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Nguyen CQ, Kariyawasam DST, Ngai TSJ, Nguyen J, Alba-Concepcion K, Grattan SE, Palmer EE, Hetherington K, Wakefield CE, Dale RC, Woolfenden S, Mohammad S, Farrar MA. 'High hopes for treatment': Australian stakeholder perspectives of the clinical translation of advanced neurotherapeutics for rare neurological diseases. Health Expect 2024; 27:e14063. [PMID: 38711219 DOI: 10.1111/hex.14063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Advanced therapies offer unprecedented opportunities for treating rare neurological disorders (RNDs) in children. However, health literacy, perceptions and understanding of novel therapies need elucidation across the RND community. This study explored healthcare professionals' and carers' perspectives of advanced therapies in childhood-onset RNDs. METHODS In this mixed-methodology cross-sectional study, 20 healthcare professionals (clinicians, genetic counsellors and scientists) and 20 carers completed qualitative semistructured interviews and custom-designed surveys. Carers undertook validated psychosocial questionnaires. Thematic and quantitative data analysis followed. RESULTS Participants described high positive interest in advanced therapies, but low knowledge of, and access to, reliable information. The substantial 'therapeutic gap' and 'therapeutic odyssey' common to RNDs were recognised in five key themes: (i) unmet need and urgency for access; (ii) seeking information; (iii) access, equity and sustainability; (iv) a multidisciplinary and integrated approach to care and support and (v) difficult decision-making. Participants were motivated to intensify RND clinical trial activity and access to advanced therapies; however, concerns around informed consent, first-in-human trials and clinical trial procedures were evident. There was high-risk tolerance despite substantial uncertainties and knowledge gaps. RNDs with high mortality, increased functional burdens and no alternative therapies were consistently prioritised for the development of advanced therapies. However, little consensus existed on prioritisation to treatment access. CONCLUSIONS This study highlights the need to increase clinician and health system readiness for the clinical translation of advanced therapeutics for RNDs. Co-development and use of educational and psychosocial resources to support clinical decision-making, set therapeutic expectations and promotion of equitable, effective and safe delivery of advanced therapies are essential. PATIENT OR PUBLIC CONTRIBUTION Participant insights into the psychosocial burden and information need to enhance the delivery of care in this formative study are informing ongoing partnerships with families, including co-production and dissemination of psychoeducational resources featuring their voices hosted on the Sydney Children's Hospitals Network website SCHN Brain-Aid Resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Q Nguyen
- Discipline of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of New South Wales Medicine and Health, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Didu S T Kariyawasam
- Discipline of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of New South Wales Medicine and Health, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Department of Neurology, Sydney Children's Hospital Network, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Tsz Shun Jason Ngai
- Discipline of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of New South Wales Medicine and Health, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - James Nguyen
- Discipline of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of New South Wales Medicine and Health, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Kristine Alba-Concepcion
- Discipline of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of New South Wales Medicine and Health, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Department of Neurology, Sydney Children's Hospital Network, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Sarah E Grattan
- Discipline of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of New South Wales Medicine and Health, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Department of Neurology, Sydney Children's Hospital Network, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Elizabeth E Palmer
- Discipline of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of New South Wales Medicine and Health, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Centre for Clinical Genetics, Sydney Children's Hospital Network, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Kate Hetherington
- Discipline of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of New South Wales Medicine and Health, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Behavioural Science Unit, Kids Cancer Centre, Sydney Children's Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Claire E Wakefield
- Discipline of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of New South Wales Medicine and Health, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Behavioural Science Unit, Kids Cancer Centre, Sydney Children's Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Russell C Dale
- Department of Neurology, Sydney Children's Hospital Network, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Children's Hospital Westmead Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Sue Woolfenden
- Children's Hospital Westmead Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Population Child Health Research Group, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Sydney Institute for Women, Children and their Families, Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Shekeeb Mohammad
- Department of Neurology, Sydney Children's Hospital Network, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Children's Hospital Westmead Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Michelle A Farrar
- Discipline of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of New South Wales Medicine and Health, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Department of Neurology, Sydney Children's Hospital Network, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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2
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Nguyen ST, Huong TTT, Ca NX, Nguyen CQ. Enhancing the electronic and optical properties of the metal/semiconductor NbS 2/BSe nanoheterostructure towards advanced electronics. Nanoscale Adv 2024; 6:1565-1572. [PMID: 38419869 PMCID: PMC10898431 DOI: 10.1039/d3na01086d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Metal-semiconductor (M-S) contacts play a vital role in advanced applications, serving as crucial components in ultracompact devices and exerting a significant impact on overall device performance. Here, in this work, we design a M-S nanoheterostructure between a metallic NbS2 monolayer and a semiconducting BSe monolayer using first-principles prediction. The stability of such an M-S nanoheterostructure is verified and its electronic and optical properties are also considered. Our results indicate that the NbS2/BSe nanoheterostructure is structurally, mechanically and thermally stable. The formation of the NbS2/BSe heterostructure leads to the generation of a Schottky contact with the Schottky barrier ranging from 0.36 to 0.51 eV, depending on the stacking configurations. In addition, the optical absorption coefficient of the NbS2/BSe heterostructure can reach up to 5 × 105 cm-1 at a photon energy of about 5 eV, which is still greater than that in the constituent NbS2 and BSe monolayers. This finding suggests that the formation of the M-S NbS2/BSe heterostructure gives rise to an enhancement in the optical absorption of both NbS2 and BSe monolayers. Notably, the tunneling probability and the contact tunneling-specific resistivity at the interface of the NbS2/BSe heterostructure are low, indicating its applicability in emerging nanoelectronic devices, such as Schottky diodes and field-effect transistors. Our findings offer valuable insights for the practical utilization of electronic devices based on the NbS2/BSe heterostructure.
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Affiliation(s)
- S T Nguyen
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Hanoi University of Industry Ha Noi 100000 Vietnam
| | - T T T Huong
- Institute of Science and Technology, TNU-University of Sciences Thai Nguyen Vietnam
- Department of Science and Technology, Ha Noi University of Industry Ha Noi 100000 Vietnam
| | - N X Ca
- Institute of Science and Technology, TNU-University of Sciences Thai Nguyen Vietnam
| | - C Q Nguyen
- Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University Da Nang 550000 Vietnam
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Duy Tan University Da Nang 550000 Vietnam
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3
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Singh P, Gollapalli K, Mangiola S, Schranner D, Yusuf MA, Chamoli M, Shi SL, Bastos BL, Nair T, Riermeier A, Vayndorf EM, Wu JZ, Nilakhe A, Nguyen CQ, Muir M, Kiflezghi MG, Foulger A, Junker A, Devine J, Sharan K, Chinta SJ, Rajput S, Rane A, Baumert P, Schönfelder M, Iavarone F, Lorenzo GD, Kumari S, Gupta A, Sarkar R, Khyriem C, Chawla AS, Sharma A, Sarper N, Chattopadhyay N, Biswal BK, Settembre C, Nagarajan P, Targoff KL, Picard M, Gupta S, Velagapudi V, Papenfuss AT, Kaya A, Ferreira MG, Kennedy BK, Andersen JK, Lithgow GJ, Ali AM, Mukhopadhyay A, Palotie A, Kastenmüller G, Kaeberlein M, Wackerhage H, Pal B, Yadav VK. Taurine deficiency as a driver of aging. Science 2023; 380:eabn9257. [PMID: 37289866 PMCID: PMC10630957 DOI: 10.1126/science.abn9257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Aging is associated with changes in circulating levels of various molecules, some of which remain undefined. We find that concentrations of circulating taurine decline with aging in mice, monkeys, and humans. A reversal of this decline through taurine supplementation increased the health span (the period of healthy living) and life span in mice and health span in monkeys. Mechanistically, taurine reduced cellular senescence, protected against telomerase deficiency, suppressed mitochondrial dysfunction, decreased DNA damage, and attenuated inflammaging. In humans, lower taurine concentrations correlated with several age-related diseases and taurine concentrations increased after acute endurance exercise. Thus, taurine deficiency may be a driver of aging because its reversal increases health span in worms, rodents, and primates and life span in worms and rodents. Clinical trials in humans seem warranted to test whether taurine deficiency might drive aging in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parminder Singh
- Metabolic Research Laboratories, National Institute of Immunology; New Delhi, India
| | - Kishore Gollapalli
- Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University; New York, USA
| | - Stefano Mangiola
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne; Melbourne, Australia
- School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University; Bundoora, Australia
- Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute; Heidelberg, Australia
| | - Daniela Schranner
- Exercise Biology Group, Technical University of Munich; Munich, Germany
- Institute of Computational Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München; Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Mohd Aslam Yusuf
- Department of Bioengineering, Integral University; Lucknow, India
| | - Manish Chamoli
- Buck Institute of Age Research, 8001 Redwood Blvd; California, USA
| | - Sting L. Shi
- Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University; New York, USA
| | - Bruno Lopes Bastos
- Institute for Research on Cancer and Aging of Nice (IRCAN); Nice, France
| | - Tripti Nair
- Molecular Aging Laboratory, National Institute of Immunology; New Delhi, India
| | - Annett Riermeier
- Exercise Biology Group, Technical University of Munich; Munich, Germany
| | - Elena M. Vayndorf
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington; WA, USA
| | - Judy Z. Wu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington; WA, USA
| | - Aishwarya Nilakhe
- Metabolic Research Laboratories, National Institute of Immunology; New Delhi, India
| | - Christina Q. Nguyen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington; WA, USA
| | - Michael Muir
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington; WA, USA
| | - Michael G. Kiflezghi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington; WA, USA
| | - Anna Foulger
- Buck Institute of Age Research, 8001 Redwood Blvd; California, USA
| | - Alex Junker
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University; New York, USA
| | - Jack Devine
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University; New York, USA
| | - Kunal Sharan
- Mouse Genetics Project, Wellcome Sanger Institute; Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Swati Rajput
- Division of Endocrinology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute; Lucknow, India
| | - Anand Rane
- Buck Institute of Age Research, 8001 Redwood Blvd; California, USA
| | - Philipp Baumert
- Exercise Biology Group, Technical University of Munich; Munich, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Swati Kumari
- Metabolic Research Laboratories, National Institute of Immunology; New Delhi, India
| | - Alka Gupta
- Metabolic Research Laboratories, National Institute of Immunology; New Delhi, India
| | - Rajesh Sarkar
- Metabolic Research Laboratories, National Institute of Immunology; New Delhi, India
| | - Costerwell Khyriem
- Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research; Perth, Australia
- Curtin Medical School, Curtin University; Perth, Australia
| | - Amanpreet S. Chawla
- Immunobiology Laboratory, National Institute of Immunology; New Delhi, India
- MRC-Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitination Unit, University of Dundee; Dundee, UK
| | - Ankur Sharma
- Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research; Perth, Australia
- Curtin Medical School, Curtin University; Perth, Australia
| | - Nazan Sarper
- Pediatrics and Pediatric Hematology, Kocaeli University Hospital; Kocaeli, Turkey
| | | | - Bichitra K. Biswal
- Metabolic Research Laboratories, National Institute of Immunology; New Delhi, India
| | - Carmine Settembre
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM); Pozzuoli, Italy
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University; Naples, Italy
| | - Perumal Nagarajan
- Primate Research Facility, National Institute of Immunology; New Delhi, India
- Small Animal Research Facility, National Institute of Immunology; New Delhi, India
| | - Kimara L. Targoff
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University; New York, USA
| | - Martin Picard
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University; New York, USA
| | - Sarika Gupta
- Metabolic Research Laboratories, National Institute of Immunology; New Delhi, India
| | - Vidya Velagapudi
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland FIMM, University of Helsinki; Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Alaattin Kaya
- Department of Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University; Virginia, USA
| | | | - Brian K. Kennedy
- Healthy Longevity Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore; Singapore, Singapore
- Centre for Healthy Longevity, National University Health System; Singapore, Singapore
- Departments of Biochemistry and Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore; Singapore, Singapore
| | | | | | - Abdullah Mahmood Ali
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center; New York, USA
| | - Arnab Mukhopadhyay
- Molecular Aging Laboratory, National Institute of Immunology; New Delhi, India
| | - Aarno Palotie
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland FIMM, University of Helsinki; Helsinki, Finland
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT; Cambridge, USA
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital; Boston, USA
| | - Gabi Kastenmüller
- Institute of Computational Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München; Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Matt Kaeberlein
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington; WA, USA
| | | | - Bhupinder Pal
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne; Melbourne, Australia
- School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University; Bundoora, Australia
| | - Vijay K. Yadav
- Metabolic Research Laboratories, National Institute of Immunology; New Delhi, India
- Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University; New York, USA
- Mouse Genetics Project, Wellcome Sanger Institute; Cambridge, UK
- Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University; New York, USA
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4
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Nguyen CQ, Kariyawasam D, Alba‐Concepcion K, Grattan S, Hetherington K, Wakefield CE, Woolfenden S, Dale RC, Palmer EE, Farrar MA. ‘Advocacy groups are the connectors’: Experiences and contributions of rare disease patient organization leaders in advanced neurotherapeutics. Health Expect 2022; 25:3175-3191. [DOI: 10.1111/hex.13625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2022] [Revised: 08/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Christina Q. Nguyen
- Discipline of Paediatrics and Child Health, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health UNSW Sydney Sydney New South Wales Australia
- Department of Neurology Sydney Children's Hospital Network Randwick New South Wales Australia
| | - Didu Kariyawasam
- Discipline of Paediatrics and Child Health, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health UNSW Sydney Sydney New South Wales Australia
- Department of Neurology Sydney Children's Hospital Network Randwick New South Wales Australia
| | - Kristine Alba‐Concepcion
- Discipline of Paediatrics and Child Health, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health UNSW Sydney Sydney New South Wales Australia
- Department of Neurology Sydney Children's Hospital Network Randwick New South Wales Australia
| | - Sarah Grattan
- Discipline of Paediatrics and Child Health, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health UNSW Sydney Sydney New South Wales Australia
- Department of Neurology Sydney Children's Hospital Network Randwick New South Wales Australia
| | - Kate Hetherington
- Discipline of Paediatrics and Child Health, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health UNSW Sydney Sydney New South Wales Australia
- Behavioural Sciences Unit, Kids Cancer Centre Sydney Children's Hospital Randwick New South Wales Australia
| | - Claire E. Wakefield
- Discipline of Paediatrics and Child Health, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health UNSW Sydney Sydney New South Wales Australia
- Behavioural Sciences Unit, Kids Cancer Centre Sydney Children's Hospital Randwick New South Wales Australia
| | - Susan Woolfenden
- Discipline of Paediatrics and Child Health, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health UNSW Sydney Sydney New South Wales Australia
- Sydney Institute Women Children and their Families Sydney New South Wales Australia
| | - Russell C. Dale
- Department of Neurology Sydney Children's Hospital Network Randwick New South Wales Australia
- Children's Hospital at Westmead Clinical School University of Sydney Westmead New South Wales Australia
| | - Elizabeth E. Palmer
- Discipline of Paediatrics and Child Health, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health UNSW Sydney Sydney New South Wales Australia
- Centre for Clinical Genetics Sydney Children's Hospital Network Randwick New South Wales Australia
| | - Michelle A. Farrar
- Discipline of Paediatrics and Child Health, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health UNSW Sydney Sydney New South Wales Australia
- Department of Neurology Sydney Children's Hospital Network Randwick New South Wales Australia
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5
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Nguyen CQ, Alba-Concepcion K, Palmer EE, Scully JL, Millis N, Farrar MA. The involvement of rare disease patient organisations in therapeutic innovation across rare paediatric neurological conditions: a narrative review. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2022; 17:167. [PMID: 35436886 PMCID: PMC9014615 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-022-02317-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
The patient voice is becoming increasingly prominent across all stages of therapeutic innovation. It pervades research domains from funding and recruitment, to translation, care, and support. Advances in genomic technologies have facilitated novel breakthrough therapies, whose global developments, regulatory approvals, and confined governmental subsidisations have stimulated renewed hope amongst rare disease patient organisations (RDPOs). With intensifying optimism characterising the therapeutic landscape, researcher-advocate partnerships have reached an inflexion point, at which stakeholders may evaluate their achievements and formulate frameworks for future refinement.
Main text
Through this narrative review, we surveyed relevant literature around the roles of RDPOs catering to the rare paediatric neurological disease community. Via available literature, we considered RDPO interactions within seven domains of therapeutic development: research grant funding, industry sponsorship, study recruitment, clinical care and support, patient-reported outcome measures, and research prioritisation. In doing so, we explored practical and ethical challenges, gaps in understanding, and future directions of inquiry. Current literature highlights the increasing significance of ethical and financial challenges to patient advocacy. Biomedical venture philanthropy is gaining momentum amongst RDPOs, whose small grants can incrementally assist laboratories in research, training, and pursuits of more substantial grants. However, RDPO seed funding may encounter long-term sustainability issues and difficulties in selecting appropriate research investments. Further challenges include advocate-industry collaborations, commercial biases, and unresolved controversies regarding orphan drug subsidisation. Beyond their financial interactions, RDPOs serve instrumental roles in project promotion, participant recruitment, biobank creation, and patient registry establishment. They are communication conduits between carers, patients, and other stakeholders, but their contributions may be susceptible to bias and unrealistic expectations.
Conclusion
Further insights into how RDPOs navigate practical and ethical challenges in therapeutic development may enhance cooperative efforts. They may also inform resources, whose distribution among advocates, parents, and clinicians, may assist decision-making processes around rare disease clinical trials and treatments.
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Moore TM, Terrazas A, Strumwasser AR, Lin AJ, Zhu X, Anand ATS, Nguyen CQ, Stiles L, Norheim F, Lang JM, Hui ST, Turcotte LP, Zhou Z. Effect of voluntary exercise upon the metabolic syndrome and gut microbiome composition in mice. Physiol Rep 2021; 9:e15068. [PMID: 34755487 PMCID: PMC8578881 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.15068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The metabolic syndrome is a cluster of conditions that increase an individual's risk of developing diseases. Being physically active throughout life is known to reduce the prevalence and onset of some aspects of the metabolic syndrome. Furthermore, previous studies have demonstrated that an individual's gut microbiome composition has a large influence on several aspects of the metabolic syndrome. However, the mechanism(s) by which physical activity may improve metabolic health are not well understood. We sought to determine if endurance exercise is sufficient to prevent or ameliorate the development of the metabolic syndrome and its associated diseases. We also analyzed the impact of physical activity under metabolic syndrome progression upon the gut microbiome composition. Utilizing whole-body low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) knockout mice on a "Western Diet," we show that long-term exercise acts favorably upon glucose tolerance, adiposity, and liver lipids. Exercise increased mitochondrial abundance in skeletal muscle but did not reduce liver fibrosis, aortic lesion area, or plasma lipids. Lastly, we observed several changes in gut bacteria and their novel associations with metabolic parameters of clinical importance. Altogether, our results indicate that exercise can ameliorate some aspects of the metabolic syndrome progression and alter the gut microbiome composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy M. Moore
- Division of CardiologyDepartment of MedicineUniversity of CaliforniaLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
| | - Anthony Terrazas
- Division of CardiologyDepartment of MedicineUniversity of CaliforniaLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
| | - Alexander R. Strumwasser
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and HypertensionUniversity of CaliforniaLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
| | - Amanda J. Lin
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and HypertensionUniversity of CaliforniaLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
| | - Xiaopeng Zhu
- Division of Pediatric EndocrinologyDepartment of Pediatrics UCLA Children's Discovery and Innovation InstituteDepartment of MedicineUniversity of CaliforniaLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
- Present address:
Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism. Zhongshan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghaiP.R.China
| | - Akshay T. S. Anand
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and HypertensionUniversity of CaliforniaLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
| | - Christina Q. Nguyen
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and HypertensionUniversity of CaliforniaLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
| | - Linsey Stiles
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and HypertensionUniversity of CaliforniaLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
| | - Frode Norheim
- Department of Human GeneticsUniversity of CaliforniaLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
- Present address:
Department of NutritionFaculty of MedicineInstitute of Basic Medical SciencesUniversity of OsloOsloNorway
| | - Jennifer M. Lang
- Department of Human GeneticsUniversity of CaliforniaLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
| | - Simon T. Hui
- Division of CardiologyDepartment of MedicineUniversity of CaliforniaLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
| | - Lorraine P. Turcotte
- Department of Biological SciencesDana & David Dornsife College of Letters, Arts, and SciencesUniversity of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
| | - Zhenqi Zhou
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and HypertensionUniversity of CaliforniaLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
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7
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Moore TM, Lin AJ, Strumwasser AR, Cory K, Whitney K, Ho T, Ho T, Lee JL, Rucker DH, Nguyen CQ, Yackly A, Mahata SK, Wanagat J, Stiles L, Turcotte LP, Crosbie RH, Zhou Z. Mitochondrial Dysfunction Is an Early Consequence of Partial or Complete Dystrophin Loss in mdx Mice. Front Physiol 2020; 11:690. [PMID: 32636760 PMCID: PMC7317021 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is characterized by rapid wasting of skeletal muscle. Mitochondrial dysfunction is a well-known pathological feature of DMD. However, whether mitochondrial dysfunction occurs before muscle fiber damage in DMD pathology is not well known. Furthermore, the impact upon heterozygous female mdx carriers (mdx/+), who display dystrophin mosaicism, has received little attention. We hypothesized that dystrophin deletion leads to mitochondrial dysfunction, and that this may occur before myofiber necrosis. As a secondary complication to mitochondrial dysfunction, we also hypothesized metabolic abnormalities prior to the onset of muscle damage. In this study, we detected aberrant mitochondrial morphology, reduced cristae number, and large mitochondrial vacuoles from both male and female mdx mice prior to the onset of muscle damage. Furthermore, we systematically characterized mitochondria during disease progression starting before the onset of muscle damage, noting additional changes in mitochondrial DNA copy number and regulators of mitochondrial size. We further detected mild metabolic and mitochondrial impairments in female mdx carrier mice that were exacerbated with high-fat diet feeding. Lastly, inhibition of the strong autophagic program observed in adolescent mdx male mice via administration of the autophagy inhibitor leupeptin did not improve skeletal muscle pathology. These results are in line with previous data and suggest that before the onset of myofiber necrosis, mitochondrial and metabolic abnormalities are present within the mdx mouse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy M. Moore
- Department of Biological Sciences, Dana & David Dornsife College of Letters, Arts, and Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Hypertension, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Amanda J. Lin
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Hypertension, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Alexander R. Strumwasser
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Hypertension, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Kevin Cory
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Hypertension, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Kate Whitney
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Hypertension, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Theodore Ho
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Hypertension, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Timothy Ho
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Hypertension, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Joseph L. Lee
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Hypertension, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Daniel H. Rucker
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Hypertension, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Christina Q. Nguyen
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Hypertension, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Aidan Yackly
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Hypertension, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Sushil K. Mahata
- VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, United States
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Jonathan Wanagat
- Division of Geriatrics, Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Linsey Stiles
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Hypertension, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Lorraine P. Turcotte
- Department of Biological Sciences, Dana & David Dornsife College of Letters, Arts, and Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Rachelle H. Crosbie
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Zhenqi Zhou
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Hypertension, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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8
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Karabiyik A, Peck AB, Nguyen CQ. The important role of T cells and receptor expression in Sjögren's syndrome. Scand J Immunol 2013; 78:157-66. [PMID: 23679844 DOI: 10.1111/sji.12079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2013] [Accepted: 05/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Sjögren's syndrome (SjS), an autoimmune disease characterized by exocrine gland dysfunction leading to dry mouth and dry eye diseases, is typified by progressive leucocyte infiltrations of the salivary and lacrimal glands. Histologically, these leucocyte infiltrations generally establish periductal aggregates, referred to as lymphocytic foci (LF), which occasionally appear as germinal centre (GC)-like structures. The formation and organization of these LF suggest an important and dynamic role for helper T cells (TH), specifically TH1, TH2 and the recently discovered TH17, in development and onset of clinical SjS, considered a B cell-mediated hypersensitivity type 2 disease. Despite an ever-increasing focus on identifying the underlying aetiology of SjS, defining factors that initiate this autoimmune disease remain a mystery. Thus, determining interactions between infiltrating TH cells and exocrine gland tissue (auto-)antigens represents a fertile research endeavour. This review discusses pathological functions of TH cells in SjS, the current status of TH cell receptor gene rearrangements associated with human and mouse models of SjS and potential future prospects for identifying receptor-autoantigen interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Karabiyik
- Department of Pathology and Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
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9
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Abstract
Sjögren's syndrome (SS) of humans and SS-like (SjS-like) diseases in mouse models are characterized by chronic immune attacks against the salivary and lacrimal glands leading to exocrine dysfunction. One characteristic of SS and SjS-like diseases repeatedly observed is a strong upregulated expression of both the type I (α/β) and type II (γ) interferons (IFNs). In addition, recent global transcriptome studies have identified a variety of IFN-stimulated gene (ISG) transcripts differentially expressed in tissues of SS patients and mouse models exhibiting SjS-like disease. Analyses of these transcriptome databases indicate that the sets of differentially expressed genes are highly restricted, suggesting that there is a unique specificity in ISGs activated (or suppressed) during development and onset of disease. As a result, these observations have led to both SS and SjS-like diseases being designated as 'interferon-signature' diseases. While SS and SjS-like diseases may be designated as such, very little effort has been made to determine what an interferon-signature might signify relative to autoinflammation and whether it might point directly to an underlying etiopathological mechanism. Here, we review these limited data and provide a model of how the products of these genes interact molecularly and biologically to define critical details of SS pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- A B Peck
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA. peck@ pathology.ufl.edu
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10
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Tsang SW, Nguyen CQ, Hall DH, Chow KL. mab-7 encodes a novel transmembrane protein that orchestrates sensory ray morphogenesis in C. elegans. Dev Biol 2007; 312:353-66. [PMID: 17959165 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2007.09.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2007] [Revised: 09/08/2007] [Accepted: 09/18/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The tapered sensory rays of the male Caenorhabditis elegans are important for successful male/hermaphrodite copulation. A group of ram (ray morphology abnormal) genes encoding modifying enzymes and transmembrane protein have been reported as key regulators controlling ray morphogenesis. Here we report the characterization of another component essential for this morphogenetic process encoded by mab-7. This gene is active in the hypodermis, structural cells, the body seam and several head neurons. It encodes a novel protein with a hydrophobic region at the N-terminus, an EGF-like motif, an ShKT motif and a long C-terminal tail. All these domains are shown to be critical to MAB-7 activity except the EGF-like domain, which appears to be regulatory and dispensable. MAB-7 is shown to be a type II membrane protein, tethered on the cell surface by the N-terminal transmembrane domain with the remainder of the protein exposed to the extracellular matrix. Since ectopic mab-7 expression in any ray cell or even in touch neurons of non-ray lineage can rescue the mutant phenotype, mab-7 is probably acting non-autonomously. It may facilitate intercellular communication among ray cells to augment normal ray morphogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- S W Tsang
- Department of Biology, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong
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11
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Barr MM, DeModena J, Braun D, Nguyen CQ, Hall DH, Sternberg PW. The Caenorhabditis elegans autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease gene homologs lov-1 and pkd-2 act in the same pathway. Curr Biol 2001; 11:1341-6. [PMID: 11553327 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-9822(01)00423-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 223] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) strikes 1 in 1000 individuals and often results in end-stage renal failure. Mutations in either PKD1 or PKD2 account for 95% of all cases [1-3]. It has recently been demonstrated that polycystin-1 and polycystin-2 (encoded by PKD1 and PKD2, respectively) assemble to form a cation channel in vitro [4]. Here we determine that the Caenorhabditis elegans PKD1 and PKD2 homologs, lov-1 [5] and pkd-2, act in the same pathway in vivo. Mutations in either lov-1 or pkd-2 result in identical male sensory behavioral defects. Also, pkd-2;lov-1 double mutants are no more severe than either of the single mutants, indicating that lov-1 and pkd-2 act together. LOV-1::GFP and PKD-2::GFP are expressed in the same male-specific sensory neurons and are concentrated in cilia and cell bodies. Cytoplasmic, nonnuclear staining in cell bodies is punctate, suggesting that one pool of PKD-2 is localized to intracellular membranes while another is found in sensory cilia. In contrast to defects in the C. elegans autosomal recessive PKD gene osm-5 [6-8], the cilia of lov-1 and pkd-2 single mutants and of lov-1;pkd-2 double mutants are normal as judged by electron microscopy, demonstrating that lov-1 and pkd-2 are not required for ultrastructural development of male-specific sensory cilia.
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Affiliation(s)
- M M Barr
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 777 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI 53705, USA.
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Abstract
Tissue morphogenesis requires complex cellular interaction and communication. The sensory ray in the Caenorhabditis elegans male tail has a simple cellular make-up and a non-essential function, thus providing an ideal model for studying the mechanisms guiding morphogenesis. We present here the analysis of a novel gene, ram-5, mutations of which are characterized by abnormal lumpy rays in the male tail. Microscopic analysis and behavioral studies revealed that lumpy rays contain operational sensory neurons. However, abnormalities were observed in the hypodermis and structural cells as well as in appositions between these two cell types. Molecular cloning and expression studies revealed that the ram-5 gene encodes a transmembrane protein localized in sensory ray support cells, the structural cells. Expression of ram-5 in these cells is required for normal ray morphogenesis. ram-5-dependent cell-cell communication is implicated in organizing the structural cell and the hypodermis, potentially through adhesion at the structural cell-hypodermal cell border.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Y Yu
- Department of Biology, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong
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13
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Abstract
Using electron microscopy and immunofluorescent labeling of adherens junctions, we have reconstructed the changes in cell architecture and intercellular associations that occur during morphogenesis of the nematode male tail tip. During late postembryonic development, the Caenorhabditis elegans male tail is reshaped to form a copulatory structure. The most posterior hypodermal cells in the tail define a specialized, sexually dimorphic compartment in which cells fuse and retract in the male, changing their shape from a tapered cone to a blunt dome. Developmental profiles using electron microscopy and immunofluorescent staining suggest that cell fusions are initiated at or adjacent to adherens junctions. Anterior portions of the tail tip cells show the first evidence of retractions and fusions, consistent with our hypothesis that an anterior event triggers these morphogenetic events. Available mutations that interfere with morphogenesis implicate particular regulatory pathways and suggest loci at which evolutionary changes could have produced morphological diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Q Nguyen
- Department of Biology, New York University, New York, New York, 10003, USA
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