1
|
P Pack R, G Healton C, Galea S. Maximizing Public Benefit From Opioid Settlement Resources. Milbank Q 2020; 98:26-30. [PMID: 32077520 PMCID: PMC7077788 DOI: 10.1111/1468-0009.12450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Robert P Pack
- East Tennessee State University College of Public Health.,ASPPH Task Force on Public Health Initiatives to Address the Opioid Crisis
| | - Cheryl G Healton
- ASPPH Task Force on Public Health Initiatives to Address the Opioid Crisis.,New York University College of Global Public Health
| | - Sandro Galea
- Boston University School of Public Health, ASPPH Board of Directors
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study is a follow-up to an examination of the racial/ethnic composition of public health students (1996) and faculty (1997) at schools of public health that was conducted 20 years ago. We examined data on the race/ethnicity of students, graduates, and faculty among Association of Schools and Programs of Public Health (ASPPH)-member institutions during 2016-2017 and how these data have changed in the past 20 years. METHODS We obtained data on the race/ethnicity of students (in 1996 and 2016), graduates (in 1996 and 2016), and faculty (in 1997 and 2017) at ASPPH-member institutions from the ASPPH Data Center. We tabulated frequencies, percentages, and 20-year percentage-point changes by race/ethnicity. We examined data for all current ASPPH-member institutions and for comparable subcohorts of 1996 and 1997 member institutions that are current ASPPH members. RESULTS In graduate student enrollment, the 20-year increase in each nonwhite racial/ethnic subgroup was ≤5 percentage points. Among tenured faculty, the 20-year increase was greatest among Asians (8 percentage points) but was <3 percentage points for black, Hispanic, and Native American faculty. CONCLUSIONS The increasing racial/ethnic diversity among students, graduates, and faculty in schools and programs of public health contributes to parallel increases in racial/ethnic diversity in the public health workforce. Schools and programs of public health should recruit clusters of racial/ethnic minority students using holistic application review processes, provide enrolled students with racially/ethnically diverse role models and mentors, and dedicate staffing to ensure a student-centered approach. In addition, those who mentor racially/ethnically diverse students and junior faculty should be rewarded.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Melody S Goodman
- College of Global Public Health, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Christine M Plepys
- Association of Schools and Programs of Public Health, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Jemar R Bather
- College of Global Public Health, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Rita M Kelliher
- Association of Schools and Programs of Public Health, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Cheryl G Healton
- College of Global Public Health, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Affiliation(s)
- Cheryl G Healton
- Cheryl G. Healton is with the College of Global Public Health, New York University, New York, NY
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Aelion CM, Airhihenbuwa CO, Alemagno S, Amler RW, Arnett DK, Balas A, Bertozzi S, Blakely CH, Boerwinkle E, Brandt-Rauf P, Buekens PM, Chandler GT, Chang RW, Clark JE, Cleary PD, Curran JW, Curry SJ, Diez Roux AV, Dittus R, Ellerbeck EF, El-Mohandes A, Eriksen MP, Erwin PC, Evans G, Finnegan JR, Fried LP, Frumkin H, Galea S, Goff DC, Goldman LR, Guilarte TR, Rivera-Gutiérrez R, Halverson PK, Hand GA, Harris CM, Healton CG, Hennig N, Heymann J, Hunter D, Hwang W, Jones RM, Klag MJ, Klesges LM, Lahey T, Lawlor EF, Maddock J, Martin WJ, Mazzaschi AJ, Michael M, Mohammed SD, Nasca PC, Nash D, Ogunseitan OA, Perez RA, Perri M, Petersen DJ, Peterson DV, Philbert M, Pinto-Martin J, Raczynski JM, Raskob GE, Rimer BK, Rohrbach LA, Rudkin LL, Siminoff L, Szapocznik J, Thombs D, Torabi MR, Weiler RM, Wetle TF, Williams PL, Wykoff R, Ying J. The US Cancer Moonshot initiative. Lancet Oncol 2016; 17:e178-80. [PMID: 27301041 DOI: 10.1016/s1470-2045(16)30054-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2016] [Accepted: 04/03/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C Marjorie Aelion
- University of Massachusetts-Amherst School of Public Health and Health Sciences, Amherst, MA, USA
| | | | - Sonia Alemagno
- Kent State University College of Public Health, Kent, OH, USA
| | - Robert W Amler
- School of Health Sciences and Practice and Institute of Public Health, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, USA
| | - Donna K Arnett
- University of Kentucky College of Public Health, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Andrew Balas
- College of Allied Health Sciences, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Stefano Bertozzi
- University of California, Berkeley School of Public Health, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Craig H Blakely
- University of Louisville School of Public Health and Information Sciences, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Eric Boerwinkle
- University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston School of Public Health, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Paul Brandt-Rauf
- University of Illinois at Chicago School of Public Health, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Pierre M Buekens
- Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - G Thomas Chandler
- University of South Carolina Arnold School of Public Health, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Rowland W Chang
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jane E Clark
- University of Maryland School of Public Health, College Park, MD, USA
| | | | - James W Curran
- Emory University Rollins School of Public Health, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Susan J Curry
- University of Iowa College of Public Health, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Ana V Diez Roux
- Drexel University Dornsife School of Public Health, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Robert Dittus
- Vanderbilt University Institute for Medicine and Public Health, Nashville, TN, USA
| | | | | | | | - Paul C Erwin
- Department of Public Health, University of Tennessee-Knoxville, Knoxville TN, USA
| | - Gregory Evans
- Georgia Southern University Jiann-Ping Hsu College of Public Health, Statesboro, GA, USA
| | - John R Finnegan
- University of Minnesota School of Public Health, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Linda P Fried
- Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Howard Frumkin
- University of Washington School of Public Health, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Sandro Galea
- Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - David C Goff
- Colorado School of Public Health, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Lynn R Goldman
- Milken Institute School of Public Health at the George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Tomas R Guilarte
- Florida International University Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, Miami, FL, USA
| | | | - Paul K Halverson
- Indiana University Richard M Fairbanks School of Public Health - Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Gregory A Hand
- West Virginia University School of Public Health, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Cynthia M Harris
- Institute of Public Health, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Cheryl G Healton
- New York University College of Global Public Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Nils Hennig
- Graduate Program in Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jody Heymann
- UCLA Jonathan and Karin Fielding School of Public Health, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - David Hunter
- Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Wenke Hwang
- Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Resa M Jones
- Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Michael J Klag
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Lisa M Klesges
- University of Memphis School of Public Health, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Tim Lahey
- Dartmouth-Geisel School of Medicine, Hanover, NH, USA
| | - Edward F Lawlor
- Washington University in St Louis Brown School Public Health Programs, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Jay Maddock
- Texas A&M School of Public Health, College Station, TX, USA
| | - William J Martin
- The Ohio State University College of Public Health, Columbus, OH, USA
| | | | - Max Michael
- University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Public Health, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Shan D Mohammed
- MPH Program in Urban Health, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Philip C Nasca
- University at Albany SUNY School of Public Health, Albany, NY, USA
| | - David Nash
- Jefferson College of Population Health, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Oladele A Ogunseitan
- Department of Population Health and Disease Prevention, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Ronald A Perez
- Joseph J Zilber School of Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Michael Perri
- University of Florida College of Public Health and Health Professions, Gainsville, FL, USA
| | | | | | - Martin Philbert
- University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | | | - James M Raczynski
- University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences Fay W Boozman College of Public Health, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Gary E Raskob
- University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center College of Public Health, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Barbara K Rimer
- University of North Carolina Gillings School of Global Public Health, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | | | - Laura L Rudkin
- University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston Graduate Program in Public Health, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Laura Siminoff
- Temple University College of Public Health, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - José Szapocznik
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Dennis Thombs
- University of North Texas Health Science Center School of Public Health, Fort Worth, TX, USA
| | - Mohammad R Torabi
- Indiana University School of Public Health-Bloomington, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - Robert M Weiler
- Department of Global and Community Health, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, USA
| | | | | | - Randy Wykoff
- East Tennessee State University College of Public Health, Johnson City, TN, USA
| | - Jun Ying
- University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Abstract
Knowledge of current public opinion is important as the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) applies the best scientific evidence available to tobacco product regulation. Based on a nationally representative survey of the US adult population, we report 43% support for banning of cigarettes, 65% for reducing nicotine, and 77% for reducing nicotine if such an action could cause fewer children to become addicted to cigarettes. The FDA should consider protecting children by removing all but non-addictive cigarettes from the marketplace.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gregory N Connolly
- Center for Global Tobacco Control, Department of Society, Human Development, and Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Abstract
The Doctor of Public Health (DrPH) Core Competency Model aspires to rigorously train future leaders of public health practice to direct and advance societal efforts that address socially rooted causes of health and illness. Although there is no proven formula for success, 3 principles derived from practice may guide the way forward: (1) institutionalize mutual learning and reciprocity between schools of public health and public health agencies and organizations, (2) capitalize on the full resources of the larger university to enrich the educational experiences of DrPH candidates and public health leaders, and (3) globalize the search for model DrPH programs that may be adapted for US schools. Schools of public health must ensure that DrPH programs gain the status and resources needed to fulfill their societal mandate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mary E Northridge
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Promotion, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY 10003-1402, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Affiliation(s)
- Cheryl G Healton
- American Legacy Foundation, 1724 Massachusetts Ave, NW, Washington, DC 20036, USA.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
|
9
|
Healton CG, Bullock AT, Robinson WS, Beck SE, Cartwright J, Eubanks SY. Why we should make menthol cigarettes history. Nicotine Tob Res 2011; 12 Suppl 2:S94-7. [PMID: 21177373 DOI: 10.1093/ntr/ntq177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
|
10
|
|
11
|
Heck JE, Stücker I, Allwright S, Gritz ER, Haglund M, Healton CG, Králíková E, Del Mazo SS, Tamang E, Dresler CM, Hashibe M. Home and workplace smoking bans in Italy, Ireland, Sweden, France and the Czech Republic. Eur Respir J 2010; 35:969-79. [PMID: 19926747 PMCID: PMC4629784 DOI: 10.1183/09031936.00066809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to report predictors and prevalence of home and workplace smoking bans in five European countries. We conducted a population-based telephone survey of 4,977 females, ascertaining factors associated with smoking bans. Odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals were derived using unconditional logistic regression. A complete home smoking ban was reported by 59.5% of French, 63.5% of Irish, 61.3% of Italian, 74.4% of Czech and 87.0% of Swedish females. Home smoking bans were associated with younger age and being bothered by secondhand smoke, and among smokers, inversely associated with greater tobacco dependence. Among nonsmokers, bans were also related to believing smoking is harmful (OR 1.20, 95% CI 1.11-1.30) and having parents who smoke (OR 0.62, 95% CI 0.52-0.73). Workplace bans were reported by 92.6% of French, 96.5% of Irish, 77.9% of Italian, 79.1% of Czech and 88.1% of Swedish females. Workplace smoking bans were reported less often among those in technical positions (OR 0.64, 95% CI 0.50-0.82) and among skilled workers (OR 0.53, 95% CI 0.32-0.88) than among professional workers. Workplace smoking bans are in place for most workers in these countries. Having a home smoking ban was based on smoking behaviour, demographics, beliefs and personal preference.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julia E. Heck
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
- School of Public Health and Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, US
| | | | - Shane Allwright
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Ellen R. Gritz
- Department of Behavioral Science, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, US
| | | | - Cheryl G. Healton
- American Legacy Foundation, Washington DC, US
- Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, US
| | - Eva Králíková
- Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
- 3 Medical Department - Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | | | - Elizabeth Tamang
- Regione del Veneto - Direzione Prevenzione, Servizio di Sanità Pubblica e Screening, Venezia, Italia
| | - Carolyn M. Dresler
- Tobacco Prevention and Cessation Program, Arkansas Department of Health, Little Rock, AR, US
| | - Mia Hashibe
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Abstract
CONTEXT The 1998 Master Settlement Agreement (MSA) restricted tobacco industry advertising practices that targeted teens. OBJECTIVE To assess whether cigarette-advertising campaigns conducted after the MSA continue to influence smoking among adolescents. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS Participants were a national longitudinal cohort of 1036 adolescents (baseline age: 10-13 years) enrolled in a parenting study. Between 2003 and 2008, 5 sequential telephone interviews were conducted, including the participant's report of brand of "favorite" cigarette advertisement. The fifth interview was conducted after the start of RJ Reynolds' innovative "Camel No. 9" advertising campaign in 2007. Smoking outcome reported from the fifth survey. RESULTS The response rate through the fifth survey was 71.8%. Teenagers who reported any favorite cigarette ad at baseline (mean age: 11.7 years) were 50% more likely to have smoked by the fifth interview (adjusted odds ratio: 1.5 [95% confidence interval: 1.0-2.3]). For boys, the proportion with a favorite ad was stable across all 5 surveys, as it was for girls across the first 4 surveys. However, after the start of the Camel No. 9 advertising campaign, the proportion of girls who reported a favorite ad increased by 10 percentage points, to 44%. The Camel brand accounted almost entirely for this increase, and the proportion of each gender that nominated the Marlboro brand remained relatively stable. CONCLUSIONS After the MSA, adolescents continued to be responsive to cigarette advertising, and those who were responsive were more likely to start smoking. Recent RJ Reynolds advertising may be effectively targeting adolescent girls.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John P Pierce
- Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Moores UCSD Cancer Center, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0901, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Malone RE, Healton CG. MISINFORMATION ABOUT TOBACCO. Am J Public Health 2010; 100:6; author reply 6-7. [DOI: 10.2105/ajph.2009.180711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ruth E. Malone
- Ruth E. Malone is with the Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, School of Nursing, University of California, San Francisco. Cheryl G. Healton is with the American Legacy Foundation, Washington, DC
| | - Cheryl G. Healton
- Ruth E. Malone is with the Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, School of Nursing, University of California, San Francisco. Cheryl G. Healton is with the American Legacy Foundation, Washington, DC
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Holtgrave DR, Wunderink KA, Vallone DM, Healton CG. Cost-utility analysis of the National truth campaign to prevent youth smoking. Am J Prev Med 2009; 36:385-8. [PMID: 19211214 DOI: 10.1016/j.amepre.2009.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2008] [Revised: 01/14/2009] [Accepted: 01/14/2009] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In 2005, the American Journal of Public Health published an article that indicated that 22% of the overall decline in youth smoking that occurred between 1999 and 2002 was directly attributable to the truth social marketing campaign launched in 2000. A remaining key question about the truth campaign is whether the economic investment in the program can be justified by the public health outcomes; that question is examined here. METHODS Standard methods of cost and cost-utility analysis were employed in accordance with the U.S. Panel on Cost-Effectiveness in Health and Medicine; a societal perspective was employed. RESULTS During 2000-2002, expenditures totaled just over $324 million to develop, deliver, evaluate, and litigate the truth campaign. The base-case cost-utility analysis result indicates that the campaign was cost saving; it is estimated that the campaign recouped its costs and that just under $1.9 billion in medical costs was averted for society. Sensitivity analysis indicated that the basic determination of cost effectiveness for this campaign is robust to substantial variation in input parameters. CONCLUSIONS This study suggests that the truth campaign not only markedly improved the public's health but did so in an economically efficient manner.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David R Holtgrave
- Department of Health, Behavior, and Society, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Healton CG. Issues, priorities, and political implications for cancer: an organization's perspective. J Cancer Educ 2009; 24:S24-S25. [PMID: 20024821 DOI: 10.1080/08858190903400443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
|
16
|
Nides M, Hund LM, Carothers S, McCausland KL, Duke JC, Xiao H, Balaoing M, Dale LC, Healton CG. Hollywood QuitsBehind the Scenes of a Hollywood-based Smoking Cessation Program. Am J Health Behav 2007. [DOI: 10.5993/ajhb.31.6.18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
|
17
|
Nides M, Hund LM, Carothers S, McCausland KL, Duke JC, Xiao H, Balaoing M, Dale LC, Healton CG. Hollywood quits--behind the scenes of a Hollywood-based smoking cessation program. Am J Health Behav 2007; 31:705-18. [PMID: 17691886 DOI: 10.5555/ajhb.2007.31.6.705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To develop, implement, and assess the efficacy of a comprehensive, evidence-based smoking cessation program for entertainment industry workers and their families. METHODS Study participants were recruited from 5 outpatient medical clinics and a worksite setting. Tobacco use data were collected during the initial counseling visit and at 6-month follow-up. Univariate and multivariate regressions were used in analysis. RESULTS More than 50% of participants (n=470) self-reported 7-day abstinence at follow-up. The majority of participants used combination cessation medications, with more than 50% still using at least 1 medication at 6 months. CONCLUSIONS This evidence-based smoking cessation program using behavioral counseling and combination pharmacotherapy was successful with entertainment industry workers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mitchell Nides
- Los Angeles Clinical Trials, Burbank, CA 91505, USA. mnides@laclinical trials.com
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Abstract
This paper describes adult women's knowledge of the leading causes of cancer mortality among women. Exposure to antismoking advertisements or media messages also is examined as a potentially effective mechanism for changing inaccurate beliefs. We used data from the 2002 and 2003 American Smoking and Health Survey (ASHES), a national telephone survey of adults, to measure women's knowledge about cancer mortality. Logistic regression models were used to estimate the likelihoods of women indicating either breast or lung cancer as the leading cause of cancer mortality among women. The independent influence of individual characteristics such as race, smoking status, education, and awareness of antismoking messages or advertising on women's knowledge of cancer mortality was assessed. Overall, 66.7% of women inaccurately indicated breast cancer as the leading cause of cancer death among women, whereas 29.7% of women correctly indicated lung cancer. Black women were 43% less likely than White women to indicate lung cancer as the leading cause of cancer mortality among women. Current smokers were 35% less likely than noncurrent smokers to state that lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer mortality among women. Awareness of antismoking messages or advertisements was associated with a higher probability of correctly indicating lung cancer as the leading cause of cancer mortality among women. Our evidence suggests that antismoking media messages may help to correct inaccurate beliefs about the leading causes of cancer death among women.
Collapse
|
19
|
Messeri PA, Allen JA, Mowery PD, Healton CG, Haviland ML, Gable JM, Pedrazzani SD. Do tobacco countermarketing campaigns increase adolescent under-reporting of smoking? Addict Behav 2007; 32:1532-6. [PMID: 17184931 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2006.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2006] [Revised: 10/17/2006] [Accepted: 11/10/2006] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
This study assesses whether a national anti-tobacco campaign for youth could create a social context that would elevate social desirability response bias on surveys, as measured by an increase in under-reporting of smoking. This could give rise to data that falsely suggest a campaign-induced decline in youth smoking, or it could exaggerate campaign effects. Data were obtained from a national sample of 5511 students from 48 high schools that were matched to schools sampled for the 2002 National Youth Tobacco Survey (NYTS). Self-reported smoking was compared with biochemical indicators of smoking, measured using saliva cotinine. The rate of under-reporting detected was 1.3%. Level of truth exposure was not related to under-reporting. This study suggests that for high school students, anti-tobacco campaigns are not an important cause of social desirability responses on surveys, and that in general under-reporting smoking is not a major source of error in school-based surveys.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peter A Messeri
- Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, Department of Sociomedical Sciences, 722 W. 168 St., Room 1121.4, New York, NY 10032, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Green MP, McCausland KL, Xiao H, Duke JC, Vallone DM, Healton CG. A closer look at smoking among young adults: where tobacco control should focus its attention. Am J Public Health 2007; 97:1427-33. [PMID: 17600242 PMCID: PMC1931459 DOI: 10.2105/ajph.2006.103945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We sought to fill gaps in knowledge of smoking behaviors among college-educated and non-college-educated young adults. METHODS We used data from the 2003 Tobacco Use Supplement of the Current Population Survey to analyze smoking behaviors among young adults aged 18-24 years and older young adults aged 25-34 years by college status (enrolled, or with a degree, but not enrolled) and other measures of socioeconomic position. RESULTS Current smoking prevalence among US young adults aged 18-24 years who are not enrolled in college or who do not have a college degree was 30%. This was more than twice the current smoking prevalence among college-educated young adults (14%). Non-college-educated young adults were more likely than were college-educated young adults to start smoking at a younger age and were less likely to have made a quit attempt, although no differences were found in their intentions to quit. Higher rates of smoking in the non-college-educated population were also evident in the slightly older age group. CONCLUSIONS Non-college-educated young adults smoke at more than twice the rate of their college-educated counterparts. Targeted prevention and cessation efforts are needed for non-college-educated young adults to prevent excess morbidity and mortality in later years.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Molly P Green
- American Legacy Foundation, Washington, DC 20036, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Gritz ER, Sarna L, Dresler C, Healton CG. Building a united front: aligning the agendas for tobacco control, lung cancer research, and policy. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2007; 16:859-63. [PMID: 17507605 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-07-0342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Our society bears a tremendous public health burden from tobacco-related disability and death, particularly in the realm of cancer. Yet research in lung cancer and other tobacco-related diseases research is dramatically underfunded when compared to the number of people affected. Persuading policy makers to increase funding for tobacco-related research, treatment, and policy initiatives will require considerable cooperation among the researchers, clinicians, and advocates who focus on tobacco control and those who concentrate on tobacco-related disease. Traditionally, these groups have battled over resources, expending precious energy competing for scarce funding. We propose a new way forward: these forces should come together in support of a common agenda that includes both increased tobacco control efforts and additional funding for disease-related research and treatment. Speaking with a unified voice in support of a full continuum of tobacco-related policy initiatives would significantly increase the size and influence of the coalition working to address this public health epidemic. Working together offers our nation the best chance of significantly reducing the scourge of disease and death caused by tobacco use.
Collapse
|
22
|
Hund LM, Farrelly MC, Allen JA, Chou RH, St Claire AW, Vallone DM, Healton CG. Findings and implications from a national study on potential reduced exposure products (PREPs). Nicotine Tob Res 2007; 8:791-7. [PMID: 17132527 DOI: 10.1080/14622200601004042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Tobacco companies have recently introduced products that they claim have reduced toxins and carcinogens, and that they say may be less harmful to smokers. These are potential reduced exposure products, or PREPs. This study measured smokers' awareness of PREPs, use of PREPs, interest in trying PREPs, and beliefs about the regulation of PREPs. This study was based on nationally representative data collected in 2002 and 2003 through the American Smoking and Health Survey. The final sample included 1,174 adult smokers. Descriptive and multivariate analyses were conducted to produce estimates and explore potential correlates of the outcomes. A total of 41.9% of adult smokers reported having heard of at least one of the PREPs measured, and 11.0% reported having tried one of these products. Half of adult smokers (49.9%) said they would like to try PREPs. Interest in trying PREPs was associated with having made a quit attempt, being concerned about the effect of smoking on one's health, and having a household income of less than US dollars 20,000. About half of adult smokers (49.1%) incorrectly believed that PREPs are evaluated for safety by the government before being placed on the market, and 84.2% believed that the government should evaluate the safety of PREPs before they are sold to consumers. This study provides new and timely information on the use of, interest in trying, and beliefs about the regulation of PREPs among a nationally representative sample of adult smokers. With half of adult smokers interested in trying PREPs, the need for concrete scientific evidence on the potential impact of these products is critical.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lisa M Hund
- RTI International, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Healton CG, Watson-Stryker ES, Allen JA, Vallone DM, Messeri PA, Graham PR, Stewart AM, Dobbins MD, Glantz SA. Televised movie trailers: undermining restrictions on advertising tobacco to youth. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 2006; 160:885-8. [PMID: 16953010 DOI: 10.1001/archpedi.160.9.885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the proportion of televised movie trailers that included images of tobacco use during 1 year and the extent of youth exposure to those trailers. DESIGN Content analysis combined with Nielsen data measuring media exposure. All movie trailers (N = 216) shown on television from August 1, 2001, through July 31, 2002. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Exposure among youth aged 12 to 17 years to televised movie trailers that included smoking imagery. RESULTS Of the movie trailers televised during the study period, 14.4% (31 trailers) included images of tobacco use. Tobacco use was shown in 24.0% of the 23 trailers for R-rated (restricted) movies and 7.5% of the 8 trailers for PG-13- and PG-rated (parental guidance) movies. Ninety-five percent of all youth aged 12 to 17 years in the United States saw at least 1 movie trailer depicting tobacco use on television during this 1 year, and 88.8% saw at least 1 of these trailers 3 or more times. CONCLUSIONS Nearly all US youth aged 12 to 17 years were exposed to images of tobacco use on television in the context of a movie trailer during the study period. Given the relationship between youth exposure to tobacco use in movies and smoking initiation, the public health community should work to enact policy to reduce or eliminate the influence of tobacco use in televised movie trailers.
Collapse
|
24
|
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To describe the prevalence of obesity, smoking, and both health risk factors together among adults in the United States. DESIGN Cross sectional analysis of a national health interview survey. SETTING United States. PARTICIPANTS 29 305 adults (aged > or = 18) in 2002. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Prevalence of adults who are obese (body mass index > or = 30), who smoke, and who are obese and smoke. Prevalence was stratified by age, sex, ethnic group, education, and income. RESULTS 23.5% of adults were obese, 22.7% smoked, and 4.7% smoked and were obese. CONCLUSIONS Although the proportion of adults who smoke and are obese is relatively low, this subgroup is concentrated among lower socioeconomic groups.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cheryl G Healton
- Columbia University, Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY, USA.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Farrelly MC, Davis KC, Haviland ML, Messeri P, Healton CG. Evidence of a dose-response relationship between "truth" antismoking ads and youth smoking prevalence. Am J Public Health 2005; 95:425-31. [PMID: 15727971 PMCID: PMC1449196 DOI: 10.2105/ajph.2004.049692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 358] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES In early 2000, the American Legacy Foundation launched the national "truth" campaign, the first national antismoking campaign to discourage tobacco use among youths. We studied the impact of the campaign on national smoking rates among US youths (students in grades 8, 10, and 12). METHODS We used data from the Monitoring the Future survey in a pre/post quasi-experimental design to relate trends in youth smoking prevalence to varied doses of the "truth" campaign in a national sample of approximately 50000 students in grades 8, 10, and 12, surveyed each spring from 1997 through 2002. RESULTS Findings indicate that the campaign accounted for a significant portion of the recent decline in youth smoking prevalence. We found that smoking prevalence among all students declined from 25.3% to 18.0% between 1999 and 2002 and that the campaign accounted for approximately 22% of this decline. CONCLUSIONS This study showed that the campaign was associated with substantial declines in youth smoking and has accelerated recent declines in youth smoking prevalence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew C Farrelly
- RTI International, 3040 Cornwallis Rd, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Abstract
This article outlines the mission and activities of the American Legacy Foundation (Legacy)-the public charity created by the Master Settlement Agreement (MSA) between 46 states attorneys general and the tobacco industry. Payments to Legacy are made by the 46 settling states. Legacy has achieved much in its short 5-year tenure and has faced and continues to face challenges. These include the "sunset" clause of the MSA that may terminate payments to Legacy's public education fund-the source of funds for most of Legacy's public education campaigns and grant making, a unique set of MSA provisions intended to rein in the activities of Legacy and rising public expectations in the context of sharply reduced resources. The inextricable link between Legacy, state tobacco control, and the politics of tobacco are discussed.
Collapse
|
27
|
Haviland L, Healton CG, Fee E, Brown TM, Toomey BA, Kastens B. Courage and dignity. Am J Public Health 2003; 93:1045. [PMID: 12835177 PMCID: PMC1447901 DOI: 10.2105/ajph.93.7.1045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
|
28
|
Farrelly MC, Healton CG, Davis KC, Messeri P, Hersey JC, Haviland ML. Getting to the truth: evaluating national tobacco countermarketing campaigns. Am J Public Health 2002; 92:901-7. [PMID: 12036775 PMCID: PMC1447480 DOI: 10.2105/ajph.92.6.901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 286] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study examines how the American Legacy Foundation's "truth" campaign and Philip Morris's "Think. Don't Smoke" campaign have influenced youths' attitudes, beliefs, and intentions toward tobacco. METHODS We analyzed 2 telephone surveys of 12- to 17-year-olds with multivariate logistic regressions: a baseline survey conducted before the launch of "truth" and a second survey 10 months into the "truth" campaign. RESULTS Exposure to "truth" countermarketing advertisements was consistently associated with an increase in anti-tobacco attitudes and beliefs, whereas exposure to Philip Morris advertisements generally was not. In addition, those exposed to Philip Morris advertisements were more likely to be open to the idea of smoking. CONCLUSIONS Whereas exposure to the "truth" campaign positively changed youths' attitudes toward tobacco, the Philip Morris campaign had a counterproductive influence.
Collapse
|
29
|
Northridge ME, Vallone D, Merzel C, Greene D, Shepard P, Cohall AT, Healton CG. The adolescent years: an academic-community partnership in Harlem comes of age. J Public Health Manag Pract 2000; 6:53-60. [PMID: 10724693 DOI: 10.1097/00124784-200006010-00009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Much has been written about the potential benefits in health promotion that are possible through partnerships between academic institutions and community-based organizations, but little practical advice has been provided on how to sustain these relationships when the original grant funds have been exhausted. Here we document our experiences in Harlem, New York City, a community with grave social, structural, and physical environmental inequities, and describe the successes and failings of a partnership now in its "adolescence" between researchers at the Joseph L. Mailman School of Public Health of Columbia University and community activists at West Harlem Environmental Action (WE ACT).
Collapse
|
30
|
Healton CG. The shape of our river. Am J Prev Med 1999; 16:1-4. [PMID: 10198668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- C G Healton
- Columbia University School of Public Health, New York, NY 10032, USA
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Haviland ML, Healton CG, Weinberg GS, Messeri PA, Aidala AA, Jetter D, Jessop D, Nelson K. Delivering HIV/AIDS services: the professional care provider speaks out. Am J Prev Med 1997; 13:12-8. [PMID: 9455588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study evaluates the stresses and satisfactions experienced by health care and social service providers working in HIV/AIDS service agencies in New York City. This study was part of the Ryan White Title I Evaluation in New York City. METHODS This study is based on semi-structured interviews with 86 randomly sampled providers from a representative sample of 29 HIV/AIDS service agencies. Personal interviews were completed with a cross section of AIDS care providers. All staff interviewed were audiotaped to facilitate data analysis. Staff discussed their frustrations and their personal satisfaction at working in AIDS care. In addition, all staff completed the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) to facilitate a structured comparison of their levels of burnout. RESULTS Using the three subscales of the MBI, we found that interviewed AIDS care providers experienced lower than expected levels of burnout. Compared to national norms, health care and social service providers showed above-average levels of personal accomplishment, below-average levels of depersonalization, and average levels of emotional exhaustion. Interview transcripts were analyzed focusing on three broad themes: unique stressors of HIV/AIDS services, positive aspects of HIV/AIDS services, and effective provider supports. The study confirms that HIV/AIDS care providers feel a high level of personal commitment to working with HIV-positive clients. Personal commitment to HIV-positive clients may blunt some of the stresses associated with HIV/AIDS care.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M L Haviland
- School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Healton CG. Mismanaged care: the warning signs. Am J Prev Med 1997; 13:1-2. [PMID: 9455583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- C G Healton
- School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Healton CG, Messeri P. The effect of video interventions on improving knowledge and treatment compliance in the sexually transmitted disease clinic setting. Lesson for HIV health education. Sex Transm Dis 1993; 20:70-6. [PMID: 8503062 DOI: 10.1097/00007435-199303000-00003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Eight intervention studies investigating patient education and treatment adherence in the sexually transmitted disease (STD) clinic setting are reviewed. Across the eight studies selected for analysis, meta-analytic procedures were applied to compare the impact of educational and prevention approaches. The effect of video was compared with that of other modes of health education on: 1) knowledge and attitudes about STDs and condoms and 2) treatment compliance, as measured by return for test of cure, drug compliance, premature resumption of sexual activity, and condom coupon redemption rates. The largest effects were those for video on knowledge and attitudes about STDs and condoms, followed by the effects of other non-video interventions on STD knowledge. Lower effects were found among video and non-video interventions targeting treatment compliance outcomes. These results are consistent with prior prevention studies that have demonstrated difficulty in achieving behavior change.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C G Healton
- Division of Socio-Medical Sciences, Columbia University, School of Public Health, New York, NY 10032
| | | |
Collapse
|