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Stojanovic D, McLennan E, Olah G, Cobden M, Heinsohn R, Manning AD, Alves F, Hogg C, Rayner L. Reproductive skew in a Vulnerable bird favors breeders that monopolize nest cavities. Anim Conserv 2023. [DOI: 10.1111/acv.12855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- D. Stojanovic
- Fenner School of Environment and Society Australian National University Canberra Australia
| | - E. McLennan
- School of Life & Environmental Sciences The University of Sydney Sydney New South Wales Australia
| | - G. Olah
- Fenner School of Environment and Society Australian National University Canberra Australia
| | - M. Cobden
- Fenner School of Environment and Society Australian National University Canberra Australia
| | - R. Heinsohn
- Fenner School of Environment and Society Australian National University Canberra Australia
| | - A. D. Manning
- Fenner School of Environment and Society Australian National University Canberra Australia
| | - F. Alves
- Fenner School of Environment and Society Australian National University Canberra Australia
| | - C. Hogg
- School of Life & Environmental Sciences The University of Sydney Sydney New South Wales Australia
| | - L. Rayner
- ACT Parks and Conservation Service, Australian Capital Territory Government Canberra Australia
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Chang CYY, Chiang AJ, Yan MJ, Lai MT, Su YY, Huang HY, Chang CY, Li YH, Li PF, Chen CM, Hwang T, Hogg C, Greaves E, Sheu JJC. Ribosome Biogenesis Serves as a Therapeutic Target for Treating Endometriosis and the Associated Complications. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10010185. [PMID: 35052864 PMCID: PMC8774031 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10010185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 01/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Ribosome biogenesis is a cellular process critical for protein homeostasis during cell growth and multiplication. Our previous study confirmed up-regulation of ribosome biogenesis during endometriosis progression and malignant transition, thus anti-ribosome biogenesis may be effective for treating endometriosis and the associated complications. A mouse model with human endometriosis features was established and treated with three different drugs that can block ribosome biogenesis, including inhibitors against mTOR/PI3K (GSK2126458) and RNA polymerase I (CX5461 and BMH21). The average lesion numbers and disease frequencies were significantly reduced in treated mice as compared to controls treated with vehicle. Flow cytometry analyses confirmed the reduction of small peritoneal macrophage and neutrophil populations with increased large versus small macrophage ratios, suggesting inflammation suppression by drug treatments. Lesions in treated mice also showed lower nerve fiber density which can support the finding of pain-relief by behavioral studies. Our study therefore suggested ribosome biogenesis as a potential therapeutic target for treating endometriosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cherry Yin-Yi Chang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404332, Taiwan;
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 404333, Taiwan
| | - An-Jen Chiang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung 813414, Taiwan;
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 804201, Taiwan; (M.-J.Y.); (Y.-Y.S.); (H.-Y.H.); (C.-Y.C.); (Y.-H.L.); (P.-F.L.); (T.H.)
| | - Man-Ju Yan
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 804201, Taiwan; (M.-J.Y.); (Y.-Y.S.); (H.-Y.H.); (C.-Y.C.); (Y.-H.L.); (P.-F.L.); (T.H.)
| | - Ming-Tsung Lai
- Department of Pathology, Taichung Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taichung 403301, Taiwan;
| | - Yun-Yi Su
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 804201, Taiwan; (M.-J.Y.); (Y.-Y.S.); (H.-Y.H.); (C.-Y.C.); (Y.-H.L.); (P.-F.L.); (T.H.)
| | - Hsin-Yi Huang
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 804201, Taiwan; (M.-J.Y.); (Y.-Y.S.); (H.-Y.H.); (C.-Y.C.); (Y.-H.L.); (P.-F.L.); (T.H.)
| | - Chan-Yu Chang
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 804201, Taiwan; (M.-J.Y.); (Y.-Y.S.); (H.-Y.H.); (C.-Y.C.); (Y.-H.L.); (P.-F.L.); (T.H.)
| | - Ya-Hui Li
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 804201, Taiwan; (M.-J.Y.); (Y.-Y.S.); (H.-Y.H.); (C.-Y.C.); (Y.-H.L.); (P.-F.L.); (T.H.)
| | - Pei-Fen Li
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 804201, Taiwan; (M.-J.Y.); (Y.-Y.S.); (H.-Y.H.); (C.-Y.C.); (Y.-H.L.); (P.-F.L.); (T.H.)
| | - Chih-Mei Chen
- Human Genetic Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404332, Taiwan;
| | - Tritium Hwang
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 804201, Taiwan; (M.-J.Y.); (Y.-Y.S.); (H.-Y.H.); (C.-Y.C.); (Y.-H.L.); (P.-F.L.); (T.H.)
| | - Chloe Hogg
- Medical Research Council Centre for Reproductive Health, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK;
| | - Erin Greaves
- Centre for Early Life, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
- Correspondence: (E.G.); (J.J.-C.S.)
| | - Jim Jinn-Chyuan Sheu
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 804201, Taiwan; (M.-J.Y.); (Y.-Y.S.); (H.-Y.H.); (C.-Y.C.); (Y.-H.L.); (P.-F.L.); (T.H.)
- Department of Biotechnology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807378, Taiwan
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 804201, Taiwan
- Institute of Precision Medicine, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 804201, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (E.G.); (J.J.-C.S.)
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Dorning A, Dhami P, Panir K, Hogg C, Park E, Ferguson GD, Hargrove D, Karras J, Horne AW, Greaves E. Bioluminescent imaging in induced mouse models of endometriosis reveals differences in four model variations. Dis Model Mech 2021; 14:271817. [PMID: 34382636 PMCID: PMC8419713 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.049070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Our understanding of the aetiology and pathophysiology of endometriosis remains limited. Disease modelling in the field is problematic as many versions of induced mouse models of endometriosis exist. We integrated bioluminescent imaging of ‘lesions’ generated using luciferase-expressing donor mice. We compared longitudinal bioluminescence and histology of lesions, sensory behaviour of mice with induced endometriosis and the impact of the gonadotropin-releasing hormone antagonist Cetrorelix on lesion regression and sensory behaviour. Four models of endometriosis were tested. We found that the nature of the donor uterine material was a key determinant of how chronic the lesions were, as well as their cellular composition. The severity of pain-like behaviour also varied across models. Although Cetrorelix significantly reduced lesion bioluminescence in all models, it had varying impacts on pain-like behaviour. Collectively, our results demonstrate key differences in the progression of the ‘disease’ across different mouse models of endometriosis. We propose that validation and testing in multiple models, each of which may be representative of the different subtypes/heterogeneity observed in women, should become a standard approach to discovery science in the field of endometriosis. Summary: Different versions of syngeneic mouse models of induced endometriosis exhibit disparities in chronicity and cellular composition of lesions, as well as endometriosis-associated hyperalgesia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley Dorning
- Medical Research Council Centre for Reproductive Health, Queen's Medical Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Priya Dhami
- Centre for Early Life, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Kavita Panir
- Centre for Early Life, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Chloe Hogg
- Medical Research Council Centre for Reproductive Health, Queen's Medical Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Emma Park
- Medical Research Council Centre for Reproductive Health, Queen's Medical Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Gregory D Ferguson
- Ferring Research Institute, 4245 Sorrento Valley Blvd, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Diane Hargrove
- Ferring Research Institute, 4245 Sorrento Valley Blvd, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - James Karras
- Ferring Research Institute, 4245 Sorrento Valley Blvd, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Andrew W Horne
- Medical Research Council Centre for Reproductive Health, Queen's Medical Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Erin Greaves
- Centre for Early Life, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
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Hogg C, Panir K, Dhami P, Rosser M, Mack M, Soong D, Pollard JW, Jenkins SJ, Horne AW, Greaves E. Macrophages inhibit and enhance endometriosis depending on their origin. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:e2013776118. [PMID: 33536334 PMCID: PMC8017702 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2013776118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophages are intimately involved in the pathophysiology of endometriosis, a chronic inflammatory disorder characterized by the growth of endometrial-like tissue (lesions) outside the uterus. By combining genetic and pharmacological monocyte and macrophage depletion strategies we determined the ontogeny and function of macrophages in a mouse model of induced endometriosis. We demonstrate that lesion-resident macrophages are derived from eutopic endometrial tissue, infiltrating large peritoneal macrophages (LpM) and monocytes. Furthermore, we found endometriosis to trigger continuous recruitment of monocytes and expansion of CCR2+ LpM. Depletion of eutopic endometrial macrophages results in smaller endometriosis lesions, whereas constitutive inhibition of monocyte recruitment significantly reduces peritoneal macrophage populations and increases the number of lesions. Reprogramming the ontogeny of peritoneal macrophages such that embryo-derived LpM are replaced by monocyte-derived LpM decreases the number of lesions that develop. We propose a putative model whereby endometrial macrophages are "proendometriosis" while newly recruited monocyte-derived macrophages, possibly in LpM form, are "antiendometriosis." These observations highlight the importance of monocyte-derived macrophages in limiting disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chloe Hogg
- Medical Research Council Centre for Reproductive Health, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, United Kingdom
| | - Kavita Panir
- Centre for Early Life, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, CV2 2DX Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Priya Dhami
- Centre for Early Life, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, CV2 2DX Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew Rosser
- Centre for Early Life, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, CV2 2DX Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Matthias Mack
- Department of Internal Medicine II-Nephrology, University Hospital Regensburg, 93042 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Daniel Soong
- Medical Research Council Centre for Reproductive Health, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, United Kingdom
| | - Jeffrey W Pollard
- Medical Research Council Centre for Reproductive Health, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen J Jenkins
- Centre for Inflammation Research, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew W Horne
- Medical Research Council Centre for Reproductive Health, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, United Kingdom
| | - Erin Greaves
- Centre for Early Life, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, CV2 2DX Coventry, United Kingdom;
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Smith W, Terpstra F, Fletcher O, Murphy R, Simbo A, Hogg C, Filloux A, Bush A, Davies J. P137 Further exploring phenotype and virulence differences between chronic Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates from patients with cystic fibrosis and non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis (Bx). J Cyst Fibros 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/s1569-1993(20)30472-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Abstract
Endometriosis is a complex, heterogeneous, chronic inflammatory condition impacting ~176 million women worldwide. It is associated with chronic pelvic pain, infertility, and fatigue, and has a substantial impact on health-related quality of life. Endometriosis is defined by the growth of endometrial-like tissue outside the uterus, typically on the lining of the pelvic cavity and ovaries (known as "lesions"). Macrophages are complex cells at the center of this enigmatic condition; they are critical for the growth, development, vascularization, and innervation of lesions as well as generation of pain symptoms. In health, tissue-resident macrophages are seeded during early embryonic life are vital for development and homeostasis of tissues. In the adult, under inflammatory challenge, monocytes are recruited from the blood and differentiate into macrophages in tissues where they fulfill functions, such as fighting infection and repairing wounds. The interplay between tissue-resident and recruited macrophages is now at the forefront of macrophage research due to their differential roles in inflammatory disorders. In some cancers, tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are comprised of tissue-resident macrophages and recruited inflammatory monocytes that differentiate into macrophages within the tumor. These macrophages of different origins play differential roles in disease progression. Herein, we review the complexities of macrophage dynamics in health and disease and explore the paradigm that under disease-modified conditions, macrophages that normally maintain homeostasis become modified such that they promote disease. We also interrogate the evidence to support the existence of multiple phenotypic populations and origins of macrophages in endometriosis and how this could be exploited for therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chloe Hogg
- Medical Research Council Centre for Reproductive Health, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew W. Horne
- Medical Research Council Centre for Reproductive Health, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Erin Greaves
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: Erin Greaves
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Forster R, Sarginson A, Velichkova A, Hogg C, Dorning A, Horne AW, Saunders PTK, Greaves E. Macrophage-derived insulin-like growth factor-1 is a key neurotrophic and nerve-sensitizing factor in pain associated with endometriosis. FASEB J 2019; 33:11210-11222. [PMID: 31291762 PMCID: PMC6766660 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201900797r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Endometriosis is a common incurable inflammatory disorder that is associated with debilitating pelvic pain in women. Macrophages are central to the pathophysiology of endometriosis: they dictate the growth and vascularization of endometriosis lesions and more recently have been shown to promote lesion innervation. The aim of this study was to determine the mechanistic role of macrophages in producing pain associated with endometriosis. Herein, we show that macrophage depletion in a mouse model of endometriosis can reverse abnormal changes in pain behavior. We identified that disease-modified macrophages exhibit increased expression of IGF-1 in an in vitro model of endometriosis-associated macrophages and confirmed expression by lesion-resident macrophages in mice and women. Concentrations of IGF-1 were elevated in peritoneal fluid from women with endometriosis and positively correlate with their pain scores. Mechanistically, we demonstrate that macrophage-derived IGF-1 promotes sprouting neurogenesis and nerve sensitization in vitro. Finally, we show that the Igf-1 receptor inhibitor linsitinib reverses the pain behavior observed in mice with endometriosis. Our data support a role for macrophage-derived IGF-1 as a key neurotrophic and sensitizing factor in endometriosis, and we propose that therapies that modify macrophage phenotype may be attractive therapeutic options for the treatment of women with endometriosis-associated pain.-Forster, R., Sarginson, A., Velichkova, A., Hogg, C., Dorning, A., Horne, A. W., Saunders, P. T. K., Greaves, E. Macrophage-derived insulin-like growth factor-1 is a key neurotrophic and nerve-sensitizing factor in pain associated with endometriosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Forster
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Centre for Reproductive Health, The Queen’s Medical Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Alexandra Sarginson
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Centre for Reproductive Health, The Queen’s Medical Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Atanaska Velichkova
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Centre for Reproductive Health, The Queen’s Medical Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Chloe Hogg
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Centre for Reproductive Health, The Queen’s Medical Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Ashley Dorning
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Centre for Reproductive Health, The Queen’s Medical Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew W. Horne
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Centre for Reproductive Health, The Queen’s Medical Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Philippa T. K. Saunders
- MRC Centre for Inflammation Research, The Queen’s Medical Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Erin Greaves
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
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Semple T, Edmondson C, Rawal B, Barnett J, Short C, Bauman G, Pusterla O, Bieri O, Tibiletti M, Parker G, Carr S, Hogg C, Davies J, Padley S. P034 MRI as the new gold standard in the assessment of cystic fibrosis lung disease severity? A bespoke cystic fibrosis-MRI protocol combining quantitative ventilation and structural MRI measures to replace CT. J Cyst Fibros 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/s1569-1993(19)30329-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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9
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Semple T, Edmondson C, Rawal B, Barnett J, Short C, Bauman G, Pusterla O, Bieri O, Tibiletti M, Parker G, Carr S, Hogg C, Davies J, Padley S. WS17-4 The addition of sinus imaging to a quantitative cystic fibrosis lung MRI protocol demonstrates an association between sinus signal characteristics and lung disease severity. J Cyst Fibros 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/s1569-1993(19)30220-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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O'Harte FPM, Parthsarathy V, Hogg C, Flatt PR. Apelin-13 analogues show potent in vitro and in vivo insulinotropic and glucose lowering actions. Peptides 2018; 100:219-228. [PMID: 29412822 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2017.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2017] [Revised: 12/01/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Nine structurally modified apelin-13 analogues were assessed for their in vitro and acute in vivo antidiabetic potential. Stability was assessed in mouse plasma and insulinotropic efficacy tested in cultured pancreatic BRIN-BD11 cells and isolated mouse pancreatic islets. Intracellular Ca2+ and cAMP production in BRIN-BD11 cells was determined, as was glucose uptake in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Acute antihyperglycemic effects of apelin analogues were assessed following i.p. glucose tolerance tests (ipGGT, 18 mmol/kg) in normal and diet-induced-obese (DIO) mice and on food intake in normal mice. Apelin analogues all showed enhanced in vitro stability (up to 5.8-fold, t½ = 12.8 h) in mouse plasma compared to native apelin-13 (t½ = 2.1 h). Compared to glucose controls, stable analogues exhibited enhanced insulinotropic responses from BRIN-BD11 cells (up to 4.7-fold, p < 0.001) and isolated mouse islets (up to 5.3-fold) for 10-7 M apelin-13 amide (versus 7.6-fold for 10-7 M GLP-1). Activation of APJ receptors on BRIN-BD11 cells increased intracellular Ca2+ (up to 3.0-fold, p < 0.001) and cAMP (up to 1.7-fold, p < 0.01). Acute ipGTT showed improved insulinotropic and glucose disposal responses in normal and DIO mice (p < 0.05 and p < 0.01, respectively). Apelin-13 amide and (pGlu)apelin-13 amide were the most effective analogues exhibiting acute, dose-dependent and persistent biological actions. Both analogues stimulated insulin-independent glucose uptake by differentiated adipocytes (2.9-3.3-fold, p < 0.05) and inhibited food intake (26-33%, p < 0.001), up to 180 min in mice, versus saline. In contrast, (Ala13)apelin-13 and (Val13)apelin-13 inhibited insulin secretion, suppressed beta-cell signal transduction and stimulated food intake in mice. Thus, stable analogues of apelin-13 have potential for diabetes/obesity therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- F P M O'Harte
- The SAAD Centre for Pharmacy & Diabetes, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Ulster, Coleraine, BT52 1SA, Northern Ireland, UK.
| | - V Parthsarathy
- The SAAD Centre for Pharmacy & Diabetes, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Ulster, Coleraine, BT52 1SA, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - C Hogg
- The SAAD Centre for Pharmacy & Diabetes, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Ulster, Coleraine, BT52 1SA, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - P R Flatt
- The SAAD Centre for Pharmacy & Diabetes, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Ulster, Coleraine, BT52 1SA, Northern Ireland, UK
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Smith W, Murphy R, Simbo A, Hogg C, Filloux A, Bush A, Davies J. 87 Pseudomonas aeruginosa from CF patients form larger biofilms in vitro than those from subjects with bronchiectasis. J Cyst Fibros 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/s1569-1993(17)30451-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Irving S, Dixon M, Ollosson S, Hogg C, Shoemark A, Bush A. P82 Lung clearance index (LCI) and genotype-phenotype correlations in Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia (PCD). Thorax 2015. [DOI: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2015-207770.219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Robson E, Moya E, Burgoyne T, Chetcuti P, Dixon M, Hirst R, Hogg C, Mitchison H, O'Callaghan C, Onoufriadis A, Patel M, Rutman A, Sheridan E, Shoemark A. Phenotypic variability of CCDC103 mutation in British Pakistani children with Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia (PCD). Cilia 2015. [PMCID: PMC4518667 DOI: 10.1186/2046-2530-4-s1-p61] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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14
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Marsh G, Collins N, Bush A, Hogg C, Carr S. P103 Do Children With Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia Harbour The Same Pathogens In The Upper And Lower Airway? Thorax 2014. [DOI: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2014-206260.244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Sunther M, Carr S, Hogg C, Bush A. P102 Recovery Of Baseline Lung Function After A Pulmonary Exacerbation In Children With Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia (pcd). Thorax 2014. [DOI: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2014-206260.243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Robson K, Nagakumar P, Collins N, Davies J, Fleming L, Balfour-Lynn I, Rosenthal M, Hogg C, Jochmann A, Bush A, Saglani S. P105 Safety, Feasibility And Quality Of Sputum Induction In Preschool Children With Obstructive Airways Disease. Thorax 2014. [DOI: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2014-206260.246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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17
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Irving S, Nair A, Davies J, Hansell D, Hogg C, Bush A. S67 Lung Clearance Index (lci) Is A Sensitive Predictor Of High Resolution Computed Tomography (hrct) Scores In Children With Non-cf Bronchiectasis. Thorax 2014. [DOI: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2014-206260.73] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Kwan R, Burgoyne T, Dixon M, Patel M, Scully J, Onoufriadis A, Hogg C, Mitchison H, Shoemark A. S88 Electron Tomography Detects Ultrastructural Abnormalities In Patients With Pcd Due To A Dnah11 Defect. Thorax 2014. [DOI: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2014-206260.94] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Aboagye EO, Aigbirhio FI, Allen P, Arent R, Arrowsmith RL, Banci G, Bagley MC, Bailey CD, Blake T, Bunt AJ, Bushby N, Carroll L, Cons BD, Cortezon F, Dilworth JR, Dorff PN, Eggleston IM, Ellames G, Elmore CS, Ernst G, Estrela P, Faithfull J, Ge H, Geach NJ, Hall J, Harding J, Harwood LM, Hickey MJ, Heys JR, Hogg C, Hudson MJ, James T, Kerr WJ, Killick D, Kingston LP, Kociok-Köhn G, Landvatter S, Lewis F, Lockley WJS, Marken F, Mudd RJ, Pascu SI, Pheko T, Powell ME, Reid M, Riss PJ, Ruhl T, Rustidge DC, Schenk DJ, Schofield C, Schweiger L, Sharma P, Smith D, Tuttle CTT, Testa A, Tyson JA, Tyrrell RM, Urbanek R, Wilkinson DJ, Willis CL, Zanda M. Abstracts of the 22nd International Isotope Society (UK Group) Symposium: synthesis and applications of labelled compounds 2013. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.3173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- E. O. Aboagye
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences; University of Surrey; Guildford Surrey GU2 7XH UK
| | - F. I. Aigbirhio
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences; University of Surrey; Guildford Surrey GU2 7XH UK
| | - P. Allen
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences; University of Surrey; Guildford Surrey GU2 7XH UK
| | - R. Arent
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences; University of Surrey; Guildford Surrey GU2 7XH UK
| | - R. L. Arrowsmith
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences; University of Surrey; Guildford Surrey GU2 7XH UK
| | - G. Banci
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences; University of Surrey; Guildford Surrey GU2 7XH UK
| | - M. C. Bagley
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences; University of Surrey; Guildford Surrey GU2 7XH UK
| | - C. D. Bailey
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences; University of Surrey; Guildford Surrey GU2 7XH UK
| | - T. Blake
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences; University of Surrey; Guildford Surrey GU2 7XH UK
| | - A. J. Bunt
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences; University of Surrey; Guildford Surrey GU2 7XH UK
| | - N. Bushby
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences; University of Surrey; Guildford Surrey GU2 7XH UK
| | - L. Carroll
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences; University of Surrey; Guildford Surrey GU2 7XH UK
| | - B. D. Cons
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences; University of Surrey; Guildford Surrey GU2 7XH UK
| | - F. Cortezon
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences; University of Surrey; Guildford Surrey GU2 7XH UK
| | - J. R. Dilworth
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences; University of Surrey; Guildford Surrey GU2 7XH UK
| | - P. N. Dorff
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences; University of Surrey; Guildford Surrey GU2 7XH UK
| | - I. M. Eggleston
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences; University of Surrey; Guildford Surrey GU2 7XH UK
| | - G. Ellames
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences; University of Surrey; Guildford Surrey GU2 7XH UK
| | - C. S. Elmore
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences; University of Surrey; Guildford Surrey GU2 7XH UK
| | - G. Ernst
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences; University of Surrey; Guildford Surrey GU2 7XH UK
| | - P. Estrela
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences; University of Surrey; Guildford Surrey GU2 7XH UK
| | - J. Faithfull
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences; University of Surrey; Guildford Surrey GU2 7XH UK
| | - H. Ge
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences; University of Surrey; Guildford Surrey GU2 7XH UK
| | - N. J. Geach
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences; University of Surrey; Guildford Surrey GU2 7XH UK
| | - J. Hall
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences; University of Surrey; Guildford Surrey GU2 7XH UK
| | - J. Harding
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences; University of Surrey; Guildford Surrey GU2 7XH UK
| | - L. M. Harwood
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences; University of Surrey; Guildford Surrey GU2 7XH UK
| | - M. J. Hickey
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences; University of Surrey; Guildford Surrey GU2 7XH UK
| | - J. R. Heys
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences; University of Surrey; Guildford Surrey GU2 7XH UK
| | - C. Hogg
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences; University of Surrey; Guildford Surrey GU2 7XH UK
| | - M. J. Hudson
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences; University of Surrey; Guildford Surrey GU2 7XH UK
| | - T. James
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences; University of Surrey; Guildford Surrey GU2 7XH UK
| | - W. J. Kerr
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences; University of Surrey; Guildford Surrey GU2 7XH UK
| | - D. Killick
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences; University of Surrey; Guildford Surrey GU2 7XH UK
| | - L. P. Kingston
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences; University of Surrey; Guildford Surrey GU2 7XH UK
| | - G. Kociok-Köhn
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences; University of Surrey; Guildford Surrey GU2 7XH UK
| | - S. Landvatter
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences; University of Surrey; Guildford Surrey GU2 7XH UK
| | - F. Lewis
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences; University of Surrey; Guildford Surrey GU2 7XH UK
| | - W. J. S. Lockley
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences; University of Surrey; Guildford Surrey GU2 7XH UK
| | - F. Marken
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences; University of Surrey; Guildford Surrey GU2 7XH UK
| | - R. J. Mudd
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences; University of Surrey; Guildford Surrey GU2 7XH UK
| | - S. I. Pascu
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences; University of Surrey; Guildford Surrey GU2 7XH UK
| | - T. Pheko
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences; University of Surrey; Guildford Surrey GU2 7XH UK
| | - M. E. Powell
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences; University of Surrey; Guildford Surrey GU2 7XH UK
| | - M Reid
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences; University of Surrey; Guildford Surrey GU2 7XH UK
| | - P. J. Riss
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences; University of Surrey; Guildford Surrey GU2 7XH UK
| | - T. Ruhl
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences; University of Surrey; Guildford Surrey GU2 7XH UK
| | - D. C. Rustidge
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences; University of Surrey; Guildford Surrey GU2 7XH UK
| | - D. J. Schenk
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences; University of Surrey; Guildford Surrey GU2 7XH UK
| | - C. Schofield
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences; University of Surrey; Guildford Surrey GU2 7XH UK
| | - L. Schweiger
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences; University of Surrey; Guildford Surrey GU2 7XH UK
| | - P. Sharma
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences; University of Surrey; Guildford Surrey GU2 7XH UK
| | - D. Smith
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences; University of Surrey; Guildford Surrey GU2 7XH UK
| | - C. T. T. Tuttle
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences; University of Surrey; Guildford Surrey GU2 7XH UK
| | - A. Testa
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences; University of Surrey; Guildford Surrey GU2 7XH UK
| | - J. A. Tyson
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences; University of Surrey; Guildford Surrey GU2 7XH UK
| | - R. M. Tyrrell
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences; University of Surrey; Guildford Surrey GU2 7XH UK
| | - R. Urbanek
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences; University of Surrey; Guildford Surrey GU2 7XH UK
| | - D. J. Wilkinson
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences; University of Surrey; Guildford Surrey GU2 7XH UK
| | - C. L. Willis
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences; University of Surrey; Guildford Surrey GU2 7XH UK
| | - M. Zanda
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences; University of Surrey; Guildford Surrey GU2 7XH UK
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Abstract
Depression remains a significant public health issue globally; 121 million people are affected by depression health education campaigns. Regardless of the prevalence of depression and recent health education campaigns to reduce the burden of depression, many people are still stigmatized and sometimes excluded from the society in which they live. Using qualitative research, the aim of this study was to explore lay people's perceptions and attitudes of mental disorder and in particular depression. A purposive sample of 22 lay people were each asked to read a case scenario which was then followed up by the researcher using open-ended questions to explore their knowledge and attitudes and beliefs relating to depression. The data was analysed using Braun & Clarke's strategy of thematic analysis. The results revealed that many of the participants were familiar with the concept of depression, either through their own experiences of the disorder or through knowing people with depression. The participants also drew from psychosocial explanations of depression and located depression as part of the human condition. The paper suggests that lay people's concepts of depression offer rich complex and diverse perspectives that enhance professional views and may lead to a greater understanding of uptake and acceptance of care for depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Hogg
- School of Nursing, University of Salford, Salford, UK.
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De Salvo G, Hogg C, Holder GE, Lotery AJ. Enhanced rod–cone interaction with progressive macular dysfunction. Eye (Lond) 2011; 25:823-5. [DOI: 10.1038/eye.2011.27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
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Davies AJ, Morris D, Kalson N, Wright A, Imray C, Hogg C. Changes to Colour Vision on Exposure to High Altitude. J ROY ARMY MED CORPS 2011; 157:107-9. [DOI: 10.1136/jramc-157-01-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Tripovich JS, Purdy SC, Hogg C, Rogers TL. Toneburst-evoked auditory brainstem response in a leopard seal, Hydrurga leptonyx. J Acoust Soc Am 2011; 129:483-487. [PMID: 21303028 DOI: 10.1121/1.3514370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Toneburst-evoked auditory brainstem responses (ABRs) were recorded in a captive subadult male leopard seal. Three frequencies from 1 to 4 kHz were tested at sound levels from 68 to 122 dB peak equivalent sound pressure level (peSPL). Results illustrate brainstem activity within the 1-4 kHz range, with better hearing sensitivity at 4 kHz. As is seen in human ABR, only wave V is reliably identified at the lower stimulus intensities. Wave V is present down to levels of 82 dB peSPL in the right ear and 92 dB peSPL in the left ear at 4 kHz. Further investigations testing a wider frequency range on seals of various sex and age classes are required to conclusively report on the hearing range and sensitivity in this species.
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Affiliation(s)
- J S Tripovich
- Faculty of Veterinary Science, The University of Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia.
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Abstract
Dysfunctional swallowing is an uncommon, but important cause of bronchiectasis. We describe a child with a brainstem tumor, who developed bronchiectasis caused by chronic aspiration secondary to a dysfunctional swallow. The case highlights the importance of thorough and repeated evaluation before a diagnosis of idiopathic bronchiectasis is made. If dysfunctional swallow is found further investigation to ascertain the cause is indicated.
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Affiliation(s)
- C J Bossley
- Department of Respiratory Paediatrics, Royal Brompton Hospital, London, United Kingdom
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Barbato A, Frischer T, Kuehni CE, Snijders D, Azevedo I, Baktai G, Bartoloni L, Eber E, Escribano A, Haarman E, Hesselmar B, Hogg C, Jorissen M, Lucas J, Nielsen KG, O'Callaghan C, Omran H, Pohunek P, Strippoli MPF, Bush A. Primary ciliary dyskinesia: a consensus statement on diagnostic and treatment approaches in children. Eur Respir J 2009; 34:1264-76. [DOI: 10.1183/09031936.00176608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 324] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Bush A, Hogg C. Many a slip? Eur Respir J 2009; 34:293-4. [PMID: 19648514 DOI: 10.1183/09031936.00061109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Rossit S, Malhotra P, Muir K, Reeves I, Duncan G, Livingstone K, Jackson H, Hogg C, Castle P, Learmonth G, Harvey M. No Neglect-Specific Deficits in Reaching Tasks. Cereb Cortex 2009; 19:2616-24. [DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhp016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Jain K, Padley SPG, Goldstraw EJ, Kidd SJ, Hogg C, Biggart E, Bush A. Primary ciliary dyskinesia in the paediatric population: range and severity of radiological findings in a cohort of patients receiving tertiary care. Clin Radiol 2007; 62:986-93. [PMID: 17765464 DOI: 10.1016/j.crad.2007.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2006] [Revised: 04/02/2007] [Accepted: 04/19/2007] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
AIM To investigate the clinical range and severity of radiological findings in a cohort of patients with primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) receiving tertiary care. MATERIALS AND METHODS The case notes and clinical test results of 89 children attending the paediatric respiratory disease clinic at our institution were retrospectively analysed. Demographic details including age at diagnosis and common presenting signs and symptoms were studied. Results of chest radiographs, microscopy, and high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) for quantification of lung damage were analysed. RESULTS In a cohort of 89 children with PCD, a presentation chest radiograph was available in 62% of patients (n=55), with all but one demonstrating changes of bronchial wall thickening. HRCT of the lungs, available in 26 patients, were scored using the system described by Brody et al. analysing five specific features of lung disease, including bronchiectasis, mucus plugging, peribronchial thickening, parenchymal changes of consolidation, and ground-glass density, and focal air-trapping in each lobe. Peribronchial thickening was observed using HRCT in 25 patients, while 20 patients had bronchiectasis. Severity scores were highest for the middle and the lingular lobes. CONCLUSION The radiographic findings of the largest reported cohort of patients with PCD are presented, with associated clinical findings. Dextrocardia remains the commonest finding on chest radiography. HRCT demonstrates peribronchial thickening and bronchiectasis, which is most marked in the lower zones. Radiological scoring techniques developed for assessment of cystic fibrosis can also be applied for the assessment of disease severity in this patient population.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Jain
- Department of Radiology, Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Trust, London, UK
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Fletcher P, Hogg C. Should nurses always intervene when patients self-harm? Nurs Times 2001; 97:16. [PMID: 11966274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
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Bush A, Hogg C, Corrigan CJ. Oral steroids and inflammatory markers in asthma. Arch Dis Child 2001; 84:452-3. [PMID: 11368039 PMCID: PMC1718769 DOI: 10.1136/adc.84.5.450f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Abstract
Increasingly, lay people are appointed as members to health service committees. The term 'lay' is used loosely and the reasons for involving lay people are seldom clearly defined. This paper argues that the different roles that lay people play need to be explicitly defined in order for their contributions to be realized. Although lay members of health service committees are generally assumed to be working for patients' interests, our observations lead us to think that some lay people tend to support professionals' or managers' interests rather than patients' interests as patients would define them. We suggest that lay people fall into three broad categories: supporters of dominant (professional) interests, supporters of challenging (managerial) interests and supporters of repressed (patient) interests. These alignments should be taken into account in appointments to health service bodies. Further research is needed on the alignments and roles of lay members.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Hogg
- Consumers for Ethics in Research (CERES), Faculty of Environmental and Social Studies, University of North London, UK.
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Woad K, Baxter G, Hogg C, Bramley T, Webb R, Armstrong D. Expression of mRNA encoding insulin-like growth factors I and II and the type 1 IGF receptor in the bovine corpus luteum at defined stages of the oestrous cycle. Reproduction 2000. [DOI: 10.1530/jrf.0.1200293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Abstract
BACKGROUND It is difficult to quantify thresholds in most colour vision tests, and this is especially the case for tritan hues, where a strong age-related increase of threshold has been reported. With the development of computer-graphic methods it is possible to remove brightness clues caused by lens absorption. This study attempts to give normative values for colour contrast thresholds and assess the age related changes therein. PATIENTS AND METHODS 115 patients aged between 6 & 71 years were tested for central and peripheral colour contrast sensitivity. No patient had any systemic or eye disease. As a preliminary, heterochromatic flicker balance between the luminosities of the R and G and B and G phosphors was established, so that all colours subsequently generated were isoluminant for the person tested. Then, using a modified binary search technique, colour contrast thresholds were established using both 2 degree optotypes, for central vision, and a ring, 12.5 degrees in radius for peripheral vision. In the latter case, the observer had to name the position of the missing quadrant in the ring. Stimuli were presented for 200 msec at 1 Hz. Colours were modulated on protan, deutan or tritan colour axis. RESULTS No correlation between age and central colour vision thresholds was observed. By contrast a significant but only minor increase of peripheral colour vision threshold was observed for the peripheral protan and tritan axis. DISCUSSION The present system removes luminance clues from colour vision tests and permits both central and peripheral retina to be tested. The results are simple in that the influence of age can be neglected. The variability of threshold results is small, and it is easy to detect the relatively large changes associated with disease. Since high-quality monitors are standardised and calibrated, providing the stimulus parameters described are adhered to, the results given here for upper limits of normal may be used for other similar systems.
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Penny LA, Armstrong DG, Baxter G, Hogg C, Kindahl H, Bramley T, Watson ED, Webb R. Expression of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 in the bovine corpus luteum around the time of natural luteolysis. Biol Reprod 1998; 59:1464-9. [PMID: 9828193 DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod59.6.1464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP-1) is a specific chemoattractant for monocytes/macrophages that could have a role in the influx of macrophages into the corpus luteum (CL) during structural luteolysis. In this study, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and in situ hybridization were used to investigate MCP-1 mRNA expression in CL collected from 18 heifers between Days 15 and 20 of the estrous cycle. There was expression of mRNA encoding MCP-1 in luteal tissue from all cows; however, expression was greater in animals that had undergone luteolysis at the time of CL collection as compared to animals in which the CL was still functional. Similarly, in situ hybridization showed greater expression of mRNA encoding MCP-1 in CL after functional luteolysis. There was also evidence of increased MCP-1 mRNA expression in an animal with a functional CL where the systemic concentration of prostaglandin F2alpha metabolite was high at the time of tissue collection. T lymphocyte populations, identified by immunohistochemistry, had a distribution similar to that of cells expressing MCP-1 mRNA within the CL, but other cell types were also involved. These results demonstrate an increase in MCP-1 mRNA after functional luteolysis in the cow, which may be related to the influx of macrophages that occurs at this time.
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Affiliation(s)
- L A Penny
- a Department of Vet Clinical Studies, Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midlothian, EH25 9RG, Scotland, United Kingdom.
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Abstract
Nurse prescribing was initiated in the United Kingdom in October 1994 in eight demonstration sites. The evaluation of this extension to the community nurses' role explored both economic and qualitative benefits to patients, carers, nurses and other health care professionals. In this paper the impact of nurse prescribing on patients is explored. Benefits experienced by patients are described along with the difficulties encountered. The patients' views regarding nurses as prescribers are also explored. Data were collected by means of interviews with patients/carers, the focus of which was to evaluate changes associated with nurse prescribing. Patients raised a number of issues associated with their relationship with nurses. Patients valued nurses for both their accessibility and approachability, which led them to discuss health issues which would not otherwise have been brought to the attention of the general practitioner. The arguments which support the incorporation of these qualities into an expanded nursing role are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- K A Luker
- Department of Nursing, University of Manchester, England
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Abstract
From October 1994 qualified district nurses and health visitors from eight demonstration sites in England have been able to prescribe from a limited list of formulary items. Data collected from nurses formed only one part of the evaluation of nurse prescribing. These data highlighted a number of areas where prescribing nurses were faced with difficult decisions. A number of authors have considered how both doctors and nurses make decisions, and the factors which may influence the decision making process. With reference to the literature this paper focuses on the findings related to decision making in the context of nurse prescribing.
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Affiliation(s)
- K A Luker
- School of Nursing, University of Manchester, England
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Hogg C, Burke M. Many people think self-injury is just a form of attention-seeking. Nurs Times 1998; 94:53. [PMID: 9536765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- C Hogg
- Salford University, Manchester
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Hogg C. T-helper polarization in atopic disease--how early does it occur? Clin Exp Allergy 1997; 27:1237-9. [PMID: 9420125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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Luker K, Austin L, Hogg C, Ferguson B, Smith K. Patients' views of nurse prescribing. Nurs Times 1997; 93:51-4. [PMID: 9165922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
In 1994 the law was changed to allow nurses to prescribe from a limited formulary. The Department of Health commissioned research to evaluate nurse prescribing in eight pilot sites in England. This article presents part of this research. In particular, it examines how patients perceived the role of nurses and health visitors as prescribers. The study involved interviewing patients seen by community nurses before and after the introduction of nurse prescribing. The advantages patients identified coincided with the anticipated benefits, while the disadvantages that had been anticipated before the study were not confirmed. Patients were positive about nurses as prescribers and in some instances preferred nurses to doctors.
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Hogg C. Working women. Nurs Times 1997; 93:13. [PMID: 9095959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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45
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Hogg C. Two-edged sword of publicity. Nurs Times 1996; 92:16-17. [PMID: 8718073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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46
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Arden NK, Baker J, Hogg C, Baan K, Spector TD. The heritability of bone mineral density, ultrasound of the calcaneus and hip axis length: a study of postmenopausal twins. J Bone Miner Res 1996; 11:530-4. [PMID: 8992884 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.5650110414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 287] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Population based studies have demonstrated that having a first degree relative with a hip fracture is predictive of future hip fractures. Postmenopausal bone mineral density (BMD), ultrasound of calcaneus and hip axis length are associated with hip fracture, with the association for ultrasound and hip axis length being independent of BMD. The aim of this study was to determine the genetic component of these three important risk factors. We performed a classical twin study using 500 normal female twins, 128 identical and 122 non-identical pairs, aged 50 to 70 years. We measured bone mineral density at multiple sites, hip axis length (distance from the inner rim of the acetabulum to the greater trochanter), broadband ultrasound attenuation and velocity of sound of the calcaneus. Bone density had a strong genetic component at all sites with estimates of heritability ranging from 0.46 to 0.84. Hip axis length and velocity of sound had major genetic components with estimates of 0.62 and 0.61 respectively, which remained virtually unchanged after adjustment for bone mineral density. Broadband ultrasound attenuation had a moderate genetic component with an estimate of 0.53, which was reduced further to 0.45 after adjustment for BMD. In summary, all three bone measurements, which are independently associated with hip fracture, are independently heritable. This study suggests that a combination of different genetic factors acting on the structure, dimensions and density of bone may explain the importance of family history as a risk factor for hip fracture.
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Affiliation(s)
- N K Arden
- Department of Rheumatology, St. Thomas' Hospital, London, United Kingdom
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Hogg C, Cowl J. Patient's Charter. Different strokes. Health Serv J 1994; 104:28-9. [PMID: 10134574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
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48
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Abstract
We report a family in which autosomal dominant congenital nystagmus cosegregates with a balanced 7;15 translocation. Ophthalmic investigation showed predominantly horizontal nystagmus with a small rotatory component and no significant loss of visual function. This finding suggests a possible localisation for autosomal dominant congenital nystagmus (McKusick 164100).
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Patton
- South West Thames Regional Genetic Service, St George's Hospital Medical School, London, UK
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49
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Spileers W, Falcao-Reis F, Hogg C, Arden GB. Evidence from human electroretinogram A and off responses that color processing occurs in the cones. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 1993; 34:2079-91. [PMID: 8491558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate two apparent anomalies of the human electroretinogram: the "on" and "off" components of the cone based PIII are unequally sized, and transitions from red to green, which are electroretinographically silent, yield reverse transitions (green to red) in which a-waves develop. METHODS Ganzfeld electroretinograms were obtained with intense 100 msec flickering flashes from red and green light-emitting diode. Such stimuli light-adapt the retina, and the responses are caused by the excitation of long and medium wavelength cones. RESULTS In the 10-20 msec after the beginning of a flash (black to green or black to red) the beginning of rapid receptor-generated a-wave is seen. Ten to twenty milliseconds after the end of the flash, the beginning of a rapid positive-going off response, also derived from receptors can be seen. If the retina is stimulated by the abrupt change from one wavelength of light to another (eg, from "green" to "red"), at times > 20 msec after the change there are always slow changes in potential (presumably caused by postsynaptic activity) regardless of the relative intensities of red and green. However, if the two light intensities are adjusted appropriately, 10-20 msec after the transition from green to red no electroretinographic a-wave (or off response) develops--the transition is "silent." When the transition reverses (changes back from red to green), an a-wave occurs. In the same way if a red-to-green transition is made silent by altering the relative light intensities, the green-to-red reversal evokes an a-wave. This occurs for numerous pairs of red and green intensities. Rod intrusion or minor electroretinogram components do not explain this result. The relative red:green intensity in two color-anomalous subjects is different to that in three normal subjects. The rule for a silent transition is that the decrease in excitation in one cone type should be twice the increase in excitation in the second cone type. CONCLUSIONS The most likely cause is a reduction in the amplitude of cone receptor potentials 20-50 msec after the onset of the stimulus, caused by a sign-reversing feedback mechanism such as that described in amphibians. This implies that the chromatic signals for color vision required by theorists are partly generated in the cones.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Spileers
- Electrodiagnostic Department, Moorfields Eye Hospital, London, UK
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O'Donaghue E, Arden GB, O'Sullivan F, Falcão-Reis F, Moriarty B, Hitchings RA, Spilleers W, Hogg C, Weinstein G. The pattern electroretinogram in glaucoma and ocular hypertension. Br J Ophthalmol 1992; 76:387-94. [PMID: 1627510 PMCID: PMC504298 DOI: 10.1136/bjo.76.7.387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Thirty one eyes with established glaucoma, 61 high risk ocular hypertensive (OHTs) eyes, 66 medium risk OHT eyes, 58 low risk OHT eyes, and 47 control eyes have been followed for up to 2 years by clinical examination and pattern electroretinography (PERG). The study was 'masked' so electrophysiological and clinical data were kept separate. Criteria have been devised which enable PERG measurements to distinguish all established glaucomatous eyes from all normal controls; these criteria demonstrate abnormalities in some OHT eyes, particularly those at high risk. The PERG abnormality is greatest in eyes with established glaucoma in which the intraocular pressure has been lowered by treatment. The PERG becomes smaller as the degree of clinical abnormality increases. Test-retest variability of the PERG is sufficiently low to ensure that most of those first described as abnormal continue to be so.
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Affiliation(s)
- E O'Donaghue
- Electrodiagnosis Department, Moorfields Eye Hospital, London
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