1
|
Di Florio A, Putnam K, Altemus M, Apter G, Bergink V, Bilszta J, Brock R, Buist A, Deligiannidis KM, Devouche E, Epperson CN, Guille C, Kim D, Lichtenstein P, Magnusson PKE, Martinez P, Munk-Olsen T, Newport J, Payne J, Penninx BW, O’Hara M, Robertson-Blackmore E, Roza SJ, Sharkey KM, Stuart S, Tiemeier H, Viktorin A, Schmidt PJ, Sullivan PF, Stowe ZN, Wisner KL, Jones I, Rubinow DR, Meltzer-Brody S. The impact of education, country, race and ethnicity on the self-report of postpartum depression using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale. Psychol Med 2017; 47:787-799. [PMID: 27866476 PMCID: PMC5369767 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291716002087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Universal screening for postpartum depression is recommended in many countries. Knowledge of whether the disclosure of depressive symptoms in the postpartum period differs across cultures could improve detection and provide new insights into the pathogenesis. Moreover, it is a necessary step to evaluate the universal use of screening instruments in research and clinical practice. In the current study we sought to assess whether the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS), the most widely used screening tool for postpartum depression, measures the same underlying construct across cultural groups in a large international dataset. METHOD Ordinal regression and measurement invariance were used to explore the association between culture, operationalized as education, ethnicity/race and continent, and endorsement of depressive symptoms using the EPDS on 8209 new mothers from Europe and the USA. RESULTS Education, but not ethnicity/race, influenced the reporting of postpartum depression [difference between robust comparative fit indexes (∆*CFI) 0.01), but not between European countries (∆*CFI < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS Investigators and clinicians should be aware of the potential differences in expression of phenotype of postpartum depression that women of different educational backgrounds may manifest. The increasing cultural heterogeneity of societies together with the tendency towards globalization requires a culturally sensitive approach to patients, research and policies, that takes into account, beyond rhetoric, the context of a person's experiences and the context in which the research is conducted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A. Di Florio
- Department of Psychiatry, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Institute of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neuroscience, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, UK
| | - K. Putnam
- Department of Psychiatry, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - M. Altemus
- Department of Psychiatry, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - G. Apter
- Erasme Hospital, Paris Diderot University, Paris, France
| | - V. Bergink
- Department of Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Economics and Business, National Centre for Integrated Register-based Research, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - J. Bilszta
- Women’s Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - R. Brock
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - A. Buist
- Women’s Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - K. M. Deligiannidis
- Departments of Psychiatry and Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hofstra Northwell School of Medicine, Glen Oaks, NY, USA
| | - E. Devouche
- Erasme Hospital, Paris Descartes University, Paris, France
| | - C. N. Epperson
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - C. Guille
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - D. Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - P. Lichtenstein
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - P. K. E. Magnusson
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - P. Martinez
- Behavioral Endocrinology Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - T. Munk-Olsen
- Department of Economics and Business, National Centre for Integrated Register-based Research, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - J. Newport
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - J. Payne
- Department of Psychiatry, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - B. W. Penninx
- Department of Psychiatry, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - M. O’Hara
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | | | - S. J. Roza
- Department of Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - K. M. Sharkey
- Department of Psychiatry, Alpert Medical School of Brown University/Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
| | - S. Stuart
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - H. Tiemeier
- Department of Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - A. Viktorin
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - P. J. Schmidt
- Behavioral Endocrinology Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - P. F. Sullivan
- Department of Psychiatry, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Z. N. Stowe
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - K. L. Wisner
- Asher Center for the Study and Treatment of Depressive Disorders, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - I. Jones
- Institute of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neuroscience, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, UK
| | - D. R. Rubinow
- Department of Psychiatry, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - S. Meltzer-Brody
- Department of Psychiatry, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|