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Caughlin K, Duran-Sierra E, Cheng S, Cuenca R, Ahmed B, Ji J, Martinez M, Al-Khalil M, Al-Enazi H, Cheng YSL, Wright J, Jo JA, Busso C. Aligning Small Datasets using Domain Adversarial Learning: Applications in Automated In Vivo Oral Cancer Diagnosis. IEEE J Biomed Health Inform 2022; 27:457-468. [PMID: 36279347 PMCID: PMC10079633 DOI: 10.1109/jbhi.2022.3217015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Deep learning approaches for medical image analysis are limited by small data set size due to factors such as patient privacy and difficulties in obtaining expert labelling for each image. In medical imaging system development pipelines, phases for system development and classification algorithms often overlap with data collection, creating small disjoint data sets collected at numerous locations with differing protocols. In this setting, merging data from different data collection centers increases the amount of training data. However, a direct combination of datasets will likely fail due to domain shifts between imaging centers. In contrast to previous approaches that focus on a single data set, we add a domain adaptation module to a neural network and train using multiple data sets. Our approach encourages domain invariance between two multispectral autofluorescence imaging (maFLIM) data sets of in vivo oral lesions collected with an imaging system currently in development. The two data sets have differences in the sub-populations imaged and in the calibration procedures used during data collection. We mitigate these differences using a gradient reversal layer and domain classifier. Our final model trained with two data sets substantially increases performance, including a significant increase in specificity. We also achieve a significant increase in average performance over the best baseline model train with two domains (p = 0.0341). Our approach lays the foundation for faster development of computer-aided diagnostic systems and presents a feasible approach for creating a robust classifier that aligns images from multiple data centers in the presence of domain shifts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kayla Caughlin
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA
| | - Elvis Duran-Sierra
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Shuna Cheng
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Rodrigo Cuenca
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA
| | - Beena Ahmed
- School of Electrical Engineering and Telecommunications, University of New South Wales, New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Jim Ji
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Texas A&M University at Qatar, Doha, Qatar
| | - Mathias Martinez
- Department of Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Moustafa Al-Khalil
- Department of Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Hussain Al-Enazi
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | | | - John Wright
- College of Dentistry, Texas A&M University, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Javier A. Jo
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA
| | - Carlos Busso
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA
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Caughlin K, Duran-Sierra E, Cheng S, Cuenca R, Ahmed B, Ji J, Yakovlev VV, Martinez M, Al-Khalil M, Al-Enazi H, Jo JA, Busso C. End-to-End Neural Network for Feature Extraction and Cancer Diagnosis of In Vivo Fluorescence Lifetime Images of Oral Lesions. Annu Int Conf IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc 2021; 2021:3894-3897. [PMID: 34892083 DOI: 10.1109/embc46164.2021.9629739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
In contrast to previous studies that focused on classical machine learning algorithms and hand-crafted features, we present an end-to-end neural network classification method able to accommodate lesion heterogeneity for improved oral cancer diagnosis using multispectral autofluorescence lifetime imaging (maFLIM) endoscopy. Our method uses an autoencoder framework jointly trained with a classifier designed to handle overfitting problems with reduced databases, which is often the case in healthcare applications. The autoencoder guides the feature extraction process through the reconstruction loss and enables the potential use of unsupervised data for domain adaptation and improved generalization. The classifier ensures the features extracted are task-specific, providing discriminative information for the classification task. The data-driven feature extraction method automatically generates task-specific features directly from fluorescence decays, eliminating the need for iterative signal reconstruction. We validate our proposed neural network method against support vector machine (SVM) baselines, with our method showing a 6.5%-8.3% increase in sensitivity. Our results show that neural networks that implement data-driven feature extraction provide superior results and enable the capacity needed to target specific issues, such as inter-patient variability and the heterogeneity of oral lesions.Clinical relevance- We improve standard classification algorithms for in vivo diagnosis of oral cancer lesions from maFLIm for clinical use in cancer screening, reducing unnecessary biopsies and facilitating early detection of oral cancer.
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Fulford D, Mote J, Gonzalez R, Abplanalp S, Zhang Y, Luckenbaugh J, Onnela JP, Busso C, Gard DE. Smartphone sensing of social interactions in people with and without schizophrenia. J Psychiatr Res 2021; 137:613-620. [PMID: 33190842 PMCID: PMC8084875 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2020.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Social impairment is a cardinal feature of schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SZ). Smaller social network size, diminished social skills, and loneliness are highly prevalent. Existing, gold-standard assessments of social impairment in SZ often rely on self-reported information that depends on retrospective recall and detailed accounts of complex social behaviors. This is particularly problematic in people with SZ given characteristic cognitive impairments and reduced insight. Ecological Momentary Assessment (EMA; repeated self-reports completed in the context of daily life) allows for the measurement of social behavior as it occurs in vivo, yet still relies on participant input. Momentary characterization of behavior using smartphone sensors (e.g., GPS, microphone) may also provide ecologically valid indicators of social functioning. In the current study we tested associations between both active (e.g., EMA-reported number of interactions) and passive (GPS-based mobility, conversations captured by microphone) smartphone-based measures of social activity and measures of social functioning and loneliness to examine the promise of such measures for understanding social impairment in SZ. Our results indicate that passive markers of mobility were more consistently associated with EMA measures of social behavior in controls than in people with SZ. Furthermore, dispositional loneliness showed associations with mobility metrics in both groups, while general social functioning was less related to these metrics. Finally, interactions detected in the ambient audio were more tied to social functioning in SZ than in controls. Findings speak to the promise of smartphone-based digital phenotyping as an approach to understanding objective markers of social activity in people with and without schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Fulford
- Sargent College of Health & Rehabilitation Sciences, Boston University, USA; Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, Boston University, USA.
| | - Jasmine Mote
- Sargent College of Health & Rehabilitation Sciences, Boston University, USA
| | - Rachel Gonzalez
- Department of Psychology, San Francisco State University, USA
| | - Samuel Abplanalp
- Sargent College of Health & Rehabilitation Sciences, Boston University, USA
| | - Yuting Zhang
- Department of Computer Science, Metropolitan College, Boston University, USA
| | - Jarrod Luckenbaugh
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of Texas at Dallas, USA
| | - Jukka-Pekka Onnela
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, USA
| | - Carlos Busso
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of Texas at Dallas, USA
| | - David E Gard
- Department of Psychology, San Francisco State University, USA
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Dal Fior S, Gaido C, Carnino I, Gamna F, Busso C, Massazza G, Minetto MA. Clinical predictors of response to ozone therapy for treatment of discogenic and non-discogenic low back pain. J BIOL REG HOMEOS AG 2020; 34:1223-1228. [PMID: 32672028 DOI: 10.23812/19-564-l-36] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S Dal Fior
- Division of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, San Luigi Hospital, Orbassano, Italy
| | - C Gaido
- Division of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, San Luigi Hospital, Orbassano, Italy
| | - I Carnino
- Division of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, San Luigi Hospital, Orbassano, Italy
| | - F Gamna
- Division of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, San Luigi Hospital, Orbassano, Italy
| | - C Busso
- Division of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - G Massazza
- Division of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - M A Minetto
- Division of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
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Cardillo DS, Busso C, Ambrosino M, Ithurrart L, Torres Y, Palomo R. Plant Species Richness and Developmental Morphology Stage Influence Mycorrhizal Patagonia Plants Root Colonization. RUSS J ECOL+ 2018. [DOI: 10.1134/s106741361805003x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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De Simone A, Spahr A, Busso C, Gönczy P. Uncovering the balance of forces driving microtubule aster migration in C. elegans zygotes. Nat Commun 2018; 9:938. [PMID: 29507295 PMCID: PMC5838244 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-03118-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2017] [Accepted: 01/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Microtubule asters must be positioned precisely within cells. How forces generated by molecular motors such as dynein are integrated in space and time to enable such positioning remains unclear. In particular, whereas aster movements depend on the drag caused by cytoplasm viscosity, in vivo drag measurements are lacking, precluding a thorough understanding of the mechanisms governing aster positioning. Here, we investigate this fundamental question during the migration of asters and pronuclei in C. elegans zygotes, a process essential for the mixing of parental genomes. Detailed quantification of these movements using the female pronucleus as an in vivo probe establish that the drag coefficient of the male-asters complex is approximately five times that of the female pronucleus. Further analysis of embryos lacking cortical dynein, the connection between asters and male pronucleus, or the male pronucleus altogether, uncovers the balance of dynein-driven forces that accurately position microtubule asters in C. elegans zygotes. Microtubule asters are positioned precisely within cells by forces generated by molecular motors, but it is unclear how these are integrated in space and time. Here the authors perform in vivo drag measurements and genetic manipulations to determine the balance of forces that position microtubule asters in C. elegans zygotes.
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Affiliation(s)
- A De Simone
- Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research (ISREC), School of Life Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne (EPFL), 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Department of Cell Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - A Spahr
- Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research (ISREC), School of Life Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne (EPFL), 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - C Busso
- Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research (ISREC), School of Life Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne (EPFL), 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - P Gönczy
- Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research (ISREC), School of Life Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne (EPFL), 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland.
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Metallinou A, Yang Z, Lee CC, Busso C, Carnicke S, Narayanan S. The USC CreativeIT database of multimodal dyadic interactions: from speech and full body motion capture to continuous emotional annotations. LANG RESOUR EVAL 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s10579-015-9300-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Busso C, Bulut M, Lee CC, Kazemzadeh A, Mower E, Kim S, Chang JN, Lee S, Narayanan SS. IEMOCAP: interactive emotional dyadic motion capture database. LANG RESOUR EVAL 2008. [DOI: 10.1007/s10579-008-9076-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1002] [Impact Index Per Article: 62.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Zaky A, Busso C, Izumi T, Chattopadhyay R, Bassiouny A, Mitra S, Bhakat KK. Regulation of the human AP-endonuclease (APE1/Ref-1) expression by the tumor suppressor p53 in response to DNA damage. Nucleic Acids Res 2008; 36:1555-66. [PMID: 18208837 PMCID: PMC2275136 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkm1173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The human AP-endonuclease (APE1/Ref-1), an essential multifunctional protein, plays a central role in the repair of oxidative base damage via the DNA base excision repair (BER) pathway. The mammalian AP-endonuclease (APE1) overexpression is often observed in tumor cells, and confers resistance to various anticancer drugs; its downregulation sensitizes tumor cells to those agents via induction of apoptosis. Here we show that wild type (WT) but not mutant p53 negatively regulates APE1 expression. Time-dependent decrease was observed in APE1 mRNA and protein levels in the human colorectal cancer line HCT116 p53(+/+), but not in the isogenic p53 null mutant after treatment with camptothecin, a DNA topoisomerase I inhibitor. Furthermore, ectopic expression of WTp53 in the p53 null cells significantly reduced both endogenous APE1 and APE1 promoter-dependent luciferase expression in a dose-dependent fashion. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assays revealed that endogenous p53 is bound to the APE1 promoter region that includes a Sp1 site. We show here that WTp53 interferes with Sp1 binding to the APE1 promoter, which provides a mechanism for the downregulation of APE1. Taken together, our results demonstrate that WTp53 is a negative regulator of APE1 expression, so that repression of APE1 by p53 could provide an additional pathway for p53-dependent induction of apoptosis in response to DNA damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amira Zaky
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Sealy Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, TX-77555, Galveston, USA
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Ferraris ME, Arriaga A, Busso C, Carranza M. Histological study of parotid, submaxillary and von Ebner salivary glands in chronic alcoholics. Acta Odontol Latinoam 2003; 12:97-102. [PMID: 12905910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/04/2023]
Abstract
Samples from parotid, submaxillary, and von Ebner salivary glands of six chronic alcoholic individuals who had died of alcoholic hepatic cirrhosis were analyzed by topographic and histochemical routine stains and marked for cytokeratins; two normal adult individuals were used as control. Modifications in the acinar cells were found, but the most evident changes were observed in the ductal system: enlargement of major ducts, heterogeneous expression of cytokeratins and athrophy in epithelial cells, desquamated cells and stasis of content, and ductal hyperplasia in von Ebner glands. The lymphoplasmocytic infiltration does not represent the typical lymphocytic focus on Sjögren's syndrome or other connective tissue pathologies. Our findings indicate that functional and structural variations are produced both in serous acini and ducts parotid, submaxilar and von Ebner glands affected by alcoholic sialosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- M E Ferraris
- Department B of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Córdoba, Argentina.
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Yan L, Echenique V, Busso C, SanMiguel P, Ramakrishna W, Bennetzen JL, Harrington S, Dubcovsky J. Cereal genes similar to Snf2 define a new subfamily that includes human and mouse genes. Mol Genet Genomics 2002; 268:488-99. [PMID: 12471446 DOI: 10.1007/s00438-002-0765-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2002] [Accepted: 09/23/2002] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Genes from the SNF2 family play important roles in transcriptional regulation, maintenance of chromosome integrity and DNA repair. This study describes the molecular cloning and characterization of cereal genes from this family. The predicted proteins exhibit a novel C-terminal domain that defines a new subfamily designated SNF2P that includes human and mouse proteins. Comparison between genomic and cDNA sequences showed that cereal Snf2P genes consisted of 17 exons, including one only 8 bp long. Two barley alleles differed by the presence of a 7.7-kb non-LTR retrotransposon in intron 6. An alternative annotation of the orthologous Arabidopsis gene would improve its similarity with the other members of the subfamily. Intron 2 was not spliced out in approximately half of the rice Snf2P mRNAs present in leaves, resulting in a premature stop codon. Transcripts from the barley and wheat Snf2P genes were found in apexes, leaves, sheaths, roots and spikes. The Snf2P genes exist as single copies on wheat chromosome arm 5A(m)L and in the colinear regions on barley chromosome arm 4HL and rice chromosome 3. High-density genetic mapping and RT-PCR suggest that Snf2P is not a candidate gene for the tightly linked vernalization gene Vrn2.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Yan
- Dept. of Agronomy and Range Science, One Shields Avenue, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
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Ramakrishna W, Dubcovsky J, Park YJ, Busso C, Emberton J, SanMiguel P, Bennetzen JL. Different types and rates of genome evolution detected by comparative sequence analysis of orthologous segments from four cereal genomes. Genetics 2002; 162:1389-400. [PMID: 12454082 PMCID: PMC1462341 DOI: 10.1093/genetics/162.3.1389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Orthologous regions in barley, rice, sorghum, and wheat were studied by bacterial artificial chromosome sequence analysis. General microcolinearity was observed for the four shared genes in this region. However, three genic rearrangements were observed. First, the rice region contains a cluster of 48 predicted small nucleolar RNA genes, but the comparable region from sorghum contains no homologous loci. Second, gene 2 was inverted in the barley lineage by an apparent unequal recombination after the ancestors of barley and wheat diverged, 11-15 million years ago (mya). Third, gene 4 underwent direct tandem duplication in a common ancestor of barley and wheat 29-41 mya. All four of the shared genes show the same synonymous substitution rate, but nonsynonymous substitution rates show significant variations between genes 4a and 4b, suggesting that gene 4b was largely released from the strong purifying selection that acts on gene 4a in both barley and wheat. Intergenic retrotransposon blocks, many of them organized as nested insertions, mostly account for the lower gene density of the barley and wheat regions. All but two of the retrotransposons were found in the regions between genes, while all but 2 of the 51 inverted repeat transposable elements were found as insertions in genic regions and outside the retrotransposon blocks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wusirika Ramakrishna
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA
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Ferraris ME, Samar ME, Busso C, Avila RE, Ferraris RV, de Fabro SP. Prenatal development of human palatine glands: a structural and cytochemical study. Acta Odontol Latinoam 2002; 7:23-9. [PMID: 11885255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
The histogenesis of the salivary glands was structurally and cytochemically studied in human embryos and fetuses during the period of 8 to 32 weeks of intrauterine life. Glandular buds appeared at about 12 weeks of embryonic development. The rounded distal ends of the epithelial cords and neighbouring mesenchyma showed small and abundant PAS positive and alcianophilic granules. At age 14 weeks the secretory end pieces and the duct system were seen at different morphologic and structural stages of a differentiation. Mucous acini with scanty mixed acini predominated and serous acini appeared occasionally. From 20 to 24 weeks the mucous acini stained with toluidine blue featured different degrees of metachromasia even in the case of cells of the same acinus. In the ducts it was also possible to identify metachromatic cells intermingled with basophilic cells in the epithelial coat. These findings suggest that the palatine glands present typical histophysiological material from 14 to 20 weeks. The presence of PAS positive, alcianophilic and metachromatic secretory substance in the acinar lumen and the luminal content of ducts suggests that mucin secretion begins during intrauterine life.
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Affiliation(s)
- M E Ferraris
- Dept. Histology, Fac. Dentistry, Natl. Univ. Córdoba, Argentina
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Glorio R, Allevato M, De Pablo A, Abbruzzese M, Carmona L, Savarin M, Ibarra M, Busso C, Mordoh A, Llopis C, Haas R, Bello M, Woscoff A. Prevalence of cutaneous manifestations in 200 patients with eating disorders. Int J Dermatol 2000; 39:348-53. [PMID: 10849124 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-4362.2000.00924.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Eating disorders are increasing and show a variety of symptoms. They mainly include anorexia nervosa (AN), bulimia nervosa (BN), and eating disorders not specified (EDNOS). They predominate in females and represent an important danger, especially in teenagers. In serious cases, they may be life-threatening. Objective To determine the prevalence of cutaneous findings in patients with eating disorders and to compare the results with those found in the literature. METHODS An observational, transverse, and prospective study was performed. Two hundred patients of recent admission to ALUBA (association that fights against BN and AN), a psychiatric unit for eating disorders, were included: 122 BN; 62 AN; 16 EDNOS. RESULTS Patients with eating disorders show dermatologic manifestations (alopecia, xerosis, hypertrichosis, caries, nail fragility) that are secondary to starvation. Russell's sign, seen as calluses on the dorsal aspect of the hands, is a consequence of self-induced vomiting and the local trauma of the superior incisors. This sign represents a compensatory behavior to overeating and predominates in the BN group. CONCLUSION The recognition of dermatologic signs could be of immense value and could lead to the early diagnosis and treatment of these eating disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Glorio
- Division Dermatologic, Hospital de Clínicas "José de San Martín," Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Binelli G, Gianfranceschi L, Pè ME, Taramino G, Busso C, Stenhouse J, Ottaviano E. Similarity of maize and sorghum genomes as revealed by maize RFLP probes. Theor Appl Genet 1992; 84:10-16. [PMID: 24203022 DOI: 10.1007/bf00223975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/1991] [Accepted: 10/09/1991] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Densely saturated genetic maps of neutral genetic markers are a prerequisite either for plant breeding programs to improve quantitative traits in crops or for evolutionary studies. cDNA and genomic clones from maize were utilized to initiate the construction of a RFLP linkage map in Sorghum bicolor. To this purpose, an F2 population was produced from starting parental lines IS 18729 (USA) and IS 24756 (Nigeria) that were differentiated with regard to many morphological and agronomical traits. A total of 159 maize clones were hybridized to the genomic DNA of the two parents in order to detect polymorphism: 154 probes hybridized to sorghum and 58 out of these were polymorphic. In almost all of the cases hybridization patterns were similar between maize and sorghum. The analysis of the segregation of 35 polymorphic clones in an F2 population of 149 individuals yielded five linkage groups. The three principal ones recall regions of maize chromosomes 1, 3 and 5: in general, colinearity was maintained. A possible inversion, involving a long region of maize chromosome 3, was detected. Simulations were also performed to empirically obtain a value for the lowest number of individuals of the F2 population needed to obtain the same linkage data.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Binelli
- Department of Genetics and Microbiology, University of Milan, Via Celoria 26, I-20133, Milan, Italy
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Abstract
The effects of crude B. gabonica venom on single ventricular myocytes from guinea-pig hearts were studied using the patch clamp technique in the 'whole cell' mode. Irreversible effects on the membrane currents, which became prominent within 15 min of venom application, were: (1) a decrease in the time invariant current (associated with the inward rectifying K+ current), most clearly seen over a voltage range negative to the resting membrane potential; and (2) a decrease in the peak inward current (associated with the Ca2+ current) elicited by steplike depolarizations from a holding potential of -40 mV. A transient increase in the peak inward current, which preceded its eventual decline, was also noticed; it peaked 6-10 min after the venom was applied. Application of the venom to unclamped, stimulated cells resulted in a shortening of the plateau phase and disturbances of the repolarization phase of action potentials. An early transient prolongation and elevation of the plateau was observed, occurring with the same time course of the transient increase in the peak inward current. No signs of damage to the cell membrane integrity, neither electrical (appearance of a leakage current) nor morphological (surface blebs, loss of striation pattern and of rodlike shape in the isolated myocytes), accompanied the effects observed on ionic currents and action potential activity, supporting the hypothesis of a selective cardiotoxic action of B. gabonica venom.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Busso
- Dipartimento di Biologia Animale dell'Università di Torino, Italy
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Abstract
Haploid hybrids of either Brassica campestris (AA) or B. oleracea (CC) with B. nigra (BB) show a relatively low amount of chromosome pairing as compared with the level observed in the hybrid B. campestris × B. oleracea. This finding led to assume that B. nigra may carry a genic system suppressing homoeologous pairing in Brassica. To test this hypothesis, trigenomic hybrids (genome constitution ABC, 2n = 27) were synthesized, in which the effect of the B genome on the homoeologous pairing of the A and C genomes could be measured. The results indicate the inability of B. nigra to affect the level of pairing between homoeologous chromosomes of the A and C genomes. No genetic factor for a suppression of pairing was found in the B genome and there were no cytoplasmic effects on the regulation of pairing. However, cytological evidence pointed to chances of a successful transfer of economically valuable genes from B. nigra into the A and C genomes through the normal events of meiotic recombination. Key words: Brassica, triploid (trigenomic), homoeologous pairing, gene transfer.
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Attia T, Busso C, Röbbelen G. Digenomic triploids for an assessment of chromosome relationships in the cultivated diploid Brassica species. Genome 1987. [DOI: 10.1139/g87-053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
To assess the chromosomal relationships in the cultivated diploid Brassica species, four digenomic triploid combinations were synthesized and meiotically analyzed. Two of the four digenomic combinations contained the B genome of B. nigra, one with two (BC.B) and the other with only one B genome (C.BC). In these combinations preferential pairing between the two homologous genomes with the third single genome was predominant. Since gene actions suppressing pairing between chromosomes of related genomes had not been proven to exist in Brassica, this phenomenon is assumed to be conditioned by structural chromosomal differences reflecting the distant phylogenetic relationship of B. nigra to each of B. oleracea (CC) and B. campestris (AA). On the other hand, two other digenomic triploids having two A genomes and one C genome showed a low preferential pairing of the two homologous A genomes (to form 10 II + 9 I). Moreover, a high tendency for an allosyndetic pairing between the A and C genomes was expressed by the formation of one or more trivalents in over 50% of PMCs in the two combinations A.AC and AC.A. This demonstrated a high meiotic pairing potential and a small evolutionary difference between the chromosomes of B. campestris (AA) and B. oleracea (CC). Key words: Brassica, triploid (digenomic), phylogenetics, pairing (chromosome).
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Lovisolo D, Busso C. Sensitivity changes and facilitation in the photoreceptor of phalangium opilio due to light adaptation. Preliminary notes. Boll Soc Ital Biol Sper 1979; 55:142-147. [PMID: 17955639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
These preliminary notes were made on sensitivity changes and facilitation in the photoreceptor of phalangium opilio, due to light adaptation. They show that facilitation is a case opposite to light adaptation. Other measurements are planned in the progress of this work.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Lovisolo
- Istituto di Fisiologia Generale dell'Università di Torino
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