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Rebafka A, Bennett C, Dunn C, Roche D, Hawker C, Edwards D. Lung transplant recipients' experiences of and attitudes towards self-management: a qualitative systematic review. JBI Evid Synth 2024:02174543-990000000-00311. [PMID: 38757171 DOI: 10.11124/jbies-23-00070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this review was to identify lung transplant recipients' experiences of and attitudes towards self-management. INTRODUCTION Lung transplantation is an established treatment to improve the survival of patients with end-stage lung diseases and has been performed on over 40,000 patients worldwide. The current focus of care for lung transplant recipients is on their long-term management. Patients need to adapt and adhere to complex self-management tasks to prevent complications and to enable them to keep the transplanted graft as long as possible. However, to date, no qualitative systematic review exists that identifies lung transplant recipients' experiences of and attitudes towards self-management. INCLUSION CRITERIA This review included adults over 18 years of age who had received a lung transplant and were able to perform their self-management tasks independently. All studies that investigated lung transplant recipients' experiences of and attitudes towards self-management in any setting were included in this review. All types of studies that focused on qualitative data, including, but not limited to, phenomenology, grounded theory, ethnography, action research, and feminist research were considered for inclusion. Mixed methods studies were included only when qualitative data could be extracted separately, and if they reported results relating to the phenomena of interest. Studies published in English or German were considered for inclusion in this review. METHODS The search strategy aimed to find published studies from 6 databases from the database inception to March 2022. Methodological quality of studies was independently assessed by 2 independent reviewers using the JBI checklist for qualitative research. A standardized data extraction tool from JBI was used by 2 reviewers for data collection. Meta-aggregation was undertaken to synthesize the data, and the final synthesis of the findings was reached through discussion. Results were graded according to ConQual. RESULTS Ten studies with a sample size from 8 to 73 participants from North America and Central/Northern Europe were included in the review. The critical appraisal scores of the included studies varied from 3 to 9 out of 10. A total of 137 findings were extracted and aggregated to form 19 categories and the following 4 aggregated syntheses: i) Changes in routines, beliefs, and sense of responsibility are essential for better adaptation and self-management after lung transplantation; ii) Life after transplantation is characterized by both positive and negative feelings and experiences; iii) Better adjustment and self-management after a lung transplant require dealing with one's own feelings and beliefs; iv) After transplantation, engaging with relatives, friends, medical team and donors is essential to improve experiences and adapt to being a transplant recipient. Based on the ConQual scores, 2 synthesized findings were graded as moderate and 2 as low. CONCLUSIONS Nuanced emotional, social, relational, and psychological adjustment is required of lung transplant recipients to be able to successfully self-manage. Loved ones and health professionals contribute significantly to this process, but psychosocial or peer support may further facilitate this transition. SUPPLEMENTAL DIGITAL CONTENT A German-language version of the abstract of this review is available as Supplemental Digital Content [http://links.lww.com/SRX/A46].
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Rebafka
- The Wales Centre for Evidence Based Care: A JBI Centre of Excellence, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
- Center for Medicine, Medical Center, University Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Institute of Nursing Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Clare Bennett
- The Wales Centre for Evidence Based Care: A JBI Centre of Excellence, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Catherine Dunn
- The Wales Centre for Evidence Based Care: A JBI Centre of Excellence, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Dominic Roche
- The Wales Centre for Evidence Based Care: A JBI Centre of Excellence, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Clare Hawker
- The Wales Centre for Evidence Based Care: A JBI Centre of Excellence, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Deborah Edwards
- The Wales Centre for Evidence Based Care: A JBI Centre of Excellence, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
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Brimble MJ, Anstey S, Davies J, Dunn C. An exploration of managing emotional labour and maintaining professional integrity in children's hospice nursing. Int J Palliat Nurs 2024; 30:180-188. [PMID: 38630645 DOI: 10.12968/ijpn.2024.30.4.180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Research exploring nurse-parent relationships in children's hospices is rare. AIM To investigate how children's hospice nurses manage emotional labour and professional integrity in their long-term relationships with parents. METHODS A purposive sample of six children's nurses, from hospices across England, recorded audio diaries and participated in telephone interviews. Narratives were thematically analysed. FINDINGS Three overarching, cross-cutting themes were identified-purposeful positioning; balancing personability and professionalism; coping with and counterbalancing emotional labour. All themes were indicative of and/or built upon emotional intelligence constructs, such as self-awareness, self-regulation, appropriate (managed) empathy, social skills and intrinsic motivation. Innate features of children's hospice work were important for perpetuating intrinsic motivation and satisfaction. CONCLUSION This study provided an insight into the management of emotional labour and professional integrity by experienced children's hospice nurses. The identification of emotional intelligence skills merits further exploration in this environment, as well as other children's palliative care settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mandy J Brimble
- Senior Lecturer, Cardiff University School of Healthcare Sciences
| | - Sally Anstey
- Emeritus Reader, Cardiff University School of Healthcare Sciences
| | - Jane Davies
- Honorary Senior Research Fellow, Cardiff University School of Healthcare Sciences
| | - Catherine Dunn
- Lecturer, Cardiff University School of Healthcare Sciences
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Dunn C. Gender disparity of invited speakers at the American Association of Orthodontists Annual Session: A cross-sectional analysis 2015-2023. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2024; 165:197-204. [PMID: 37815778 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2023.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The American Association of Orthodontists (AAO) Annual Session aims to educate members using expert speakers in the field. Selection to speak is an honor and can help further an orthodontist's career and credibility. A European study found a significant gender discrepancy in selected speakers at their orthodontic meeting. This has not been investigated in the United States. METHODS Speaker names from the 2015-2023 AAO Annual Sessions were obtained and analyzed for gender and then compared with active membership and orthodontic faculty percentages. In addition, the gender of each General Chair and Doctors' Program Chair was analyzed and then compared with the female speaker and membership percentages. Because AAO research award winners are selected blindly, show expertise in the field, and are provided an opportunity to speak at the Annual Session, their gender was also confirmed and compared with membership percentage and female speaker percentage. Two-way chi-square tests were used, and P values of <0.05 were considered statistically significant. Mann-Kendall trend tests analyzed any potential changes in gender representation among AAO active memberships and AAO Annual Session speakers. RESULTS Female doctors were underrepresented as speakers (P values ranged from <0.001 to <0.05) in every year studied except 2020 compared with active membership and female faculty percentages. Female doctors were also significantly underrepresented as Annual Session General Chairs and Doctors' Program Chairs (P <0.01). The difference in female doctor representation among research awards winners (63%) compared with the Annual Session speakers (19%) was highly significant. Female representation in AAO active membership shows a significant increase from 2015 to 2023. The ratio of female-to-male speakers appears to be increasing but did not reach statistical significance. CONCLUSIONS Female doctors are underrepresented as selected speakers at the AAO Annual Session but comprise the majority of research award recipients. Efforts to provide opportunities for women to showcase their knowledge should be implemented.
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Jane Brimble M, Anstey S, Davies J, Dunn C, Jones A. Using mobile phones, WhatsApp and phone interviews to explore how children's hospice nurses manage long-term relationships with parents: a feasibility pilot. Nurse Res 2022; 30:24-30. [PMID: 35924396 DOI: 10.7748/nr.2022.e1849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mobile phones are familiar to most nurses, but the applications available for voice recording and transfer of audio files in research may not be. AIM To provide an overview of a pilot study which trialled the use of mobile phones, WhatsApp and phone interviews as a safe and reliable means of collecting data. DISCUSSION A pilot study was designed to test the use of: mobile phones as a safe and reliable way to record audio diaries as research data; WhatsApp to transmit the audio files; and phone interviews to explore them. Undertaking the pilot demonstrated that the tools proposed for collecting data were useable and acceptable to the target population and that the researcher's guidance for doing so was satisfactory. CONCLUSION New technologies enable innovation but trialling them for useability is important. Confidentiality and consent need to be carefully managed when using WhatsApp to ensure a study is compliant with data protection regulations. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE Collection of research data digitally and remotely has become increasingly mainstream and relied on during the COVID 19 pandemic. The methods discussed in this article provide solutions for timely data collection that are particularly useful when the researcher is geographically distant from participants. The 'in the moment' reflective nature of the audio diaries could also be applicable to non-research settings - for example, as a method of assisting ongoing professional development and/or collection of reflective accounts.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sally Anstey
- School of Healthcare Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, Wales
| | - Jane Davies
- School of Healthcare Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, Wales
| | - Catherine Dunn
- School of Healthcare Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, Wales
| | - Aled Jones
- School of Healthcare Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, Wales
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To YH, Degeling K, McCoy M, Wong R, Jones I, Dunn C, Hong W, Loft M, Gibbs P, Tie J. Real‐world adjuvant chemotherapy treatment patterns and outcomes over time for resected stage II and III colorectal cancer. Asia Pac J Clin Oncol 2022; 19:392-402. [DOI: 10.1111/ajco.13885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yat Hang To
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute Melbourne Victoria Australia
| | - Koen Degeling
- Cancer Health Services Research Centre for Cancer Faculty of Medicine Dentistry and Health Sciences University of Melbourne Melbourne Victoria Australia
- Cancer Health Services Research Centre for Health Policy Melbourne School of Population and Global Health Faculty of Medicine Dentistry and Health Sciences University of Melbourne Melbourne Victoria Australia
| | - Melanie McCoy
- Colorectal Research Unit St John of God Subiaco Hospital Subiaco Western Australia Australia
- Medical School University of Western Australia Crawley Western Australia Australia
| | - Rachel Wong
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute Melbourne Victoria Australia
- Department of Medical Oncology Eastern Health Melbourne Victoria Australia
- Eastern Health Clinical School Monash University Melbourne Victoria Australia
- Epworth Healthcare Melbourne Victoria Australia
| | - Ian Jones
- Department of Surgery University of Melbourne Parkville Victoria Australia
- Colorectal Surgery Unit Department of General Surgery Royal Melbourne Hospital Parkville Victoria Australia
| | - Catherine Dunn
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute Melbourne Victoria Australia
| | - Wei Hong
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute Melbourne Victoria Australia
- Department of Medical Oncology LaTrobe Regional Hospital Traralgon Victoria Australia
- Department of Medical Oncology St Vincent's Hospital Fitzroy Victoria Australia
| | - Matthew Loft
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute Melbourne Victoria Australia
- Department of Medical Biology University of Melbourne Melbourne Victoria Australia
| | - Peter Gibbs
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute Melbourne Victoria Australia
- Department of Medical Oncology Western Health Melbourne Victoria Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences University of Melbourne Melbourne Victoria Australia
| | - Jeanne Tie
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute Melbourne Victoria Australia
- Department of Medical Oncology Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre Parkville Victoria Australia
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Dunn C, Gately L, Gibbs P. Early Death After Chemotherapy as a Quality Indicator-Is It Time to Bench the Benchmark? JAMA Oncol 2022; 8:1559-1560. [PMID: 35980644 DOI: 10.1001/jamaoncol.2022.1856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
This Viewpoint examines chemotherapy at the end of life as a quality metric.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Dunn
- Personalised Medicine Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Lucy Gately
- Personalised Medicine Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Peter Gibbs
- Personalised Medicine Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Schrobilgen A, Lo A, Chandani B, Foss M, Vesely N, Dunn C, Aneja S, Solomon J. 319 The utilization of 3-dimensional imaging to establish a standardized acne severity scale. J Invest Dermatol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2022.05.327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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McKenzie J, Kosmider S, Wong R, To Y, Shapiro J, Dunn C, Burge M, Hong W, Caird S, Lim S, Wong H, Lee B, Gibbs P, Wong V. P-187 Epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitors (EGFRi) in patients with left-side, RAS wildtype metastatic colorectal cancer: Clinician use and outcomes for patients. Ann Oncol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2022.04.277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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Dunn C, Gately L, Gibbs P. Comment on Timing of Surgery For Patients With Rectal Cancers Not Responding to Preoperative Chemoradiation. JAMA Surg 2022; 157:548-549. [PMID: 35195706 DOI: 10.1001/jamasurg.2021.7590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Dunn
- Personalised Medicine Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Lucy Gately
- Personalised Medicine Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Peter Gibbs
- Personalised Medicine Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Ramanujam S, Dunn C, Antippa P, Kosmider S, To YH, Lee M, Wong V, Caird S, Shapiro JD, McKendrick JJ, Wong HL, Ma B, Lim SHS, Torres J, Zimet AS, Lee B, Gibbs P. Long-term survival outcomes following resection of lung metastases (LM) from a colorectal primary. J Clin Oncol 2022. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2022.40.4_suppl.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
50 Background: Liver metastatectomy in oligometastatic colorectal cancer (CRC) can result in long-term disease control1. The benefit of resecting LM is unclear, with good survival outcomes from medical therapy (MT) alone and a recent randomised controlled trial failed to demonstrate an overall survival (OS) benefit2. Methods: We examined TRACC (Treatment of Recurrent and Advanced Colorectal Cancer), a multisite registry for metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) patients (pts) from September 2002 – July 2021, focusing on the longer-term outcomes for pts with lung only metastatic disease (LOM). Key clinicopathological, treatment and outcome variables were analysed. Survival outcomes were determined by Kaplan-Meier method. Results: Of 3928 pts, 341 (8.7%) had LOM. The median OS was significantly improved for LOM vs. all mCRC pts (44.5 months vs. 24.8 months, p = <0.0001). Of 341 LOM pts, 142 (42%) had lung resection (LRes),128 (38%) had MT, 71 (20%) best supportive care. Key clinicopathological characteristics are summarised in Table. OS was significantly longer for LRes vs. MT (3yrs-80.1% vs. 41.9%, p = <0.0001, 5 yrs-65.2% vs. 21.1%, p = 0.0001). 10 yr survival for LRes was 50%, with no survivors from MT. The median palliative chemotherapy free interval was 13 months (95% CI 3.1 – 18.7) with recurrence after LRes/death. 20/142 (14%) of the LRes pts had recurrent LRes (median time to repeat resection of 11.4 months, median survival of 66.9 months from repeat LRes). Conclusions: LM from mCRC have an indolent course, with good survival outcomes with MT alone. LRes provides a clinically meaningful palliative chemotherapy free interval and long term survival in selected pts. Significant differences in prognostic factors may have contributed to the observed survival differences between LRes and MT. Reference Dexiang Z, Li R, Ye W, Haifu W, Yunshi Z, Qinghai y, Shenyong Z, Bo X, Li L, Xiangou P, Haohao L, Lehi Y, Tianshu L, Jia f, Xinyu Q, Jianmin X. Outcome of patients with colorectal liver metastasis: analysis of 1,613 consecutive cases. Ann Surg Oncol. 2012 Sep;19(9):2860-8. doi:10.1245/s10434-012-2356-9.Epub 2012 Apr 12. PMID: 22526903. Treasure, T., Farewell, V., Macbeth, F. et al. Pulmonary Metastatectomy versus Continued Active Monitoring in Colorectal Cancer (PulMiCC): a multicentre randomised clinical trial. Trials 20,718 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1186/s13063-019-3837-y [Table: see text]
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Catherine Dunn
- Walter and Eliza Hall Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Phillip Antippa
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | | | - Yat Hang To
- Personalised Oncology Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Margaret Lee
- Department of Medical Oncology, Western Health, Eastern Health, Eastern Health Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Vanessa Wong
- Walter and Eliza Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Susan Caird
- Gold Coast University Hospital, Gold Coast, Australia
| | | | | | - Hui-Li Wong
- Department of Medical Oncology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre and Personalised Oncology Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Brigette Ma
- Prince of Wales Hospital and The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Stephanie Hui-Su Lim
- Macarthur Cancer Therapy Centre, Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Western Sydney University, Sydney, Australia
| | | | | | - Belinda Lee
- Northern Health, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Peter Gibbs
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research & University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
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Wong V, Hong W, Ananda S, Dunn C, Wong R, To YH, Burge ME, Nott LM, Tie J, Shapiro JD, Jennens R, Khattak MA, Roohullah A, Gibbs P. Options beyond BRAF targeted therapy in second-line treatment of patients with BRAFV600E mutant (BRAFmt) metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). J Clin Oncol 2022. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2022.40.4_suppl.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
47 Background: BRAFmt is a negative prognostic factor in mCRC but also identifies a patient population that may benefit from BRAF targeted therapy. Results from recent trials (BEACON and SWOG1406) demonstrate improved survival outcomes in second- and third-line settings when combining a BRAF inhibitor, an EGFR inhibitor (EGFRi) +/- a MEK inhibitor. In both trials, irinotecan and cetuximab was the control arm with a dismal response rate of 2-4% and progression free survival (PFS) of only 2 months. This suggests chemotherapy plus an EGFRi may not be the optimal approach where BRAF-targeted therapies are not available or have failed. Methods: Data from July 2009 to September 2021 was analysed from TRACC, a multi-site Australian mCRC comprehensive prospective registry enrolling consecutive patients. Patient characteristics, treatment and survival outcomes were examined for patients treated with chemotherapy (CT) alone, with bevacizumab (BEV) or with an EGFRi. Results: Of 2046 registry patients, 256 (13%) harboured a BRAFmt. 72 BRAFmt patients had received second-line (28%) treatment, including CT alone (n = 28), CT plus BEV (n = 26), and CT plus EGFRi (n = 18). Baseline characteristics are shown in the table. Median second-line PFS was 3.3, 4.7 and 1.8 months, for CT alone, CT plus BEV and CT plus EGFRi respectively. Median overall survival (OS) was 8.7, 7.9 and 2.5 months respectively. In multivariate analysis, PFS when treated with CT plus EGFRi trended inferior to CT alone (p = 0.054) and CT plus BEV (p = 0.061), whereas for OS, treatment with CT plus EGFRi was inferior to CT alone (p = 0.038) and CT plus BEV (p = 0.015). Poor PFS was associated with age ≥ 65 years (HR 3.03, p < 0.001) and ECOG ≥ 2 (HR 2.62, p = 0.004), but not associated with a right side primary (p = 0.17), mismatch repair (MMR) status (p = 0.86), or ≥ 3 organs with metastases (p = 0.32). Poor OS was associated with age ≥ 65 years (HR 3.11, p < 0.001), ECOG ≥ 2 (HR 7.32, p < 0.001), right side primary (HR 3.03, p = 0.002) and proficient MMR status (HR 3.57, p = 0.018), but not associated with ≥ 3 organs with metastases (p = 0.17). Conclusions: Less than one-third of BRAFmt mCRC patients received second-line therapy in a real-world setting, indicating an urgency to explore activity of BRAF targeted therapy in the first line setting. Treated patients received limited benefit, with CT plus EGFRi PFS outcomes comparable to BEACON control arm (1.8 vs 2.0 months) and trending inferior to other options. The best OS outcomes were achieved with CT alone or CT plus BEV.[Table: see text]
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Wong
- Personalised Oncology Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Australia
| | - Wei Hong
- Personalised Oncology Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Australia
| | - Sumitra Ananda
- University of Melbourne, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Catherine Dunn
- Personalised Oncology Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Rachel Wong
- Eastern Health & Epworth Healthcare & Eastern Health Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Yat Hang To
- Personalised Oncology Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Australia
| | | | | | - Jeanne Tie
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Western Health and Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Australia
| | | | | | | | | | - Peter Gibbs
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research & University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
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Dunn C, Gately L, Tie J, Nott LM, Lee B, Mendis SR, Shapiro JD, Wong V, Burge ME, Wong R, Kosmider S, Lee M, Jennens R, Gibbs P. Variable implementation of optimal therapeutic strategies in metastatic colorectal cancer: Reviewing rates of liver resection and triplet chemotherapy across Australian hospitals as potential quality indicators. J Clin Oncol 2021. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2020.39.28_suppl.248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
248 Background: Quality indicators (QI) are essential to monitor the efficacy of cancer care and to guide quality improvement, however many are derived from ‘expert consensus’ and are not validated against outcomes. Moreover, the majority of oncological QI are defined in the surgical setting, with only a paucity of QI for the treatment of metastatic disease. We aimed to define and validate novel QI for metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) based on therapeutic approaches associated with a proven survival benefit. Methods: Data was analysed from TRACC, a multisite Australian registry collecting prospective demographic, tumour, treatment and outcome data for mCRC. We identified all patients diagnosed across 11 hospitals and explored variation by site with regards to patient and tumour characteristics, first-line chemotherapy administration and resection of oligometastatic disease. Log-rank testing and Kaplan-Meier curves compare overall survival (OS) between sites, and Pearson correlation was used to assess associations with each QI. Results: We examined data from 3132 patients diagnosed with mCRC between July 2009 – April 2021. Median age was 66 years (range 62 – 71 years by site), ECOG 0-1 81% (range 69 – 96% by site), and Charlson Comorbidity Index ≤2 43% (33 – 59% by site). Multivariate analysis confirmed association of known adverse prognostic factors with inferior OS (poor ECOG, right sided primary, KRAS or BRAF mutation, all p <0.05). Median OS for entire cohort was 26.2 months (95%CI 24.9 – 27.3 months), and varied by hospital site from 20.1 – 36.1 months (p<0.001). Of the QI evaluated, rate of triplet chemotherapy (FOLFOXIRI) administration (2.8 – 13.2% by site) was very strongly correlated with OS (R2 = 0.851), rate of liver resection (9.8 – 23.2% by site) was moderately correlated (R2 = 0.523), and rates of active treatment with first-line chemotherapy (63 - 90% by site) were weakly correlated (R2 = 0.209). Other proposed QI such as rates of lung metastases resection or chemotherapy administration in the elderly showed significant variation by site, but did not correlate with survival. Conclusions: There is significant variation in OS for patients with mCRC in these Australian hospitals, with major differences in treatment approaches. Treatment strategies known to improve survival outcomes, such as triplet FOLFOXIRI chemotherapy and resection of liver metastases, may be potential QI to benchmark and track quality improvement over time. Further analysis will determine the impact of baseline patient populations between sites, and to correlate these QI with other quality measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Dunn
- Walter and Eliza Hall Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Lucy Gately
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Jeanne Tie
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia
| | | | - Belinda Lee
- Imperial College NHS Hospitals, London, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | | | - Rachel Wong
- Eastern Health, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Epworth Health and University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | | | - Margaret Lee
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Australia
| | | | - Peter Gibbs
- Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
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Dunn C, Gately L, Gibbs P. Drinking from the firehose - A clinician's perspective on the challenges of delivering biomarker-driven care in routine practice. Eur J Cancer 2021; 157:301-305. [PMID: 34555649 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2021.08.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Countless biomarkers continue to be identified and analysed in the modern era of omics focused research, with innumerable articles purporting clinical utility and bolstering optimism for truly personalised cancer care. While many commentaries have expounded on the complexities of biomarker development, validation and reporting, the monumental challenge of integrating this research into clinical practice has to date received little attention. The challenges are multitude; variable and sometimes contradictory findings across studies for individual biomarkers, a rapidly evolving landscape with new biomarkers continually being presented and tendency to examine each biomarker in isolation. Here, using examples from colorectal cancer, we explore the difficulties for the practicing clinician in interpreting and integrating novel biomarkers. Here, we present the '4Cs' to interrogate the biomarker literature, including analysis of the credibility, consistency, completeness and context of the biomarker research, and suggest a framework to frame the literature moving forward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Dunn
- Personalised Medicine Division, Walter and Eliza Hall, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
| | - Lucy Gately
- Personalised Medicine Division, Walter and Eliza Hall, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Peter Gibbs
- Personalised Medicine Division, Walter and Eliza Hall, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; University of Melbourne, Department of Medicine, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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Jalali A, Gard G, Banks S, Dunn C, Wong HL, Wong R, Lee M, Gately L, Loft M, Shapiro JD, Kosmider S, Tie J, Ananda S, Yeung JM, Jennens R, Lee B, McKendrick J, Lim L, Khattak A, Gibbs P. Initial experience of TAS-102 chemotherapy in Australian patients with Chemo-refractory metastatic colorectal cancer. Curr Probl Cancer 2021; 46:100793. [PMID: 34565601 DOI: 10.1016/j.currproblcancer.2021.100793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
For patients with refractory metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) treatment with Trifluridine/Tipiracil, also known as TAS-102, improves overall survival. This study aims to investigate the efficacy and safety of TAS-102 in a real-world population from Victoria, Australia. A retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data from the Treatment of Recurrent and Advanced Colorectal Cancer (TRACC) registry was undertaken. The characteristics and outcomes of patients receiving TAS-102 were assessed and compared to those enrolled in the registration study (RECOURSE). Across 13 sites, 107 patients were treated with TAS-102. The median age was 60 years (range: 31-83), compared to 63 for RECOURSE. Comparing registry TAS-102-treated and RECOURSE patients, 75% vs 100% were ECOG performance status 0-1, 74% vs 79% had initiated treatment more than 18 months from diagnosis of metastatic disease and 36% vs 49% were RAS wild-type. Median time on treatment was 10.4 weeks (range: 1.7-32). Median progression-free survival (PFS) was 3.3 months compared to 2 months in RECOURSE, while median overall survival was the same at 7.1 months. Two patients (2.3%) had febrile neutropenia and there were no treatment-related deaths, where TAS-102 dose at treatment initiation was at clinician discretion.TRACC registry patients treated with TAS-102 were younger than those from the RECOURSE trial, with similar overall survival observed. Less strict application of RECIST criteria and less frequent imaging may have contributed to an apparently longer PFS.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Jalali
- Division of Personalised Oncology, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, VIC, Australia; Department of Medical Oncology, Western Health, VIC, Australia; Department of Medical Oncology, Latrobe Regional Hospital, VIC, Australia.
| | - G Gard
- Division of Personalised Oncology, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, VIC, Australia
| | - S Banks
- Division of Personalised Oncology, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, VIC, Australia
| | - C Dunn
- Division of Personalised Oncology, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, VIC, Australia
| | - H L Wong
- Division of Personalised Oncology, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, VIC, Australia; Department of Medical Oncology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, VIC, Australia
| | - R Wong
- Division of Personalised Oncology, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, VIC, Australia; Department of Medical Oncology, Eastern Health, VIC, Australia; Eastern Health Clinical School, Monash University, VIC, Australia
| | - M Lee
- Division of Personalised Oncology, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, VIC, Australia; Department of Medical Oncology, Western Health, VIC, Australia; Department of Medical Oncology, Eastern Health, VIC, Australia; Eastern Health Clinical School, Monash University, VIC, Australia
| | - L Gately
- Division of Personalised Oncology, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, VIC, Australia
| | - M Loft
- Division of Personalised Oncology, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, VIC, Australia
| | - J D Shapiro
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cabrini Hospital, VIC, Australia
| | - S Kosmider
- Department of Medical Oncology, Western Health, VIC, Australia
| | - J Tie
- Division of Personalised Oncology, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, VIC, Australia; Department of Medical Oncology, Western Health, VIC, Australia; Department of Medical Oncology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, VIC, Australia
| | - S Ananda
- Division of Personalised Oncology, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, VIC, Australia; Department of Medical Oncology, Western Health, VIC, Australia; Department of Medical Oncology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, VIC, Australia; Department of Medical Oncology, Epworth Health, VIC, Australia
| | - J M Yeung
- Department of Surgery, Western Health, University of Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Western Health Chronic Disease Alliance, Western Health, VIC, Australia
| | - R Jennens
- Department of Medical Oncology, Epworth Health, VIC, Australia
| | - B Lee
- Division of Personalised Oncology, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, VIC, Australia; Department of Medical Oncology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, VIC, Australia; Department of Medical Oncology, Northern Health, VIC, Australia
| | - J McKendrick
- Department of Medical Oncology, Eastern Health, VIC, Australia; Department of Medical Oncology, Epworth Health, VIC, Australia
| | - L Lim
- Department of Medical Oncology, Eastern Health, VIC, Australia
| | - A Khattak
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fiona Stanley Hospital, WA, Australia
| | - P Gibbs
- Division of Personalised Oncology, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, VIC, Australia; Department of Medical Oncology, Western Health, VIC, Australia
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15
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To YH, Degeling K, Kosmider S, Wong R, Lee M, Dunn C, Gard G, Jalali A, Wong V, IJzerman M, Gibbs P, Tie J. Circulating Tumour DNA as a Potential Cost-Effective Biomarker to Reduce Adjuvant Chemotherapy Overtreatment in Stage II Colorectal Cancer. Pharmacoeconomics 2021; 39:953-964. [PMID: 34089503 DOI: 10.1007/s40273-021-01047-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Substantial adjuvant chemotherapy (AC) overtreatment for stage II colorectal cancer results in a health and financial burden. Circulating tumour DNA (ctDNA) can improve patient selection for AC by detecting micro-metastatic disease. We estimated the health economic potential of ctDNA-guided AC for stage II colorectal cancer. METHODS A cost-utility analysis was performed to compare ctDNA-guided AC to standard of care, where 22.6% of standard of care patients and all ctDNA-positive patients (8.7% of tested patients) received AC and all ctDNA-negative patients (91.3%) did not. A third preference-sensitive ctDNA strategy was included where 6.8% of ctDNA-negative patients would receive AC. A state-transition model was populated using data from a prospective cohort study and clinical registries. Health and economic outcomes were discounted at 5% over a lifetime horizon from a 2019 Australian payer perspective. Extensive scenario and probabilistic analyses quantified model uncertainty. RESULTS Compared to standard of care, the ctDNA and preference-sensitive ctDNA strategies increased quality-adjusted life-years by 0.20 (95% confidence interval - 0.40 to 0.81) and 0.19 (- 0.40 to 0.78), and resulted in incremental costs of AUD - 4055 (- 16,853 to 8472) and AUD - 2284 (- 14,685 to 10,116), respectively. Circulating tumour DNA remained cost effective at a willingness to pay of AUD 20,000 per quality-adjusted life-year gained throughout most scenario analyses in which the proportion of ctDNA-positive patients cured by AC and compliance to a ctDNA-negative test results were decreased. CONCLUSIONS Circulating tumour-guided AC is a potentially cost-effective strategy towards reducing overtreatment in stage II colorectal cancer. Results from ongoing randomised clinical studies will be important to reduce uncertainty in the estimates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yat Hang To
- Personalised Oncology Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, Melbourne, VIC, 3052, Australia.
- Department of Medical Oncology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
| | - Koen Degeling
- Cancer Health Services Research, Centre for Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Cancer Health Services Research, Centre for Health Policy, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Suzanne Kosmider
- Department of Medical Oncology, Western Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Rachel Wong
- Personalised Oncology Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, Melbourne, VIC, 3052, Australia
- Department of Medical Oncology, Eastern Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Eastern Health Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Science, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Margaret Lee
- Personalised Oncology Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, Melbourne, VIC, 3052, Australia
- Department of Medical Oncology, Western Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Medical Oncology, Eastern Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Eastern Health Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Science, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Catherine Dunn
- Personalised Oncology Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, Melbourne, VIC, 3052, Australia
- Department of Medical Oncology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Grace Gard
- Personalised Oncology Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, Melbourne, VIC, 3052, Australia
- Department of Medical Oncology, Western Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Azim Jalali
- Personalised Oncology Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, Melbourne, VIC, 3052, Australia
- Department of Medical Oncology, Western Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Medical Oncology, LaTrobe Regional Hospital, Traralgon, VIC, Australia
| | - Vanessa Wong
- Personalised Oncology Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, Melbourne, VIC, 3052, Australia
- Department of Medical Oncology, Ballarat Health, Ballarat, VIC, Australia
| | - Maarten IJzerman
- Cancer Health Services Research, Centre for Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Cancer Health Services Research, Centre for Health Policy, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Cancer Research, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Peter Gibbs
- Personalised Oncology Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, Melbourne, VIC, 3052, Australia
- Department of Medical Oncology, Western Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Jeanne Tie
- Personalised Oncology Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, Melbourne, VIC, 3052, Australia
- Department of Medical Oncology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Medical Oncology, Western Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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16
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Dunn
- Personalised Medicine Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Lucy Gately
- Personalised Medicine Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Peter Gibbs
- Personalised Medicine Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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17
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Dunn C, Lee B, Shapiro JD, Wong R, Gard G, Michael M, Hong W, Burge ME, Wong V, Thomson B, Ananda S, McLachlan SA, Knowles B, Nikfarjam M, Tie J, Jennens R, McKendrick JJ, Lee M, Kosmider S, Gibbs P. Chemotherapy at the end of life in colorectal and pancreatic cancer: Real-world data and trends over time. J Clin Oncol 2021. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2021.39.15_suppl.e18723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
e18723 Background: Chemotherapy at the end of life (CEOL) is widely accepted as an indicator of aggressive care. However, the evidence is limited primarily to single-centre experiences, with no consensus regarding acceptable benchmarks for CEOL, nor how this may be changing over time and with novel treatment options. We describe ‘real world’ CEOL in two large, multisite Australian registries of metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) and both locally advanced and metastatic pancreatic cancer (PC). Methods: Data was analysed from the TRACC and PURPLE registries, two large prospective multisite Australian cancer registries collecting prospective demographic, tumour, treatment and outcome data for mCRC and PC respectively. We identified all decedents between May 2009 and November 2020, determined the proportion who died within 14 or 30 days of chemotherapy (14D / 30D), or within 30D after a new line of therapy, defined as the first cycle of a new treatment regimen. Using univariate analysis, we compared baseline demographic and clinicopathological variables and trends over time. Results: 1505 mCRC and 602 PC decedents were identified. 20.9% of decedents (21.6% mCRC and 19.3% PC) received chemotherapy within 30D, and 11.5% within 14D (12.3% mCRC and 9.6% PC). There were lower rates of 30D CEOL after the first cycle of a new line of therapy (4.3% mCRC and 5.7% PC). Rates of CEOL decreased over the study period for mCRC (median rate of initial 3-year period 28% versus 15% in last 3-year period), but remained largely static for PC (18.9% versus 17.9%). 30D CEOL was more likely with palliative than curative intent treatment (mCRC OR 1.6, 95% CI 1.14-2.25, p = 0.007, PC OR 5.3, 95% CI 1.6-17.8), and advanced rather than local disease in PC (PC OR 2.59, 95%CI 1.6-4.1, p < 0.001). There was a trend towards CEOL and poorer performance status (ECOG) across all groups, only significant for 30D CEOL mCRC (OR 1.51, 95% CI 1.04-2.2). There was no association between CEOL and patient age, gender, Charlson comorbidity score or lines of therapy. Conclusions: Real-world rates of CEOL are higher in our cohorts of mCRC and PC patients than historical benchmarks but comparable to contemporary reports, which may be due to a wider array of available active treatments. Overall rates are decreasing over time for mCRC but static for PC, which may reflect the poorer overall survival for PC and lack of new effective therapies. The lower rates of death after new lines of therapy may signify that CEOL is more likely with existing treatment regimens and that clinicians are less likely to initiate a new chemotherapeutic regimen at EOL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Dunn
- Walter and Eliza Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Belinda Lee
- Northern Health, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | | | - Rachel Wong
- Eastern Health, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Epworth Health and University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Grace Gard
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Michael Michael
- Division of Cancer Medicine, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Wei Hong
- Walter & Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Australia
| | | | - Vanessa Wong
- Personalised Oncology Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Australia
| | - Ben Thomson
- Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Sumitra Ananda
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre and Western Health, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Sue-Anne McLachlan
- Medical Oncology, St Vincent's Hospital and Department of Medicine, Melbourne University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Brett Knowles
- Peter Maccallum Cancer Centre, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | | | - Jeanne Tie
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Western Health and Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Australia
| | | | | | - Margaret Lee
- Eastern Health, Western Health, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | | | - Peter Gibbs
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research & Western Health, Melbourne, Australia
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18
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Wong V, de Boer R, Dunn C, Anton A, Malik L, Greenberg S, Yeo B, Nott L, Collins IM, Torres J, Barnett F, Nottage M, Gibbs P, Lok SW. Uptake of bone modifying agents in patients with HER2+ metastatic breast cancer with bone metastases - prospective data from a multi-site Australian registry. Intern Med J 2021; 52:1707-1716. [PMID: 34002929 DOI: 10.1111/imj.15376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM International practice guidelines recommend administration of bone modifying agents (BMA) in metastatic breast cancer (MBC) patients with bone metastases to reduce skeletal related events (SRE). Optimal delivery of BMA in routine clinical practice including agent selection and prescribing intervals remains unclear. We aim to describe real-world practice of Australian breast oncologists. METHODS Prospective data from February 2015 to July 2020 on BMA delivery to MBC patients with bone metastases was analysed from TABITHA, a multi-site Australian HER2+ MBC registry. RESULTS Of 333 HER2+ MBC patients, 171 (51%) had bone metastases at diagnosis, with a mean age of 58.1 years [range 32-87]. 130 (76%) patients received a BMA, with 90 (69%) receiving denosumab and 40 (31%) receiving a bisphosphonate. Patients who received a BMA were more likely to have received concurrent first line systemic anti-HER2 therapy (95% vs 83%, p=0.04), to present with bone-only metastases at diagnosis (24% vs 7%, p=0.02) and less likely to have visceral metastases (51% vs 71%, p=0.03). Ten of 40 (25%) bisphosphonate patients and 45 of 90 (50%) denosumab patients received their BMA at the recommended 4-weekly interval. Prescribing intervals varied over time. Adverse events reported were consistent with clinical trial data. CONCLUSION Three-quarters of Australian HER2+ MBC patients with bone metastases receive a BMA, often at different schedules than guidelines recommend. Further studies, including of all MBC subtypes, are warranted to better understand clinicians' prescribing rationale and potential consequences of current prescribing practice on SRE incidence. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Wong
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, VIC.,Ballarat Health Services, VIC
| | - Richard de Boer
- Epworth-Freemasons Hospital, VIC.,St Vincent's Private Hospital, VIC
| | - Catherine Dunn
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, VIC
| | - Angelyn Anton
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, VIC.,Eastern Health, VIC
| | | | | | - Belinda Yeo
- Austin Health, Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, VIC
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Peter Gibbs
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, VIC.,Western Health, VIC
| | - Sheau Wen Lok
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, VIC.,Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, VIC
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19
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Dunn C, Hong W, Gibbs P, Ackland S, Sjoquist K, Tebbutt NC, Price T, Burge M. Personalizing First-Line Systemic Therapy in Metastatic Colorectal Cancer: Is There a Role for Initial Low-Intensity Therapy in 2021 and Beyond? A Perspective From Members of the Australasian Gastrointestinal Trials Group. Clin Colorectal Cancer 2021; 20:245-255. [PMID: 34103264 DOI: 10.1016/j.clcc.2021.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Palliative chemotherapy is the cornerstone of treatment for the majority of patients with metastatic colorectal cancer, with the aim of increasing length and quality of life. Although guidelines outline the available treatment options in the first line, they provide limited guidance on choice and intensity of the chemotherapy backbone. Data from the TRIBE and TRIBE2 studies confirm a survival benefit with triplet FOLFOXIRI and bevacizumab, and this is a preferred option for younger patients with good performance status able to tolerate it. However, the relative benefit of a fluoropyrimidine doublet with oxaliplatin or irinotecan over single-agent fluoropyrimidine with or without a biologic is less certain; the available data demonstrate that single-agent fluoropyrimidine plus a biologic with planned sequencing of subsequent agents can produce similar overall survival outcomes with reduced toxicity. Our analysis of local real-world registry data suggests that this is an underutilized approach, particularly in younger and fitter patients. Established prognostic factors, including patient age, performance status, tumor sidedness, and biomarkers such as RAS/BRAF, are key in treatment selection; patients with left-sided RAS/BRAF wild-type disease or patients with low tumor bulk may be ideal for a less intensive regimen. Further studies are required to confirm the value of less-intensive regimens in the modern era, where the incorporation of biologic therapies has become routine and where non-chemotherapy options are emerging as viable options for molecularly defined patient subsets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Dunn
- Gibbs Lab, Personalised Medicine Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Wei Hong
- Gibbs Lab, Personalised Medicine Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Peter Gibbs
- Gibbs Lab, Personalised Medicine Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Department of Medical Oncology, Western Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Stephen Ackland
- Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia; Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Katrin Sjoquist
- NHMRC Clinical Trials Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; Cancer Care Centre, St. George Hospital, Kogarah, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Niall C Tebbutt
- Department of Medical Oncology, Austin Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Department of Surgery, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Timothy Price
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Woodville, South Australia, Australia
| | - Matthew Burge
- Department of Medical Oncology, Royal Brisbane Hospital, Herston, Queensland, Australia
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20
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Kalapurackal Mathai V, Aung SY, Wong V, Dunn C, Shapiro JD, Jalali A, Wong R, Lee M, Tie J, Ananda S, Kosmider S, Lim SHS, Caird S, Burge ME, Dean AP, Gibbs P, Nott LM. Outcomes of isolated distant lymph node metastases in colorectal cancer. J Clin Oncol 2021. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2021.39.3_suppl.84] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
84 Background: The optimal management of isolated distant lymph node metastases (IDLNM) in metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) is not clearly established. Small case series and prior data from the TRACC (Treatment of Recurrent and Advanced Colorectal Cancer) registry support the use of radical treatment with curative intent (local resection, chemo-radiation or stereotactic radiotherapy), which may lead to better outcomes in mCRC patients with IDLNM. Aims: This study investigates the clinical characteristics and outcomes of mCRC patients with IDLNM treated with systemic therapies plus locoregional therapy with curative intent versus systemic therapies with palliative intent. Methods: Clinical data were collected and reviewed from the TRACC registry, a prospective, comprehensive registry for mCRC from multiple tertiary hospitals across Australia from 01/07/2009 to 30/06/2020. Clinicopathological characteristics, treatment modalities and survival outcomes were analyzed in patients with IDLNM and compared to patients with other organ metastases. Fisher exact test was used for significance tests and Kaplan Meier curves for survival analyses. Results: Of 3408 mCRC patients with a median follow-up of 38.0 months, 93 (2.7%) were found to have IDLNM. Compared to mCRC with other organ metastases, patients with IDLNM were younger (mean age: 62.1 vs 65.6 years, p=0.0200), more likely to have metachronous disease (57.0% vs 38.9%, p=0.0005), be KRAS wild-type (74.6% vs 53.9%, p=0.0012) and BRAF mutant (12.9% vs 6.2%, p=0.0100). There was no overall survival difference between with IDLNM and those with other organ metastases (median OS 27.24 vs 25.92 months, p=0.2300). Twenty-four patients (25.8%) with IDLNM received treatment with curative intent, with a trend towards improved overall survival compared to those with other organ metastases treated with curative intent (73.5 vs 62.7 months, p=0.8200). Amongst mCRC patients with IDLNM, those who received treatment with curative intent had a significantly better overall survival than those treated with palliative intent (73.5months vs 23.2 months, p=0.0070). Conclusions: Our findings suggest that there are differences in the patterns of presentation of IDLNM and other organ metastases. Radical treatment with curative intent options should be considered for mCRC patients with IDLNM where appropriate.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Vanessa Wong
- Walter and Eliza Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Catherine Dunn
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | | | - Azim Jalali
- Latrobe Regional Hospital, Victoria, VIC, Australia
| | | | - Margaret Lee
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Jeanne Tie
- Department of Medical Oncology, Western Health, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Sumitra Ananda
- Walter and Eliza Institute of Medical Research, Melbourine, VIC, Australia
| | - Suzanne Kosmider
- Department of Medical Oncology, Western Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | | | - Susan Caird
- Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Annerley, Australia
| | | | | | - Peter Gibbs
- Walter & Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Australia
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21
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Alidina A, Lipton LR, Gately L, Skinner I, Mendis SR, Hong W, Dunn C, Cho J, To YH, Steel M, Jones I, Lee M, Tie J, Kosmider S, Wong R, Yeung J, Gibbs P. Second primary cancers in patients with sporadic deficient mismatch repair (dMMR) colorectal cancer (CRC). J Clin Oncol 2021. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2021.39.3_suppl.45] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
45 Background: Patients with hereditary non polyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC) diagnosed with CRC have an elevated risk of a second primary CRC (SPCRC) and of rapid primary cancer development. This informs both initial surgical approach and endoscopic surveillance intervals. A feature of HNPCC is dMMR, also found in 15% of sporadic CRC, where the risk of SPCRC has yet to be defined. Methods: We examined a multi-site comprehensive CRC database (Melbourne, Australia), where prospectively collected data includes family history (including HNPCC), histology, surgery performed and incidence of second primary cancer. Sporadic dMMR included any case with a BRAF V600E mutation, confirmed hypermethylation, negative germline testing, or age over 60 years. We explored the incidence and timing of SPCRC in patients with early stage sporadic dMMR (or MSI-H) versus pMMR cancers. Results: From February 2004 to December 2019, 7442 patients diagnosed with stage I-III CRC were recorded. MMR status was known in 4079 (54.8%), including 714 with dMMR colorectal cancer (17.4%) of which 575 (14.6%) were deemed sporadic dMMR. Sporadic dMMR patients were older (mean 76.2 years vs 65.9 years, p = < 0.001), more likely to be female (65.2% vs 42%, p = < 0.001) and have a right sided primary (80.9% vs 32.8%, p = < 0.001), compared to patients with pMMR CRC. A SPCRC was diagnosed in 11/575 patients (1.91%) with sporadic dMMR CRC versus 27/3365 (0.83%) patients with pMMR CRC (HR = 2.57, 95% CI 1.28 - 5.17, p = 0.008). Median time to SPCRC was 1.13 years vs 2.38 years (p = 0.49). The SPCRC diagnosed in sporadic dMMR CRC vs pMMR CRC were more likely to be dMMR ((72.7%) vs (25.9%), p = 0.03), but a similar number were stage I or II ((81.8%) vs (81.5%)) and a similar number were surveillance detected ((72.7%) vs (77.8%). Conclusions: Patients with sporadic dMMR appear to have a significantly elevated risk of SPCRC compared to the pMMR population and were diagnosed at a shorter interval. The SPCRC is also more likely to also be dMMR. Increased colonoscopic surveillance of patients presenting with an initial sporadic dMMR cancer should be considered where clinically appropriate.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Lucy Gately
- The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | | | | | - Wei Hong
- Walter & Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Australia
| | | | - Jin Cho
- Western Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Yat Hang To
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Parkville, Australia
| | - Malcolm Steel
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Eastern Health, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Ian Jones
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | | | - Jeanne Tie
- Department of Medical Oncology, Western Health, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Suzanne Kosmider
- Department of Medical Oncology, Western Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Rachel Wong
- Walter & Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Australia
| | | | - Peter Gibbs
- Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
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Dunn C, Wong N, Griffin Y, White H, Wiselka M. Image challenge: A complex PUO. Clinical Infection in Practice 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinpr.2020.100023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
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Pyper K, Brouwers J, Augustijns P, Khadra I, Dunn C, Wilson CG, Halbert GW. Multidimensional analysis of human intestinal fluid composition. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2020; 153:226-240. [PMID: 32585351 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2020.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Revised: 06/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The oral administration of solid dosage forms is the commonest method to achieve systemic therapy and relies on the drug's solubility in human intestinal fluid (HIF), a key factor that influences bioavailability and biopharmaceutical classification. However, HIF is difficult to obtain and is known to be variable, which has led to the development of a range of simulated intestinal fluid (SIF) systems to determine drug solubility in vitro. In this study we have applied a novel multidimensional approach to analyse and characterise HIF composition using a published data set in both fasted and fed states with a view to refining the existing SIF approaches. The data set provided 152 and 172 measurements of five variables (total bile salt, phospholipid, total free fatty acid, cholesterol and pH) in time-dependent HIF samples from 20 volunteers in the fasted and fed state, respectively. The variable data sets for both fasted state and fed state are complex, do not follow normal distributions but the amphiphilic variable concentrations are correlated. When plotted 2-dimensionally a generally ellipsoid shaped data cloud with a positive slope is revealed with boundaries that enclose published fasted or fed HIF compositions. The data cloud also encloses the majority of fasted state and fed state SIF recipes and illustrates that the structured nature of design of experiment (DoE) approaches does not optimally cover the variable space and may examine media compositions that are not biorelevant. A principal component analysis in either fasted or fed state in combination with fitting an ellipsoid shape to enclose the data results in 8 points that capture over 95% of the compositional variability of HIF. The variable's average rate of concentration change in both fasted state and fed state over a short time scale (10 min) is zero and a Euclidean analysis highlights differences between the fasted and fed states and among individual volunteers. The results indicate that a 9-point DoE (8 + 1 central point) could be applied to investigate drug solubility in vitro and provide statistical solubility limits. In addition, a single point could provide a worst-case solubility measurement to define the lowest biopharmaceutical classification boundary or for use during drug development. This study has provided a novel description of HIF composition. The approach could be expanded in multiple ways by incorporation of further data sets to improve the statistical coverage or to cover specific patient groups (e.g., paediatric). Further development might also be possible to analyse information on the time dependent behaviour of HIF and to guide HIF sampling and analysis protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate Pyper
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Strathclyde, Livingstone Tower, 26 Richmond Street, Glasgow G1 1XH, United Kingdom
| | - Joachim Brouwers
- Drug Delivery and Disposition, KU Leuven, ON2, Herestraat 49 Box 921, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Patrick Augustijns
- Drug Delivery and Disposition, KU Leuven, ON2, Herestraat 49 Box 921, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - I Khadra
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, 161 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G4 0RE, United Kingdom
| | - C Dunn
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, 161 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G4 0RE, United Kingdom
| | - C G Wilson
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, 161 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G4 0RE, United Kingdom
| | - G W Halbert
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, 161 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G4 0RE, United Kingdom.
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Bonavina L, Boyle N, Dunn C, Horbach T, Knowles TB, Lipham JC, Louie BE, Markar S, Schppmann SF, Zehetner J. Comment on: Systematic review of the introduction and evaluation of magnetic augmentation of the lower oesophageal sphincter for gastro-oesophageal reflux disease. Br J Surg 2020; 107:e209. [PMID: 32320049 DOI: 10.1002/bjs.11567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- L Bonavina
- Deaprtment of Surgery, University of Milan Medical School, Milan, Italy
| | - N Boyle
- London Reflux Centre, Lister Hospital, London, UK
| | - C Dunn
- Division of Upper GI and General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Keck Medical Center of USC, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - T Horbach
- General and Abdominal Surgery, Schoen Clinic, Nürnberg Fürth, Germany
| | - T B Knowles
- Swedish Digestive Health Institute, Division of Thoracic Surgery, Swedish Medical Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - J C Lipham
- Division of Upper GI and General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Keck Medical Center of USC, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - B E Louie
- London Reflux Centre, Lister Hospital, London, UK
| | - S Markar
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College, London, UK
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Mileshkin L, Dunn C, Cross H, Duffy M, Shaw M, Antippa P, Mitchell P, Akhurst T, Conron M, Moore M, Philip J, Bartlett J, Emery J, Zambello B. The Victorian Comprehensive Cancer Centre lung cancer clinical audit: collecting the UK National Lung Cancer Audit data from hospitals in Australia. Intern Med J 2018; 49:1001-1006. [PMID: 30515932 DOI: 10.1111/imj.14183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2018] [Revised: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Clinical audit may improve practice in cancer service provision. The UK National Lung Cancer Audit (NLCA) collects data for all new cases of thoracic cancers. AIM To collect similar data for our Victorian patients from six hospitals within the Victorian Comprehensive Cancer Centre and associated Western and Central Melbourne Integrated Cancer Service. METHODS We conducted a retrospective audit of all newly diagnosed patients with lung cancer and mesothelioma in 2013 across the six Victorian Comprehensive Cancer Centre/Western and Central Melbourne Integrated Cancer Service hospitals. The objectives were to adapt the NLCA data set for use in the Australian context, to analyse the findings using descriptive statistics and to determine feasibility of implementing a routine, ongoing audit similar to that in the UK. Individual data items were adapted from the NLCA by an expert steering committee. Data were collated from the Victorian Cancer Registry, Victorian Admitted Episodes Dataset and individual hospital databases. Individual medical records were audited for missing data. RESULTS Eight hundred and forty-five patients were diagnosed across the sites in 2013. Most were aged 65-80 (55%) and were male (62%). Most had non-small-cell lung cancer (81%) with 9% diagnosed with small cell lung cancer and 2% with mesothelioma. Data completeness varied significantly between fields. For those with higher levels of completeness, headline indicators of clinical care were comparable with NLCA data. The Victorian population seem to lack access to specialist lung cancer nurse services. CONCLUSION Lung cancer care at participating hospitals appeared to be comparable with the UK in 2013. In future, prospective data collection should be harmonised across sites and correlated with survival outcomes. One area of concern was a lack of documented access to specialist nursing services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Mileshkin
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Catherine Dunn
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Hannah Cross
- Victorian Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Mary Duffy
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Mark Shaw
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Phillip Antippa
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Tim Akhurst
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Melissa Moore
- St Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jenny Philip
- St Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Jon Emery
- General Practice and Primary Health Care Academic Centre, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Belinda Zambello
- Western and Central Melbourne Integrated Cancer Service, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Dunn C, Moore L. GENETIC TESTING IDENTIFIES CAUSE OF ENTEROPATHY AND GROWTH FAILURE IN A 10 YEAR OLD MALE. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anai.2018.09.312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Sheele J, Crandall C, Arko B, Vallabhaneni M, Dunn C, Chang B, Fann P, Bigach M. 183 Accuracy of the OSOM Trichomonas Test Compared with the APTIMA Trichomonas Vaginalis Assay for Diagnosing T. Vaginalis in Men in the Emergency Department. Ann Emerg Med 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2018.08.188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Al-Abdwani R, Williams CB, Dunn C, Macartney J, Wollny K, Frndova H, Chin N, Stephens D, Parshuram CS. Incidence, outcomes and outcome prediction of unplanned extubation in critically ill children: An 11year experience. J Crit Care 2017; 44:368-375. [PMID: 29289914 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcrc.2017.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2017] [Revised: 11/06/2017] [Accepted: 12/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Unplanned extubation represents loss of control in the ICU, is associated with harm and is used as a measure of quality of care. We evaluated the rates and consequences of unplanned extubation. MATERIALS AND METHODS Eligible patients were intubated, <18years, and in ICU. Patient, care-related and environmental characteristics were compared in patients who did and did not receive positive pressure ventilation in the 24h after events. Rates are expressed per 100 intubation-days. RESULTS The 11,310 eligible patient-admissions identified were intubated for 75,519days; 410 (3.39%) patients had 458 unplanned extubation events (0.61 events/100 intubation-days). Annual rates of unplanned extubation reduced from 0.98 in 2004 to 0.37 in 2014. Consequences occurred in 245 (53.5%) events and included cardiac arrest in 9 (2%), bradycardia 52 (11%), and stridor 63 (14%). Positive pressure was provided after 263 (57%) events, and was independently associated with pre-event sedative and muscle relaxant drugs, non-use of restraints, respiratory reason for intubation and recent care by more nurses. CONCLUSION Unplanned extubation was associated with both significant and no morbidity. Modification of factors including more consistent nurse staffing, restraint use, and increased vigilance in patients with previous events may potentially reduce rates and adverse consequences of unplanned extubation.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Al-Abdwani
- Centre for Safety Research, Department of Critical Care Medicine, Hospital for Sick Children, Canada
| | - C B Williams
- Centre for Safety Research, Department of Critical Care Medicine, Hospital for Sick Children, Canada
| | - C Dunn
- Critical Care Program, Hospital for Sick Children, Canada
| | - J Macartney
- Critical Care Program, Hospital for Sick Children, Canada
| | - K Wollny
- Critical Care Program, Hospital for Sick Children, Canada
| | - H Frndova
- Centre for Safety Research, Critical Care Program, Hospital for Sick Children, Canada
| | - N Chin
- Critical Care Program, Informatics, Hospital for Sick Children, Canada
| | - D Stephens
- Child Health and Evaluation Sciences Program, The Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children, Canada
| | - C S Parshuram
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Paediatrics, Child Health and Evaluation Sciences Program, The Research Institute, Centre for Safety Research Hospital for Sick Children, Canada; Department of Pediatrics, Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Health Policy Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Canada.
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Scholz C, Jones TG, West M, Ehbair AMS, Dunn C, Freeman C. Constructed wetlands may lower inorganic nutrient inputs but enhance DOC loadings into a drinking water reservoir in North Wales. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2016; 23:18192-18199. [PMID: 27263105 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-6991-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2015] [Accepted: 05/26/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to monitor a newly constructed wetland (CW) in north Wales, UK, to assess whether it contributes to an improvement in water quality (nutrient removal) of a nearby drinking water reservoir. Inflow and outflow of the Free Water Surface (FWS) CW were monitored on a weekly basis and over a period of 6 months. Physicochemical parameters including pH, conductivity and dissolved oxygen (DO) were measured, as well as nutrients and dissolved organic and inorganic carbon (DOC, DIC) concentration. The CW was seen to contribute to water quality improvement; results show that nutrient removal took place within weeks after construction. It was found that 72 % of initial nitrate (N03 (-)), 53 % of initial phosphate (PO4 (3-)) and 35 % of initial biological oxygen demand (BOD) were removed, calculated as a total over the whole sampling period. From our study, it can be concluded that while inorganic nutrients do decline in CWs, the DOC outputs increases. This may suggest that CWs represent a source for DOC. To assess the carbon in- and output a C budget was calculated.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Scholz
- Department of Hydrogeology, Free University of Berlin, 12249, Berlin, Germany.
| | - T G Jones
- School of Biological Sciences, Bangor University, Gwynedd, LL57 2UW, Wales, UK
| | - M West
- School of Biological Sciences, Bangor University, Gwynedd, LL57 2UW, Wales, UK
| | - A M S Ehbair
- School of Biological Sciences, Bangor University, Gwynedd, LL57 2UW, Wales, UK
| | - C Dunn
- School of Biological Sciences, Bangor University, Gwynedd, LL57 2UW, Wales, UK.
| | - C Freeman
- School of Biological Sciences, Bangor University, Gwynedd, LL57 2UW, Wales, UK
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Conrad C, Lymp J, Thompson V, Dunn C, Davies Z, Chatfield B, Nichols D, Clancy J, Vender R, Egan ME, Quittell L, Michelson P, Antony V, Spahr J, Rubenstein RC, Moss RB, Herzenberg LA, Goss CH, Tirouvanziam R. Long-term treatment with oral N-acetylcysteine: affects lung function but not sputum inflammation in cystic fibrosis subjects. A phase II randomized placebo-controlled trial. J Cyst Fibros 2014; 14:219-27. [PMID: 25228446 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcf.2014.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2014] [Revised: 08/12/2014] [Accepted: 08/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the effects of oral N-acetylcysteine (NAC), which replenishes systemic glutathione, on decreasing inflammation and improving lung function in CF airways. METHODS A multicenter, randomized, double-blind proof of concept study in which 70 CF subjects received NAC or placebo orally thrice daily for 24 weeks. ENDPOINTS primary, change in sputum human neutrophil elastase (HNE) activity; secondary, FEV(1) and other clinical lung function measures; and safety, the safety and tolerability of NAC and the potential of NAC to promote pulmonary hypertension in subjects with CF. RESULTS Lung function (FEV(1) and FEF(25-75%)) remained stable or increased slightly in the NAC group but decreased in the placebo group (p=0.02 and 0.02). Log(10) HNE activity remained equal between cohorts (difference 0.21, 95% CI -0.07 to 0.48, p=0.14). CONCLUSIONS NAC recipients maintained their lung function while placebo recipients declined (24 week FEV1 treatment effect=150 mL, p<0.02). However no effect on HNE activity and other selected biomarkers of neutrophilic inflammation were detected. Further studies on mechanism and clinical outcomes are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Conrad
- Lucile Packard Children's Hospital, Center of Excellence in Pulmonary Biology, 770 Welch Rd., #350, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94304, United States
| | - J Lymp
- CFFT Therapeutics Development Network Coordinating Center, Seattle, WA. 2001 8th Avenue, Seattle, WA 98121, United States
| | - V Thompson
- CFFT Therapeutics Development Network Coordinating Center, Seattle, WA. 2001 8th Avenue, Seattle, WA 98121, United States
| | - C Dunn
- Lucile Packard Children's Hospital, Center of Excellence in Pulmonary Biology, 770 Welch Rd., #350, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94304, United States
| | - Z Davies
- Lucile Packard Children's Hospital, Center of Excellence in Pulmonary Biology, 770 Welch Rd., #350, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94304, United States
| | - B Chatfield
- University of Utah Pediatric Pulmonology, 100N. Mario Capecchi Dr., Salt Lake City, UT 84113, United States
| | - D Nichols
- National Jewish Health, 1400 Jackson St., Adult CF Center, Denver, CO 80206, United States
| | - J Clancy
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Ave., Pulmonary Medicine, OSB 5, Cincinnati, OH 45229, United States
| | - R Vender
- Pennsylvania State University/Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, PO Box 850, Hershey, PA 17033, United States
| | - M E Egan
- Yale University School of Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar St., Rm. FMP 526, New Haven, CT 06520, United States
| | - L Quittell
- Morgan Stanley Children's Hospital of New York, Division of Pediatric Pulmonology, Columbia University Medical Center, 3959 Broadway CHC 7-701, New York, NY 10032, United States
| | - P Michelson
- St. Louis Children's Hospital, 660 Euclid Ave., CF Center, 10th Floor NW Tower, St. Louis, MO 63110, United States
| | - V Antony
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, 422 Tinsley Harrison Tower, 1900 University Blvd, Birmingham, AL 35294-0006, United States
| | - J Spahr
- Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, 4221 Penn Avenue, AOB Suite 3300, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, United States
| | - R C Rubenstein
- The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 34th St and Civic Center Blvd, Abramson Research Center, Room 410A, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States
| | - R B Moss
- Lucile Packard Children's Hospital, Center of Excellence in Pulmonary Biology, 770 Welch Rd., #350, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94304, United States
| | - L A Herzenberg
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305-5318, United States
| | - C H Goss
- CFFT Therapeutics Development Network Coordinating Center, Seattle, WA. 2001 8th Avenue, Seattle, WA 98121, United States
| | - R Tirouvanziam
- Emory+Children's Center for CF and Airways Disease Research, 2015 Uppergate Dr., Rm. 344, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, United States
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Maas JC, Dallmeijer AJ, Huijing PA, Brunstrom-Hernandez JE, van Kampen PJ, Bolster EAM, Dunn C, Herndon K, Jaspers RT, Becher JG. A randomized controlled trial studying efficacy and tolerance of a knee-ankle-foot orthosis used to prevent equinus in children with spastic cerebral palsy. Clin Rehabil 2014; 28:1025-38. [DOI: 10.1177/0269215514542355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To examine whether using a knee-ankle-foot orthosis helps maintain ankle-foot dorsiflexion range of motion over time. Design: A multicentre randomized controlled trial. Setting: Two hospitals and one rehabilitation centre in the Netherlands and the USA. Subjects: Children (4-16 years old) with spastic cerebral palsy who were able to walk. Intervention: Use of a knee-ankle-foot orthosis, equipped with an Ultraflex® ankle power unit, for at least 6 hours every other night for one year. Main measures: Primary outcome measure: ankle-foot dorsiflexion range of motion. Secondary outcome measures: ankle-foot and knee angle in gait and gross motor function. Wearing time was also measured. Measurements were taken at baseline and at 3, 6, 9 and 12 months. Results: 28 children (experimental group: n=15, control group: n=13) participated in the study. 11 participants (experimental: n=4, control: n=7) did not complete all five measurements, as they needed additional treatment. No significant difference was found in the decrease of ankle-foot dorsiflexion range of motion between the experimental and control groups (difference: −1.05°, 95% confidence interval: −4.71° – 2.61°). In addition, secondary outcome measures did not show differences between groups. Despite good motivation, knee-ankle-foot orthosis wearing time was limited to a mean±SD of 3.2±1.9 hours per prescribed night due to discomfort. Conclusions: Knee-ankle-foot orthosis with dynamic ankle and fixed knee are poorly tolerated and are not beneficial in preventing a reduction in ankle-foot dorsiflexion range of motion in children with spastic cerebral palsy, at least with limited use.
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Affiliation(s)
- JC Maas
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, MOVE Research Institute Amsterdam and the EMGO+ Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Center, the Netherlands
| | - AJ Dallmeijer
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, MOVE Research Institute Amsterdam and the EMGO+ Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Center, the Netherlands
| | - PA Huijing
- MOVE Research Institute Amsterdam, Faculty of Human Movement Sciences, VU University, the Netherlands
| | - JE Brunstrom-Hernandez
- Departments of Neurology and Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis Children’s Hospital, St. Louis, USA
| | - PJ van Kampen
- Medical Rehabilitation Center Groot Klimmendaal, the Netherlands
| | - EAM Bolster
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, MOVE Research Institute Amsterdam and the EMGO+ Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Center, the Netherlands
| | - C Dunn
- Departments of Neurology and Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis Children’s Hospital, St. Louis, USA
| | - K Herndon
- Departments of Neurology and Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis Children’s Hospital, St. Louis, USA
| | - RT Jaspers
- MOVE Research Institute Amsterdam, Faculty of Human Movement Sciences, VU University, the Netherlands
| | - JG Becher
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, MOVE Research Institute Amsterdam and the EMGO+ Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Center, the Netherlands
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Dunn C, Davies Z, Kim L, Zirbes J, Everson C, Milla C. 215 Comparison of acute effects of conventional high frequency chest oscillation (HFCWO) and hand held percussor (Electro-Flo 5000) for airway clearance in cystic fibrosis patients. J Cyst Fibros 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/s1569-1993(13)60356-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Moss R, Waters J, Dunn C, Davies Z, Everson C, Tirouvanziam R, Tameresis J, Herzenberg L, Gernez Y. WS22.1 Basophil activation is a reliable biomarker of allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA) in CF: Interim results of a longitudinal cohort study. J Cyst Fibros 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/s1569-1993(13)60138-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Duggal MS, Abudiak H, Dunn C, Tong HJ, Munyombwe T. Effect of CD4+ lymphocyte count, viral load, and duration of taking antiretroviral treatment on presence of oral lesions in a sample of South African children with HIV+/AIDS. Eur Arch Paediatr Dent 2012; 11:242-6. [DOI: 10.1007/bf03262755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Gernez Y, Everson C, Mitsunaga E, Dunn C, Herzenberg L, Tirouvanziam R, Moss R. Specific Induction Of CD203c Expression In Blood Basophils Discriminates Between CF patients With Aspergillus Colonization And Those With CF-ABPA. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2011.12.466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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Harris N, Briley A, Collier D, Dunn C, Crawford Y, Henes S, Kinner S, Kolasa K, Lutes L, Scripture L. “Take off 4-Health”: Innovative Strategies to Improve Wellness in Adolescents. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jada.2010.06.337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Mee T, Whatmough P, Broad L, Dunn C, Maslanyj M, Allen S, Muir K, McKinney PA, van Tongeren M. Occupational exposure of UK adults to extremely low frequency magnetic fields. Occup Environ Med 2009; 66:619-27. [DOI: 10.1136/oem.2008.040329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Allegrini F, Ebert RW, Alquiza J, Broiles T, Dunn C, McComas DJ, Silva I, Valek P, Westlake J. A mass analysis technique using coincidence measurements from the Interstellar Boundary Explorer-Hi (approximately 0.3- approximately 6 keV) detector. Rev Sci Instrum 2008; 79:096107. [PMID: 19044461 DOI: 10.1063/1.2987691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
NASA's Interstellar Boundary Explorer (IBEX) mission, scheduled to launch in October 2008, will make the first observations of charge exchange energetic neutral atoms (ENAs) produced near the edge of the heliosphere. IBEX will measure these ENAs with two ultra-high sensitivity, single-pixel ENA sensors in the energy range of approximately 0.01- approximately 2 keV (IBEX-Lo) and approximately 0.3- approximately 6 keV (IBEX-Hi), respectively. The primary purpose of IBEX is to measure hydrogen ENAs from the outer heliosphere, but it will also be sensitive to heavier species of ENAs produced anywhere throughout the solar system. For this study, we measured the coincidence response of the IBEX-Hi detector section to H, He, N, and O ions. Based on these results, we have developed an innovative technique in estimating the hydrogen to heavy ion ratio in the signal. This new technique can be applied more widely than the IBEX-Hi detector section, and the basic principle may be useful for other, future space and ground-based measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Allegrini
- Space Science and Engineering Division, Southwest Research Institute, San Antonio, Texas 78238, USA
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Dunn C, Garton L, Lynch K. 7. THE CHLAMYDIA PROJECT IMPROVING KNOWLEDGE OF, AND TESTING RATES FOR CHLAMYDIA AMONG YOUNG PEOPLE IN A REMOTE ABORIGINAL SETTING. Sex Health 2007. [DOI: 10.1071/shv4n4ab7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The Kimberley region has some of the highest rates of Chlamydia infection in Australia. NCHS obtained funding to initiate and establish a Chlamydia Project aimed at increasing screening rates amongst indigenous youth aged 15 to 30 in the Fitzroy Valley. Population for the Valley is approximately 3000, predominately Aboriginal, covering more than 40 remote communities and the town of Fitzroy Crossing. The community has a strong belief in traditional values therefore observation of cultural protocols is paramount, especially when working in the area of sexual health. This can present challenges when setting up a sexual health program that is culturally appropriate, accepted and sustainable.
The aim of the project is to encourage young people to attend for STI screening when they are asymptomatic. The project will also endeavour to increase awareness of Chlamydia and other sexual health issues relevant to the age group.
Methods used, include setting up screening clinics in town and remote communities, involving young people in making decisions about how the clinics are run, holding Feel Good Nights that promote discussion and information sharing about sexual health, peer education and encouraging young people to participate in resource production.
Anecdotally, results so far have shown a greater number of young people are accessing sexual health services and there is an increase in knowledge of Chlamydia and sexual health in general amongst the target population. This project will run until May 2008. This paper will present the progress of the project so far, and some of the highlights and challenges of setting up a sexual health program in a remote community setting.
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Chuck JA, Dunn C, Facultad FECD, Nakazono C, Nikodinovic J, Barrow KD. Amplification of DNA encoding entire type I polyketide synthase domains and linkers from streptomyces species. Curr Microbiol 2006; 53:89-94. [PMID: 16832727 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-005-0050-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2005] [Accepted: 05/13/2005] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Polyketides are a group of bioactive compounds from bacteria, plants, and fungi. To increase the availability of analogs for testing, the active sites of polyketide synthases are often substituted with homologous domains having altered substrate specificities. This study reports the design of polymerase chain reaction primers that enables isolation of entire active site domains from type I polyketide synthases with native interdomain linkers. This bypasses the need for further genetic screening to obtain functional units for use in genetic engineering. This is especially important in bioprospecting projects exploring new environments for bioresources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jo-Anne Chuck
- School of Natural Sciences, University of Western Sydney, Parramatta Campus, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith South, DC, 1797 NSW, Australia.
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Drake-Lee AB, Hughes RG, Dunn C. Serum IgA and IgG functional antibodies and their subclasses to Streptococcus pneumoniae capsular antigen found in two aged-matched cohorts of children with and without otitis media with effusion. Clin Otolaryngol Allied Sci 2003; 28:335-40. [PMID: 12871248 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2273.2003.00717.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The relationship between acute otitis media and otitis media with effusion (OME) is uncertain and the aetiology of OME is multifactorial. Otitis media with effusion may be an inflammatory condition; both bacteria and viral infections could play a part in this inflammation. The four bacteria Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenza, Staphylococcus aureus and Branhamella catarrhalis cause 60% of the infections whereas S. pneumoniae accounts for up to 35%. IgA provides the dominant surface response to polysaccharide and lipopolysaccharide antigens, of which IgA2 is the main subclass. Once the mucosa has been breached, most protection is provided by IgG. IgG2 acts mainly against bacterial capsular antigens. This study looked at two groups of 50 children with and without OME who were aged between 3 and 10 years. The aims were to determine if, firstly, the levels of the serum immunoglobulins were different in the two groups, secondly whether these children made the appropriate antibody response to the capsular antigen to S. pneumoniae (PCP), and finally if there was a delay in the maturity of the IgA response. The total IgG, IgA and all subclass levels were measured using radial immunodiffusion. Levels of functional IgA and IgG were measured using ELISAs (25 patients in each group). The results were analysed with non-parametric tests. The immunoglobulin levels were within the normal levels for both groups. There were very good correlations between the IgG total anti-PCP and the IgG2 anti-PCP (R > 0.9, p = 0.001). There was a good correlation between the levels of both IgG total and IgG2 anti-PCP against IgA total anti-PCP in both groups (R > 0.85, p > 0.01). This confirms a normal antibody response between both groups of patients. The ages of the controls and patients (50 samples) were correlated with increasing titres of circulating functional antibodies (P = 0.001). This is highly suggestive of a normal age-related response. In conclusion, the findings were contradictory to our original hypothesis that there is a subtle difference in surface protection between children with and without OME. We believe that a previous history of recurrent acute otitis media is unrelated to the development of OME after 3 years of age.
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Affiliation(s)
- A B Drake-Lee
- The Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Birmingham Children's Hospital, Steelhouse Lane, Birmingham B4 6NH, UK.
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Abstract
A 20-year-old woman developed gross surgical emphysema tracking down to the chest after an episode of nose blowing. Fortunately there were no ocular complications and the patient settled with conservative management. Follow-up showed no recurrence. The case presented illustrates the very rare complication of orbital fracture following nose blowing.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Dunn
- Department of Otolaryngology, City Hospital, Birmingham, UK
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Dunn C, Wiltshire C, MacLaren A, Gillespie DAF. Molecular mechanism and biological functions of c-Jun N-terminal kinase signalling via the c-Jun transcription factor. Cell Signal 2002; 14:585-93. [PMID: 11955951 DOI: 10.1016/s0898-6568(01)00275-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The regulation of c-Jun transcriptional activity by Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) has become a paradigm for understanding how mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase signalling pathways elicit specific changes in gene transcription through selective phosphorylation of nuclear transcription factors. Selective phosphorylation of c-Jun by JNK is determined by a specific docking motif in c-Jun, the delta region, which enables JNK to associate physically with c-Jun. Analogous MAP kinase docking motifs have subsequently been found in several other transcription factors, indicating that this is a general mechanism for ensuring specificity of signal transduction. Genetic and biochemical studies in mice, flies and cultured cells have provided evidence that signals relayed by JNK through c-Jun regulate a range of cellular processes including cell proliferation, tumourigenesis, apoptosis and embryonic development. Despite these advances, in most cases, the genes or programs of gene expression downstream of JNK and c-Jun, which control these processes, have not been defined. Here, we review the current understanding of the molecular basis and biological consequences of JNK signalling via c-Jun and highlight some of the mechanistic issues, which remain to be resolved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Dunn
- Institute of Biomedical and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, G12 8QQ, Glasgow, UK
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Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess attitudes to neonatal genetic screening for hereditary hemochromatosis. A total of 135 consecutive, pregnant women and their partners attending a hospital antenatal clinic in the Australian Capital Territory were given detailed written and verbal information about potential risks and benefits of neonatal genetic screening. Issues such as uncertainty of disease expression, confidentiality, genetic discrimination, and storage of genetic data were addressed. Attitudes were assessed by interview and questionnaire. There was a high level of acceptance for neonatal genetic screening in general (99%) and for hemochromatosis in particular (91.5%). There was no association of prior knowledge of hemochromatosis, family history of hemochromatosis, ethnicity, age, education, or occupation class with nonacceptance. Of the subjects, 39.5% reported feeling "a little anxious" about the prospect of screening their infants, although only 5.4% reported feeling "very anxious." Reasons given for nonacceptance of screening included inability of the child to give informed consent, insufficient evidence that diagnosis of hemochromatosis in childhood is beneficial, risk of discrimination on genetic grounds, lack of agreement between partners, and privacy issues. These data suggest that an Australian neonatal genetic screening program for hemochromatosis is likely to be accepted by this and similar groups of subjects, but there should be an opportunity for parents who object to screening to opt out of any such program.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Bassett
- Gastroenterology Unit, The Canberra Hospital, Canberra Clinical School, University of Sydney, Australia.
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Abstract
AIMS To examine the effectiveness of brief behavioral interventions adapting the principles and techniques of Motivational Interviewing (MI) to four behavioral domains: substance abuse, smoking, HIV risk and diet/exercise. DESIGN We conducted a systematic review of 29 randomized trials of MI interventions. Data on methodological quality were extracted and tabulated. Between-group behavior change effect sizes and confidence intervals were calculated for each study. FINDINGS Due to varying intervention time lengths, targeted problem behaviors, settings and interventionists' backgrounds and skill levels, outcomes were not combined meta-analytically. Sixty per cent of the 29 studies yielded at least one significant behavior change effect size. No significant association between length of follow-up time and magnitude of effect sizes was found across studies. There was substantial evidence that MI is an effective substance abuse intervention method when used by clinicians who are non-specialists in substance abuse treatment, particularly when enhancing entry to and engagement in more intensive substance abuse treatment treatment-as-usual. Data were inadequate to judge the effect of MI in the other domains. Client attribute-treatment interactions were understudied and the sparse and inconsistent findings revealed little about the mechanism by which MI works or for whom it works best. CONCLUSION To determine more effectively how well MI works in domains other than substance abuse and for whom it works best in all domains, researchers should study MI with risk behaviors other than substance abuse, while examining both interactions and the theoretical components of MI.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Dunn
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Washington, USA.
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Abstract
The authors provide an overview of 21 articles from several countries focusing on families with deaf members published in the literary issues of the American Annals of the Deaf from 1996 to 2000. Four categories were identified: Interaction and Involvement, Support Services, Stress and Coping, and Decision Making. The articles represent a commendable expansion of focus from the mother-child dyad to increased attention to fathers, siblings, extended family members, and significant nonfamily members such as deaf adults. The heterogeneity of families was a striking factor, even within those studies dealing with relatively homogeneous populations. Services appeared to be most effective within middle-class, educated family units, illustrating the need for more comprehensive services sensitive to the needs of families from less affluent backgrounds and with lower levels of education. In general, services to families with deaf children may be characterized as better than in the past but still in need of significant sensitivity and improvement. The presence of a deaf child in a family with hearing parents may cause stress, but parents have the flexibility to respond in a positive and beneficial way, especially when provided adequate information and support. The idea that hearing parents go through a grieving process involving the identification of deafness in their child seems to be an overstatement.
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Affiliation(s)
- D F Moores
- Department of Education, Gallaudet University, Washington, DC, USA
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Abstract
In this paper we explore how the presence of hazardous industry may affect the identity of a place and the people who live there. Drawing on Goffman's seminal work on stigma - together with recent debates on environmental and technological stigma - we extend the concepts of difference and spoiled identity from the individual to place. The paper is based on a qualitative study which explored public perceptions of the risks to health from air pollution in Teesside, a heavily industrialised area in north-east England. We did not set out to study stigma per se in this study, but emergent themes produced by grounded theory analysis highlighted the way in which the presence of technologies, air pollution, poor health and social exclusion may be used as 'discrediting' characteristics, to stigmatise one place, whilst confirming the usualness of another. We demonstrate place stigma as a complex, multiple and re-inforcing concept.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Bush
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, The Medical School, University of Newcastle, NE2 4HH, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK.
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Dunn C. The efficacy of a pre-procedural antiseptic mouthwash against bacterial aerosols. J N Z Soc Periodontol 2000:21-3. [PMID: 10823049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
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Rose ML, Cattley RC, Dunn C, Wong V, Li X, Thurman RG. Dietary glycine prevents the development of liver tumors caused by the peroxisome proliferator WY-14,643. Carcinogenesis 1999; 20:2075-81. [PMID: 10545408 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/20.11.2075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies demonstrated that dietary glycine prevents elevated rates of cell proliferation following treatment with the peroxisome proliferator and liver carcinogen WY-14,643. Since increased cell replication is associated with the development of hepatic cancer caused by peroxisome proliferators, glycine may have anti-cancer properties. Therefore, experiments were designed to test the hypothesis that dietary glycine would inhibit the hepatocarcinogenic effect of WY-14,643. Male F344 rats were fed four different NIH 07-based diets: 5% glycine; 5% valine for nitrogen balance (control); 0.1% WY-14,643 + 5% valine (WY-14,643); 0.1% WY-14,643 + 5% glycine (WY-14,643 + glycine). Food consumption did not differ among the groups, but WY-14,643-fed rats weighed 10-25% less than expected based on previous studies. Serum glycine levels were elevated 4-5-fold by glycine-containing diets; however, the 10-fold increase in peroxisomal enzyme activity caused by WY-14,643 was unaffected by the addition of 5% glycine to the diet. After 22 weeks, livers from rats fed WY-14,643 had a similar incidence and multiplicity of proliferative lesions (foci and adenomas) to those fed WY-14,643 + glycine. Moreover, cell proliferation in the surrounding 'normal' parenchyma (labeling index approximately 4%) and foci (labeling index approximately 50%) did not differ between WY-14,643 and WY-14,643 + glycine-fed rats. However, after 51 weeks of dietary exposure to WY-14,643, glycine prevented formation of small (0-5 mm diameter) tumors by 23% and inhibited the development of medium size (5-10 mm) tumors by 64%. Furthermore, glycine prevented the formation of the largest tumors (>10 mm) by nearly 80%. Thus, glycine did not inhibit early foci formation; however, it significantly decreased their ability to progress to tumors. Moreover, the inhibitory effect of glycine was greater with increasing tumor size. These studies demonstrate that dietary glycine prevents the development of hepatic tumors caused by the peroxisome proliferator WY-14,643 consistent with the idea that it may be an effective chemopreventive agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- M L Rose
- Laboratory of Hepatobiology and Toxicology, Department of Pharmacology, and Curriculum in Toxicology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7365, USA
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