginally administered contraceptives offer women discreet, self-administered, and reversible options. This brief report summarizes the mechanisms of action (MOAs) of currently available, woman-controlled, vaginally administered, non-hormonal products, excluding those that need to be fitted by a healthcare provider. MOAs of three general types of contraceptives will be reviewed, including pH modulators, spermicides, and barrier methods. The recently approved vaginal pH modulator (lactic acid, citric acid, and potassium bitartrate) has a non-hormonal MOA, acting as a buffering agent in the presence of alkaline semen and resulting in sperm immobilization. In contrast, spermicides, such as nonoxynol-9, act by lysing sperm membranes, resulting in sperm death. Barrier methods, such as the diaphragm and female condom, prevent sperm from entering the uterus. In addition to their varying MOAs, each woman-controlled, vaginally administered method has different instructions for use, efficacy, side effects, and availability/insurance coverage, thus providing a range of characteristics to fit different needs and preferences.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Brooke L. Griffin
- College of Pharmacy, Downers Grove Campus (CPDG), Midwestern University, Downers Grove, IL, USA
| | - Brandon Howard
- Consultant, Evofem Biosciences, Inc., 12400 High Bluff Drive, Suite 600, San Diego, CA 92130, USA
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Heraty E, Griffin BL, Vest KM. Faculty insights regarding incorporation of gender- and sex-related differences in the PharmD curriculum: Phase 2. Curr Pharm Teach Learn 2019; 11:1167-1171. [PMID: 31783964 DOI: 10.1016/j.cptl.2019.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Revised: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND While pharmacists should be aware of gender and sex-related differences in treatment related decisions, this is not a required doctor of pharmacy curricular component. A regional pilot study demonstrated that approximately half of pharmacy practice faculty discussed these differences in their content area. The aim of this study was to evaluate the extent of inclusion of gender and sex-related differences on a national level in doctor of pharmacy curricula and to determine if faculty are comfortable teaching the topic. METHODS An electronic message with a link to an online survey was distributed to 7250 faculty members at 139 colleges of pharmacy. The survey remained open for three weeks and potential participants received weekly email reminders. The survey was voluntary, and responses were de-identified. RESULTS Overall, 641 faculty participated in the survey (8.8% response rate). Most respondents indicated that they do not teach about gender or sex-related differences (54.9%). Of those faculty reporting teaching gender and/or sex-related differences, 28% indicated that it was addressed in one clinical topic, while some (7.7%) indicated that the content was included in up to five topics. Half of faculty (53.6%) indicated that they believe this topic is somewhat important. CONCLUSIONS Results of this study suggest that gender and sex-related differences are not adequately addressed in current pharmacy curricula.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin Heraty
- Midwestern University Chicago College of Pharmacy, 555 31st Street, Downers Grove, IL 60515, United States.
| | - Brooke L Griffin
- Midwestern University Chicago College of Pharmacy, 555 31st Street, Downers Grove, IL 60515, United States.
| | - Kathleen M Vest
- Midwestern University Chicago College of Pharmacy, 555 31st Street, Downers Grove, IL 60515, United States.
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Nisar R, Griffin BL, Vest KM, Tran TH, Nikolaides JK. Opioid Misuse in Older Women. J Am Geriatr Soc 2019; 67:1753-1754. [DOI: 10.1111/jgs.15965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Accepted: 04/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ramsha Nisar
- Midwestern University Chicago College of Pharmacy Downers Grove Illinois
| | - Brooke L. Griffin
- Midwestern University Chicago College of Pharmacy Downers Grove Illinois
| | - Kathleen M. Vest
- Midwestern University Chicago College of Pharmacy Downers Grove Illinois
| | - Tran H. Tran
- Midwestern University Chicago College of Pharmacy Downers Grove Illinois
- Rush University Medical Center Chicago Illinois
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9
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Griffin BL, Stone RH, El-Ibiary SY, Westberg S, Shealy K, Forinash A, Yancey A, Vest K, Karaoui LR, Rafie S, Horlen C, Lodise N, Cieri-Hutcherson N, McBane S, Simonyan A. Guide for Drug Selection During Pregnancy and Lactation: What Pharmacists Need to Know for Current Practice. Ann Pharmacother 2018. [PMID: 29519141 DOI: 10.1177/1060028018764447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To provide guidance for clinicians on risk assessment of medication use during pregnancy and lactation. DATA SOURCES Authors completed PubMed searches to identify articles focused on the use of medications in pregnancy, including fetal development, drug transfer across the placenta, trimester exposure, chronic conditions in pregnancy, medications in lactation, and lactation and chronic disease. STUDY SELECTION AND DATA EXTRACTION Articles were reviewed to provide overall guidance to medication selection during pregnancy. The following information was reviewed: medication use in pregnancy, including fetal development, drug transfer across the placenta, trimester exposure, chronic conditions in pregnancy, medications in lactation, and lactation and chronic disease. DATA SYNTHESIS This article will provide an overview of medication safety considerations during pregnancy and lactation. Information was interpreted to help clinicians predict the potential risk and benefit in each patient to make an evidence-based decision. The article concludes with guidance on risk assessment and how pharmacists may support fellow health care providers and their patients when considering medication use. CONCLUSIONS Information about the effects of medication use during reproductive periods is limited. With the removal of the Food and Drug Administration pregnancy categories, clinicians will be relying on pharmacists to aid in the appropriate selection of therapies for patients. It is critical that pharmacists keep abreast of resources available and be able to assess data to help prescribers and their patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Sally Rafie
- 8 University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Cheryl Horlen
- 9 University of the Incarnate Word, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Nicole Lodise
- 10 Albany College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Albany, NY, USA
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10
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Lynch SE, Griffin BL, Vest KM. Assessment of a simulated contraceptive prescribing activity for pharmacy students. Curr Pharm Teach Learn 2018; 10:178-184. [PMID: 29706273 DOI: 10.1016/j.cptl.2017.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Revised: 07/03/2017] [Accepted: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The role of the pharmacist has been shifting rapidly. One example of change is the passage of legislation allowing pharmacists to independently initiate self-administered hormonal contraceptives in several states. There is no evidence of this specific topic being covered in pharmacy school curricula, and many states are requiring additional post-graduate training. This activity was designed to determine the utility of a contraceptive prescribing simulation activity for pharmacy students. EDUCATIONAL ACTIVITY AND SETTING Pharmacy students enrolled in a women's health elective learned about relevant state legislation and attended a clinical skills center simulation activity where they utilized an available prescribing algorithm. Students completed two scenarios and received grades based on their clinical decision-making and patient interaction skills. An electronic survey was distributed post-activity to assess student satisfaction and confidence when prescribing contraceptives. Responses and grades on the assignment were analyzed to determine the activity's utility. FINDINGS Students finished with median scores of 15, 14.8, and 14.5 out of 15 possible points for the three scenarios. Students reported overall satisfaction with the activity, with general agreement that the activity was realistic and made them feel like they were prepared to prescribe contraceptives. SUMMARY Independently initiating contraceptives is a novel practice area for pharmacists. This activity introduced students to the process of prescribing using realistic forms and scenarios. The utility of the activity was twofold - it introduced students to the changing environment of pharmacy practice and allowed students to apply their knowledge of contraceptives and women's health. Students performed well on the activity and reported high levels of satisfaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E Lynch
- Binghamton University School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, PO Box 6000, Binghamton, NY 13905, United States.
| | - Brooke L Griffin
- Midwestern University Chicago College of Pharmacy, 555 31st Street, Downers Grove, IL 60515, United States.
| | - Kathleen M Vest
- Midwestern University Chicago College of Pharmacy, 555 31st Street, Downers Grove, IL 60515, United States.
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Tran TH, Griffin BL, Stone RH, Vest KM, Todd TJ. Methadone, Buprenorphine, and Naltrexone for the Treatment of Opioid Use Disorder in Pregnant Women. Pharmacotherapy 2017; 37:824-839. [PMID: 28543191 DOI: 10.1002/phar.1958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Pregnant women with opioid use disorder can be treated with methadone, buprenorphine, or naltrexone to reduce opioid use and improve retention to treatment. In this review, we compare the pregnancy outcomes of methadone, buprenorphine, and naltrexone in clinical trials and discuss the potential behavioral and developmental effects of these agents seen in offspring in animal studies. Important clinical considerations in the management of opioid use disorder in pregnant women and their infants are also discussed. Outside of pregnancy, buprenorphine is used in combination with naloxone to reduce opioid abuse and diversion. During pregnancy, however, the use of buprenorphine as a single agent is preferred to prevent prenatal naloxone exposure. Both methadone and buprenorphine are widely used to treat opioid use disorder; however, compared with methadone, buprenorphine is associated with shorter treatment duration, less medication needed to treat neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS) symptoms, and shorter hospitalizations for neonates. Despite being the standard of care, medication-assisted treatment with methadone or buprenorphine is still underused, making it apparent that more options are necessary. Naltrexone is not a first-line treatment primarily because both detoxification and an opioid-free period are required. More research is needed to determine naltrexone safety and benefits in pregnant women. Animal studies suggest that changes in pain sensitivity, developmental processes, and behavioral responses may occur in children born to mothers receiving methadone, buprenorphine, or naltrexone and is an area that warrants future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tran H Tran
- Pharmacy Practice, Midwestern University Chicago College of Pharmacy, Downers Grove, Illinois
| | - Brooke L Griffin
- Pharmacy Practice, Midwestern University Chicago College of Pharmacy, Downers Grove, Illinois
| | - Rebecca H Stone
- Pharmacy Practice, University of Georgia College of Pharmacy, Athens, Georgia
| | - Kathleen M Vest
- Pharmacy Practice, Midwestern University Chicago College of Pharmacy, Downers Grove, Illinois
| | - Timothy J Todd
- Pharmacy Practice, Midwestern University Chicago College of Pharmacy, Downers Grove, Illinois
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12
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Rafie S, McIntosh J, Shealy KM, Borgelt LM, Forinash A, Shrader SP, Koepf ER, McClendon KS, Griffin BL, Horlen C, Karaoui LR, Rowe EL, Lodise NM, Wigle PR. Roles of the pharmacist in the use of safe and highly effective long-acting reversible contraception: an opinion of the women's health practice and research network of the American College of Clinical Pharmacy. Pharmacotherapy 2014; 34:991-9. [PMID: 24989020 DOI: 10.1002/phar.1457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The U.S. population continues to experience an alarmingly high rate of unintended pregnancies that have an impact on individual families and society alike. Lack of effective contraception accounts for most unintended pregnancies, along with incorrect use of contraceptives. The most common reversible contraceptive method used in the United States is the oral contraceptive pill, which has significant failure and discontinuation rates. Use of long-acting reversible contraceptive (LARC) methods has been increasing in recent years after efforts to educate providers and patients. Women are more likely to use LARC methods when barriers such as access and cost are removed. An uptake in the use of LARC methods would allow for markedly reduced contraception failure rates and higher user satisfaction and thus higher continuation rates than those seen with current contraception use. Promoting the use of LARC methods is an important strategy in improving both individual and public health outcomes by reducing unintended pregnancies. The pharmacist's role in family planning is expanding and can contribute to these efforts. Although knowledge regarding LARC has not been studied among pharmacists, a knowledge deficit exists among health care professionals in general. Thus pharmacist education and training should include LARC methods along with other contraceptives. The American College of Clinical Pharmacy Women's Health Practice and Research Network advocates for the pharmacist's role in the use of safe and highly effective LARC methods. These roles include educating patients, informing providers, facilitating access by providing referrals, and modifying institutional procedures to encourage provision of LARC methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sally Rafie
- Department of Pharmacy, University of California San Diego Health System, San Diego, California
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13
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Ryzner KL, Burkiewicz JS, Griffin BL, Komperda KE. Survey of bisphosphonate regimen preferences in an urban community health center. Consult Pharm 2010; 25:671-675. [PMID: 21030357 DOI: 10.4140/tcp.n.2010.671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE to determine patient preference for bisphosphonate therapy based on dosage form and dosing schedule. DESIGN prospective telephone survey. SETTING urban community health center. PATIENTS, PARTICIPANTS all patients who were seen in the osteoporosis clinic during the 22-month time period were contacted. Patients were excluded if they could not complete the survey in English, had difficulty hearing, had cognitive impairment, or were unable to be reached by telephone. INTERVENTIONS patients were asked which route and frequency of bisphosphonate therapy was preferred, convenient, and easiest to remember. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) patient-reported preference for route and frequency of bisphosphonate administration. RESULTS ninety patients were included in the final analysis. Preference for bisphosphonate therapy illustrated that equal numbers of respondents preferred either once-monthly or once-yearly regimens (24.4% for each, n = 22). One-third of respondents (n = 30) indicated that a once-yearly infusion was the most convenient method of administration. The survey revealed no strong association of which regimen was easiest to remember. CONCLUSION the majority of patients preferred once-monthly or less frequent dosing schedules. Clinicians may consider discussing patient preferences during initiation and throughout therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristi L Ryzner
- Department of Pharmacy, Boston Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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14
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Burkiewicz JS, Griffin BL, Komperda KE. Bisphosphonates in renal insufficiency: comparison of estimated glomerular filtration rate methods. J Am Geriatr Soc 2010; 57:2351-3. [PMID: 20169629 DOI: 10.1111/j.1532-5415.2009.02593.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Griffin BL, Burkiewicz JS, Peppers LR, Warholak TL. International Normalized Ratio values in group versus individual appointments in a pharmacist-managed anticoagulation clinic. Am J Health Syst Pharm 2009; 66:1218-23. [DOI: 10.2146/ajhp080278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jill S. Burkiewicz
- Pharmacy Practice, Chicago College of Pharmacy, Midwestern University, Downers Grove, IL
| | | | - Terri L. Warholak
- Pharmacy Practice and Science, College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tucson
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