1
|
Lang E, Reid N, Garrison L, Parish C, Allain JP. Pre-Irradiation Comparison of W-Based Alloys for the PHENIX Campaign: Microstructure, Composition, and Mechanical Properties. Fusion Science and Technology 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/15361055.2019.1602400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eric Lang
- University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Department of Nuclear, Plasma, and Radiological Engineering, Urbana, Illinois
| | - Nathan Reid
- University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Department of Nuclear, Plasma, and Radiological Engineering, Urbana, Illinois
| | - Lauren Garrison
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Materials Science and Technology Division, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831
| | - Chad Parish
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Materials Science and Technology Division, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831
| | - J. P. Allain
- University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Department of Nuclear, Plasma, and Radiological Engineering, Urbana, Illinois
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Garrison LM, Katoh Y, Geringer JW, Akiyoshi M, Chen X, Fukuda M, Hasegawa A, Hinoki T, Hu X, Koyanagi T, Lang E, McAlister M, McDuffee J, Miyazawa T, Parish C, Proehl E, Reid N, Robertson J, Wang H. PHENIX U.S.-Japan Collaboration Investigation of Thermal and Mechanical Properties of Thermal Neutron–Shielded Irradiated Tungsten. Fusion Science and Technology 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/15361055.2019.1602390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Yutai Katoh
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee
| | | | - Masafumi Akiyoshi
- Osaka Prefecture University, Radiation Research Center, Sakai, Japan
| | - Xiang Chen
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee
| | | | | | | | - Xunxiang Hu
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee
| | | | - Eric Lang
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee
- University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Illinois
| | | | | | | | - Chad Parish
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee
| | - Emily Proehl
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee
| | - Nathan Reid
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee
- University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Illinois
| | | | - Hsin Wang
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Youchison D, Brezinsek S, Lumsdaine A, Klett J, Coenen J, Parish C, Ievlev A, Oelmann J, Li C, Rasinski M, Martynova Y, Linsmeier C, Ertmer S, Kreter A. Plasma exposures of a high-conductivity graphitic foam for plasma facing components. Nuclear Materials and Energy 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nme.2018.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
|
4
|
Cao G, Singh DJ, Zhang XG, Samolyuk G, Qiao L, Parish C, Jin K, Zhang Y, Guo H, Tang S, Wang W, Yi J, Cantoni C, Siemons W, Payzant EA, Biegalski M, Ward TZ, Mandrus D, Stocks GM, Gai Z. Ferromagnetism and nonmetallic transport of thin-film α-FeSi(2): a stabilized metastable material. Phys Rev Lett 2015; 114:147202. [PMID: 25910157 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.114.147202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
A metastable phase α-FeSi_{2} was epitaxially stabilized on a silicon substrate using pulsed laser deposition. Nonmetallic and ferromagnetic behaviors are tailored on α-FeSi_{2} (111) thin films, while the bulk material of α-FeSi_{2} is metallic and nonmagnetic. The transport property of the films renders two different conducting states with a strong crossover at 50 K, which is accompanied by the onset of a ferromagnetic transition as well as a substantial magnetoresistance. These experimental results are discussed in terms of the unusual electronic structure of α-FeSi_{2} obtained within density functional calculations and Boltzmann transport calculations with and without strain. Our finding sheds light on achieving ferromagnetic semiconductors through both their structure and doping tailoring, and provides an example of a tailored material with rich functionalities for both basic research and practical applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guixin Cao
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
| | - D J Singh
- Materials Science and Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831-6056, USA
| | - X-G Zhang
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
| | - German Samolyuk
- Materials Science and Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831-6056, USA
| | - Liang Qiao
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
| | - Chad Parish
- Materials Science and Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831-6056, USA
| | - Ke Jin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA
| | - Yanwen Zhang
- Materials Science and Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831-6056, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA
| | - Hangwen Guo
- Materials Science and Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831-6056, USA
| | - Siwei Tang
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA
| | - Wenbin Wang
- Materials Science and Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831-6056, USA
| | - Jieyu Yi
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA
| | - Claudia Cantoni
- Materials Science and Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831-6056, USA
| | - Wolter Siemons
- Materials Science and Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831-6056, USA
| | - E Andrew Payzant
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
| | - Michael Biegalski
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
| | - T Z Ward
- Materials Science and Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831-6056, USA
| | - David Mandrus
- Materials Science and Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831-6056, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA
| | - G M Stocks
- Materials Science and Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831-6056, USA
| | - Zheng Gai
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Frantti J, Fujioka Y, Puretzky A, Xie Y, Ye ZG, Parish C, Glazer AM. Phase transitions and thermal-stress-induced structural changes in a ferroelectric Pb(Zr0.80Ti0.20)O3 single crystal. J Phys Condens Matter 2015; 27:025901. [PMID: 25531118 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/27/2/025901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
A single crystal of lead-zirconate-titanate, composition Pb(Zr0.80Ti0.20)O3, was studied by polarized-Raman scattering as a function of temperature. Raman spectra reveal that the local structure deviates from the average structure in both ferroelectric and paraelectric phases. We show that the crystal possesses several, inequivalent complex domain boundaries which show no sign of instability even 200 K above the ferroelectric-to-paraelectric phase transition temperature TC. Two types of boundaries are addressed. The first boundary was formed between ferroelectric domains below TC. This boundary remained stable up to the highest measurement temperatures, and stabilized the domains so that they had the same orientation after repeated heating and cooling cycles. These domains transformed normally to the cubic paraelectric phase. Another type of boundary was formed at 673 K and exhibited no signs of instability up to 923 K. The boundary formation was reversible: it formed and vanished between 573 and 673 K during heating and cooling, respectively. A model in which the crystal is divided into thin slices with different Zr/Ti ratios is proposed. The physical mechanism behind the thermal-stress-induced structural changes is related to the different thermal expansion of the slices, which forces the domain to grow similarly after each heating and cooling cycle. The results are interesting for non-volatile memory development, as it implies that the original ferroelectric state can be restored after the material has been transformed to the paraelectric phase. It also suggests that a low-symmetry structure, stable up to high temperatures, can be prepared through controlled deposition of layers with desired compositions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Frantti
- Finnish Research and Engineering, Jaalaranta 9 B 42, 00180 Helsinki, Finland
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Langfitt D, Parish C, Dallas M. Regulatory T Cells Facilitate Thymic Recovery After HSCT by Directly Enhancing Immigration of Donor Derived Thymic Progenitors. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbmt.2010.12.239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
7
|
Rawal N, Parish C, Castelo-Branco G, Arenas E. Inhibition of JNK increases survival of transplanted dopamine neurons in Parkinsonian rats. Cell Death Differ 2006; 14:381-3. [PMID: 16858428 DOI: 10.1038/sj.cdd.4402010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
|
8
|
Parish C. Students on course. Nurs Stand 2001; 16:16-8. [PMID: 11977716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
|
9
|
Wall D, Douglas S, Ferro V, Cowden W, Parish C. Characterisation of the anticoagulant properties of a range of structurally diverse sulfated oligosaccharides. Thromb Res 2001; 103:325-35. [PMID: 11562342 DOI: 10.1016/s0049-3848(01)00314-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
In this study, 17 sulfated oligosaccharides were assessed by the activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) test for their anticoagulant activity and nine were found to exhibit significant activity. Chain length, monosaccharide makeup, and linkage all appear to be critical factors in determining anticoagulant activity, with the most active compounds being five- to sixfold less potent than unfractionated heparin (UFH). Phosphomannopentaose sulfate (PI-88), one of the most active sulfated oligosaccharides and a promising anticancer drug, was selected for further study. PI-88 gave a more linear APTT dose-response curve and displayed less patient-to-patient variation than UFH, with its activity being neutralised by protamine sulfate. However, PI-88 showed considerable species-to-species variation in its anticoagulant effect. It was found that PI-88 acted as an anticoagulant by enhancing the ability of heparin cofactor II (HCII) to inhibit thrombin, and did not act via antithrombin III (AT-III) in either inhibiting Factor Xa or thrombin. PI-88 also mildly prolonged the prothrombin time (PT), whilst it had no platelet pro-aggregatory activity, nor did it demonstrate direct fibrinolytic activity. Thus, PI-88 represents a potential antithrombotic agent deserving further study.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D Wall
- Research and Development Unit, Australian Red Cross Blood Service-Victoria, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Parish C. Team effort. Nurs Stand 2001; 15:20-1. [PMID: 12214372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/19/2023]
|
11
|
Parish C. Room for improvement. Nurs Stand 2001; 15:16-7. [PMID: 12212428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/26/2023]
|
12
|
|
13
|
Parish C. You've got the power. Nurs Stand 2001; 15:18-9. [PMID: 12216282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/26/2023]
|
14
|
|
15
|
|
16
|
Griffiths J, Parish C. Stuck in the middle again. Nurs Stand 2001; 15:13. [PMID: 12211808 DOI: 10.7748/ns.15.21.13.s34] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
17
|
Parish C. Full marks for effort. Nurs Stand 2001; 15:20-1. [PMID: 12211840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/26/2023]
|
18
|
Parish C. First three trusts receive CHI seal of approval. Nurs Stand 2000; 15:8. [PMID: 11971554 DOI: 10.7748/ns.15.15.8.s21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
19
|
Parish C. Whistling in the dark. Nurs Stand 2000; 15:13. [PMID: 11971557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
|
20
|
Parish C. Spanish nurses claim they weren't consulted on deal. Nurs Stand 2000; 15:4. [PMID: 11971566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
|
21
|
Parish C. Government will pay for leadership training courses. Nurs Stand 2000; 15:5. [PMID: 11971568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
|
22
|
|
23
|
Parish C. Overseas staff complain of difficulties in registering. Nurs Stand 2000; 15:7. [PMID: 11971257 DOI: 10.7748/ns.15.10.7.s17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
24
|
Parish C. Brighton flock. Nurs Stand 2000; 15:14-5. [PMID: 11971519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
|
25
|
|
26
|
Parish C. Desperate trusts pay three times more for agency staff. Nurs Stand 2000; 15:4. [PMID: 11971468 DOI: 10.7748/ns.15.8.4.s5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
27
|
Parish C. Government offers five options for prescribing. Nurs Stand 2000; 15:5. [PMID: 11971440 DOI: 10.7748/ns.15.7.5.s8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
28
|
Lipley N, Parish C. Rewarding experience. Nurs Stand 2000; 15:12-3. [PMID: 11971502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
|
29
|
Parish C. A step in the right direction. Nurs Stand 2000; 15:12. [PMID: 11971479 DOI: 10.7748/ns.15.4.12.s33] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
30
|
|
31
|
Parish C. Too close for comfort. Healthcare staff are more likely to be stalked than any other professional group. Nurs Stand 2000; 15:12-3. [PMID: 11971401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
|
32
|
Parish C. Celebrating diversity. Nurs Stand 2000; 15:15-6. [PMID: 11971375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/18/2023]
|
33
|
|
34
|
|
35
|
|
36
|
Parish C. Research: time for some executive action. Nurs Stand 2000; 14:12-3. [PMID: 11974245 DOI: 10.7748/ns.14.36.12.s28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
37
|
Parish C. Mental health services for older people. Nurs Stand 2000; 14:31. [PMID: 11309924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
|
38
|
Parish C. Cloning of the prometastatic enzyme heparanase. Pharmacotherapy 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s0753-3322(00)89055-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
39
|
Parish C. 1999 report into perioperative deaths: extremes of age. Nurs Stand 2000; 14:31. [PMID: 11209418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
|
40
|
Parish C. Thrilled in action. Nurs Stand 1999; 14:16-7. [PMID: 10855168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
|
41
|
|
42
|
Lipley N, Parish C. Racism in the NHS. Nurs Stand 1999; 13:13. [PMID: 10347452 DOI: 10.7748/ns.13.26.13.s33] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
43
|
|
44
|
Abstract
Working in a busy intensive therapy unit can be psychologically demanding. A reflective practice group was set up to provide staff with a forum for discussion and support in an effort to manage the stress of caring in such an environment. There was no planned agenda and staff were encouraged to speak freely about both the rewarding and exacting aspects of the job. The weekly sessions were facilitated by staff from outside and unit. Their approach encouraged staff to develop and share their insights and experiences and helped to generate new ways of coping with the personal, interpersonal and professional demands of their work.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Parish
- Faculty of Health Studies, Middlesex University
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Fulcher DA, Lyons AB, Korn SL, Cook MC, Koleda C, Parish C, Fazekas de St Groth B, Basten A. The fate of self-reactive B cells depends primarily on the degree of antigen receptor engagement and availability of T cell help. J Exp Med 1996; 183:2313-28. [PMID: 8642340 PMCID: PMC2192557 DOI: 10.1084/jem.183.5.2313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 210] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Self-reactive B cells from tolerant double-transgenic (Dbl-Tg) mice coexpressing hen egg lysozyme (HEL) and rearranged anti-HEL immunoglobulin genes have a relatively short life span when compared to normal B cells, irrespective of whether they are exposed to antigen in multivalent membrane-bound form (mHEL-Dbl-Tg mice) or soluble form (sHEL-Dbl-Tg mice). The factors responsible for determining the fate of these B cells after encounter with self-antigen were investigated using a cell-tracking technique in which anti-HEL Ig-Tg spleen cells were labeled with the intracellular dye 5-carboxyfluorescein diacetate-succinimidyl ester (CFSE) and injected either into non-Tg recipients or a variety of HEL-Tg hosts. In non-Tg recipients, HEL-binding B cells persisted in the circulation and could be detected in the follicles of the spleen for at least 5 d. On transfer into either mHEL-Tg or sHEL-Tg hosts, they underwent activation and then rapidly disappeared from the blood and spleen over the next 3 d, consistent with the short life span reported previously. Immunohistology of spleens from sHEL-Tg recipients indicated that the transferred B cells had migrated to the outer margins of the periarteriolar lymphoid sheath (PALS), where they were detectable for 24 h before being lost. The positioning of B cells in the outer PALS depended on a critical threshold of Ig receptor binding corresponding to a serum HEL concentration between 0.5 and 15 ng/ml, but was not restricted to endogenously expressed HEL in that the same migratory pattern was observed after transfer into non-Tg recipients given exogenous (foreign) HEL. Moreover, bone marrow-derived immature Ig-Tg B cells homed to the outer PALS of sHEL-Tg mice and then disappeared at the same rate as mature B cells, indicating that the stage of maturation did not influence the fate of self-reactive B cells in a tolerant environment. On the other hand, HEL-binding B cells transferred into sHEL-Dbl-Tg recipients persisted over the 3-d period of study, apparently due to insufficient availability of antigen, as indicated by the fact that the degree of Ig receptor downregulation on the transferred B cells was much less than in sHEL-Tg recipients. If T cell help was provided to Ig-Tg B cells at the time of transfer into sHEL-Tg recipients in the form of preactivated CD4+ T cells specific for major histocompatibility complex-peptide complexes on the B cell surface, HEL-binding B cells migrated through the outer PALS of the spleen to the follicle, where they formed germinal centers, or to adjacent red pulp, where they formed proliferative foci and secreted significant amounts of anti-HEL antibody. Taken together, these results indicated that the outcome of the interaction between self-antigen and B cells is largely determined by a combination of the degree of receptor engagement and availability of T cell help.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D A Fulcher
- Centenary Institute of Cancer Medicine and Cell Biology, Newtown, Sydney, Australia
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Lynch G, Low L, Li S, Sloane A, Adams S, Parish C, Kemp B, Cunningham AL. Sulfated polyanions prevent HIV infection of lymphocytes by disruption of the CD4-gp120 interaction, but do not inhibit monocyte infection. J Leukoc Biol 1994; 56:266-72. [PMID: 7521897 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.56.3.266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Sulfated polyanions (SPs) bind variably to lymphocyte-expressed CD4 and inhibit binding of monoclonal antibodies to the first two domains of CD4. To further define this interaction, soluble recombinant CD4 (sCD4; four extracellular domains), its truncated amino-terminal two-domain derivative, and three linear peptide analogues spanning residues 6-60 (6-24, 20-40, 41-60) in the first domain were investigated for SP binding. Dextran sulfate (DXS) (500 kDa), polyvinyl sulfate, fucoidan, and carrageenan-kappa, each immobilized on carboxymethyl cellulose fibers, bound strongly to both the two-domain and four-domain recombinant CD4 molecules (similar to that observed with native CD4), whereas dextran sulfate (5 kDa), chondroitin 6-sulfate, and pentosan sulfate bound relatively poorly. No peptide binding to SPs was observed. Recombinant gp120 bound poorly (< 10%) to all of the immobilized polyanions, except pentosan sulfate (17%), for which some binding was noted. Binding of radiolabeled V3 loop peptide to SPs was slightly greater, with 20-30% binding to polyvinyl sulfate, dextran sulfate (500 kDa), and pentosan sulfate. Competitive binding studies demonstrated the predominance of sCD4 rather than rgp120 binding to SPs and supported previous data demonstrating a binding site for DXS (500 kDa) on the first domain of CD4 adjacent to the gp120 binding site and recognized by OKT4C and E monoclonal antibodies. Hence disruption of the CD4-gp120 interaction is probably responsible for most of the observed antiviral activity of SPs toward HIV infection of lymphocytes. However, HIV infection and gp120 binding to monocytes was unaffected by SPs, probably because SPs were unable to block the CD4-gp 120 interaction in monocytes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G Lynch
- Department of Virology, Westmead Hospital, Australia
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Parish C, Cook S. Back to the future: New Year's revolution. Nurs Stand 1993; 7:46. [PMID: 8443075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
|
48
|
|
49
|
Koch-Weser J, Sidel VW, Dexter M, Parish C, Finer DC, Kanarek P. Adverse reactions to sulfisoxazole, sulfamethoxazole, and nitrofurantoin. Manifestations and specific reaction rates during 2,118 courses of therapy. Arch Intern Med 1971; 128:399-404. [PMID: 4255247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
|
50
|
Abstract
Thirty-two mediastinal neural tumours were seen in the East Anglian Regional Thoracic Surgical Unit at Cambridge between October 1952 and July 1970. The descending order of frequency was neurofibroma, ganglioneuroma, neurilemmoma, neurofibrosarcoma, and neuroblastoma. The literature relating to these tumours is reviewed and the pathological and clinical complications encountered in this series and in the literature are described.
Collapse
|