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Bañeras J, Iglesies-Grau J, Téllez-Plaza M, Arrarte V, Báez-Ferrer N, Benito B, Campuzano Ruiz R, Cecconi A, Domínguez-Rodríguez A, Rodríguez-Sinovas A, Ujueta F, Vozzi C, Lamas GA, Navas-Acién A. Environment and cardiovascular health: causes, consequences and opportunities in prevention and treatment. Rev Esp Cardiol (Engl Ed) 2022; 75:1050-1058. [PMID: 35931285 PMCID: PMC10266758 DOI: 10.1016/j.rec.2022.05.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The environment is a strong determinant of cardiovascular health. Environmental cardiology studies the contribution of environmental exposures with the aim of minimizing the harmful influences of pollution and promoting cardiovascular health through specific preventive or therapeutic strategies. The present review focuses on particulate matter and metals, which are the pollutants with the strongest level of scientific evidence, and includes possible interventions. Legislation, mitigation and control of pollutants in air, water and food, as well as environmental policies for heart-healthy spaces, are key measures for cardiovascular health. Individual strategies include the chelation of divalent metals such as lead and cadmium, metals that can only be removed from the body via chelation. The TACT (Trial to Assess Chelation Therapy, NCT00044213) clinical trial demonstrated cardiovascular benefit in patients with a previous myocardial infarction, especially in those with diabetes. Currently, the TACT2 trial (NCT02733185) is replicating the TACT results in people with diabetes. Data from the United States and Argentina have also shown the potential usefulness of chelation in severe peripheral arterial disease. More research and action in environmental cardiology could substantially help to improve the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordi Bañeras
- Servei de Cardiologia, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Spain
| | - Josep Iglesies-Grau
- Centre ÉPIC and Research Center, Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - María Téllez-Plaza
- Centro Nacional de Epidemiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Vicente Arrarte
- Servicio de Cardiología, Hospital General Universitario Dr. Balmis, ISABIAL, Alicante, Spain
| | - Néstor Báez-Ferrer
- Servicio de Cardiología, Hospital Universitario de Canarias, Universidad Europea de Canarias, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
| | - Begoña Benito
- Servei de Cardiologia, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Spain
| | - Raquel Campuzano Ruiz
- Servicio de Cardiología, Hospital Universitario Fundación de Alcorcón, Alcorcón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alberto Cecconi
- Servicio de Cardiología, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alberto Domínguez-Rodríguez
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Spain; Servicio de Cardiología, Hospital Universitario de Canarias, Universidad Europea de Canarias, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
| | - Antonio Rodríguez-Sinovas
- Servei de Cardiologia, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Spain
| | - Francisco Ujueta
- Columbia University Division of Cardiology, Mount Sinai Medical Center, Miami Beach, Florida, United States
| | - Carlos Vozzi
- Departamento de Cardiología, Instituto Vozzi, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Gervasio A Lamas
- Columbia University Division of Cardiology, Mount Sinai Medical Center, Miami Beach, Florida, United States; Department of Medicine, Mount Sinai Medical Center, Miami Beach, Florida, United States
| | - Ana Navas-Acién
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, Nueva York, United States.
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2
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Crippa G, Faccialà D, Prasannan Geetha P, Pusala A, Musheghyan M, Assion A, Bonanomi M, Cinquanta E, Ciriolo AG, Devetta M, Fazzi D, Gatto L, De Silvestri S, Vozzi C, Stagira S. Time-domain spectroscopy of methane excited by resonant high-energy mid-IR pulses. J Phys Photonics 2021. [DOI: 10.1088/2515-7647/ac0d0e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
We describe the implementation of nonlinear time-domain spectroscopy of rotovibrational IR-active modes in methane through broadband Four-Wave Mixing driven by resonant high-energy mid infrared laser pulses. At high driving pulse intensities we observe an efficient vibrational ladder climbing triggered in the molecules. This study opens the possibility to impulsively and selectively excite molecules of biological interest to high-lying vibrational states and to characterize their dynamics.
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3
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Ujueta F, Vozzi C, Vozzi L, Lamas G. Edetate Disodium-based Treatment in a Woman with Diabetes and Critical Limb Ischemia Scheduled for Lower Extremity Amputation. Cureus 2019; 11:e6142. [PMID: 31886077 PMCID: PMC6907714 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.6142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Historically, it is underappreciated that women undergoing amputation for critical limb ischemia (CLI) are older, more severely ill, and have a poorer prognosis than men. Epidemiological studies have shown an association between environmentally acquired vasculotoxic metals, coronary events, and peripheral artery disease. In this paper, we describe an elderly woman with CLI referred for primary amputation underwent edetate disodium-based treatment, known to reduce toxic metal burden, as a final option for limb salvage.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Lara Vozzi
- Cardiology, Instituto Vozzi, Rosario, ARG
| | - Gervasio Lamas
- Cardiology, Mount Sinai Medical Center, Miami Beach, USA
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4
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Takanashi T, Golubev NV, Callegari C, Fukuzawa H, Motomura K, Iablonskyi D, Kumagai Y, Mondal S, Tachibana T, Nagaya K, Nishiyama T, Matsunami K, Johnsson P, Piseri P, Sansone G, Dubrouil A, Reduzzi M, Carpeggiani P, Vozzi C, Devetta M, Negro M, Faccialà D, Calegari F, Trabattoni A, Castrovilli MC, Ovcharenko Y, Mudrich M, Stienkemeier F, Coreno M, Alagia M, Schütte B, Berrah N, Plekan O, Finetti P, Spezzani C, Ferrari E, Allaria E, Penco G, Serpico C, De Ninno G, Diviacco B, Di Mitri S, Giannessi L, Jabbari G, Prince KC, Cederbaum LS, Demekhin PV, Kuleff AI, Ueda K. Time-Resolved Measurement of Interatomic Coulombic Decay Induced by Two-Photon Double Excitation of Ne_{2}. Phys Rev Lett 2017; 118:033202. [PMID: 28157370 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.118.033202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The hitherto unexplored two-photon doubly excited states [Ne^{*}(2p^{-1}3s)]_{2} were experimentally identified using the seeded, fully coherent, intense extreme ultraviolet free-electron laser FERMI. These states undergo ultrafast interatomic Coulombic decay (ICD), which predominantly produces singly ionized dimers. In order to obtain the rate of ICD, the resulting yield of Ne_{2}^{+} ions was recorded as a function of delay between the extreme ultraviolet pump and UV probe laser pulses. The extracted lifetimes of the long-lived doubly excited states, 390(-130/+450) fs, and of the short-lived ones, less than 150 fs, are in good agreement with ab initio quantum mechanical calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Takanashi
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, 980-8577 Sendai, Japan
| | - N V Golubev
- Theoretische Chemie, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 229, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - C Callegari
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, Strada Statale 14 - km 163,5 in AREA Science Park, 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - H Fukuzawa
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, 980-8577 Sendai, Japan
| | - K Motomura
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, 980-8577 Sendai, Japan
| | - D Iablonskyi
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, 980-8577 Sendai, Japan
| | - Y Kumagai
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, 980-8577 Sendai, Japan
| | - S Mondal
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, 980-8577 Sendai, Japan
| | - T Tachibana
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, 980-8577 Sendai, Japan
| | - K Nagaya
- Department of Physics, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, 606-8502 Kyoto, Japan
| | - T Nishiyama
- Department of Physics, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, 606-8502 Kyoto, Japan
| | - K Matsunami
- Department of Physics, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, 606-8502 Kyoto, Japan
| | - P Johnsson
- Department of Physics, Lund University, P.O. Box 118, 22100 Lund, Sweden
| | - P Piseri
- CIMAINA and Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 16, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - G Sansone
- CNR-IFN, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
- Physikalisches Institut Albert-Ludwigs-Universität, Stefan-Meier-Strasse 19 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - A Dubrouil
- CNR-IFN, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - M Reduzzi
- CNR-IFN, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - P Carpeggiani
- CNR-IFN, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - C Vozzi
- CNR-IFN, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - M Devetta
- CNR-IFN, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - M Negro
- CNR-IFN, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - D Faccialà
- CNR-IFN, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - F Calegari
- CNR-IFN, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science, DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - A Trabattoni
- CNR-IFN, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science, DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Y Ovcharenko
- Institut für Optik und Atomare Physik, Technische Universität Berlin, Hardenbergstrasse 36, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - M Mudrich
- Physikalisches Institut, Universität Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - F Stienkemeier
- Physikalisches Institut, Universität Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - M Coreno
- CNR-ISM, Area Science Park, 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - M Alagia
- CNR-IOM, Area Science Park, 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - B Schütte
- Max-Born-Institut, Max-Born-Strasse 2 A, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - N Berrah
- Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, 2152 Hillside Road, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, USA
| | - O Plekan
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, Strada Statale 14 - km 163,5 in AREA Science Park, 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - P Finetti
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, Strada Statale 14 - km 163,5 in AREA Science Park, 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - C Spezzani
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, Strada Statale 14 - km 163,5 in AREA Science Park, 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - E Ferrari
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, Strada Statale 14 - km 163,5 in AREA Science Park, 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - E Allaria
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, Strada Statale 14 - km 163,5 in AREA Science Park, 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - G Penco
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, Strada Statale 14 - km 163,5 in AREA Science Park, 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - C Serpico
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, Strada Statale 14 - km 163,5 in AREA Science Park, 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - G De Ninno
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, Strada Statale 14 - km 163,5 in AREA Science Park, 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
- Laboratory of Quantum Optics, University of Nova Gorica, 5001 Nova Gorica, Slovenia
| | - B Diviacco
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, Strada Statale 14 - km 163,5 in AREA Science Park, 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - S Di Mitri
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, Strada Statale 14 - km 163,5 in AREA Science Park, 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - L Giannessi
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, Strada Statale 14 - km 163,5 in AREA Science Park, 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - G Jabbari
- Theoretische Chemie, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 229, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - K C Prince
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, Strada Statale 14 - km 163,5 in AREA Science Park, 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
- CNR-IOM, Area Science Park, 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - L S Cederbaum
- Theoretische Chemie, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 229, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ph V Demekhin
- Institut für Physik und CINSaT, Universität Kassel, Heinrich-Plett-Str. 40, 34132 Kassel, Germany
| | - A I Kuleff
- Theoretische Chemie, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 229, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - K Ueda
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, 980-8577 Sendai, Japan
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5
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Iablonskyi D, Nagaya K, Fukuzawa H, Motomura K, Kumagai Y, Mondal S, Tachibana T, Takanashi T, Nishiyama T, Matsunami K, Johnsson P, Piseri P, Sansone G, Dubrouil A, Reduzzi M, Carpeggiani P, Vozzi C, Devetta M, Negro M, Calegari F, Trabattoni A, Castrovilli MC, Faccialà D, Ovcharenko Y, Möller T, Mudrich M, Stienkemeier F, Coreno M, Alagia M, Schütte B, Berrah N, Kuleff AI, Jabbari G, Callegari C, Plekan O, Finetti P, Spezzani C, Ferrari E, Allaria E, Penco G, Serpico C, De Ninno G, Nikolov I, Diviacco B, Di Mitri S, Giannessi L, Prince KC, Ueda K. Slow Interatomic Coulombic Decay of Multiply Excited Neon Clusters. Phys Rev Lett 2016; 117:276806. [PMID: 28084773 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.117.276806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Ne clusters (∼5000 atoms) were resonantly excited (2p→3s) by intense free electron laser (FEL) radiation at FERMI. Such multiply excited clusters can decay nonradiatively via energy exchange between at least two neighboring excited atoms. Benefiting from the precise tunability and narrow bandwidth of seeded FEL radiation, specific sites of the Ne clusters were probed. We found that the relaxation of cluster surface atoms proceeds via a sequence of interatomic or intermolecular Coulombic decay (ICD) processes while ICD of bulk atoms is additionally affected by the surrounding excited medium via inelastic electron scattering. For both cases, cluster excitations relax to atomic states prior to ICD, showing that this kind of ICD is rather slow (picosecond range). Controlling the average number of excitations per cluster via the FEL intensity allows a coarse tuning of the ICD rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Iablonskyi
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, 980-8577 Sendai, Japan
| | - K Nagaya
- Department of Physics, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, 606-8502 Kyoto, Japan
| | - H Fukuzawa
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, 980-8577 Sendai, Japan
| | - K Motomura
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, 980-8577 Sendai, Japan
| | - Y Kumagai
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, 980-8577 Sendai, Japan
| | - S Mondal
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, 980-8577 Sendai, Japan
| | - T Tachibana
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, 980-8577 Sendai, Japan
| | - T Takanashi
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, 980-8577 Sendai, Japan
| | - T Nishiyama
- Department of Physics, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, 606-8502 Kyoto, Japan
| | - K Matsunami
- Department of Physics, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, 606-8502 Kyoto, Japan
| | - P Johnsson
- Department of Physics, Lund University, 22100 Lund, Sweden
| | - P Piseri
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - G Sansone
- CNR-IFN, 20133 Milan, Italy
- Physikalisches Institut, Universität Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - F Calegari
- CNR-IFN, 20133 Milan, Italy
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science, DESY, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - A Trabattoni
- CNR-IFN, 20133 Milan, Italy
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science, DESY, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - D Faccialà
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Y Ovcharenko
- Institut für Optik und Atomare Physik, TU Berlin, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - T Möller
- Institut für Optik und Atomare Physik, TU Berlin, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - M Mudrich
- Physikalisches Institut, Universität Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - F Stienkemeier
- Physikalisches Institut, Universität Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - M Coreno
- CNR-ISM, Area Science Park, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - M Alagia
- CNR-IOM, Area Science Park, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - B Schütte
- Max-Born-Institut, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - N Berrah
- Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, USA
| | - A I Kuleff
- Theoretische Chemie, Universität Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - G Jabbari
- Theoretische Chemie, Universität Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - C Callegari
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, Area Science Park, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - O Plekan
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, Area Science Park, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - P Finetti
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, Area Science Park, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - C Spezzani
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, Area Science Park, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - E Ferrari
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, Area Science Park, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - E Allaria
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, Area Science Park, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - G Penco
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, Area Science Park, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - C Serpico
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, Area Science Park, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - G De Ninno
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, Area Science Park, 34149 Trieste, Italy
- Laboratory of Quantum Optics, University of Nova Gorica, 5001 Nova Gorica, Slovenia
| | - I Nikolov
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, Area Science Park, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - B Diviacco
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, Area Science Park, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - S Di Mitri
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, Area Science Park, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - L Giannessi
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, Area Science Park, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - K C Prince
- CNR-IOM, Area Science Park, 34149 Trieste, Italy
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, Area Science Park, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - K Ueda
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, 980-8577 Sendai, Japan
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6
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Faccialà D, Pabst S, Bruner BD, Ciriolo AG, De Silvestri S, Devetta M, Negro M, Soifer H, Stagira S, Dudovich N, Vozzi C. Probe of Multielectron Dynamics in Xenon by Caustics in High-Order Harmonic Generation. Phys Rev Lett 2016; 117:093902. [PMID: 27610855 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.117.093902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the giant resonance in xenon by high-order harmonic generation spectroscopy driven by a two-color field. The addition of a nonperturbative second harmonic component parallel to the driving field breaks the symmetry between neighboring subcycles resulting in the appearance of spectral caustics at two distinct cutoff energies. By controlling the phase delay between the two color components it is possible to tailor the harmonic emission in order to amplify and isolate the spectral feature of interest. In this Letter we demonstrate how this control scheme can be used to investigate the role of electron correlations that give birth to the giant resonance in xenon. The collective excitations of the giant dipole resonance in xenon combined with the spectral manipulation associated with the two-color driving field allow us to see features that are normally not accessible and to obtain a good agreement between the experimental results and the theoretical predictions.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Faccialà
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
- Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie-CNR, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - S Pabst
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science DESY, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
- ITAMP Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 02138 Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - B D Bruner
- Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, 7610001 Rehovot, Israel
| | - A G Ciriolo
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
- Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie-CNR, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - S De Silvestri
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
- Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie-CNR, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - M Devetta
- Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie-CNR, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - M Negro
- Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie-CNR, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - H Soifer
- Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, 7610001 Rehovot, Israel
| | - S Stagira
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
- Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie-CNR, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - N Dudovich
- Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, 7610001 Rehovot, Israel
| | - C Vozzi
- Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie-CNR, 20133 Milan, Italy
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7
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Negro M, Devetta M, Faccialá D, Ciriolo AG, Calegari F, Frassetto F, Poletto L, Tosa V, Vozzi C, Stagira S. Non-collinear high-order harmonic generation by three interfering laser beams. Opt Express 2014; 22:29778-29786. [PMID: 25606907 DOI: 10.1364/oe.22.029778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
High order harmonic generation (HHG) has shown its impact on several applications in Attosecond Science and Atomic and Molecular Physics. Owing to the complexity of the experimental setup for the generation and characterization of harmonics, as well as to the large computational costs of numerical modelling, HHG is generally performed and modelled in collinear geometry. Recently, several experiments have been performed exploiting non-collinear geometry, such as HHG in a grating of excited molecules created by crossing beams. In such studies, harmonics were observed at propagation directions different from those of the driving pulses; moreover the scattered harmonics were angularly dispersed.In this work we report on a new regime of HHG driven by multiple beams, where the harmonics are generated by three synchronized, intense laser pulses organized in a non-planar geometry. Although the configuration we explore is well within the strong-field regime, the scattered harmonics we observe are not angularly dispersed.
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8
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Negro M, Devetta M, Faccialá D, De Silvestri S, Vozzi C, Stagira S. High-order harmonic spectroscopy for molecular imaging of polyatomic molecules. Faraday Discuss 2014; 171:133-43. [DOI: 10.1039/c4fd00033a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
High-order harmonic generation is a powerful and sensitive tool for probing atomic and molecular structures, combining in the same measurement an unprecedented attosecond temporal resolution with a high spatial resolution of the order of an angstrom. Imaging of the outermost molecular orbital by high-order harmonic generation has been limited for a long time to very simple molecules, like nitrogen. Recently we demonstrated a technique that overcame several of the issues that have prevented the extension of molecular orbital tomography to more complex species, showing that molecular imaging can be applied to a triatomic molecule like carbon dioxide. Here we report on the application of such a technique to nitrous oxide (N2O) and acetylene (C2H2). This result represents a first step towards the imaging of fragile compounds, a category which includes most of the fundamental biological molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Negro
- Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie
- CNR
- 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - M. Devetta
- Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie
- CNR
- 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - D. Faccialá
- Dipartimento di Fisica
- Politecnico di Milano
- 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - S. De Silvestri
- Dipartimento di Fisica
- Politecnico di Milano
- 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - C. Vozzi
- Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie
- CNR
- 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - S. Stagira
- Dipartimento di Fisica
- Politecnico di Milano
- 20133 Milan, Italy
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9
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Shafir D, Soifer H, Vozzi C, Johnson AS, Hartung A, Dube Z, Villeneuve DM, Corkum PB, Dudovich N, Staudte A. Trajectory-resolved Coulomb focusing in tunnel ionization of atoms with intense, elliptically polarized laser pulses. Phys Rev Lett 2013; 111:023005. [PMID: 23889394 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.111.023005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2012] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
In strong-field light-matter interactions, the strong laser field dominates the dynamics. However, recent experiments indicate that the Coulomb force can play an important role as well. In this Letter, we have studied the photoelectron momentum distributions produced from noble gases in elliptically polarized, 800 nm laser light. By performing a complete mapping of the three-dimensional electron momentum, we find that Coulomb focusing significantly narrows the lateral momentum spread. We find a surprisingly sensitive dependence of Coulomb focusing on the initial transverse momentum distribution, i.e., the momentum at the moment of birth of the photoelectron. We also observe a strong signature of the low-energy structure in the above threshold ionization spectrum.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Shafir
- Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
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10
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Fazzi D, Scotognella F, Milani A, Brida D, Manzoni C, Cinquanta E, Devetta M, Ravagnan L, Milani P, Cataldo F, Lüer L, Wannemacher R, Cabanillas-Gonzalez J, Negro M, Stagira S, Vozzi C. Ultrafast spectroscopy of linear carbon chains: the case of dinaphthylpolyynes. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2013; 15:9384-91. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cp50508a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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11
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Fazzi D, Scotognella F, Milani A, Brida D, Cinquanta E, Ravagnan L, Milani P, Cataldo F, Negro M, Stagira S, Vozzi C. Ultrafast spectroscopy of linear carbon chains: the case of dinaphthylpolyynes. EPJ Web of Conferences 2013. [DOI: 10.1051/epjconf/20134105026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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12
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Devlin G, Reynolds HR, Mark DB, Rankin JM, Carvalho AC, Vozzi C, Sopko G, Caramori P, Džavík V, Ragosta M, Forman SA, Lamas GA, Hochman JS. Loss of short-term symptomatic benefit in patients with an occluded infarct artery is unrelated to non-protocol revascularization: results from the Occluded Artery Trial (OAT). Am Heart J 2011; 161:84-90. [PMID: 21167338 DOI: 10.1016/j.ahj.2010.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2010] [Accepted: 09/14/2010] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND the OAT found that routine late (3-28 days post-myocardial infarction) percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) of an occluded infarct-related artery did not reduce death, reinfarction, or heart failure relative to medical treatment (MED). Angina rates were lower in PCI early, but the advantage over MED was lost by 3 years. METHODS angina and revascularization status were collected at 4 months, then annually. We assessed whether non-protocol revascularization procedures in MED accounted for loss of the early symptomatic advantage of PCI. RESULTS seven per 100 more PCI patients were angina-free at 4 months (P < .001) and 5 per 100 at 12 months (P = .005) with the difference narrowing to 1 per 100 at 3 years (P = .34). Non-protocol revascularization was more frequent in MED (5-year rate 22% vs 19% PCI, P = .05). Indications for revascularization included acute coronary syndromes (39% PCI vs 38% MED), stable angina/inducible ischemia (39% in each group), and physician preference (17% PCI vs 15% MED). Revascularization rates among patients with angina at any time during follow-up (35% of cohort) did not differ by treatment group (5-year rates 26% PCI vs 28% MED). Most symptomatic patients were treated without revascularization during follow-up (77%). CONCLUSIONS in a large randomized clinical trial of stable post-myocardial infarction patients, the modest benefit on angina from PCI of an occluded infarct-related artery was lost by 3 years. Revascularization was slightly more common in MED during follow-up but was not driven by acute ischemia, and almost 1 in 5 procedures were attributed to physician preference alone.
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13
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Negro M, Vozzi C, Calegari F, De Silvestri S, Stagira S. Polarization pulse shaping induced by impulsive molecular alignment in optical filamentation and application to high-order harmonic generation. Opt Lett 2010; 35:1350-1352. [PMID: 20436565 DOI: 10.1364/ol.35.001350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
We investigated theoretically and experimentally the ultrafast birefringence induced by impulsive alignment in a molecular gas during optical filamentation. This phenomenon is able to substantially affect the polarization state of an ultrashort laser pulse that propagates through the aligned medium at suitable delays from a first aligning pulse. We exploited this modulation of the polarization state in order to effectively control the high-order harmonic generation (HHG) process, which is strongly dependent on the driving pulse polarization. These results open new and fascinating perspectives for the tailoring of strong-field phenomena by means of polarization pulse shaping.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Negro
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano & CNR-IFN, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci, 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
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14
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Jorapur V, Lamas GA, Sadowski ZP, Reynolds HR, Carvalho AC, Buller CE, Rankin JM, Renkin J, Steg PG, White HD, Vozzi C, Balcells E, Ragosta M, Martin CE, Srinivas VS, Wharton Iii WW, Abramsky S, Mon AC, Kronsberg SS, Hochman JS. Renal impairment and heart failure with preserved ejection fraction early post-myocardial infarction. World J Cardiol 2010; 2:13-8. [PMID: 20885993 PMCID: PMC2946261 DOI: 10.4330/wjc.v2.i1.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2010] [Revised: 01/24/2010] [Accepted: 01/25/2010] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To study if impaired renal function is associated with increased risk of peri-infarct heart failure (HF) in patients with preserved ejection fraction (EF). METHODS Patients with occluded infarct-related arteries (IRAs) between 1 to 28 d after myocardial infarction (MI) were grouped into chronic kidney disease (CKD) stages based on estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). Rates of early post-MI HF were compared among eGFR groups. Logistic regression was used to explore independent predictors of HF. RESULTS Reduced eGFR was present in 71.1% of 2160 patients, with significant renal impairment (eGFR < 60 mL/min every 1.73 m(2)) in 14.8%. The prevalence of HF was higher with worsening renal function: 15.5%, 17.8% and 29.4% in patients with CKD stages 1, 2 and 3 or 4, respectively (P < 0.0001), despite a small absolute difference in mean EF across eGFR groups: 48.2 ± 10.0, 47.9 ± 11.3 and 46.2 ± 12.1, respectively (P = 0.02). The prevalence of HF was again higher with worsening renal function among patients with preserved EF: 10.1%, 13.6% and 23.6% (P < 0.0001), but this relationship was not significant among patients with depressed EF: 27.1%, 26.2% and 37.9% (P = 0.071). Moreover, eGFR was an independent correlate of HF in patients with preserved EF (P = 0.003) but not in patients with depressed EF (P = 0.181). CONCLUSION A significant proportion of post-MI patients with occluded IRAs have impaired renal function. Impaired renal function was associated with an increased rate of early post-MI HF, the association being strongest in patients with preserved EF. These findings have implications for management of peri-infarct HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinod Jorapur
- Vinod Jorapur, Gervasio A Lamas, Ana C Mon, Columbia University Division of Cardiology, Mount Sinai Medical Center, Miami Beach, FL 33140, United States
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15
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Lang IM, Forman SA, Maggioni AP, Ruzyllo W, Renkin J, Vozzi C, Steg PG, Hernandez-Garcia JM, Zmudka K, Jimenez-Navarro M, Sopko G, Lamas GA, Hochman JS. Causes of death in early MI survivors with persistent infarct artery occlusion: results from the Occluded Artery Trial (OAT). EUROINTERVENTION 2009; 5:610-618. [PMID: 20142183 PMCID: PMC2893563 DOI: 10.4244/eijv5i5a98] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/16/2023]
Abstract
AIMS OAT randomised patients with an occluded infarct artery three to 28 days after myocardial infarction (MI). The study demonstrated that PCI did not reduce the occurrence of the primary composite endpoint of death, re-MI, and New York Heart Association class IV heart failure in comparison with patients assigned to optimal medical therapy alone (MED). In view of prior literature in similar cohorts showing fewer sudden cardiac deaths and less left ventricular (LV) remodelling, but excess re-MI with PCI, causes of death were analysed in more detail. METHODS AND RESULTS Stepwise Cox regression was used to examine baseline variables associated with causes of death. The immediate and primary cause of death did not differ between 1,101 PCI and 1,100 MED patients. One-year cardiovascular death rates were 3.8% for the PCI group, and 3.7% for the MED group, and 0.9% per year for the next four years in both groups. Five of six cases of cardiac rupture occurred in patients undergoing PCI. CONCLUSIONS In stable post-MI patients with occlusion of the infarct-related artery, PCI did not change the rate or cause of death. The observation that the majority of cardiac ruptures occurred in patients undergoing PCI deserves further investigation.
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16
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Calegari F, Vozzi C, Negro M, Sansone G, Frassetto F, Poletto L, Villoresi P, Nisoli M, De Silvestri S, Stagira S. Efficient continuum generation exceeding 200 eV by intense ultrashort two-color driver. Opt Lett 2009; 34:3125-3127. [PMID: 19838247 DOI: 10.1364/ol.34.003125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
A temporal gating on the high-order harmonic emission process is achieved using an intense 20 fs, 1.45 microm pulse (IR) in combination with an intense 13 fs, 800 nm pulse [visible (VIS)]. Exploiting this two-color gating scheme, a coherent continuous emission extending up to 160 eV using Ar gas and 200 eV using Ne gas is efficiently generated. The IR pulse contributes to significantly extending the harmonic emission to higher photon energies, whereas the VIS pulse improves the conversion efficiency of the process. These results indicate the possibility to produce bright attosecond pulses approaching the soft X spectral region.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Calegari
- Dipartimento di Fisica, National Laboratory for Ultrafast and Ultraintense Optical Science-CNR-INFM,Politecnico di Milano, Milano I-20133, Italy.
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17
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Dzavík V, Buller CE, Devlin G, Carere RG, Mancini GBJ, Cantor WJ, Buszman PE, Rankin JM, Vozzi C, Ross JR, Forman S, Barton BA, Lamas AGA, Hochman JS. Angiographic and clinical outcomes of drug-eluting versus bare metal stent deployment in the Occluded Artery Trial. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv 2009; 73:771-9. [PMID: 19309733 DOI: 10.1002/ccd.21930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The majority of patients randomized to percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in the Occluded Artery Trial (OAT) and its angiographic substudy, the Total Occlusion Study of Canada 2 (TOSCA-2) were treated with bare metal stents (BMS). We aimed to determine if stenting of the target occlusion in OAT with drug-eluting stents (DES) was associated with more favorable angiographic results and clinical outcome when compared with treatment with BMS. METHODS TOSCA-2 DES was a prospective nonrandomized substudy that provided 1-year angiographic comparison of late loss and reocclusion in 25 patients treated with DES and in 128 treated with BMS. In addition, all PCI-assigned patients enrolled from the time when DES were first utilized were similarly categorized (DES n = 77, and BMS n = 386) and compared using the 3-year cumulative OAT primary combined endpoint of death, myocardial infarction, or Class-IV heart failure, as well as angina. RESULTS In-segment late loss was 0.14 +/- 0.45 mm for DES and 0.75 +/- 0.86 mm for BMS (P < 0.001). Corresponding binary restenosis rates were 13.0% and 44.3% (P = 0.005). Occlusion at 1 year was observed in 4.0 and 12.1%, respectively (P = 0.23). The 3-year cumulative primary event rate was 13.8% with DES and 12.5% with BMS (hazard ratio 1.08, 99% confidence intervals 0.44, 2.64; P = 0.83). Angina over time occurred less frequently in the DES group (P = 0.01). CONCLUSIONS Although the reduction of late loss and trend to reduction in reocclusion with the use of DES for PCI of persistently occluded IRA 3-28 days post myocardial infarction did not translate into a signal for reduction in death, reinfarction, or Class IV heart failure, DES use was associated with less angina over time. Further follow-up is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimír Dzavík
- Division of Cardiology, Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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18
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Malek LA, Reynolds HR, Forman SA, Vozzi C, Mancini GBJ, French JK, Dziarmaga M, Renkin JP, Kochman J, Lamas GA, Hochman JS. Late coronary intervention for totally occluded left anterior descending coronary arteries in stable patients after myocardial infarction: Results from the Occluded Artery Trial (OAT). Am Heart J 2009; 157:724-32. [PMID: 19332202 DOI: 10.1016/j.ahj.2008.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2008] [Accepted: 12/10/2008] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We analyzed a prespecified hypothesis of the Occluded Artery Trial (OAT) that late percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) of the infarct-related artery (IRA) would be most beneficial for patients with anterior myocardial infarction (MI). METHODS Two thousand two hundred one stable, high-risk patients with total occlusion of the IRA (793 left anterior descending [LAD]) on days 3 to 28 (minimum of 24 hours) after MI were randomized to PCI and stenting with optimal medical therapy (1,101 patients) or to optimal medical therapy alone (1,100 patients). The primary end point was a composite of death, recurrent MI, or hospitalization for class IV heart failure. RESULTS The 5-year cumulative primary end point rate was more frequent in the LAD group (19.5%) than in the non-LAD group (16.4%) (HR 1.34, 99% CI 1.00-1.81, P = .01). Within the LAD group, the HR for the primary end point in the PCI group (22.7%) compared with the medical therapy group (16.4%) was 1.35 (99% CI 0.86-2.13, P = .09), whereas in the non-LAD group the HR for the primary end point in PCI (16.9%) compared with medical therapy (15.8%) was 1.03 (99% CI 0.70-1.52, P = .83) (interaction P = .24). The results were similar when the effect of PCI was assessed in patients with proximal LAD occlusion. CONCLUSIONS In stable patients, persistent total occlusion of the LAD post MI is associated with a worse prognosis compared with occlusion of the other IRAs. A strategy of PCI of occluded LAD IRA >24 hours post MI in stable patients is not beneficial and may increase risk of adverse events in comparison to optimal medical treatment alone.
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Abstract
The rotovibrational dynamics excited by optical filamentation in molecular gases is studied in the temporal domain. Two time-delayed replicas of the same laser pulse have been used to generate a first filament, for the rotovibrational excitation of the sample, and a second collinear filament probing the Raman dynamics. The Fermi doublet structure in CO(2) as well as the very fast stretching mode of H(2) were clearly resolved.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Calegari
- National Laboratory for Ultrafast and Ultraintense Optical Science-CNR-INFM, Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy.
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20
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Calegari F, Vozzi C, Gasilov S, Benedetti E, Sansone G, Nisoli M, De Silvestri S, Stagira S. Rotational Raman effects in the wake of optical filamentation. Phys Rev Lett 2008; 100:123006. [PMID: 18517863 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.100.123006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2007] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The spatiotemporal effects generated in the wake of a laser filament propagating in nitrogen are investigated. At suitable time delays, a probe light pulse propagating along the wake experiences a strong spatial confinement and a noticeable spectral broadening at the same time. Numerical simulations, well reproducing the experimental findings, show the key role of the impulsive rotational Raman response in the observed phenomena.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Calegari
- National Laboratory for Ultrafast and Ultraintense Optical Science-CNR-INFM, Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, I-20133, Italy.
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21
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Vozzi C, Calegari F, Benedetti E, Gasilov S, Sansone G, Cerullo G, Nisoli M, De Silvestri S, Stagira S. Millijoule-level phase-stabilized few-optical-cycle infrared parametric source. Opt Lett 2007; 32:2957-2959. [PMID: 17938665 DOI: 10.1364/ol.32.002957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Ultrabroadband self-phase-stabilized near-IR pulses have been generated by difference-frequency generation of a filament broadened supercontinuum followed by two-stage optical parametric amplification. Pulses with energy up to 1.2 mJ and duration down to 17 fs are demonstrated. These characteristics make such a source suited as a driver for high-order harmonic generation and isolated attosecond pulse production.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Vozzi
- National Laboratory for Ultrafast and Ultraintense Optical Science, CNR-INFM, Department of Physics, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy.
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22
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Calegari F, Valentini G, Vozzi C, Benedetti E, Cabanillas-Gonzalez J, Faenov A, Gasilov S, Pikuz T, Poletto L, Sansone G, Villoresi P, Nisoli M, De Silvestri S, Stagira S. Elemental sensitivity in soft x-ray imaging with a laser-plasma source and a color center detector. Opt Lett 2007; 32:2593-5. [PMID: 17767316 DOI: 10.1364/ol.32.002593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Elemental sensitivity in soft x-ray imaging of thin foils with known thickness is observed using an ultrafast laser-plasma source and a LiF crystal as detector. Measurements are well reproduced by a simple theoretical model. This technique can be exploited for high spatial resolution, wide field of view imaging in the soft x-ray region, and it is suitable for the characterization of thin objects with thicknesses ranging from hundreds down to tens of nanometers.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Calegari
- National Laboratory for Ultrafast and Ultraintense Optical Science, CNR-INFM, Politecnico, Milan, Italy
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23
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Procino I, Velotta R, Altucci C, Amoruso S, Bruzzese R, Wang X, Tosa V, Sansone G, Vozzi C, Nisoli M. Hollow-fiber compression of visible, 200 fs laser pulses to 40 fs pulse duration. Opt Lett 2007; 32:1866-8. [PMID: 17603596 DOI: 10.1364/ol.32.001866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate the use of a very simple, compact, and versatile method, based on the hollow-fiber compression technique, to shorten the temporal length of visible laser pulses of 100-300 fs to pulse durations shorter than approximately 50 fs. In particular, 200 fs, frequency-doubled, Nd:glass laser pulses (527 nm) were spectrally broadened to final bandwidths as large as 25 nm by nonlinear propagation through an Ar-filled hollow fiber. A compact, dispersive, prism-pair compressor was then used to produce as short as 40 fs, 150 microJ pulses. A very satisfactory agreement between numerical simulations and measurements is found.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Procino
- Consorzio Nazionale Interuniversatario per le Scienze Fisiche della Materia, Coherentia Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche, Università Federico II di Napoli, via Cintia, 80126 Napoli, Italy
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24
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Dzavík V, Buller CE, Lamas GA, Rankin JM, Mancini GBJ, Cantor WJ, Carere RJ, Ross JR, Atchison D, Forman S, Thomas B, Buszman P, Vozzi C, Glanz A, Cohen EA, Meciar P, Devlin G, Mascette A, Sopko G, Knatterud GL, Hochman JS. Randomized trial of percutaneous coronary intervention for subacute infarct-related coronary artery occlusion to achieve long-term patency and improve ventricular function: the Total Occlusion Study of Canada (TOSCA)-2 trial. Circulation 2006; 114:2449-57. [PMID: 17105848 PMCID: PMC2785021 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.106.669432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the present study, we sought to determine whether opening a persistently occluded infarct-related artery (IRA) by percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in patients beyond the acute phase of myocardial infarction (MI) improves patency and indices of left ventricular (LV) size and function. METHODS AND RESULTS Between May 2000 and July 2005, 381 patients with an occluded native IRA 3 to 28 days after MI (median 10 days) were randomized to PCI with stenting (PCI) or optimal medical therapy alone. Repeat coronary and LV angiography was performed 1 year after randomization (n=332, 87%). Coprimary end points were IRA patency and change in LV ejection fraction. Secondary end points included change in LV end-systolic and end-diastolic volume indices and wall motion. PCI was successful in 92%. At 1 year, 83% of PCI versus 25% of medical therapy-only patients had a patent IRA (P<0.001). LV ejection fraction increased significantly (P<0.001) in both groups, with no between-group difference: PCI 4.2+/-8.9 (n=150) versus medical therapy 3.5+/-8.2 (n=136; P=0.47). Median change (interquartile range) in LV end-systolic volume index was -0.5 (-9.3 to 5.0) versus 1.0 (-5.7 to 7.3) mL/m2 (P=0.10), whereas median change (interquartile range) in LV end-diastolic volume index was 3.2 (-8.2 to 13.3) versus 5.3 (-4.6 to 23.2) mL/m2 (P=0.07) in the PCI (n=86) and medical therapy-only (n=76) groups, respectively. CONCLUSIONS PCI with stenting of a persistently occluded IRA in the subacute phase after MI effectively maintains long-term patency but has no effect on LV ejection fraction. On the basis of these findings and the lack of clinical benefit in the main Occluded Artery Trial, routine PCI is not recommended for stable patients with a persistently occluded IRA after MI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimír Dzavík
- University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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25
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Sansone G, Benedetti E, Calegari F, Vozzi C, Avaldi L, Flammini R, Poletto L, Villoresi P, Altucci C, Velotta R, Stagira S, De Silvestri S, Nisoli M. Isolated Single-Cycle Attosecond Pulses. Science 2006; 314:443-6. [PMID: 17053142 DOI: 10.1126/science.1132838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 355] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
We generated single-cycle isolated attosecond pulses around approximately 36 electron volts using phase-stabilized 5-femtosecond driving pulses with a modulated polarization state. Using a complete temporal characterization technique, we demonstrated the compression of the generated pulses for as low as 130 attoseconds, corresponding to less than 1.2 optical cycles. Numerical simulations of the generation process show that the carrier-envelope phase of the attosecond pulses is stable. The availability of single-cycle isolated attosecond pulses opens the way to a new regime in ultrafast physics, in which the strong-field electron dynamics in atoms and molecules is driven by the electric field of the attosecond pulses rather than by their intensity profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Sansone
- National Laboratory for Ultrafast and Ultraintense Optical Science-CNR-Istituto Nazionale per la Fisica della Materia, Department of Physics, Politecnico, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
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26
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Vozzi C, Cirmi G, Manzoni C, Benedetti E, Calegari F, Sansone G, Stagira S, Svelto O, De Silvestri S, Nisoli M, Cerullo G. High-energy, few-optical-cycle pulses at 1.5 microm with passive carrier-envelope phase stabilization. Opt Express 2006; 14:10109-10116. [PMID: 19529406 DOI: 10.1364/oe.14.010109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
We report on a source of ultrabroadband self-phase-stabilized near-IR pulses by difference-frequency generation of a hollow-fiber broadened supercontinuum followed by two-stage optical parametric amplification. We demonstrate energies up to 200 microJ with 15 fs pulse width, making this source suited as a driver for attosecond pulse generation.
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Manzoni C, Vozzi C, Benedetti E, Sansone G, Stagira S, Svelto O, De Silvestri S, Nisoli M, Cerullo G. Generation of high-energy self-phase-stabilized pulses by difference-frequency generation followed by optical parametric amplification. Opt Lett 2006; 31:963-5. [PMID: 16602187 DOI: 10.1364/ol.31.000963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
We produce ultrabroadband self-phase-stabilized near-IR pulses by a novel approach where a seed pulse, obtained by difference-frequency generation of a hollow-fiber broadened supercontinuum, is amplified by a two-stage optical parametric amplifier. Energies up to 20 microJ with a pulse spectrum extending from 1.2 to 1.6 microm are demonstrated, and a route for substantial energy scaling is indicated.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Manzoni
- National Laboratory for Ultrafast and Ultraintense Optical Science-INFM, Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy.
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28
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Vozzi C, Calegari F, Benedetti E, Caumes JP, Sansone G, Stagira S, Nisoli M, Torres R, Heesel E, Kajumba N, Marangos JP, Altucci C, Velotta R. Controlling two-center interference in molecular high harmonic generation. Phys Rev Lett 2005; 95:153902. [PMID: 16241726 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.95.153902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2005] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
We experimentally investigate the process of intramolecular quantum interference in high-order harmonic generation in impulsively aligned CO2 molecules. The recombination interference effect is clearly seen through the order dependence of the harmonic yield in an aligned sample. The experimental results can be well modeled assuming that the effective de Broglie wavelength of the returning electron wave is not significantly altered by the Coulomb field of the molecular ion. We demonstrate that such interference effects can be effectively controlled by changing the ellipticity of the driving laser field.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Vozzi
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico, National Laboratory for Ultrafast and Ultraintense Optical Science-CNR-INFM, Milano, Italy
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Sansone G, Benedetti E, Caumes JP, Stagira S, Vozzi C, Pascolini M, Poletto L, Villoresi P, De Silvestri S, Nisoli M. Measurement of harmonic phase differences by interference of attosecond light pulses. Phys Rev Lett 2005; 94:193903. [PMID: 16090174 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.94.193903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2005] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
By using a self-referencing technique, we have experimentally measured the influence of the carrier-envelope phase of femtosecond light pulses on the phase of the electric field of the radiation produced by high-order harmonic generation. We show that, in particular experimental conditions, the temporal evolution of the electric field of the attosecond pulses, is directly controlled by the carrier-envelope phase of the driving pulses.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Sansone
- Dipartimento di Fisica, National Laboratory for Ultrafast and Ultraintense Optical Science-INFM, Politecnico, Milano, Italy
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Sansone G, Vozzi C, Stagira S, Pascolini M, Poletto L, Villoresi P, Tondello G, De Silvestri S, Nisoli M. Observation of carrier-envelope phase phenomena in the multi-optical-cycle regime. Phys Rev Lett 2004; 92:113904. [PMID: 15089138 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.92.113904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2003] [Revised: 11/24/2003] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
So far the role of the carrier-envelope phase of a light pulse has been clearly experimentally evidenced only in the sub-6-fs temporal regime. Here we show, both experimentally and theoretically, the influence of the carrier-envelope phase of a multi-optical-cycle light pulse on high-order harmonic generation. For the first time, we demonstrate that the short and long electron quantum paths contributing to harmonic generation are influenced in a different way by the pulse carrier-envelope phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Sansone
- National Laboratory for Ultrafast and Ultraintense Optical Science--INFM, Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico, Milano, Italy
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31
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Nisoli M, Sansone G, Stagira S, De Silvestri S, Vozzi C, Pascolini M, Poletto L, Villoresi P, Tondello G. Effects of carrier-envelope phase differences of few-optical-cycle light pulses in single-shot high-order-harmonic spectra. Phys Rev Lett 2003; 91:213905. [PMID: 14683305 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.91.213905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2003] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
For the first time single-shot harmonic spectra generated by few-optical-cycle pulses have been measured. Clear carrier-envelope phase effects have been observed in the cutoff harmonic spectral structure. Results have been interpreted in terms of the nonadiabatic single-atom response of the nonlinear medium excited by few-optical-cycle pulses.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Nisoli
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico, Milano, Italy.
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32
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Schenkel B, Biegert J, Keller U, Vozzi C, Nisoli M, Sansone G, Stagira S, De Silvestri S, Svelto O. Generation of 3.8-fs pulses from adaptive compression of a cascaded hollow fiber supercontinuum. Opt Lett 2003; 28:1987-9. [PMID: 14587798 DOI: 10.1364/ol.28.001987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate generation of 3.8-fs pulses with energies of up to 15 microJ from a supercontinuum produced in two cascaded hollow fibers. Ultrabroadband dispersion compensation was achieved through a closed-loop combination of a spatial light modulator for adaptive pulse compression and spectral-phase interferometry for direct electric-field reconstruction (SPIDER) measurements as feedback signal.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Schenkel
- Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH Zürich), Physics Department, Institute of Quantum Electronics, ETH Hönggerberg HPT, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland.
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Kornelis W, Biegert J, Tisch JWG, Nisoli M, Sansone G, Vozzi C, De Silvestri S, Keller U. Single-shot kilohertz characterization of ultrashort pulses by spectral phase interferometry for direct electric-field reconstruction. Opt Lett 2003; 28:281-283. [PMID: 12653371 DOI: 10.1364/ol.28.000281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
We describe a method of characterizing ultrashort optical pulses that is based on the technique of spectral phase interferometry for direct electric-field reconstruction and is capable of simultaneously measuring the amplitude and the phase of the electric field of a sub-10-fs pulse at kilohertz acquisition rates on a single-shot basis. Use of this technique results in a dramatic increase (>50x) in acquisition rate compared with that of existing diagnostics for full E-field characterization and opens the door to a range of new experiments in which shot-to-shot phase and amplitude fluctuations are studied at kilohertz rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Kornelis
- Department of Physics, Institute of Quantum Electronics, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Zurich, CH 8093, Switzerland.
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Vozzi C, Formenton A, Chanson A, Senn A, Sahli R, Shaw P, Nicod P, Germond M, Haefliger JA. Involvement of connexin 43 in meiotic maturation of bovine oocytes. Reproduction 2001; 122:619-28. [PMID: 11570969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2023]
Abstract
In ovarian follicles, cumulus cells provide the oocyte with small molecules that permit growth and control maturation. These nutrients reach the germinal cell through gap junction channels, which are present between the cumulus cells and the oocyte, and between the cumulus cells. In this study the involvement of intercellular communication mediated by gap junction channels on oocyte maturation of in vitro cultured bovine cumulus-oocyte complexes (COCs) was investigated. The stages of oocyte maturation were determined by Hoechst 33342 staining, which showed that 90% of COCs placed in the maturation medium for 24 h progress to the metaphase II stage. Bovine COC gap junction communication was disrupted initially using n-alkanols, which inhibit any passage through gap junctions. In the presence of 1-heptanol (3 mmol l(-1)) or octanol (3.0 mmol l(-1) and 0.3 mmol l(-1)), only 29% of the COCs reached metaphase II. Removal of the uncoupling agent was associated with restoration of oocyte maturation, indicating that treatment with n-alkanols was neither cytotoxic nor irreversible. Concentrations of connexin 43 (Cx43), the major gap junction protein expressed in the COCs, were decreased specifically using a recombinant adenovirus expressing the antisense Cx43 cDNA (Ad-asCx43). The efficacy of adenoviral infection was > 95% in cumulus cells evaluated after infection with recombinant adenoviruses expressing the green fluorescence protein. RT-PCR performed on total RNA isolated from Ad-asCx43-infected COCs showed that the rat Cx43 cDNA was transcribed. Western blot analysis revealed a three-fold decrease in Cx43 expression in COCs expressing the antisense RNA for Cx43. Injection of cumulus cells with Lucifer yellow demonstrated further that the resulting lower amount of Cx43 in infected COCs is associated with a two-fold decrease in the extent of coupling between cumulus cells. In addition, oocyte maturation was decreased by 50% in the infected COC cultures. These results indicate that Cx43-mediated communication between cumulus cells plays a crucial role in maturation of bovine oocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Vozzi
- Reproductive Medicine Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, CHUV-1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
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Vozzi C, Formenton A, Chanson A, Senn A, Sahli R, Shaw P, Nicod P, Germond M, Haefliger JA. Involvement of connexin 43 in meiotic maturation of bovine oocytes. Reproduction 2001. [DOI: 10.1530/rep.0.1220619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
In ovarian follicles, cumulus cells provide the oocyte with small molecules that permit growth and control maturation. These nutrients reach the germinal cell through gap junction channels, which are present between the cumulus cells and the oocyte, and between the cumulus cells. In this study the involvement of intercellular communication mediated by gap junction channels on oocyte maturation of in vitro cultured bovine cumulus-oocyte complexes (COCs) was investigated. The stages of oocyte maturation were determined by Hoechst 33342 staining, which showed that 90% of COCs placed in the maturation medium for 24 h progress to the metaphase II stage. Bovine COC gap junction communication was disrupted initially using n-alkanols, which inhibit any passage through gap junctions. In the presence of 1-heptanol (3 mmol l(-1)) or octanol (3.0 mmol l(-1) and 0.3 mmol l(-1)), only 29% of the COCs reached metaphase II. Removal of the uncoupling agent was associated with restoration of oocyte maturation, indicating that treatment with n-alkanols was neither cytotoxic nor irreversible. Concentrations of connexin 43 (Cx43), the major gap junction protein expressed in the COCs, were decreased specifically using a recombinant adenovirus expressing the antisense Cx43 cDNA (Ad-asCx43). The efficacy of adenoviral infection was > 95% in cumulus cells evaluated after infection with recombinant adenoviruses expressing the green fluorescence protein. RT-PCR performed on total RNA isolated from Ad-asCx43-infected COCs showed that the rat Cx43 cDNA was transcribed. Western blot analysis revealed a three-fold decrease in Cx43 expression in COCs expressing the antisense RNA for Cx43. Injection of cumulus cells with Lucifer yellow demonstrated further that the resulting lower amount of Cx43 in infected COCs is associated with a two-fold decrease in the extent of coupling between cumulus cells. In addition, oocyte maturation was decreased by 50% in the infected COC cultures. These results indicate that Cx43-mediated communication between cumulus cells plays a crucial role in maturation of bovine oocytes.
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Dupont E, Matsushita T, Kaba RA, Vozzi C, Coppen SR, Khan N, Kaprielian R, Yacoub MH, Severs NJ. Altered connexin expression in human congestive heart failure. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2001; 33:359-71. [PMID: 11162139 DOI: 10.1006/jmcc.2000.1308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 216] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Congestive heart failure is associated with a high risk of life-threatening ventricular re-entrant arrhythmias. Down-regulation of the principal gap-junctional protein of the ventricular myocytes, connexin43, has previously been implicated in arrhythmia in ischaemic heart disease, but it is not known whether connexin43 is similarly reduced in heart failure due to idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy, whether disease-related connexin43 down-regulation occurs at the level of transcription or translation, or whether the expression of other connexin isotypes is altered in congestive heart failure. We therefore investigated the expression of the four connexins expressed in the heart-connexins 43, 40, 45 and 37-at the mRNA and protein levels in explanted hearts from transplant patients with end-stage heart failure (NYHA class 4) by immunoconfocal analysis, and northern and western blotting. Connexin43 mRNA and protein were markedly downregulated in the left ventricle in end-stage heart failure due both to ischaemic cardiomyopathy and idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy. Connexin43 content was spatially heterogeneous in the diseased ventricle. Connexin40 mRNA was increased in the ischaemic group, more so in the left ventricle than the right. This correlated with an increased depth of connexin40 protein expression in myocytes at the endocardial surface. Connexin45 mRNA and protein, present only in very low quantities, followed a similar trend to connexin43, while connexin37 (exclusively expressed in endothelium) showed no change. Our findings show that congestive heart failure is associated with significantly reduced levels of the principal gap junction protein, connexin43, in the left ventricle, potentially contributing to enhanced arrhythmogenicity and contractile dysfunction. This down-regulation is due predominantly to a reduced transcript steady-state level. Elevated connexin40 may represent a compensatory response that improves the spread of depolarization in the otherwise compromised ischaemic ventricle.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Dupont
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College of Science, Technology and Medicine, London, UK
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Senn A, Vozzi C, Chanson A, De Grandi P, Germond M. Prospective randomized study of two cryopreservation policies avoiding embryo selection: the pronucleate stage leads to a higher cumulative delivery rate than the early cleavage stage. Fertil Steril 2000; 74:946-52. [PMID: 11056238 DOI: 10.1016/s0015-0282(00)01603-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare the cumulative live birth rates obtained after cryopreservation of either pronucleate (PN) zygotes or early-cleavage (EC) embryos. DESIGN Prospective randomized study. SETTING University hospital. PATIENT(S) Three hundred eighty-two patients, involved in an IVF/ICSI program from January 1993 to December 1995, who had their supernumerary embryos cryopreserved either at the PN (group I) or EC (group II) stage. For 89 patients, cryopreservation of EC embryos was canceled because of poor embryo development (group III). Frozen-thawed embryo transfers performed up to December 1998 were considered. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) Age, oocytes, zygotes, cryopreserved and transferred embryos, damage after thawing, cumulative embryo scores, implantation, and cumulative live birth rates. RESULT(S) The clinical pregnancy and live birth rates were similar in all groups after fresh embryo transfers. Significantly higher implantation (10.5% vs. 5.9%) and pregnancy rates (19.5% vs. 10.9%; P< or = .02 per transfer after cryopreserved embryo transfers were obtained in group I versus group II, leading to higher cumulative pregnancy (55.5% vs. 38.6%; P < or = .002 and live birth rates (46.9% vs. 27.7%; P< or = .0001. CONCLUSION(S) The transfer of a maximum of three unselected embryos and freezing of all supernumerary PN zygotes can be safely done with significantly higher cumulative pregnancy chances than cryopreserving at a later EC stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Senn
- Reproductive Medicine Unit, Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne, Switzerland.
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Wholey MH, Wholey M, Mathias K, Roubin GS, Diethrich EB, Henry M, Bailey S, Bergeron P, Dorros G, Eles G, Gaines P, Gomez CR, Gray B, Guimaraens J, Higashida R, Ho DS, Katzen B, Kambara A, Kumar V, Laborde JC, Leon M, Lim M, Londero H, Mesa J, Musacchio A, Myla S, Ramee S, Rodriquez A, Rosenfield K, Sakai N, Shawl F, Sievert H, Teitelbaum G, Theron JG, Vaclav P, Vozzi C, Yadav JS, Yoshimura SI. Global experience in cervical carotid artery stent placement. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv 2000; 50:160-7. [PMID: 10842380 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1522-726x(200006)50:2<160::aid-ccd2>3.0.co;2-e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 342] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this article is to review and update the current status of carotid artery stent placement in the world. Surveys to major interventional centers in Europe, North and South America, and Asia were initially completed in June 1997. Subsequent information from these 24 centers in addition to 12 new centers has been obtained to update the information. The survey asked the various questions regarding the patients enrolled, procedure techniques, and results of carotid stenting, including complications and restenosis. The total number of endovascular carotid stent procedures that have been performed worldwide to date included 5,210 procedures involving 4,757 patients. There was a technical success of 98.4% with 5,129 carotid arteries treated. Complications that occurred during the carotid stent placement or within a 30-day period following placement were recorded. Overall, there were 134 transient ischemic attacks (TIAs) for a rate of 2.82%. Based on the total patient population, there were 129 minor strokes with a rate of occurrence of 2.72%. The total number of major strokes was 71 for a rate of 1.49%. There were 41 deaths within a 30-day postprocedure period resulting in a mortality rate of 0.86%. The combined minor and major strokes and procedure-related death rate was 5.07%. Restenosis rates of carotid stenting have been 1.99% and 3.46% at 6 and 12 months, respectively. The rate of neurologic events after stent placement has been 1.42% at 6-12-month follow-up. Endovascular stent treatment of carotid artery atherosclerotic disease is growing as an alternative for vascular surgery, especially for patients that are high risk for standard carotid endarterectomy. The periprocedure risks for major and minor strokes and death are generally acceptable at this early stage of development and have not changed significantly since the first survey results. Cathet. Cardiovasc. Intervent. 50:160-167, 2000.
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Affiliation(s)
- M H Wholey
- Department of Cardiovascular and Interventional Radiology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, 78284, USA.
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Vozzi C, Formenton A, Chanson A, Senn A, Sahli R, Germond M, Haefliger JA. O-070. Involvement of connexin43, a gap junction protein, in oocyte maturation. Hum Reprod 1999. [DOI: 10.1093/humrep/14.suppl_3.38] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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40
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Abstract
Electrical coupling in the heart is mediated by gap junctions, aggregates of cell-to-cell channels composed of connexins. The principal cardiac gap-junctional connexin, connexin43 (Cx43), is reduced in diseased human myocardium that is prone to arrhythmia. Three additional connexin isoforms, Cx40, Cx45 and Cx37, of distinctive functional capacities in vitro, are expressed in cardiovascular cells, but our knowledge of their expression patterns in the human heart is fragmentary. In the present study, we therefore applied Northern blotting, Western blotting and immunoconfocal microscopy to analyse and compare the expression of Cx43, Cx40, Cx37 and Cx45 mRNA and protein in the human left ventricle, right ventricle, left atrium and right atrium of the human heart. Cx43 was confirmed to be abundantly expressed at similar levels by myocytes in all four chambers. Cx40 levels varied between chambers in the order right atrium >left atrium >/= right ventricle approximately left ventricle. Cx37 (exclusively expressed in the endothelium) was expressed at similar overall levels in all chambers (as judged from Northern blots). Cx45 was detectable only at very low levels, with a trend toward higher levels in the atria than the ventricles in a pattern similar to Cx40. The results indicate that in humans, the ventricles and atria have distinctive connexin expression profiles, and that the atrial-type connexin profile is more pronounced in the right atrium than the left atrium. While the ventricular connexin expression pattern resembles that of other mammalian species, atrial connexin expression shows greater species variation. These differences contribute to the interpretative framework for examining the potential role of altered connexin expression in ventricular and atrial arrhythmia in the human heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Vozzi
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College of Science, Technology and Medicine, London, UK
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41
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Wholey MH, Wholey M, Bergeron P, Diethrich EB, Henry M, Laborde JC, Mathias K, Myla S, Roubin GS, Shawl F, Theron JG, Yadav JS, Dorros G, Guimaraens J, Higashida R, Kumar V, Leon M, Lim M, Londero H, Mesa J, Ramee S, Rodriguez A, Rosenfield K, Teitelbaum G, Vozzi C. Current global status of carotid artery stent placement. Cathet Cardiovasc Diagn 1998; 44:1-6. [PMID: 9600512 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1097-0304(199805)44:1<1::aid-ccd1>3.0.co;2-b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 222] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Our purpose was to review the current status of carotid artery stent placement throughout the world. Surveys were sent to major interventional centers in Europe, North and South America, and Asia. Information from peer-reviewed journals was also included and supplemented the survey. The survey asked various questions regarding the patients enrolled, procedure techniques, and results of carotid stenting, including complications and restenosis. Of the centers which were sent surveys, 24 responded. The total number of endovascular carotid stent procedures that have been performed worldwide to date included 2,048 cases, with a technical success of 98.6%. Complications that occurred during carotid stent placement or within a 30-day period following placement were recorded. Overall, there were 63 minor strokes, with a rate of occurrence of 3.08%. The total number of major strokes was 27, for a rate of 1.32%. There were 28 deaths within a 30-day postprocedure period, resulting in a mortality rate of 1.37%. Restenosis rates of carotid stenting have been 4.80% at 6 mo. Endovascular stent treatment of carotid artery atherosclerotic disease is growing as an alternative to vascular surgery, especially for patients that are at high risk for standard carotid endarterectomy. The periprocedural risks for major and minor strokes and death are generally acceptable at this early stage of development.
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Affiliation(s)
- M H Wholey
- Louisiana State University Medical Center, New Orleans 70123, USA
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42
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Kilarski WM, Dupont E, Coppen S, Yeh HI, Vozzi C, Gourdie RG, Rezapour M, Ulmsten U, Roomans GM, Severs NJ. Identification of two further gap-junctional proteins, connexin40 and connexin45, in human myometrial smooth muscle cells at term. Eur J Cell Biol 1998; 75:1-8. [PMID: 9523149 DOI: 10.1016/s0171-9335(98)80040-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The powerful synchronous contractions of the uterus in labor depend on electrical coupling of myometrial smooth muscle cells by gap junctions. In humans and other mammals, gap junctions are scarce in the myometrium of the non-pregnant uterus, but become abundant at term and/or with the onset of labor. Previous work has shown that the gap-junctional protein (connexin) expressed by human myometrial smooth muscle cells is connexin43, the same connexin type that predominates in cardiac muscle. Here we show that two further gap junctional proteins, connexin40 and connexin45, are expressed by the myometrial smooth muscle cells of the human uterus at term. Transcripts encoding the human isoforms of these connexins were demonstrated by Northern blot analysis, and immunoconfocal microscopy enabled precise localization of the corresponding proteins to punctate contact points (i.e., gap junctions) between interacting smooth muscle cells. Double labeling demonstrated that, while some fluorescent spots comprise only connexin43, both connexin40 and connexin45 predominantly colocalize to connexin43-positive fluorescent spots. Triple labeling revealed that where all three connexin types were expressed, they frequently localized to the same gap junction spot. As gap-junctional channels composed of different connexin types have been demonstrated in vitro to have different functional properties, multiple connexin expression may contribute to modulation of gap junction function in human myometrial smooth muscle cells in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- W M Kilarski
- Imperial College School of Medicine, National Heart and Lung Institute, London, UK
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43
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Abstract
To assess whether cell to cell communications via connexins (Cx) participate to insulin secretion in vivo, we studied insulinoma cells (INS1) implanted in rats after stable transfection with connexin 43 (Cx43). We found that compared to wild-type and transfected cells, which in vivo express modest levels of Cx43 and junctional communication, cells overexpressing Cx43 communicated extensively, featured decreased growth, and induced a much higher hyperinsulinemia. As a result, rats with insulinomas made of these cells became more severely hypoglycemic than rats implanted with either wild-type, neomycin-transfected cells or cells transfected with a Cx43 antisense complementary DNA. Rats implanted with transfected cells that expressed modest level of Cx43 showed levels of circulating insulin similar to those in rats implanted with wild-type INS1 cells. The data show that overexpression of Cx43 influences the growth and secretion of the implanted insulinoma cells, providing evidence for a contribution of Cx-mediated cell to cell communication in the functioning of insulin-producing cells in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Vozzi
- Department of Morphology, University of Geneva Medical School, Switzerland
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Vozzi C, Ullrich S, Charollais A, Philippe J, Orci L, Meda P. Adequate connexin-mediated coupling is required for proper insulin production. J Biophys Biochem Cytol 1995; 131:1561-72. [PMID: 8522612 PMCID: PMC2120652 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.131.6.1561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
To assess whether connexin (Cx) expression contributes to insulin secretion, we have investigated normal and tumoral insulin-producing cells for connexins, gap junctions, and coupling. We have found that the glucose-sensitive cells of pancreatic islets and of a rat insulinoma are functionally coupled by gap junctions made of Cx43. In contrast, cells of several lines secreting insulin abnormally do not express Cx43, gap junctions, and coupling. After correction of these defects by stable transfection of Cx43 cDNA, cells expressing modest levels of Cx43 and coupling, as observed in native beta-cells, showed an expression of the insulin gene and an insulin content that were markedly elevated, compared with those observed in both wild-type (uncoupled) cells and in transfected cells overexpressing Cx43. These findings indicate that adequate levels of Cx-mediated coupling are required for proper insulin production and storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Vozzi
- Department of Morphology, University of Geneva Medical School, Switzerland
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Salomon D, Chanson M, Vischer S, Masgrau E, Vozzi C, Saurat JH, Spray DC, Meda P. Gap junctional communication of primary human keratinocytes: characterization by dual voltage clamp and dye transfer. Exp Cell Res 1992; 201:452-61. [PMID: 1639140 DOI: 10.1016/0014-4827(92)90294-i] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
We have compared dye coupling in pairs of small (less than 10 microns in diameter) and large (greater than 20 microns in diameter) keratinocytes isolated from normal human epidermis, using Lucifer yellow microinjection. Under control conditions, dye coupling was found in only 1 out of the 25 small pairs tested, whereas it was evident in 75% of the large pairs (n = 52). After a 30-min incubation of the latter pairs in the presence of 10(-6) and 10(-4) M all-transretinoic acid (RA), the percentage of coupling was 53% (n = 15; NS) and 7% (n = 14; P less than 0.001), respectively. The almost complete uncoupling observed after 10(-4) M RA was not reversible even 30 min after return to control medium (n = 8). Dual whole-cell patch-clamp recordings from large keratinocyte pairs showed a macroscopic junctional conductance (gj) of 9 +/- 2 nS (n = 43), which was abolished by heptanol (3.5 mM) in a fully reversible way. Compared to heptanol, 10(-4) M RA abolished keratinocyte gj more slowly and irreversibly (n = 10). By contrast, 10(-6) M RA had no significant effect on gj (n = 8). Single-gap junctional channels were also identified between large keratinocytes. Events histograms of 152 transitions from three experiments revealed three main unitary conductances (gamma j) of 45 +/- 4, 78 +/- 4, and 106 +/- 7 pS. The dye coupling results indicate that junctional communication is markedly different in pairs of small and large cells, which showed the phenotype and keratin markers of basal and suprabasal keratinocytes, respectively. In the latter cell type, coupling is ensured by channels of three sizes and is blocked irreversibly by pharmacologic concentrations of RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Salomon
- Clinic of Dermatology, University of Geneva, Medical School, Switzerland
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Raggenbass M, Vozzi C, Tribollet E, Dubois-Dauphin M, Dreifuss JJ. Thyrotropin-releasing hormone causes direct excitation of dorsal vagal and solitary tract neurones in rat brainstem slices. Brain Res 1990; 530:85-90. [PMID: 2125519 DOI: 10.1016/0006-8993(90)90659-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The effect of thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) on neurones in the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus and the nucleus of the solitary tract was studied using extracellular single-unit recordings from brainstem slices of the rat. About one third of vagal neurones were excited by TRH. The remaining neurones were unaffected. The lowest effective peptide concentration was around 10 nM and a half maximal effect was achieved at about 100 nM. The action of TRH persisted in a low-calcium, high-magnesium solution which blocks synaptic transmission. The biologically inactive compound, TRH-free acid, was without effect. In the nucleus of the solitary tract, one fourth of the neurones were excited by TRH; none were inhibited by this peptide. Part of the vagal TRH-responsive neurones were also excited by oxytocin and some of the solitary tract neurones sensitive to TRH also responded to vasopressin. We conclude that a fraction of neurones located in the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus and the nucleus of the solitary tract possess functional TRH receptors. TRH may thus act as a neurotransmitter or neuromodulator in the dorsal brainstem and may participate in the regulation of autonomic functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Raggenbass
- Department of Physiology, University Medical Center, Geneva, Switzerland
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