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Lipton M, Mahajan R, Kavanagh C, Shen C, Batal I, Dogra S, Jain NG, Lin F, Uy NS. AKI in COVID-19-Associated Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS-C). Kidney360 2021; 2:611-618. [PMID: 35373052 PMCID: PMC8791329 DOI: 10.34067/kid.0005372020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Background Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) is a recently identified entity in association with COVID-19. AKI has been widely reported in patients with primary COVID-19 infection. However, there is a paucity of literature regarding renal injury in MIS-C. We aim to characterize AKI in MIS-C in this cohort identified at a major children's hospital in New York City during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods We conducted a retrospective cohort study of children 0-20 years old admitted to Morgan Stanley Children's Hospital (MSCH) between April 18th and September 23rd, 2020. Patients were included if they met criteria for MIS-C on the basis of CDC guidelines. All patients were evaluated for the presence of AKI, and AKI was staged according to KDIGO criteria. Results Of the 57 children who met inclusion criteria, 46% (26 of 57) were found to have AKI. The majority of patients (58%; 15 of 26) were classified as KDIGO stage 1. AKI was present upon admission in 70% of those identified. All patients had resolution of AKI at discharge, with 61% achieving recovery by day 2. One patient required dialysis. When compared with those without renal injury, the AKI cohort was older (P<0.001) and had higher median peak values of CRP (P<0.001), IL-6 (P=0.02), ferritin (P<0.001), and procalcitonin (P=0.02). More patients with AKI had left ventricular systolic dysfunction (P<0.001) and lymphopenia (P=0.01) when compared with those without AKI. No differences in body mass index or sex were found. Conclusions Although children with MIS-C may develop AKI, our study suggests that most experience mild disease, swift resolution, and promising outcome. Older age, increased inflammation, and left ventricular systolic dysfunction may be risk factors. Our study highlights the substantial differences in epidemiology and outcomes between AKI associated with pediatric MIS-C versus primary COVID-19 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marissa Lipton
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York
| | - Ruchi Mahajan
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York
| | - Catherine Kavanagh
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York
| | - Carol Shen
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York
| | - Ibrahim Batal
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York
| | - Samriti Dogra
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York
| | - Namrata G Jain
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York
| | - Fangming Lin
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York
| | - Natalie S Uy
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York
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Abstract
Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus (NDI) results from the inability of the late distal tubules and collecting ducts to respond to vasopressin. The lack of ability to concentrate urine results in polyuria and polydipsia. Primary and acquired forms of NDI exist in children. Congenital NDI is a result of mutation in AVPR2 or AQP2 genes. Secondary NDI is associated with electrolyte abnormalities, obstructive uropathy, or certain medications. Management of NDI can be difficult with only symptomatic treatment available, using low-solute diet, diuretics, and prostaglandin inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Kavanagh
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Columbia University Medical Center, 3959 Broadway, CHN 1115, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Natalie S Uy
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Columbia University Medical Center, 3959 Broadway, CHN 1115, New York, NY 10032, USA.
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Kapitány R, Kavanagh C, Whitehouse H, Nielsen M. Examining memory for ritualized gesture in complex causal sequences. Cognition 2018; 181:46-57. [PMID: 30125739 DOI: 10.1016/j.cognition.2018.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Revised: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Humans have created and maintained an exponentially large and sophisticated behavioral corpus over evolutionary time. In no small part this was achieved due to our tendency to imitate behaviours rather than to emulate outcomes. This tendency, however, can lead to inefficiency and redundancy in our behavioral repertoires. Drawing on evidence from multiple fields of psychology, we propose two novel competing hypotheses. The 'catalyst hypothesis' suggests that low (but not high) proportions of ritualized gesture in instrumental action sequences will improve subsequent recall of the entire action sequence (without itself enhancing the instrumental utility of the sequence). Conversely, the 'cost hypothesis' suggests that increasing proportions of ritualized gesture will impair recall, due to the introduction of cognitive load. The null hypothesis states that ritualized gestures are neither beneficial nor costly. In a pre-registered experiment, we presented participants with multiple versions of two complicated 2-min action sequences in which we varied the proportion of ritualized gesture. We then quantified the influence ritualized gesture had on recall for individuals gestures, overall outcomes, and described detail. We found clear evidence that high proportions of ritualized gestures impair recall for individual gestures and overall success, and weak evidence that low proportions increase overall success. At present, we may reject the null, but cannot rule out either of our competing hypotheses. We discuss potential implications for cultural evolution, and generate competing predictions that allow for adjudication between Ritual Modes theory (Whitehouse, 2004) and the 'Cognitive Resource Depletion' account of Religious Interaction (Schjoedt et al., 2013). All files (including data and syntax) are freely available at https://osf.io/spz68/.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Kapitány
- The University of Oxford, United Kingdom.
| | - C Kavanagh
- The University of Oxford, United Kingdom; Hokkaido University, United Kingdom
| | | | - M Nielsen
- The University of Queensland, Australia; University of Johannesburg, South Africa
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4
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Walsh K, Stobbs N, Advani R, Kavanagh C, Killick N, Kumar N. A closed cycle audit of the emergency management of epistaxis. Int J Surg 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijsu.2015.07.240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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5
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Henderson V, Murdoch V, Kavanagh C, Caslake R. 16INTRODUCTION OF A POST TAKE WARD ROUND CHECKLIST STICKER ON A GERIATRICS ASSESSMENT UNIT: Table 1. Age Ageing 2015. [DOI: 10.1093/ageing/afv106.16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Campbell J, Wilkinson I, Thalange N, Kavanagh C. 328 Use of an insulin pump combined with the FreeStyle Libre interstitial glucose monitor in a needle-phobic adolescent with cystic fibrosis-related diabetes. J Cyst Fibros 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/s1569-1993(15)30502-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Neut D, Dijkstra RJ, Thompson JI, Kavanagh C, van der Mei HC, Busscher HJ. A biodegradable gentamicin-hydroxyapatite-coating for infection prophylaxis in cementless hip prostheses. Eur Cell Mater 2015; 29:42-55; discussion 55-6. [PMID: 25552428 DOI: 10.22203/ecm.v029a04] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
A degradable, poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA), gentamicin-loaded prophylactic coating for hydroxyapatite (HA)-coated cementless hip prostheses is developed with similar antibacterial efficacy as offered by gentamicin-loaded cements for fixing traditional, cemented prostheses in bone. We describe the development pathway, from in vitro investigation of antibiotic release and antibacterial properties of this PLGA-gentamicin-HA-coating in different in vitro models to an evaluation of its efficacy in preventing implant-related infection in rabbits. Bone in-growth in the absence and presence of the coating was investigated in a canine model. The PLGA-gentamicin-HA-coating showed high-burst release, with antibacterial efficacy in agar-assays completely disappearing after 4 days, minimising risk of inducing antibiotic resistance. Gentamicin-sensitive and gentamicin-resistant staphylococci were killed by the antibiotic-loaded coating, in a simulated prosthesis-related interfacial gap. PLGA-gentamicin-HA-coatings prevented growth of bioluminescent staphylococci around a miniature-stem mounted in bacterially contaminated agar, as observed using bio-optical imaging. PLGA-gentamicin-HA-coated pins inserted in bacterially contaminated medullary canals in rabbits caused a statistically significant reduction in infection rates compared to HA-coated pins without gentamicin. Bone ingrowth to PLGA-gentamicin-HA-coated pins, in condylar defects of Beagle dogs was not impaired by the presence of the degradable, gentamicin-loaded coating. In conclusion, the PLGA-gentamicin-HA-coating constitutes an effective strategy for infection prophylaxis in cementless prostheses.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Neut
- Department of Biomedical Engineering (FB40), W.J. Kolff Institute, University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, PO Box 196, 9700 AD Groningen, The
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Alden B, Kavanagh C, Larner E. 140 Is bronchoalveolar lavage necessary for monitoring and treating respiratory infections in children with cystic fibrosis? J Cyst Fibros 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/s1569-1993(14)60276-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Rose I, Rewitzky G, Kavanagh C. 7 It's a family affair – A diagnostic dilemma of cystic fibrosis within a family. J Cyst Fibros 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/s1569-1993(13)60150-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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10
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Walsh MM, Belek M, Prakash P, Grimes B, Heckman B, Kaufman N, Meckstroth R, Kavanagh C, Murray J, Weintraub JA, Silverstein S, Gansky SA. The effect of training on the use of tobacco-use cessation guidelines in dental settings. J Am Dent Assoc 2012; 143:602-13. [PMID: 22653940 PMCID: PMC4130169 DOI: 10.14219/jada.archive.2012.0239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND An increase in the number of dentists conducting tobacco-use cessation treatment is needed. The authors assessed the effects of high-intensity training (HIT) or low-intensity training (LIT) and reimbursement on general dentists' tobacco-use-related attitudes and treatment behaviors. METHODS The authors randomly selected 265 dentists in three states and assigned them to one of five groups: HIT workshop groups with and without tobacco-use cessation counseling reimbursement, LIT mailed self-study groups with and without reimbursement or a control group. Outcomes at follow-up were dentists' self-reported tobacco-use-related attitudes and behaviors and patients' reports of dentists' behaviors. RESULTS Significantly more dentists in the intervention groups reported having positive attitudes and behaviors at follow-up than did dentists in the control group. Dentists in the HIT groups, however, reported assessing patients' willingness to quit and assisting them with the quitting process significantly more often than did dentists in the LIT groups. Significantly more patients of dentists in the intervention groups who used tobacco reported receiving advice and assistance from their dentists than did patients of dentists in the control group. Adding reimbursement to HIT or LIT conditions did not provide additional intervention effect. CONCLUSION Dentists trained by means of a workshop or self-study program used components of a recommended guideline more frequently and felt more positive toward tobacco-use cessation counseling than did dentists in the control group. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS Although the workshop training was more successful than the self-study training, the latter's reach among dentists could have a more significant public health impact. The effect of reimbursement needs further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret M Walsh
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dental Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA. 94143-1361, USA.
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11
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Rose I, Kavanagh C. 291 11 years of totally implantable vascular devices in a paediatric cystic fibrosis population, a retrospective review. J Cyst Fibros 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/s1569-1993(12)60459-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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12
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McCabe P, Kavanagh C. Root perforation associated with the use of a miniscrew implant used for orthodontic anchorage: a case report. Int Endod J 2012; 45:678-88. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2591.2012.02022.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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13
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Walsh MM, Langer TJ, Kavanagh N, Mansell C, MacDougal W, Kavanagh C, Gansky SA. Smokeless tobacco cessation cluster randomized trial with rural high school males: intervention interaction with baseline smoking. Nicotine Tob Res 2010; 12:543-50. [PMID: 20439384 DOI: 10.1093/ntr/ntq022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Adolescent males in rural areas use smokeless tobacco (ST). We assessed the efficacy of a school-based nurse-directed ST intervention among rural high school males. METHODS Study high schools were randomly selected from a public high school list of California rural counties. Consenting high schools were stratified by school size and randomly assigned within strata to intervention or no-intervention groups. After gaining parental consent, male students completed baseline and 1-year follow-up questionnaires. The intervention included peer-led educational sessions and an oral exam by the school nurse who also provided brief tobacco cessation counseling. We used binary generalized estimating equation (GEE) models accounting for clustering within schools to test no difference between groups after adjusting for year in high school using both completers only and multiple imputation for those lost to follow-up. Subgroup analyses assessed Baseline Factor x Group interaction in GEE models. RESULTS Twenty-one rural counties (72%), 41 randomly selected high schools (56%), and 4,731 male students (50%) participated with 65% retention. Nonsmoking ST users in the intervention group were significantly more likely to stop using ST at follow-up than those in the no-intervention group; there was no intervention effect among baseline ST users who also smoked. A higher percentage of baseline nonsmoking ST users reported smoking at follow-up than baseline non-ST-using smokers who reported using ST. DISCUSSION A school-based nurse-directed ST cessation program was efficacious among rural nonsmoking ST-using high school males. The potential program reach holds significant public health value. Baseline ST use facilitated smoking at follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret M Walsh
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dental Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143-1361, USA.
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14
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Bossley CJ, Saglani S, Kavanagh C, Payne DNR, Wilson N, Tsartsali L, Rosenthal M, Balfour-Lynn IM, Nicholson AG, Bush A. Corticosteroid responsiveness and clinical characteristics in childhood difficult asthma. Eur Respir J 2009; 34:1052-9. [PMID: 19541710 DOI: 10.1183/09031936.00186508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
This study describes the clinical characteristics and corticosteroid responsiveness of children with difficult asthma (DA). We hypothesised that complete corticosteroid responsiveness (defined as improved symptoms, normal spirometry, normal exhaled nitric oxide fraction (F(eNO)) and no bronchodilator responsiveness (BDR <12%)) is uncommon in paediatric DA. We report on 102 children, mean+/-sd age 11.6+/-2.8 yrs, with DA in a cross-sectional study. 89 children underwent spirometry, BDR and F(eNO) before and after 2 weeks of systemic corticosteroids (corticosteroid response study). Bronchoscopy was performed after the corticosteroid trial. Of the 102 patients in the cross-sectional study, 88 (86%) were atopic, 60 (59%) were male and 52 (51%) had additional or alternative diagnoses. Out of the 81 patients in the corticosteroid response study, nine (11%) were complete responders. Of the 75 patients with symptom data available, 37 (49%) responded symptomatically, which was less likely if there were smokers in the home (OR 0.31, 95% CI 0.02-0.82). Of the 75 patients with available spirometry data, 35 (46%) had normal spirometry, with associations being BAL eosinophilia (OR 5.43, 95% CI 1.13-26.07) and high baseline forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV(1)) (OR 1.08, 95% CI 1.02-1.12). Of these 75 patients, BDR data were available in 64, of whom 36 (56%) had <12% BDR. F(eNO) data was available in 70 patients, of whom 53 (75%) had normal F(eNO). Airflow limitation data was available in 75 patients, of whom 17 (26%) had persistent airflow limitation, which was associated with low baseline FEV(1) (OR 0.93, 95% CI 0.90-0.97). Only 11% of DA children exhibited complete corticosteroid responsiveness. The rarity of complete corticosteroid responsiveness suggests alternative therapies are needed for children with DA.
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Affiliation(s)
- C J Bossley
- Dept of Respiratory Paediatrics, Royal Brompton Hospital, London SW3 6NP, UK
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess patterns and correlates of spit [smokeless tobacco (ST)] use among high school males in rural California. METHODS An 18-item, self-administered questionnaire was used to assess ST use among young males in 41 randomly selected high schools in 21 rural counties in California. To ensure confidentiality, students were instructed to seal their completed questionnaire in an attached envelope prior to returning it to the questionnaire administrator. RESULTS Overall prevalence of ST use was 9.8 percent, significantly increasing with year in school from 5 percent among freshmen to 15 percent among seniors. ST use was highest among rodeo athletes at 42 percent compared with <6 percent among nonathletes; ST use was significantly higher among smokers (32 percent) who were 2.5-30 times more likely to use ST compared with nonsmokers, depending on race/ethnicity as a result of a significant race/ethnicity x smoking interaction of degree/magnitude. In addition, students who believed there was no, or slight risk of, harm from ST use were significantly more likely to use ST than students perceiving moderate or great risk, depending on race/ethnicity (odds ratios 3.6-13). Among all ST users, 40 percent used ST on at least 5 days in the previous week, 80 percent of those reporting a brand used the brand Copenhagen, and 41 percent (189) used ST within 30 minutes of waking. CONCLUSION Dental public health practitioners, scholars, and policy-makers need to promote dental health through organized community efforts targeting high school male subgroups in rural areas that are at risk for ST-associated adverse health effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stuart A Gansky
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dental Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143-1361, USA
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Gala S, Pesek F, Murray J, Kavanagh C, Graham S, Walsh M. Design and pilot evaluation of an Internet spit tobacco cessation program. J Dent Hyg 2008; 82:11. [PMID: 18269812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To develop an interactive Web site to help smokeless tobacco (ST) users to reduce or stop their ST use and pilot test it for feasibility, acceptability, and short-term outcomes. METHODS An interactive, multiple-contact Internet ST cessation program was developed, refined based on feedback from 17 ST users, and pilot-tested for feasibility, acceptability, and short-term effects on the ST-related behavior and attitudes among baseball athletes attending 3 colleges in California. Consenting ST users completed a baseline questionnaire and enrolled on the Web site for help with stopping ST use. One month later, outcomes were assessed. RESULTS Although 18 ST-using baseball athletes enrolled on the Web site, follow-up data were obtained from 12 individuals. Loss to follow-up occurred when we were unable to contact participants by telephone or mailed surveys. At 1-month follow-up, over 80% (N=11) reported that the Web site was: "helpful in stopping or reducing my tobacco use"; easy to navigate; and "appealing." Moreover, 8% (n=1) self-reported abstinence from ST use. Among nonquitters, there was a 26% mean reduction in ST use per day compared to baseline values. In addition, among all enrollees, there was a 4-fold increase in motivation to quit (7% versus 31%) and a 21% increase in their confidence in being able to quit (67% versus. 85%) from baseline to follow-up. CONCLUSION The interactive ST cessation Web site was feasible to implement, acceptable to ST users, and appeared to reduce ST use, enhance motivation to quit, and increase confidence about one's ability to quit. Further study with a larger sample size and a control group is needed to determine efficacy to promote cessation of ST use.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Gala
- University of California, San Francisco, School of Dentistry, USA
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17
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Gansky SA, Ellison JA, Rudy D, Bergert N, Letendre MA, Nelson L, Kavanagh C, Walsh MM. Cluster-Randomized Controlled Trial of An Athletic Trainer-Directed Spit (Smokeless) Tobacco Intervention for Collegiate Baseball Athletes: Results After 1 Year. J Athl Train 2005; 40:76-87. [PMID: 15970953 PMCID: PMC1150230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Context: Athletes in the United States are at high risk for using spit (smokeless) tobacco (ST) and incurring its associated adverse health effects.Objective: To examine whether an athletic trainer-directed ST intervention could decrease initiation and promote cessation of ST use among male collegiate baseball athletes.Design: Stratified, cluster-randomized controlled trial.Setting: Fifty-two California colleges.Patients or Other Participant(s): A total of 883 subjects in 27 intervention colleges and 702 subjects in 25 control colleges participated, as did 48 certified athletic trainers.Intervention(s): For college athletic trainers and associated dental professionals, a 3-hour video conference, and for collegiate athletes, an oral cancer screening with feedback and brief counseling during the preseason health screenings, athletic trainer support for cessation, and a peer-led educational baseball team meeting.Main Outcome Measure(s): The subjects' ST use over 1 year was assessed by self-report. At the end of the study, the certified athletic trainers were mailed a survey assessing their tobacco use and perceptions and behavior related to tobacco control in the athletic environment. We used multivariable logistic regression models for clustered responses (generalized estimating equations) to test the difference between groups in ST-use initiation and cessation and to identify significant overall predictors of noninitiation and cessation of ST use.Results: Of the 1585 athletes recruited, 1248 (78.7%) were followed up at 12 months. In addition, 48 of the 52 athletic trainers (92%) responded to the 1-year follow-up survey. The ST-use initiation (incidence) was 5.1% in intervention colleges and 8.4% in control colleges (generalized estimating equation odds ratio = 0.58, 95% confidence interval = 0.35-0.99). Predictors of ST noninitiation were low lifetime tobacco and monthly alcohol use (odds ratio = 1.98, 95% confidence interval = 1.40- 2.82) and athletic trainers' report that the baseball coach supported ST-use prevention activities (odds ratio = 1.43, 95% confidence interval = 1.11-1.83). Although at 1 year, cessation of ST use was relatively high in both groups (36%), we noted no significant difference between the groups (odd ratio = 0.94, 95% confidence interval = 0.70-1.27).Conclusions: The intervention was significantly effective in preventing incident ST use but did not significantly increase cessation beyond that seen in the control group. The latter finding is inconsistent with previous studies and may be explained by spillover of the intervention to control colleges, other anti-tobacco activity in control colleges, and/or the small sample of dependent ST users enrolled in the study.
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Gansky SA, Ellison JA, Kavanagh C, Hilton JF, Walsh MM. Oral screening and brief spit tobacco cessation counseling: a review and findings. J Dent Educ 2002; 66:1088-98. [PMID: 12374270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/26/2023]
Abstract
This paper reviews five randomized controlled trials of brief spit (smokeless) tobacco (ST) cessation treatment by dental professionals consisting of oral cancer screening, cessation advice, self-help materials, and brief cessation counseling by a dental hygienist. In addition, original two-year findings from a randomized controlled trial to determine the effect of a dental-directed, peer-assisted ST intervention among high school baseball athletes in rural California (n=1084) are reported. In the latter study, results show sustained quitting at two years of 23 percent (32/141) in the intervention group and 13 percent (21/166) in the control group (OR=2.0, 95% CI 1.1-3.9) with subjects lost-to-follow-up considered non-quitters. The evidence presented supports the efficacy of oral screening and brief cessation counseling by dental professionals to promote ST cessation in the dental office or in athletic facilities. In addition, recommendations for policy and future research are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stuart A Gansky
- University of California, San Francisco, School of Dentistry, Department of Preventive and Restorative Dental Sciences, 94143-1361, USA
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20
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Schwartz MD, Hughes C, Roth J, Main D, Peshkin BN, Isaacs C, Kavanagh C, Lerman C. Spiritual faith and genetic testing decisions among high-risk breast cancer probands. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2000; 9:381-5. [PMID: 10794482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite widespread access to genetic testing for the BRCA1 and BRCA2 breast cancer susceptibility genes, little is known about rates or predictors of test use among individuals from newly ascertained high-risk families who have self-referred for genetic counseling/testing. The objective of this study was to examine rates of test use within this population. In addition, we sought to determine whether spiritual faith and psychological factors influenced testing decisions. Participants were 290 women with familial breast cancer. All were offered genetic counseling and testing for alterations in the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes. Baseline levels of spiritual faith, cancer-specific distress, perceived risk, and demographic factors were examined to identify independent predictors of whether participants received versus declined testing. The final logistic model revealed statistically significant main effects for spiritual faith [odds ratio (OR), 0.2; 95% confidence intervals (CIs), 0.1 and 0.5] and perceived ovarian cancer risk (OR, 2.4; 95% CIs, 1.3 and 4.7) and a statistically significant spiritual faith by perceived risk interaction effect. Among women who perceived themselves to be at low risk of developing breast cancer again, those with higher levels of spiritual faith were significantly less likely to be tested, compared with those with lower levels of faith (OR, 0.2; 95% CIs, 0.1 and 0.5). However, among women with high levels of perceived risk, rates of test use were high, regardless of levels of spiritual faith (OR, 1.2; 95% CIs, 0.4 and 3.0). These results highlight the role that spirituality may play in the decision-making process about genetic testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- M D Schwartz
- Lombardi Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20007, USA.
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21
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Truby K, Wood C, Stein J, Cella J, Carpenter J, Kavanagh C, Swain G, Wiebe D, Lapota D, Meyer A, Holm E, Wendt D, Smith C, Montemarano J. Evaluation of the performance enhancement of silicone biofouling-release coatings by oil incorporation. Biofouling 2000; 15:141-50. [PMID: 22115299 DOI: 10.1080/08927010009386305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
In response to increased evidence of ecosystem damage by toxic antifouling paints, many researchers have developed nontoxic silicone fouling release coatings. The fouling release capability of these Systems may be improved by adding nonbonding silicone oils to the coating matrix. This idea has been tested by comparing the adhesion strength of hard- and soft-fouling organisms on a cured polydimethylsilicone (PDMS) network to that of the same network containing free polydi-methyldiphenylsilicone (PDMDPS) oil at five exposure sites in North America and Hawaii. Fouling coverage is discussed, together with the bioadhesion data, to emphasize that although these coatings foul the fouling is easily removed. The partitioning of the incorporated oil upon exposure of the coatings to a simulated marine environment containing sediment was determined. Less than 1.1 wt% of the incorporated oil was lost from the coating over one year, and the toxicity of these coatings was shown to be minimal to shrimp and fish. Brush abrasion wear was greater for coatings containing free oil, but the modulus of elasticity was not appreciably decreased by the addition of 10wt% free oil.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Truby
- a GE Corporate Research and Development , K1-4B33, One Research Circle , Niskayuna , NY , 12309 , USA
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22
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Abstract
Both primary upper second molars were extracted from a young male patient. The left had a normal root pattern but the right had four well-defined roots. The accessory root appeared to be the mesiopalatal which had a distinctly rounded cross-sectional profile. The other roots had the typical form characteristic of primary molar roots. Some degree of bifurcation can occur in the mesiobuccal roots of upper molars and the accessory root described in this report may represent an extreme example of such bifurcation.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Kavanagh
- Department of Orthodontics, King's College Hospital Dental School, London, UK
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23
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Holland TJ, Lucey S, Kavanagh C, O'Mullane DM. Costs in providing facilities for treatment of handicapped patients under general anaesthesia. J Ir Dent Assoc 1998; 43:72-5. [PMID: 9584756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The cost of providing dental treatment for severely mentally/physically handicapped patients under general anaesthesia in a specially designed unit are investigated in this study. The costs involved in the provision of such treatment were found to be high at 613 IR Pounds per patient. It is recommended that the full potential of primary care services for handicapped patients be developed in order to reduce the use of these necessary, but expensive secondary care facilities. It is also recommended that such facilities should be shared with other services in order to reduce overall costs.
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Affiliation(s)
- T J Holland
- Oral Health Services Research Centre, University College, Cork
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24
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Abstract
The present study was undertaken to determine whether acute physical dependence occurred in guinea-pigs in vivo and guinea-pig isolated ileum following a single dose of the kappa-opioid receptor agonist U50,488H. Administration of naloxone hydrochloride, 15 and 30 mg/kg s.c., to guinea-pigs treated 1 h before with U50,488H, 10 mg/kg s.c., induced increased locomotor activity accompanied by behavioural responses which differed from those previously found in this species with morphine withdrawal. Nor-binaltorphimine, 10 mg/kg s.c., given 1 h after administration of U50,488H, 10 mg/kg s.c., produced a small but significant increase in locomotor activity but no other withdrawal behaviours. The morphine withdrawal response was not significantly affected by U50,488H, 1 or 10 mg/kg s.c. On the guinea-pig isolated ileum, nor-binaltorphimine, 1 microM, produced a withdrawal contracture following 2 min contact of the ileum with U50,488H 1 microM. U50,488H, 1 microM, abolished the [Met5]enkephalin withdrawal response of the ileum. It is concluded that dependence occurs following activation of kappa-opioid receptors, which is largely non-morphine-like in the central nervous system, but which is morphine-like in the enteric nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- P J Brent
- Neuropharmacology Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, University of Newcastle, NSW, Australia
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25
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Kavanagh C, Freeman R. Should children participate in burn care? Am J Nurs 1984; 84:601. [PMID: 6562849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
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26
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Kavanagh C. A new approach to dressing change in the severely burned child and its effect on burn-related psychopathology. Heart Lung 1983; 12:612-9. [PMID: 6556175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
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27
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Kavanagh C. Psychological intervention with the severely burned child: report of an experimental comparison of two approaches and their effects on psychological sequelae. J Am Acad Child Psychiatry 1983; 22:145-56. [PMID: 6841835 DOI: 10.1016/s0002-7138(09)62328-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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28
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Kavanagh C. Alternative approach to burned children. Am J Psychiatry 1983; 140:268-9. [PMID: 6849459 DOI: 10.1176/ajp.140.2.268b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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29
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Kavanagh C. Emotional abuse and mental injury. A critique of the concepts and a recommendation for practice. J Am Acad Child Psychiatry 1982; 21:171-7. [PMID: 7069083 DOI: 10.1016/s0002-7138(09)60916-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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30
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Kavanagh C. The severely burned child. A portrait of need and giving. MCN Am J Matern Child Nurs 1977; 2:223. [PMID: 405542 DOI: 10.1097/00005721-197707000-00009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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