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McConnell K, Keenan C, Storey C, Thurston A. Video-based interventions promoting social behavioural skills for autistic children and young people: An evidence and gap map. Campbell Syst Rev 2024; 20:e1405. [PMID: 38707947 PMCID: PMC11066762 DOI: 10.1002/cl2.1405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
Background Video-based interventions (VBIs) are an approach that can be used to promote social behavioural skills for autistic children and young people. Despite an abundance of literature in this area, previous evidence syntheses are limited by their exclusive search strategies and eligibility criteria. Therefore, there is a lack of comprehensive evidence syntheses to provide insight on whether these interventions work, for whom, and in what circumstances. Evidence and Gap Maps (EGMs) are used to collate vast literature on a broad topic area such as this, highlighting areas for synthesis, and identifying gaps for future research. Objectives To identify, map and synthesise existing primary research on VBIs promoting social behavioural skills for autistic children and young people, creating a live, searchable and publicly available EGM. Search Methods Searches were conducted in electronic databases (n = 8), web search engines, and other repositories including published papers and grey literature. The search strategy was developed around two concepts including (1) terms related to autism, and (2) terms related to VBIs. Searches were conducted in May 2021. Selection Criteria All primary studies evaluating the effectiveness of VBIs in promoting social behaviours for autistic children and young people aged 3-18 were included in the EGM. Data Collection and Analysis Search results were imported into Eppi-Reviewer where duplicates of identical studies were removed. Titles and abstracts were then screened by two independent reviewers. Potentially eligible full texts were located and also screened by two reviewers. Data were then extracted on study design, participant characteristics, type of intervention, type of outcome, and country of study, by one of three reviewers. EPPI-Mapper was used to create the interactive EGM. Main Results The current EGM contains 438 studies reporting on 394 single subject research designs, 25 randomised controlled trials, 15 non-randomised group designs, and 8 pretest-posttest designs. Included studies evaluated VBIs in all male (n = 238), mixed gender (n = 172) or all female (n = 17) samples. VBIs employed included video modelling (n = 273), video self-modelling (n = 82), point-of-view modelling (n = 61), video prompting (n = 57), video feedback (n = 12) and computer-based video instruction (n = 4). The most frequently used models were adults (n = 191) and peers (n = 135). In relation to social outcomes, almost half evaluated social engagement (n = 199) with limited studies looking at safety (n = 9) and community (n = 7) skills. Authors' Conclusions This EGM provides a valuable resource for policy-makers, practitioners, researchers, funders and members of the public to access evidence on VBIs promoting social behavioural skills in autistic children and young people. The map has identified areas of sufficient research where evidence can undergo synthesis. In addition, important gaps in the evidence were highlighted and suggest further research is warranted in all female samples and less frequently evaluated types of VBIs and social outcomes. Evidence included in this EGM will be further explored via systematic review and meta-analysis on control group designs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen McConnell
- School of Nursing and MidwiferyQueen's University BelfastBelfastUK
| | - Ciara Keenan
- Research and Evidence, National Children's BureauLondonUK
| | | | - Allen Thurston
- School of Social Sciences, Education and Social WorkQueen's University BelfastBelfastUK
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2
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Hanratty J, Keenan C, O'Connor SR, Leonard R, Chi Y, Ferguson J, Axiaq A, Miller S, Bradley D, Dempster M. Psychological and psychosocial determinants of COVID Health Related Behaviours (COHeRe): An evidence and gap map. Campbell Syst Rev 2023; 19:e1336. [PMID: 37361553 PMCID: PMC10286725 DOI: 10.1002/cl2.1336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Background The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, has resulted in illness, deaths and societal disruption on a global scale. Societies have implemented various control measures to reduce transmission of the virus and mitigate its impact. Individual behavioural changes are crucial to the successful implementation of these measures. Common recommended measures to limit risk of infection include frequent handwashing, reducing the frequency of social interactions and the use of face coverings. It is important to identify those factors that can predict the uptake and maintenance of these protective behaviours. Objectives We aimed to identify and map the existing evidence (published and unpublished) on psychological and psychosocial factors that determine uptake and adherence to behaviours aimed at reducing the risk of infection or transmission of COVID-19. Search Methods Our extensive search included electronic databases (n = 12), web searches, conference proceedings, government reports, other repositories including both published peer reviewed, pre-prints and grey literature. The search strategy was built around three concepts of interest including (1) context (terms relating to COVID-19), (2) behaviours of interest and (3) terms related to psychological and psychosocial determinants of COVID Health-Related Behaviours and adherence or compliance with recommended behaviours, to capture both malleable and non-malleable determinants (i.e. determinants that could be changed and those that could not). Selection Criteria This Evidence and Gap Map (EGM) includes all types of studies examining determinants of common recommended behaviours aimed at mitigating human-to-human spread of COVID-19. All potential malleable and non-malleable determinants of one or more behaviours are included in the map. As part of the mapping process, categories are used to group determinants. The mapping categories were based on a previous rapid review by Hanratty 2021. These include: 'behaviour', 'cognition', 'demographics', 'disease', 'emotions', 'health status', 'information', 'intervention', and 'knowledge'. Those not suitable for categorisation in any of these groups are included in the map as 'other' determinants. Data Collection and Analysis Results were imported to a bibliographic reference manager where duplications of identical studies gathered from multiple sources were removed. Data extraction procedures were managed in EPPI-Reviewer software. Information on study type, population, behaviours measured and determinants measured were extracted. We appraised the methodological quality of systematic reviews with AMSTAR-2. We did not appraise the quality of primary studies in this map. Main Results As of 1 June 2022 the EGM includes 1034 records reporting on 860 cross-sectional, 68 longitudinal, 78 qualitative, 25 reviews, 62 interventional, and 39 other studies (e.g., mixed-methods approaches). The map includes studies that measured social distancing (n = 487), masks and face coverings (n = 382), handwashing (n = 308), physical distancing (n = 177), isolation/quarantine (n = 157), respiratory hygiene/etiquette (n = 75), cleaning surfaces (n = 59), and avoiding touching the T-zone (n = 48). There were 333 studies that assessed composite measures of two or more behaviours. The largest cluster of determinants was 'demographics' (n = 730 studies), followed by 'cognition' (n = 496 studies) and determinants categorised as 'other' (n = 447). These included factors such as 'beliefs', 'culture' and 'access to resources'. Less evidence is available for some determinants such as 'interventions' (n = 99 studies), 'information' (n = 101 studies), and 'behaviour' (149 studies). Authors' Conclusions This EGM provides a valuable resource for researchers, policy-makers and the public to access the available evidence on the determinants of various COVID-19 health-related behaviours. The map can also be used to help guide research commissioning, by evidence synthesis teams and evidence intermediaries to inform policy during the ongoing pandemic and potential future outbreaks of COVID-19 or other respiratory infections. Evidence included in the map will be explored further through a series of systematic reviews examining the strength of the associations between malleable determinants and the uptake and maintenance of individual protective behaviours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Hanratty
- School of PsychologyQueen's University BelfastBelfastUK
- Centre for Effective ServicesBelfastUK
| | | | | | | | - Yuan Chi
- Cochrane Global AgeingShanghaiChina
| | - Janet Ferguson
- School of PsychologyQueen's University BelfastBelfastUK
- Applied Behaviour Research ClinicUniversity of GalwayGalwayIreland
| | - Ariana Axiaq
- School of PsychologyQueen's University BelfastBelfastUK
| | - Sarah Miller
- School of Education, Social Sciences and Social WorkQueen's University BelfastBelfastUK
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3
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Aventin Á, Robinson M, Hanratty J, Keenan C, Hamilton J, McAteer ER, Tomlinson M, Clarke M, Okonofua F, Bonell C, Lohan M. Involving men and boys in family planning: A systematic review of the effective components and characteristics of complex interventions in low- and middle-income countries. Campbell Syst Rev 2023; 19:e1296. [PMID: 36911859 PMCID: PMC9837728 DOI: 10.1002/cl2.1296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Background Involving men and boys as both users and supporters of Family Planning (FP) is now considered essential for optimising maternal and child health outcomes. Evidence on how to engage men and boys to meet FP needs is therefore important. Objectives The main objective of this review was to assess the strength of evidence in the area and uncover the effective components and critical process- and system-level characteristics of successful interventions. Search Methods We searched nine electronic databases, seven grey literature databases, organisational websites, and the reference lists of systematic reviews relating to FP. To identify process evaluations and qualitative papers associated with the included experimental studies, we used Connected Papers and hand searches of reference lists. Selection Criteria Experimental and quasi-experimental studies of behavioural and service-level interventions involving males aged 10 years or over in low- and middle-income countries to increase uptake of FP methods were included in this review. Data Collection and Analysis Methodology was a causal chain analysis involving the development and testing of a logic model of intervention components based on stakeholder consultation and prior research. Qualitative and quantitative data relating to the evaluation studies and interventions were extracted based on the principles of 'effectiveness-plus' reviews. Quantitative analysis was undertaken using r with robust variance estimation (RVE), meta-analysis and meta-regression. Qualitative analysis involved 'best fit' framework synthesis. Results We identified 8885 potentially relevant records and included 127 in the review. Fifty-nine (46%) of these were randomised trials, the remainder were quasi-experimental studies with a comparison group. Fifty-four percent of the included studies were assessed as having a high risk of bias. A meta-analysis of 72 studies (k = 265) showed that the included group of interventions had statistically significantly higher odds of improving contraceptive use when compared to comparison groups (odds ratio = 1.38, confidence interval = 1.21 to 1.57, prediction interval = 0.36 to 5.31, p < 0.0001), but there were substantial variations in the effect sizes of the studies (Q = 40,647, df = 264, p < 0.0001; I 2 = 98%) and 73% was within cluster/study. Multi-variate meta-regression revealed several significant intervention delivery characteristics that moderate contraceptive use. These included community-based educational FP interventions, interventions delivered to women as well as men and interventions delivered by trained facilitators, professionals, or peers in community, home and community, or school settings. None of the eight identified intervention components or 33 combinations of components were significant moderators of effects on contraceptive use. Qualitative analysis highlighted some of the barriers and facilitators of effective models of FP that should be considered in future practice and research. Authors' Conclusions FP interventions that involve men and boys alongside women and girls are effective in improving uptake and use of contraceptives. The evidence suggests that policy should continue to promote the involvement of men and boys in FP in ways that also promote gender equality. Recommendations for research include the need for evaluations during conflict and disease outbreaks, and evaluation of gender transformative interventions which engage men and boys as contraceptive users and supporters in helping to achieve desired family size, fertility promotion, safe conception, as well as promoting equitable family planning decision-making for women and girls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Áine Aventin
- Queen's University BelfastBelfastNorthern Ireland
| | | | | | - Ciara Keenan
- Queen's University BelfastBelfastNorthern Ireland
| | | | | | - Mark Tomlinson
- Queen's University BelfastBelfastNorthern Ireland
- Stellenbosch UniversityStellenboschSouth Africa
| | - Mike Clarke
- Queen's University BelfastBelfastNorthern Ireland
| | | | - Chris Bonell
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical MedicineLondonUK
| | - Maria Lohan
- Queen's University BelfastBelfastNorthern Ireland
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4
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Miller S, Keenan C, Early E, McConnell K, Rodriguez L. PROTOCOL: Education and Covid-19: An evidence and gap map. Campbell Syst Rev 2023; 19:e1318. [PMID: 37132014 PMCID: PMC10024917 DOI: 10.1002/cl2.1318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
This is the protocol for a Campbell evidence and gap map. The objectives are as follows: identify and map all existing primary studies, systematic reviews (published and unpublished), guidelines and policies on education during the Covid-19 pandemic, creating a live, searchable and publicly available evidence and gap map.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Miller
- School of Social Sciences, Education and Social WorkQueen's University BelfastBelfastUK
| | - Ciara Keenan
- Campbell UK & IrelandQueen's University BelfastBelfastUK
| | - Erin Early
- Institute of EducationUniversity College LondonLondonEngland
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5
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Beecher C, Toomey E, Maeso B, Whiting C, Stewart DC, Worrall A, Elliott J, Smith M, Tierney T, Blackwood B, Maguire T, Kampman M, Ling B, Gill C, Healy P, Houghton C, Booth A, Garritty C, Thomas J, Tricco AC, Burke NN, Keenan C, Devane D. Priority III: top 10 rapid review methodology research priorities identified using a James Lind Alliance Priority Setting Partnership. J Clin Epidemiol 2022; 151:151-160. [PMID: 36038041 PMCID: PMC9487890 DOI: 10.1016/j.jclinepi.2022.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES A rapid review is a form of evidence synthesis considered a resource-efficient alternative to the conventional systematic review. Despite a dramatic rise in the number of rapid reviews commissioned and conducted in response to the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic, published evidence on the optimal methods of planning, doing, and sharing the results of these reviews is lacking. The Priority III study aimed to identify the top 10 unanswered questions on rapid review methodology to be addressed by future research. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING A modified James Lind Alliance Priority Setting Partnership approach was adopted. This approach used two online surveys and a virtual prioritization workshop with patients and the public, reviewers, researchers, clinicians, policymakers, and funders to identify and prioritize unanswered questions. RESULTS Patients and the public, researchers, reviewers, clinicians, policymakers, and funders identified and prioritized the top 10 unanswered research questions about rapid review methodology. Priorities were identified throughout the entire review process, from stakeholder involvement and formulating the question, to the methods of a systematic review that are appropriate to use, through to the dissemination of results. CONCLUSION The results of the Priority III study will inform the future research agenda on rapid review methodology. We hope this will enhance the quality of evidence produced by rapid reviews, which will ultimately inform decision-making in the context of healthcare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Beecher
- Evidence Synthesis Ireland and Cochrane Ireland, Galway, Ireland,School of Nursing and Midwifery, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland,HRB-Trials Methodology Research Network, Galway, Ireland,Corresponding author. School of Nursing and Midwifery, Aras Moyola, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland. Tel.: +353 91 493854
| | - Elaine Toomey
- School of Allied Health, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Beccy Maeso
- James Lind Alliance, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Caroline Whiting
- James Lind Alliance, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | | | - Andrew Worrall
- Public co-author, Evidence Synthesis Ireland, Galway, Ireland,Public co-author, Staffordshire, United Kingdom
| | - Jim Elliott
- Public co-author, Evidence Synthesis Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - Maureen Smith
- Public co-author, Cochrane Consumer Network Executive, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Theresa Tierney
- Patient Partner, HRB Primary Care Clinical Trials Network Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - Bronagh Blackwood
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | | | - Patricia Healy
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | | | - Andrew Booth
- School of Health And Related Research (ScHARR), University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | | | - James Thomas
- EPPI-Centre, UCL Social Research Institute, University College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Andrea C. Tricco
- Knowledge Translation Program, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, 209 Victoria St, M5B 1T8 Toronto, Ontario, Canada,Epidemiology Division and Institute for Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, 155 College St Room 500, M5T 3M7 Toronto, Ontario, Canada,Queen's Collaboration for Health Care Quality JBI Centre of Excellence, School of Nursing, Queen's University, 99 University Ave, K7L 3N6 Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nikita N. Burke
- Evidence Synthesis Ireland and Cochrane Ireland, Galway, Ireland,School of Nursing and Midwifery, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Ciara Keenan
- Campbell UK & Ireland, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Declan Devane
- Evidence Synthesis Ireland and Cochrane Ireland, Galway, Ireland,School of Nursing and Midwifery, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland,HRB-Trials Methodology Research Network, Galway, Ireland
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6
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Haddaway NR, Bannach-Brown A, Grainger MJ, Hamilton WK, Hennessy EA, Keenan C, Pritchard CC, Stojanova J. The evidence synthesis and meta-analysis in R conference (ESMARConf): levelling the playing field of conference accessibility and equitability. Syst Rev 2022; 11:113. [PMID: 35659294 PMCID: PMC9164457 DOI: 10.1186/s13643-022-01985-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Rigorous evidence is vital in all disciplines to ensure efficient, appropriate, and fit-for-purpose decision-making with minimised risk of unintended harm. To date, however, disciplines have been slow to share evidence synthesis frameworks, best practices, and tools amongst one another. Recent progress in collaborative digital and programmatic frameworks, such as the free and Open Source software R, have significantly expanded the opportunities for development of free-to-use, incrementally improvable, community driven tools to support evidence synthesis (e.g. EviAtlas, robvis, PRISMA2020 flow diagrams and metadat). Despite this, evidence synthesis (and meta-analysis) practitioners and methodologists who make use of R remain relatively disconnected from one another. Here, we report on a new virtual conference for evidence synthesis and meta-analysis in the R programming environment (ESMARConf) that aims to connect these communities. By designing an entirely free and online conference from scratch, we have been able to focus efforts on maximising accessibility and equity-making these core missions for our new community of practice. As a community of practice, ESMARConf builds on the success and groundwork of the broader R community and systematic review coordinating bodies (e.g. Cochrane), but fills an important niche. ESMARConf aims to maximise accessibility and equity of participants across regions, contexts, and social backgrounds, forging a level playing field in a digital, connected, and online future of evidence synthesis. We believe that everyone should have the same access to participation and involvement, and we believe ESMARConf provides a vital opportunity to push for equitability across disciplines, regions, and personal situations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neal R Haddaway
- Leibniz-Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), Eberswalder Str. 84, 15374, Müncheberg, Germany. .,Africa Centre for Evidence, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa.
| | - Alexandra Bannach-Brown
- Berlin Institute of Health at Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, QUEST Center, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Matthew J Grainger
- Norwegian Institute for Nature Research, Postboks 5685 Torgarden, 7485, Trondheim, Norway
| | - W Kyle Hamilton
- Psychological Sciences, University of California Merced, Merced, CA, USA.,Health Sciences Research Institute, University of California Merced, California, USA
| | - Emily A Hennessy
- Recovery Research Institute, Massachusetts General Hospital, 151 Merrimac Street, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ciara Keenan
- School of Psychology, Queen's University, Belfast, UK
| | - Chris C Pritchard
- Institute of Health and Allied Professions, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UK
| | - Jana Stojanova
- Department of Department of Clinical Pharmacology & Toxicology, St Vincent's Hospital Sydney, Darlinghurst, Australia
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7
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Hanratty J, Keenan C, O'Connor S, Miller S, Bradley D, Dempster M. PROTOCOL: Psychological and psychosocial determinants of COVID Health Related Behaviours (COHeRe): A suite of systematic reviews and an evidence and gap map. Campbell Syst Rev 2022; 18:e1219. [PMID: 35465105 PMCID: PMC8812813 DOI: 10.1002/cl2.1219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
This is the protocol for a Campbell systematic review. The objectives are as follows: we intend to identify and synthesise the existing evidence (published and unpublished) on malleable psychological and psychosocial factors that determine uptake and adherence to behaviours that can reduce the risk of infection or transmission of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Sarah Miller
- School of Social Sciences, Education and Social WorkQueen's UniversityBelfastUK
| | - Declan Bradley
- School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical SciencesQueens UniversityBelfastUK
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8
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Beecher C, Toomey E, Maeso B, Whiting C, Stewart DC, Worrall A, Elliott J, Smith M, Tierney T, Blackwood B, Maguire T, Kampman M, Ling B, Gravel C, Gill C, Healy P, Houghton C, Booth A, Garritty C, Thomas J, Tricco AC, Burke NN, Keenan C, Westmore M, Devane D. What are the most important unanswered research questions on rapid review methodology? A James Lind Alliance research methodology Priority Setting Partnership: the Priority III study protocol. HRB Open Res 2021; 4:80. [PMID: 34693206 PMCID: PMC8506222 DOI: 10.12688/hrbopenres.13321.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The value of rapid reviews in informing health care decisions is more evident since the onset of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. While systematic reviews can be completed rapidly, rapid reviews are usually a type of evidence synthesis in which components of the systematic review process may be simplified or omitted to produce information more efficiently within constraints of time, expertise, funding or any combination thereof. There is an absence of high-quality evidence underpinning some decisions about how we plan, do and share rapid reviews. We will conduct a modified James Lind Alliance Priority Setting Partnership to determine the top 10 unanswered research questions about how we plan, do and share rapid reviews in collaboration with patients, public, reviewers, researchers, clinicians, policymakers and funders. Methods: An international steering group consisting of key stakeholder perspectives (patients, the public, reviewers, researchers, clinicians, policymakers and funders) will facilitate broad reach, recruitment and participation across stakeholder groups. An initial online survey will identify stakeholders' perceptions of research uncertainties about how we plan, do and share rapid reviews. Responses will be categorised to generate a long list of questions. The list will be checked against systematic reviews published within the past three years to identify if the question is unanswered. A second online stakeholder survey will rank the long list in order of priority. Finally, a virtual consensus workshop of key stakeholders will agree on the top 10 unanswered questions. Discussion: Research prioritisation is an important means for minimising research waste and ensuring that research resources are targeted towards answering the most important questions. Identifying the top 10 rapid review methodology research priorities will help target research to improve how we plan, do and share rapid reviews and ultimately enhance the use of high-quality synthesised evidence to inform health care policy and practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Beecher
- Evidence Synthesis Ireland and Cochrane Ireland, Galway, Ireland.,School of Nursing and Midwifery, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Elaine Toomey
- School of Allied Health, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Beccy Maeso
- James Lind Alliance, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | | | - Derek C Stewart
- Honorary Professor, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Andrew Worrall
- Public co-author, Evidence Synthesis Ireland, Galway, Ireland.,Public co-author, Staffordshire, UK
| | - Jim Elliott
- Public co-author, Evidence Synthesis Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - Maureen Smith
- Public co-author, Cochrane Consumer Network Executive, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Theresa Tierney
- Patient Partner, HRB Primary Care Clinical Trials Network Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - Bronagh Blackwood
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute of Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | | | | | | | - Christopher Gravel
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | | | - Patricia Healy
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Catherine Houghton
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Andrew Booth
- School of Health And Related Research (ScHARR), University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | | | - James Thomas
- EPPI-Centre, UCL Social Research Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - Andrea C Tricco
- Knowledge Translation Program, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Epidemiology Division and Institute for Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Queen's Collaboration for Health Care Quality JBI Centre of Excellence, School of Nursing, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nikita N Burke
- Evidence Synthesis Ireland and Cochrane Ireland, Galway, Ireland.,School of Nursing and Midwifery, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Ciara Keenan
- Campbell UK & Ireland, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | | | - Declan Devane
- Evidence Synthesis Ireland and Cochrane Ireland, Galway, Ireland.,School of Nursing and Midwifery, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland.,Health Research Board- Trials Methodology Research Network, Galway, Ireland
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9
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Beecher C, Toomey E, Maeso B, Whiting C, Stewart DC, Worrall A, Elliott J, Smith M, Tierney T, Blackwood B, Maguire T, Kampman M, Ling B, Gravel C, Gill C, Healy P, Houghton C, Booth A, Garritty C, Thomas J, Tricco AC, Burke NN, Keenan C, Westmore M, Devane D. What are the most important unanswered research questions on rapid review methodology? A James Lind Alliance research methodology Priority Setting Partnership: the Priority III study protocol. HRB Open Res 2021; 4:80. [PMID: 34693206 DOI: 10.12688/hrbopenres.13321.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The value of rapid reviews in informing health care decisions is more evident since the onset of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. While systematic reviews can be completed rapidly, rapid reviews are usually a type of evidence synthesis in which components of the systematic review process may be simplified or omitted to produce information more efficiently within constraints of time, expertise, funding or any combination thereof. There is an absence of high-quality evidence underpinning some decisions about how we plan, do and share rapid reviews. We will conduct a modified James Lind Alliance Priority Setting Partnership to determine the top 10 unanswered research questions about how we plan, do and share rapid reviews in collaboration with patients, public, reviewers, researchers, clinicians, policymakers and funders. Methods: An international steering group consisting of key stakeholder perspectives (patients, the public, reviewers, researchers, clinicians, policymakers and funders) will facilitate broad reach, recruitment and participation across stakeholder groups. An initial online survey will identify stakeholders' perceptions of research uncertainties about how we plan, do and share rapid reviews. Responses will be categorised to generate a long list of questions. The list will be checked against systematic reviews published within the past three years to identify if the question is unanswered. A second online stakeholder survey will rank the long list in order of priority. Finally, a virtual consensus workshop of key stakeholders will agree on the top 10 unanswered questions. Discussion: Research prioritisation is an important means for minimising research waste and ensuring that research resources are targeted towards answering the most important questions. Identifying the top 10 rapid review methodology research priorities will help target research to improve how we plan, do and share rapid reviews and ultimately enhance the use of high-quality synthesised evidence to inform health care policy and practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Beecher
- Evidence Synthesis Ireland and Cochrane Ireland, Galway, Ireland.,School of Nursing and Midwifery, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Elaine Toomey
- School of Allied Health, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Beccy Maeso
- James Lind Alliance, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | | | - Derek C Stewart
- Honorary Professor, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Andrew Worrall
- Public co-author, Evidence Synthesis Ireland, Galway, Ireland.,Public co-author, Staffordshire, UK
| | - Jim Elliott
- Public co-author, Evidence Synthesis Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - Maureen Smith
- Public co-author, Cochrane Consumer Network Executive, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Theresa Tierney
- Patient Partner, HRB Primary Care Clinical Trials Network Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - Bronagh Blackwood
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute of Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | | | | | | | - Christopher Gravel
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | | | - Patricia Healy
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Catherine Houghton
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Andrew Booth
- School of Health And Related Research (ScHARR), University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | | | - James Thomas
- EPPI-Centre, UCL Social Research Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - Andrea C Tricco
- Knowledge Translation Program, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Epidemiology Division and Institute for Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Queen's Collaboration for Health Care Quality JBI Centre of Excellence, School of Nursing, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nikita N Burke
- Evidence Synthesis Ireland and Cochrane Ireland, Galway, Ireland.,School of Nursing and Midwifery, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Ciara Keenan
- Campbell UK & Ireland, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | | | - Declan Devane
- Evidence Synthesis Ireland and Cochrane Ireland, Galway, Ireland.,School of Nursing and Midwifery, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland.,Health Research Board- Trials Methodology Research Network, Galway, Ireland
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10
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Young S, Bethel A, Keenan C, Ghezzi‐Kopel K, Moreton E, Pickup D, Premji ZA, Rogers M, Viinholt BCA. PROTOCOL: Searching and reporting in Campbell Collaboration systematic reviews: An assessment of current methods. Campbell Syst Rev 2021; 17:e1208. [PMID: 36950345 PMCID: PMC8988751 DOI: 10.1002/cl2.1208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
This is the protocol for a Campbell review. The aim of this study is to comprehensively assess the quality and nature of the search methods and reporting across Campbell systematic reviews. The search methods used in systematic reviews provide the foundation for establishing the body of literature from which conclusions are drawn and recommendations made. Searches should be comprehensive and reporting of search methods should be transparent and reproducible. Campbell Collaboration systematic reviews strive to adhere to the best methodological guidance available for this type of searching. The current work aims to provide a comprehensive assessment of the quality of the search methods and reporting in Campbell Collaboration systematic reviews. Our specific objectives include the following: To examine how searches are currently conducted in Campbell systematic reviews. To identify any machine learning or automation methods used, or emerging and less commonly used approaches to web searching. To examine how search strategies, search methods and search reporting adhere to the Methodological Expectations of Campbell Collaboration Intervention Reviews (MECCIR) and PRISMA guidelines. The findings will be used to identify opportunities for advancing current practices in Campbell reviews through updated guidance, peer review processes and author training and support.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Young
- University LibrariesCarnegie Mellon UniversityPittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Alison Bethel
- NIHR CLAHRC South West Peninsula (PenCLAHRC)University of Exeter Medical SchoolExeterUK
| | - Ciara Keenan
- Campbell UK & Ireland, Centre for Evidence and Social InnovationQueen's UniversityBelfastUK
| | | | - Elizabeth Moreton
- University of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - David Pickup
- Centre for the Study of Learning and PerformanceConcordia UniversityMontréalQuébecCanada
| | - Zahra A. Premji
- Libraries and Cultural ResourcesUniversity of CalgaryCalgaryCanada
| | - Morwenna Rogers
- NIHR PenCLAHRC, Institute of Health ResearchUniversity of Exeter Medical SchoolExeterUK
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11
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Keenan C, Thurston A, Storey C, Urbanska K. PROTOCOL: Video-based interventions for promoting positive social behaviour in children with autism spectrum disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Campbell Syst Rev 2021; 17:e1171. [PMID: 37051174 PMCID: PMC8356270 DOI: 10.1002/cl2.1171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
This is the protocol for a Campbell review. The primary objective for this review is summarising the effectiveness of video-based interventions (VBI) in promoting prosocial behaviours in a population of young people with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). The research questions employed to fulfil this objective include: (1) Do VBI improve prosocial behaviours in children with ASD? (2) Which social skills and interactive behaviours are most successful? (3) Do VBI generally have successful rates of skill generalisation and response maintenance? (4) Do demographic characteristics (age, gender) of participants influence the effectiveness of VBI's?
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Affiliation(s)
- Ciara Keenan
- Campbell UK & Ireland, Centre for Evidence and Social InnovationQueen's UniversityBelfastUK
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12
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Keenan C, Miller S, Hanratty J, Pigott T, Hamilton J, Coughlan C, Mackie P, Fitzpatrick S, Cowman J. Accommodation-based interventions for individuals experiencing, or at risk of experiencing, homelessness. Campbell Syst Rev 2021; 17:e1165. [PMID: 37131929 PMCID: PMC8356295 DOI: 10.1002/cl2.1165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Background Globally, almost 1.6 billion individuals lack adequate housing. Many accommodation-based approaches have evolved across the globe to incorporate additional support and services beyond delivery of housing. Objectives This review examines the effectiveness of accommodation-based approaches on outcomes including housing stability, health, employment, crime, wellbeing, and cost for individuals experiencing or at risk of experiencing homelessness. Search Methods The systematic review is based on evidence already identified in two existing EGMs commissioned by the Centre for Homelessness Impact (CHI) and built by White et al. The maps were constructed using a comprehensive three stage search and mapping process. Stage one mapped included studies in an existing systematic review on homelessness, stage two was an extensive search of 17 academic databases, three EGM databases, and eight systematic review databases. Finally stage three included web searches for grey literature, scanning reference lists of included studies and consultation with experts to identify additional literature. We identified 223 unique studies across 551 articles from the effectiveness map on 12th April 2019. Selection Criteria We include research on all individuals currently experiencing, or at risk of experiencing homelessness irrespective of age or gender, in high-income countries. The Network Meta-Analysis (NMA) contains all study designs where a comparison group was used. This includes randomised controlled trials (RCTs), quasi-experimental designs, matched comparisons and other study designs that attempt to isolate the impact of the intervention on homelessness. The NMA primarily addresses how interventions can reduce homelessness and increase housing stability for those individuals experiencing, or at risk of experiencing, homelessness. Additional outcomes are examined and narratively described. These include: access to mainstream healthcare; crime and justice; employment and income; capabilities and wellbeing; and cost of intervention. These outcomes reflect the domains used in the EGM, with the addition of cost. Data Collection and Analysis Due to the diverse nature of the literature on accommodation-based approaches, the way in which the approaches are implemented in practice, and the disordered descriptions of the categories, the review team created a novel typology to allow meaningful categorisations for functional and useful comparison between the various intervention types. Once these eligible categories were identified, we undertook dual data extraction, where two authors completed data extraction and risk of bias (ROB) assessments independently for each study. NMA was conducted across outcomes related to housing stability and health.Qualitative data from process evaluations is included using a "Best Fit" Framework synthesis. The purpose of this synthesis is to complement the quantitative evidence and provide a better understanding of what factors influenced programme effectiveness. All included Qualitative data followed the initial framework provided by the five main analytical categories of factors of influence (reflected in the EGM), namely: contextual factors, policy makers/funders, programme administrators/managers/implementing agencies, staff/case workers and recipients of the programme. Main Results There was a total of 13,128 people included in the review, across 51 reports of 28 studies. Most of the included studies were carried out in the United States of America (25/28), with other locations including Canada and the UK. Sixteen studies were RCTs (57%) and 12 were nonrandomised (quasi-experimental) designs (43%). Assessment of methodological quality and potential for bias was conducted using the second version of the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool for Randomised controlled trials. Nonrandomised studies were coded using the ROBINS- I tool. Out of the 28 studies, three had sufficiently low ROB (11%), 11 (39%) had moderate ROB, and five (18%) presented serious problems with ROB, and nine (32%) demonstrated high, critical problems with their methodology. A NMA on housing stability outcomes demonstrates that interventions offering the highest levels of support alongside unconditional accommodation (High/Unconditional) were more effective in improving housing stability compared to basic support alongside unconditional housing (Basic/Unconditional) (ES=1.10, 95% confidence interval [CI] [0.39, 1.82]), and in comparison to a no-intervention control group (ES=0.62, 95% CI [0.19, 1.06]). A second NMA on health outcomes demonstrates that interventions categorised as offering Moderate/Conditional (ES= 0.36, 95% CI [0.03, 0.69]) and High/Unconditional (ES = 0.22, 95% CI [0.01, 0.43]) support were effective in improving health outcomes compared to no intervention. These effects were smaller than those observed for housing stability. The quality of the evidence was relatively low but varied across the 28 included studies. Depending on the context, finding accommodation for those who need it can be hindered by supply and affordability in the market. The social welfare approach in each jurisdiction can impact heavily on support available and can influence some of the prejudice and stigma surrounding homelessness. The evaluations emphasised the need for collaboration and a shared commitment between policymakers, funders and practitioners which creates community and buy in across sectors and agencies. However, co-ordinating this is difficult and requires sustainability to work. For those implementing programmes, it was important to invest time in developing a culture together to build trust and solid relationships. Additionally, identifying sufficient resources and appropriate referral routes allows for better implementation planning. Involving staff and case workers in creating processes helps drive enthusiasm and energy for the service. Time should be allocated for staff to develop key skills and communicate engage effectively with service users. Finally, staff need time to develop trust and relationships with service users; this goes hand in hand with providing information that is up to date and useful as well making themselves accessible in terms of location and time. Authors' Conclusions The network meta-analysis suggests that all types of accommodation which provided support are more effective than no intervention or Basic/Unconditional accommodation in terms of housing stability and health. The qualitative evidence synthesis raised a primary issue in relation to context: which was the lack of stable, affordable accommodation and the variability in the rental market, such that actually sourcing accommodation to provide for individuals who are homeless is extremely challenging. Collaboration between stakeholders and practitioners can be fruitful but difficult to coordinate across different agencies and organisations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ciara Keenan
- Campbell UK & Ireland, Centre for Evidence and Social InnovationQueen's UniversityBelfastUK
| | - Sarah Miller
- Campbell UK & Ireland, Centre for Evidence and Social InnovationQueen's UniversityBelfastUK
| | - Jennifer Hanratty
- Campbell UK & Ireland, Centre for Evidence and Social InnovationQueen's UniversityBelfastUK
| | - Terri Pigott
- School of Public HealthGeorgia State UniversityAtlantaGeorgiaUSA
| | - Jayne Hamilton
- Campbell UK & Ireland, Centre for Evidence and Social InnovationQueen's UniversityBelfastUK
| | - Christopher Coughlan
- Campbell UK & Ireland, Centre for Evidence and Social InnovationQueen's UniversityBelfastUK
| | | | | | - John Cowman
- Department of Social WorkHealth Service ExecutiveDublinIreland
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Gillies K, Kearney A, Keenan C, Treweek S, Hudson J, Brueton VC, Conway T, Hunter A, Murphy L, Carr PJ, Rait G, Manson P, Aceves-Martins M. Strategies to improve retention in randomised trials. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2021; 3:MR000032. [PMID: 33675536 PMCID: PMC8092429 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.mr000032.pub3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Poor retention of participants in randomised trials can lead to missing outcome data which can introduce bias and reduce study power, affecting the generalisability, validity and reliability of results. Many strategies are used to improve retention but few have been formally evaluated. OBJECTIVES To quantify the effect of strategies to improve retention of participants in randomised trials and to investigate if the effect varied by trial setting. SEARCH METHODS We searched the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), MEDLINE, Scopus, PsycINFO, CINAHL, Web of Science Core Collection (SCI-expanded, SSCI, CPSI-S, CPCI-SSH and ESCI) either directly with a specified search strategy or indirectly through the ORRCA database. We also searched the SWAT repository to identify ongoing or recently completed retention trials. We did our most recent searches in January 2020. SELECTION CRITERIA We included eligible randomised or quasi-randomised trials of evaluations of strategies to increase retention that were embedded in 'host' randomised trials from all disease areas and healthcare settings. We excluded studies aiming to increase treatment compliance. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS We extracted data on: the retention strategy being evaluated; location of study; host trial setting; method of randomisation; numbers and proportions in each intervention and comparator group. We used a risk difference (RD) and 95% confidence interval (CI) to estimate the effectiveness of the strategies to improve retention. We assessed heterogeneity between trials. We applied GRADE to determine the certainty of the evidence within each comparison. MAIN RESULTS We identified 70 eligible papers that reported data from 81 retention trials. We included 69 studies with more than 100,000 participants in the final meta-analyses, of which 67 studies evaluated interventions aimed at trial participants and two evaluated interventions aimed at trial staff involved in retention. All studies were in health care and most aimed to improve postal questionnaire response. Interventions were categorised into broad comparison groups: Data collection; Participants; Sites and site staff; Central study management; and Study design. These intervention groups consisted of 52 comparisons, none of which were supported by high-certainty evidence as determined by GRADE assessment. There were four comparisons presenting moderate-certainty evidence, three supporting retention (self-sampling kits, monetary reward together with reminder or prenotification and giving a pen at recruitment) and one reducing retention (inclusion of a diary with usual follow-up compared to usual follow-up alone). Of the remaining studies, 20 presented GRADE low-certainty evidence and 28 presented very low-certainty evidence. Our findings do provide a priority list for future replication studies, especially with regard to comparisons that currently rely on a single study. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS Most of the interventions we identified aimed to improve retention in the form of postal questionnaire response. There were few evaluations of ways to improve participants returning to trial sites for trial follow-up. None of the comparisons are supported by high-certainty evidence. Comparisons in the review where the evidence certainty could be improved with the addition of well-done studies should be the focus for future evaluations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie Gillies
- Health Services Research Unit, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Anna Kearney
- Dept. of Health Data Science, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Ciara Keenan
- Campbell UK & Ireland, Centre for Evidence and Social Innovation, Queen's University, Belfast, UK
| | - Shaun Treweek
- Health Services Research Unit, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Jemma Hudson
- Health Services Research Unit, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Valerie C Brueton
- Department of Adult Nursing, Florence Nightingale Faculty of Nursing Midwifery and Palliative Care, King's College, London, UK
| | - Thomas Conway
- Clinical Research Facility Galway, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Andrew Hunter
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Louise Murphy
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Peter J Carr
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Greta Rait
- Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Paul Manson
- Health Services Research Unit (HSRU), University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
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14
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Mahalingasivam V, Craik A, Tomlinson LA, Ge L, Hou L, Wang Q, Yang K, Fogarty DG, Keenan C. A Systematic Review of COVID-19 and Kidney Transplantation. Kidney Int Rep 2021; 6:24-45. [PMID: 33163708 PMCID: PMC7607258 DOI: 10.1016/j.ekir.2020.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Revised: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Kidney transplant recipients are at increased susceptibility to many viral infections leading to justifiable anxiety about the effects of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). METHODS We performed literature searches from multiple resources in April and August 2020 for relevant English and Chinese literature. Abstracts were screened, followed by full-text review with data extraction of reports that included at least 20 kidney transplant recipients with confirmed severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection and completed outcomes. RESULTS Twenty studies had sufficient data, which we have summarized. Studies were predominantly descriptive and came from France, Italy, Spain, Turkey, United Kingdom, and United States. Quality assessment demonstrated limitations in selection of comparison groups and controlling for additional factors. Mortality rates from published studies were variable. Based on early data early from Spain, 46% of patients who developed COVID-19 within 60 days of transplantation died. Acute kidney injury was common, and mycophenolate was discontinued in most patients. CONCLUSION Given the rapid global spread of COVID-19, reliable evidence is needed to inform public health policies. Hospitalized kidney transplant recipients with COVID-19 are at a high risk of death in early reports but interpretation of these data requires caution, as studies were susceptible to period effects. Reassuringly, the quality of observational data is improving. Detailed and comprehensive data collection through linked registries will be necessary to conduct accurate analyses of risk factors for adverse outcomes, not least given the risks of stopping imunosuppression. This report highlights the early mortality excess in transplant recipients but medium- and longer-term outcomes remain uncertain and merit careful investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alison Craik
- Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Laurie A. Tomlinson
- Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Long Ge
- Evidence Based Social Science Research Center, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, China
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, China
| | - Liangying Hou
- Evidence Based Social Science Research Center, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, China
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Evidence Based Social Science Research Center, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, China
| | - Kehu Yang
- Evidence Based Social Science Research Center, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, China
- Evidence Based Medicine Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, China
| | - Damian G. Fogarty
- Department of Nephrology, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, Belfast, UK
| | - Ciara Keenan
- Campbell UK & Ireland, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
- Cochrane Ireland, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
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15
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Miller S, Keenan C, Hanratty J, Hamilton J, Coughlan C, Mackie P, Fitzpatrick S, Maddock A. PROTOCOL: Improving access to health and social services for individuals experiencing, or at risk of experiencing, homelessness. Campbell Syst Rev 2020; 16:e1118. [PMID: 37016614 PMCID: PMC8356276 DOI: 10.1002/cl2.1118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Miller
- Centre for Evidence and Social Innovation, Campbell UK & IrelandQueen's University BelfastBelfastUK
| | - Ciara Keenan
- School of Geography and PlanningCardiff UniversityCardiffUK
| | - Jennifer Hanratty
- Institute for Social Policy, Housing, Environment and Real Estate (I‐SPHERE)Heriot‐Watt UniversityEdinburghUK
| | - Jayne Hamilton
- Centre for Evidence and Social Innovation, Campbell UK & IrelandQueen's University BelfastBelfastUK
| | - Christopher Coughlan
- Centre for Evidence and Social Innovation, Campbell UK & IrelandQueen's University BelfastBelfastUK
| | - Peter Mackie
- School of Geography and PlanningCardiff UniversityCardiffUK
| | - Suzanne Fitzpatrick
- Institute for Social Policy, Housing, Environment and Real Estate (I‐SPHERE)Heriot‐Watt UniversityEdinburghUK
| | - Alan Maddock
- School of Social Sciences, Education and Social WorkQueen's University BelfastBelfastUK
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16
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Haddaway NR, Akl EA, Page MJ, Welch VA, Keenan C, Lotfi T. Open synthesis and the coronavirus pandemic in 2020. J Clin Epidemiol 2020; 126:184-191. [PMID: 32621854 PMCID: PMC7328560 DOI: 10.1016/j.jclinepi.2020.06.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Revised: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
•Open Science principles are vital for ensuring reproducibility, trust, and legacy. •Evidence synthesis is a vital means of summarizing research for decision-making. •Open Synthesis is the application of Open Science principles to evidence synthesis. •Open approaches to planning, conducting, and reporting synthesis have many benefits. •We call on the evidence synthesis community to embrace Open Synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neal R Haddaway
- Stockholm Environment Institute, Linnégatan 87D, Stockholm, Sweden; African Centre for Evidence, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa; The SEI Centre of the Collaboration for Environmental Evidence, Stockholm, Sweden; Mercator Research Institute on Global Commons and Climate Change, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Elie A Akl
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon; Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (HE&I), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; The Global Evidence Synthesis Initiative (GESI) Secretariat, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Matthew J Page
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Vivian A Welch
- Bruyere Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada; Campbell Collaboration, Oslo, Norway; School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa
| | - Ciara Keenan
- Campbell UK and Ireland, Belfast, UK; Centre for Evidence and Social Innovation, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Tamara Lotfi
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (HE&I), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; The Global Evidence Synthesis Initiative (GESI) Secretariat, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
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17
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Keenan C, Miller S, Hanratty J, Pigott TD, Mackie P, Cowman J, Coughlan C, Hamilton J, Fitzpatrick S. PROTOCOL: Accommodation-based interventions for individuals experiencing, or at risk of experiencing, homelessness. Campbell Syst Rev 2020; 16:e1103. [PMID: 37133280 PMCID: PMC8356315 DOI: 10.1002/cl2.1103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ciara Keenan
- Campbell UK and Ireland, Centre for Evidence and Social InnovationQueen's University BelfastBelfastUK
| | - Sarah Miller
- Campbell UK and Ireland, Centre for Evidence and Social InnovationQueen's University BelfastBelfastUK
| | - Jennifer Hanratty
- Campbell UK and Ireland, Centre for Evidence and Social InnovationQueen's University BelfastBelfastUK
| | - Therese D. Pigott
- College of Education and Human DevelopmentGeorgia State UniversityUSA
| | - Peter Mackie
- School of Geography and PlanningCardiff UniversityUK
| | - John Cowman
- Department of Social WorkHealth Service ExecutiveDublinIreland
| | - Christopher Coughlan
- Campbell UK and Ireland, Centre for Evidence and Social InnovationQueen's University BelfastBelfastUK
| | - Jayne Hamilton
- Campbell UK and Ireland, Centre for Evidence and Social InnovationQueen's University BelfastBelfastUK
| | - Suzanne Fitzpatrick
- Institute for Social Policy, Housing, Environment and Real Estate (I‐SPHERE)Heriott Watt UniversityUK
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18
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Hanratty J, Miller S, Keenan C, Cowman J, Hamilton J, Mackie P. PROTOCOL: Discharge programmes for individuals experiencing, or at risk of experiencing, homelessness: A systematic review. Campbell Syst Rev 2020; 16:e1109. [PMID: 37131911 PMCID: PMC8356318 DOI: 10.1002/cl2.1109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Hanratty
- Campbell UK and Ireland, Centre for Evidence and Social Innovation, Queen's University BelfastBelfastUK
| | - Sarah Miller
- Campbell UK and Ireland, Centre for Evidence and Social Innovation, Queen's University BelfastBelfastUK
| | - Ciara Keenan
- Campbell UK and Ireland, Centre for Evidence and Social Innovation, Queen's University BelfastBelfastUK
| | - John Cowman
- Department of Social WorkTallaght Adult Mental Health ServicesDublinIreland
| | - Jayne Hamilton
- Campbell UK and Ireland, Centre for Evidence and Social Innovation, Queen's University BelfastBelfastUK
| | - Peter Mackie
- School of Geography and PlanningCardiff UniversityCardiffUK
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19
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Vicentini F, Griffin L, Keenan C, Cavin J, Nieves K, Hirota SA, Sharkey KA. A37 ENTERIC MICROBIOTA CONTRIBUTE TO BEHAVIORAL ALTERATIONS OBSERVED IN MICE WITH COLITIS. J Can Assoc Gastroenterol 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/jcag/gwz047.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
The enteric microbiota has been recognized as an essential regulator of both gut and brain physiology, a complex interaction generally termed the microbiota-gut-brain axis. Disturbances to gastrointestinal physiology lead to alterations in the composition of the enteric microbiota, whereas dysbiosis can also contribute to pathophysiology. Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are chronic, relapsing inflammatory conditions of the gastrointestinal tract, associated with microbial dysbiosis. Interestingly, IBD patients exhibit an increased incidence of mental illness (i.e. anxiety and depression), often termed “sickness behavior”, even during the remitting phase of their disease. Nevertheless, it is unclear if alterations in the enteric microbiota associated with IBD are responsible for the observed modification in brain function and behavior. Here, we hypothesized that sickness behavior is driven by alterations in microbial composition, which occur in the context of intestinal inflammation.
Aims
We sought to determine whether transfer of the microbiota from colitic mice, exhibiting sickness behaviour, into healthy counterparts would induce behavioral changes.
Methods
Male mice (C57Bl/6J; 8 weeks old) were used in all experiments. Colitis was induced by administration of 2.5% dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) in the drinking water for 5 days. Colonic inflammation was assessed by measuring fecal lipocalin-2 and the expression of pro-inflammatory mediators via qPCR. Cecal matter from donor mice (control or DSS treated) were collected for fecal microbiota transplant (FMT). FMT was performed via oral gavage in antibiotic-treated recipient mice. Gut bacteria were evaluated by 16S rRNA sequencing in cecal samples. Anxiety- and depression-like behavior were assessed by elevated plus maze and tail suspension test, respectively.
Results
DSS-treated mice exhibited clinical disease, reflected by body weight loss, increased fecal lipocalin-2 and elevated colonic pro-inflammatory cytokine transcripts. An increase in anxiety-like behavior was observed in mice with colitis, although no alterations in depression-like behavior were detected. Colitic mice exhibited a unique microbial community. Transferring cecal material from colitic mice into recipient, antibiotic-treated mice, recapitulated alterations in behavior seen in colitic donors, as shown by increased anxiety-like behavior and unexpectedly, increased depression-like behavior. These behavioral changes occurred in the absence of colonic or brain inflammation in the recipient mice, but were associated with changes in stress-related gene expression (i.e. Crh).
Conclusions
Colitis-associated sickness behavior can be transmitted to antibiotic-treated recipient mice via FMT, which occurs in the absence of overt intestinal or brain inflammation.
Funding Agencies
CIHRNational Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq-Brazil)
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Affiliation(s)
| | - L Griffin
- University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - C Keenan
- University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - J Cavin
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - K Nieves
- Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - S A Hirota
- Physiology & Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
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Hennessy EA, Johnson BT, Keenan C. Best Practice Guidelines and Essential Methodological Steps to Conduct Rigorous and Systematic Meta-Reviews. Appl Psychol Health Well Being 2019; 11:353-381. [PMID: 31290288 PMCID: PMC6819213 DOI: 10.1111/aphw.12169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A growing body of primary study and systematic review literature evaluates interventions and phenomena in applied and health psychology. Reviews of reviews (i.e., meta-reviews) systematically synthesise and utilise this vast and often overwhelming literature; yet, currently there are few practical guidelines for meta-review authors to follow. OBJECTIVE The aim of this article is to provide an overview of the best practice guidelines for all research synthesis and to detail additional specific considerations and methodological details for the best practice of conducting a rigorous meta-review. METHODS This article provides readers with six systematic and practical steps along with accompanying examples to address with rigor the unique challenges that arise when authors familiar with systematic review methods begin a meta-review: (a) detailing a clear scope, (b) identifying synthesis literature through strategic searches, (c) considering datedness of the literature, (d) addressing overlap among included reviews, (e) choosing and applying review quality tools, and (f) appropriate options for handling the synthesis and reporting of the vast amount of data collected in a meta-review. CONCLUSIONS We have curated best practice recommendations and practical tips for conducting a meta-review. We anticipate that assessments of meta-review quality will ultimately formalise best-method guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Alden Hennessy
- Institute for Collaboration on Health, Intervention, and Policy (InCHIP). Department of Psychological Sciences. University of Connecticut. Storrs, CT, USA, 06269-1248
| | - Blair T. Johnson
- Institute for Collaboration on Health, Intervention, and Policy (InCHIP). Department of Psychological Sciences. University of Connecticut. Storrs, CT, USA, 06269-1248
| | - Ciara Keenan
- Centre for Evidence and Social Innovation, Queen’s University Belfast. University Road, Belfast, BT7 1NN, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom
- Campbell UK and Ireland
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21
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Vicentini F, Paul S, Keenan C, Hirota SA, Sharkey KA. A58 ALTERATIONS IN INTESTINAL MOTILITY AND BARRIER FUNCTION AFTER ANTIBIOTIC TREATMENT IN MALE AND FEMALE MICE: THE ROLE OF ENTERIC GLIA. J Can Assoc Gastroenterol 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/jcag/gwz006.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - S Paul
- University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - C Keenan
- University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - S A Hirota
- Physiology & Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
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22
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Lavin M, Jenkins PV, Keenan C, White B, Betts DR, O'Donnell JS, O'Connell NM. X-linked moyamoya syndrome associated with severe haemophilia A. Haemophilia 2015; 22:e51-4. [PMID: 26422091 DOI: 10.1111/hae.12806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M Lavin
- Haemostasis Research Group, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Trinity Centre for Health Sciences, St James's Hospital, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.,National Centre for Hereditary Coagulation Disorders, St James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - P V Jenkins
- Haemostasis Research Group, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Trinity Centre for Health Sciences, St James's Hospital, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.,National Centre for Hereditary Coagulation Disorders, St James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - C Keenan
- National Centre for Hereditary Coagulation Disorders, St James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - B White
- Haemostasis Research Group, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Trinity Centre for Health Sciences, St James's Hospital, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.,National Centre for Hereditary Coagulation Disorders, St James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - D R Betts
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Our Lady's Children's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - J S O'Donnell
- Haemostasis Research Group, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Trinity Centre for Health Sciences, St James's Hospital, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.,National Centre for Hereditary Coagulation Disorders, St James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - N M O'Connell
- Haemostasis Research Group, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Trinity Centre for Health Sciences, St James's Hospital, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.,National Centre for Hereditary Coagulation Disorders, St James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
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23
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White R, Keenan C, Murin S, Zhou H. HIGH RISK FOR VENOUS THROMBOEMBOLISM IN DIABETICS WITH HYPEROSMOLAR STATE: COMPARISON WITH OTHER ACUTE MEDICAL ILLNESSES. J Thromb Haemost 2007. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1538-7836.2007.tb03101.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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24
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Lin F, Murphy R, White B, Kelly J, Feighery C, Doyle R, Pittock S, Moroney J, Smith O, Livingstone W, Keenan C, Jackson J. Circulating levels of beta2-glycoprotein I in thrombotic disorders and in inflammation. Lupus 2006; 15:87-93. [PMID: 16539279 DOI: 10.1191/0961203306lu2270oa] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Beta2-glycoprotein I (beta2GPI) is a plasma protein suspected to have a role in inhibition of thrombosis. This suspicion is reinforced by the observation that beta2GPI is the major target for autoantibodies in the antiphospholipid syndrome. However, little is known about its circulating levels in common thrombotic diseases or inflammation. We measured beta2GPI levels in 344 healthy controls, 58 normal pregnancies, 102 patients with non-haemorrhagic stroke, 121 patients with acute coronary syndrome and 200 patients with elevated C-reactive protein (CRP). In healthy individuals, we found a strong positive correlation between age and beta2GPI concentration (r = 0.274, P < 0.001) and that beta2GPI levels fall significantly after the eighth week of pregnancy (P = 0.002). We also found significantly reduced levels of beta2GPI in patients with stroke and in elderly patients with myocardial syndrome (P = 0.013 and 0.043). However, in neither group did beta2GPI levels change in the following six months, suggesting that the reduced levels were not a transient post-event phenomenon. In patients with inflammation, beta2GPI levels showed a significant negative correlation with CRP (r = -0.284, P < 0.001) and positively correlated with albumin and transferrin (r = 0.372 and 0.453, respectively with P < 0.001 for both). Furthermore, the largest reduction in beta2GPI levels occurred in patients with the highest CRP values (P < 0.001).
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Affiliation(s)
- F Lin
- Department of Biological Sciences, Dublin Institute of Technology, St James's Hospital, Dublin, Republic of Ireland
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25
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Abstract
Lipoprotein lipase deficiency (LPLD) represents a rare ( < 1:100000), life-threatening neonatal condition, and a challenge for dietary management. We describe a neonate who developed diabetes mellitus as a feature of LPLD, without evidence of pancreatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Raupp
- Department of Paediatrics, Tawam Hospital, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates.
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26
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Mynett-Johnson LA, Keenan C, Black IL, Livingstone WJ, Lawler M, Roche HM, White B, Gibney MJ, McKeon P, Smith OP. Thermolabile methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (C677T): frequency in the Irish population. Ir J Med Sci 2002; 171:37-9. [PMID: 11993593 DOI: 10.1007/bf03168940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The genetic variation which underlies the thermolability and low enzyme activity of 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR; C677T) has been extensively studied in many populations, including the Irish population. AIM To describe the examination of the C677T substitution in two new control samples drawn from the Irish population. METHODS A collection of 487 serum samples was obtained through the blood transfusion services of both the Republic of Ireland and Northern Ireland and a further 115 samples from volunteers. RESULTS In both samples, the frequency of the thermolabile/low enzyme activity allele (T) was higher than that previously reported for the Irish population. CONCLUSION This finding thus supports the need for a greater use of internal control/family-based association studies, as opposed to the classic case control study design, when assessing the contribution of the MTHFR T allele to disease processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- L A Mynett-Johnson
- Department of Genetics, Smurfit Institute, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
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27
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Cochran SD, Keenan C, Schober C, Mays VM. Estimates of alcohol use and clinical treatment needs among homosexually active men and women in the U.S. population. J Consult Clin Psychol 2001. [PMID: 11142540 DOI: 10.1037//0022-006x.68.6.1062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Concerns about dysfunctional alcohol use among lesbians and gay men are longstanding. The authors examined alcohol use patterns and treatment utilization among adults interviewed in the 1996 National Household Survey on Drug Abuse. Sexually active respondents were classified into 2 groups: those with at least 1 same-gender sexual partner (n = 194) in the year prior to interview and those with only opposite-gender sexual partners (n = 9,714). The authors compared these 2 groups separately by gender. For men, normative alcohol use patterns or morbidity did not differ significantly between the 2 groups. However, homosexually active women reported using alcohol more frequently and in greater amounts and experienced greater alcohol-related morbidity than exclusively heterosexually active women. Findings suggest higher risk for alcohol-related problems among lesbians as compared with other women, perhaps because of a more common pattern of moderate alcohol consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- S D Cochran
- Department of Epidemiology, University of California, School of Public Health, Los Angeles 90095-1772, USA.
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28
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Cochran SD, Keenan C, Schober C, Mays VM. Estimates of alcohol use and clinical treatment needs among homosexually active men and women in the U.S. population. J Consult Clin Psychol 2000; 68:1062-71. [PMID: 11142540 PMCID: PMC4197972 DOI: 10.1037/0022-006x.68.6.1062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Concerns about dysfunctional alcohol use among lesbians and gay men are longstanding. The authors examined alcohol use patterns and treatment utilization among adults interviewed in the 1996 National Household Survey on Drug Abuse. Sexually active respondents were classified into 2 groups: those with at least 1 same-gender sexual partner (n = 194) in the year prior to interview and those with only opposite-gender sexual partners (n = 9,714). The authors compared these 2 groups separately by gender. For men, normative alcohol use patterns or morbidity did not differ significantly between the 2 groups. However, homosexually active women reported using alcohol more frequently and in greater amounts and experienced greater alcohol-related morbidity than exclusively heterosexually active women. Findings suggest higher risk for alcohol-related problems among lesbians as compared with other women, perhaps because of a more common pattern of moderate alcohol consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- S D Cochran
- Department of Epidemiology, University of California, School of Public Health, Los Angeles 90095-1772, USA.
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29
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Livingstone WJ, Keenan C, White B, Mynett-Johnson L, Lawler M, Mayne P, Smith OP. Prevalence of the factor VR506Q mutation in two Irish control populations: use of a novel nested polymerase chain reaction approach. Br J Haematol 2000. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2141.2000.02371.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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30
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Livingstone WJ, Keenan C, White B, Mynett-Johnson L, Lawler M, Mayne P, Smith OP. Prevalence of the factor VR506Q mutation in two Irish control populations: use of a novel nested polymerase chain reaction approach. Br J Haematol 2000; 111:559-61. [PMID: 11122102 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2141.2000.02371.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The prevalence of factor V (FV) Leiden among normal populations has primarily been determined using blood donors. This control group is carefully selected and therefore may not accurately reflect the true prevalence within the population. We assessed the prevalence of FV Leiden within the Irish population using Guthrie card samples randomly selected from all newborns. We compared this result with the prevalence of FV Leiden within blood donors. A novel nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method for FV Leiden was developed for analysis of the Guthrie card samples. There was no significant difference between the allele frequency within the Guthrie card samples and blood donors (2.07% vs. 2.35%, P = 0.66)
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Affiliation(s)
- W J Livingstone
- The National Centre for Hereditary Coagulation Disorders, St James's Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland
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31
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Nyamathi A, Leake B, Keenan C, Gelberg L. Type of social support among homeless women: its impact on psychosocial resources, health and health behaviors, and use of health services. Nurs Res 2000; 49:318-26. [PMID: 11093696 DOI: 10.1097/00006199-200011000-00004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Information about whether specific types of support are associated with poor psychosocial profiles, health behaviors, and positive use of medical care is critical for identifying homeless women at highest risk for negative outcomes. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to examine the impact that various levels of support from substance users and nonusers have on homeless women's psychosocial profiles, health and health behaviors, and use of health services. METHODS This cross-sectional survey used a sample of 1,302 sheltered homeless women. Using controls for potential confounders, outcomes were compared across four mutually exclusive subgroups of women reporting support from substance users only (n = 58), substance nonusers only (n = 439), both users and nonusers (n = 136), and no one (n = 669). Structured and psychometrically sound instruments measured social support, substance use, self-esteem, coping, and psychological symptoms. Additional instruments measured sociodemographic characteristics, sexual risk behavior, health status, and use of health services. RESULTS As compared with those who have little or no support, women whose support included substance nonusers reported better psychosocial profiles and somewhat greater use of health services. Support from substance nonusers only was associated with better health behaviors and greater use of health services. Support from substance users only was essentially equivalent to not having support. CONCLUSION Modifying the social networks of homeless women appears to be associated with improved mental health outcomes, less risky health behaviors, and greater use of health services.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Nyamathi
- School of Nursing, University of California at Los Angeles, 90095-6918, USA.
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32
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Keenan C, Livingstone WJ, White B, Mynett-Johnson L, Cusack S, Lawler M, Smith OP. Prevalence of the prothrombin G20210A mutation in the Irish populations: use of a novel polymerase chain reaction approach. Blood Coagul Fibrinolysis 2000; 11:669-72. [PMID: 11085288 DOI: 10.1097/00001721-200010000-00012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The prothrombin G20210A polymorphism is associated with a threefold-increased risk of venous thrombosis. There is considerable variation in the reported prevalence of this polymorphism within normal populations, ranging from 0 to 6.5%. The prevalence within the Irish population has not been determined. A restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP)-based assay is commonly used for the detection of the prothrombin 20210A allele. This assay does not include a control restriction digest fragment and, consequently, failure of the enzyme activity or lack of addition of enzyme to the sample cannot be distinguished from wild-type prothrombin. We developed a RFLP-based assay, which incorporates an invariant digest site, resulting in the generation of a control digest fragment. Furthermore, we developed a nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method for the amplification and digestion of poor-quality or low-concentration DNA. In the Irish population studied, five of 385 (1.29%) were heterozygous and one patient was homozygous for the prothrombin 20210A polymorphism. This is the first reported data on an Irish or Celtic population and suggests that the allele frequency is similar to Anglo-Saxon populations. The nested PCR method successfully amplified and digested 100/100 (100%) of the archived samples; none of these samples could be analyzed by the standard single-round PCR method. In conclusion, nested PCR should be considered in the analysis of archived samples. Single-round PCR is appropriate for recently collected samples; however, an invariant control digest site should be incorporated in RFLP-based assays to validate the integrity of the digestion enzyme and limit the risk of false-negative results.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Keenan
- National Centre for Inherited Coagulation Disorders, St James's Hospital and Trinity College Dublin, Ireland
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33
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Abstract
The purpose of this study was to describe the associations between intimate relationships, characterized in terms of presence or absence of conflictive interaction with the partner, and the health and well-being of homeless women. A sample of 558 homeless women were administered structured interviews by trained nurses or outreach workers of the participants' ethnicity. Women answered questions about their general physical health, health-threatening behaviors (i.e., risky drug and sexual behaviors), health-promoting behaviors (i.e., TB and Pap testing), psychological well-being and symptomatology, self-esteem, coping, and life satisfaction. Women in nonconflictive relationships reported significantly greater psychological well-being, self-esteem, and life satisfaction and less hostility and noninjection drug use than women with conflictive relationships or those without an intimate partner. Women with conflictive relationships were significantly more anxious and depressed than those with nonconflictive relationships. Results suggest that, when possible, it is advisable to involve the intimate partner in programs to facilitate the emotional well-being of homeless women.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Nyamathi
- School of Nursing, University of California, Los Angeles 90095-1702, USA
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34
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Abstract
The Ramos-Burkitt lymphoma (BL) B cell line is driven into growth arrest and apoptosis by cross-linking surface immunoglobulin. We demonstrate that protein kinase C (PKC) activity is required for Ramos B cell proliferation and survival. A variety of PKC inhibitors trigger a significant decrease in [(3)H]thymidine incorporation with a concomitant increase in cell death. Antisense depletion of expression of the PKC-alpha isoform is sufficient to trigger cell death in the absence of any other signal, demonstrating a requirement for this isoform for survival of Ramos-BL B cells. Cross-linking surface immunoglobulin also leads to depletion of PKC-alpha levels, suggesting that this may be one mechanism by which this signals for cell death in Ramos-BL B cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Keenan
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QU, United Kingdom
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35
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Nyamathi A, Bayley L, Anderson N, Keenan C, Leake B. Perceived factors influencing the initiation of drug and alcohol use among homeless women and reported consequences of use. Women Health 1999; 29:99-114. [PMID: 10427651 DOI: 10.1300/j013v29n02_07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
A qualitative research approach was used to explore the factors that influence the initiation of drug and alcohol use among homeless women and the health and social consequences of drug and alcohol use. The sample consisted of 238 women; of whom 209 women reported drug and/or alcohol use in the past month and 29 women reported no history of drug or alcohol use. Findings of the study revealed homeless women who currently used drugs and alcohol, homeless women who currently used drugs only, and to a lesser extent current alcohol users only, had suffered traumatic childhood events and family dysfunction and had to cope with low self-esteem, emotional distress, and poor physical health. The initiation of drug and/or alcohol use was strongly affected by the social influence of other users. In comparison, homeless women who did not use drugs or alcohol reported a positive self-image, few traumatic events, and chose partners who did not use drugs or alcohol. Common among current drug and/or alcohol users were the reported social benefits of drug use. Quantitative analyses revealed homeless women who were current drug users were significantly more likely to have experienced childhood and adult victimization as compared with women in the other groups. Thus, the need for social interventions and positive social support early in the lives of these women are strongly implicated in these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Nyamathi
- University of California, Los Angeles 90095-1702, USA
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36
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Abstract
The purpose of this study was to compare differences in personal, cognitive, behavioral, psychological, and social variables among homeless women who were current drug or alcohol users, or both, past drug or alcohol users, or both, and those who never used drugs or alcohol. The sample consisted of 1,013 women residing in 73 Los Angeles homeless shelters. Depression, anxiety, hostility, emotion-focused coping, lower self-esteem, and less social support were more prevalent among homeless women who continued to use drugs and alcohol than among past users or those who never used. AIDS knowledge was higher among past users. The results contribute important knowledge regarding the pattern of cognitive, psychological, and social differences between users and nonusers.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Nyamathi
- School of Nursing, University of California, Los Angeles 90095-6918, USA
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37
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Keenan C, Pears C, Knox K. The role of protein kinase C in B cell apoptosis. Biochem Soc Trans 1998; 26:S336. [PMID: 10047850 DOI: 10.1042/bst026s336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C Keenan
- Department of Biochemistry, Oxford University
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38
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Keenan C, Hall A, Pears C, Knox K. Regulation of B cell apoptosis during the cell cycle. Biochem Soc Trans 1998; 26:S337. [PMID: 10047851 DOI: 10.1042/bst026s337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C Keenan
- Department of Biochemistry, Oxford University
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39
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Nyamathi A, Flaskerud J, Keenan C, Leake B. Effectiveness of a specialized vs. traditional AIDS education program attended by homeless and drug-addicted women alone or with supportive persons. AIDS Educ Prev 1998; 10:433-446. [PMID: 9799939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
This research examined the impact of including a supportive person on the outcomes of two culturally sensitive AIDS education programs, an education-only (traditional) program and a program combining education with self-esteem and coping enhancement (specialized). Research participants in this quasi-experimental study included 241 homeless women, who were randomly assigned by residence (drug treatment program or shelter) to one of four treatment groups. The outcomes measured at baseline, 6, and 12 months were risk behaviors, cognitive factors, and psychological functioning. Study results demonstrated significant improvements at both 6 and 12 months for the entire sample in all psychological, behavioral and cognitive outcome variables except active coping. Women in the specialized program improved more on AIDS knowledge and reduction in non-injection drug use than did those in the traditional program, but their active coping scores declined. Participation of a supportive person did not appear to have any effect on outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Nyamathi
- University of California at Los Angeles School of Nursing 90095-6918, USA
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40
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Keenan C. Prevention of neonatal group B streptococcal infection. Am Fam Physician 1998; 57:2713-20, 2725. [PMID: 9636335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Neonatal group B streptococcal infection is the primary cause of neonatal morbidity related to infection. It can often be prevented by identifying and treating pregnant women who carry group B streptococci or who are at highest risk of transmitting the bacteria to newborns. Increasing evidence and expert opinion support intrapartum treatment of women at relatively high risk of delivering an infant with group B streptococcal infection. Such women can be identified through the use of an anogenital culture for group B streptococci obtained at 35 to 37 weeks of gestation and by the presence of at least one of many risk factors associated with neonatal infection. These risk factors include preterm labor or rupture of the membranes at less than 37 weeks of gestation, previous delivery of an infant with invasive group B streptococcal disease, group B streptococcal bacteriuria during the present pregnancy, maternal intrapartum fever of 38 degrees C (100.4 degrees F) or higher and rupture of the fetal membranes for 18 hours or more. The recommended agent for intrapartum chemoprophylaxis is intravenous penicillin G; clindamycin is used in penicillin-allergic women. The use of risk markers alone to guide the administration of intrapartum antibiotics is much more cost-effective than other preventive strategies, but it exposes more women and infants to antibiotic-associated risks. Management of the infants of treated mothers is empiric and is currently guided by expert opinion.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Keenan
- Clinica Campesina Family Health Services, Lafayette, Colorado, USA
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41
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Abstract
The protein kinase C family of serine-threonine kinases are important signal transducers participating in many different agonist-induced signalling cascades. PKC is activated by increases in diacylglycerol produced in response to agonist-induced hydrolysis of inositol phospholipids. PKC is thought to reside in the cytosol in an inactive conformation and translocate to the plasma membrane upon cell activation where it modifies various cellular functions through phosphorylation of target substrates. Increasing evidence has illustrated that this family of enzymes is capable of translocating to other subcellular sites than the plasma membrane. A key to understanding the functions of the members of this family is identifying their physiological substrates and their relationship with those target substrates. The idea that PKC may be an important regulator of cytoskeletal function has been suggested by numerous studies. Activation of PKC in a variety of different cell types leads to changes in the cell cytoskeleton including lymphocyte surface receptor capping, smooth muscle contraction and actin rearrangement in T cells and neutrophils. Given the ubiquitous expression of PKC and the diversity of cytoskeletons in different cell types it is not surprising that PKC has been shown to be associated with and/or phosphorylate a wide range of cytoskeletal components. This review examines the interaction of PKC with the cytoskeleton and discusses some of the cytoskeletal functions ascribed to PKC to date.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Keenan
- Department of Biochemistry, Oxford University, UK
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42
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Becker M, Geiser K, Keenan C. Peer reviewed: massachusetts tries to cut toxic chemicals use. Environ Sci Technol 1997; 31:564A-7A. [PMID: 21663038 DOI: 10.1021/es972608m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
An evaluation of statewide effort reveals toxic chemical use and waste generation have declined.
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43
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Affiliation(s)
- C Keenan
- Department of Biochemistry, Oxford University
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Keenan C, Phillips P, Thio M, Pears C. Protein kinase C in dictyostelium discoideum. Biochem Soc Trans 1997; 25:S592. [PMID: 9450020 DOI: 10.1042/bst025s592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- C Keenan
- Department of Biochemistry, Oxford University
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Keenan C, Volkov Y, Kelleher D, Long A. Subcellular localization and translocation of protein kinase C isoforms zeta and epsilon in human peripheral blood lymphocytes. Int Immunol 1997; 9:1431-9. [PMID: 9352348 DOI: 10.1093/intimm/9.10.1431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The calcium-independent members of the protein kinase C (PKC) family may play a significant role in T cell function. We have characterized the subcellular localization and redistribution of calcium-independent kinase C activity and of two specific members of this family (zeta and epsilon) in response to activation of human peripheral blood lymphocytes with phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) or through the TCR-CD3 complex. Both PMA and OKT3, an antibody against the TCR-associated CD3 complex, induce an increase in membrane and cytoskeletal activity with a concomitant decrease in cytosolic activity. By Western blot analysis, PKC epsilon is present in resting cytosol and membrane fractions, and is detected in the membrane following activation with PMA and in both the membrane and cytoskeleton following OKT3 activation. By contrast, PKC zeta is progressively lost from the cytoskeleton following activation with anti-CD3. Immunocytochemistry reveals distinct redistribution patterns for these enzymes in response to activation through anti-CD3 and by PMA. These findings demonstrate that signaling through the CD3 complex induces significant changes in calcium-independent PKC activity and in the intracellular distribution of specific isoenzymes, and support a role for specific functions for individual isoenzymes in T cell activation. Lastly, changes in the cytoskeletal distribution of these isoenzymes suggest a potential role in the modulation of cell structure in response to activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Keenan
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Trinity Centre for Health Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, St James's Hospital, Ireland
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Abstract
Expression of certain mammalian protein kinase C (PKC) isoforms inhibits the proliferation of Schizosaccharomyces pombe (Goode et al., Mol. Biol. Cell 5 (1994) 907-920). We have taken advantage of this fact to determine the in vivo isoform preference of a number of PKC inhibitors, using a microtitre plate assay which allows rapid screening. This in vivo model has revealed previously unreported preferences; calphostin C is a more efficient inhibitor of the novel PKCS than chelerythrine chloride whereas the efficiencies are reversed for inhibition of the classical PKCgamma. We have also shown that the anti-leukaemic agent bryostatin 1 inhibits or activates in vivo in an isoform-specific manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Keenan
- Biochemistry Department, Oxford University, UK
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Affiliation(s)
- C Keenan
- Department of Biochemistry, Oxford University, UK.
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Keenan C, Long A, Volkov Y, Kelleher D. Protein kinase C isotypes theta, delta and eta in human lymphocytes: differential responses to signalling through the T-cell receptor and phorbol esters. Immunol Suppl 1997; 90:557-63. [PMID: 9176109 PMCID: PMC1456689 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2567.1997.00198.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The repertoire of novel and atypical protein kinase C (PKC) isotypes present in human T cells and their subcellular localization have not been fully characterized. We detected calcium-independent PKC activity in whole cell fractions from unstimulated peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL). Towards an understanding of the role of PKC isoforms in lymphocyte activation we have studied the expression of calcium-independent PKC isoforms theta, delta and eta in PBL. With isoformspecific antibodies we detected the presence of PKC theta and delta in whole cell fractions from unstimulated human PBL by Western blot analysis. In addition, immunocytochemical analysis confirmed the presence of the novel PKC isoform PKC eta in PBL. Using immunocytochemistry, PKC theta, delta and eta had distinct patterns of redistribution following activation by phorbol myristate acetate (PMA). However, signalling through the T-cell receptor (TCR) did not appear to induce such changes in isoenzyme redistribution. These findings indicate that activation of lymphocytes either through the TCR-CD3 complex or with PMA induces different signalling pathways with respect to calcium-independent isoenzymes. Signalling through receptors other than the CD3 complex may be involved in activation of these isotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Keenan
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland
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Abstract
We have examined the expression and responses to activation, of novel/atypical protein kinase C (PKC) isoforms epsilon, zeta, and delta in the T cell lymphoma cell line K-4. The effects of 1-h phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) and OKT3 activation of K-4 cells on PKC isoform distribution were examined. In addition, the effects of PMA-mediated down-regulation on the expression of PKC epsilon and zeta were determined using high concentrations of PMA over 24- and 48-h time periods in these cells. PKC zeta expression was not altered by incubation of K-4 cells with up to 200 ng/ml PMA over a 24- or 48-h period. PKC epsilon was down-regulated in a concentration-dependent manner by PMA after both 24- and 48-h of activation. Expression of PKC epsilon was not completely depressed, however, even at the highest concentration of the phorbol ester after 48-h incubation with PMA. The presence of PKC epsilon, zeta, and delta was confirmed by immunohistochemistry with distinct patterns of expression observed. PMA-induced PKC activation for a 1-h period resulted in a translocation of PKC delta from resting cytoplasmic/nuclear staining to a cytoplasmic aggregate. Following 1-h activation through the T cell receptor-associated complex CD3, PKC delta translocated from a peri-nuclear/cytoplasmic compartment to a putative cytoskeletal location in K-4 cells. This translocation was time dependent and redistributed to a cytoplasmic aggregate prior to the cytoskeleton. Similarly, following 1-h activation through the T cell receptor, PKC zeta redistributed directly to what is possibly a cytoskeletal cell compartment. The cytoplasmic distribution of PKC zeta was unaltered following activation with PMA over a 1-h time period. There was no apparent redistribution of PKC epsilon cytoplasmic staining pattern following a 1-h direct or indirect activation. These results underline the differences in individual PKC isoform distribution, and responses to different stimuli, thereby providing additional evidence for the use of discrete PKC isoform signaling pathways in T cells. Furthermore, this data underlines the differences in PMA-mediated PKC activation and activation through the T cell receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Keenan
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, St. James's Hospital, Ireland
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McHugh KJ, Weingarten HP, Keenan C, Wallace JL, Collins SM. On the suppression of food intake in experimental models of colitis in the rat. Am J Physiol 1993; 264:R871-6. [PMID: 8498596 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.1993.264.5.r871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
We measured daily food intake and body weight in rats before and after the induction of colitis by intrarectal administration of either 2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid in ethyl alcohol (TNBE) or 4% acetic acid (AA). Administration of TNBE or AA induced inflammation in the distal colon, which was reflected by a significant increase in myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity in the colon. On days 1, 2, and 3 after induction of colitis by TNBE, food intake fell by 80, 70, and 50%, respectively, compared with pretreatment values; food intake returned to normal by day 4. Body weight fell within 24 h after induction of colitis and remained 10% less than control for at least 5 days. Colitis induced by AA produced a similar pattern and degree of decreased food intake and weight loss. Treatment with the 5'-lipoxygenase inhibitor MK-886 significantly reduced concentrations of leukotriene B4 in the colon of TNBE-treated rats but did not affect food intake. In contrast, the cyclooxygenase inhibitor indomethacin decreased prostaglandin E2 concentrations in the colon but also attenuated the suppression of feeding by 52 and 64% on the first 2 days after induction of colitis by TNBE. These results identify a specific prostaglandin-mediated suppression of feeding in the rat with acute colitis induced by TNBE and illustrate the utility of this model for studying mechanisms underlying anorexia associated with inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract.
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Affiliation(s)
- K J McHugh
- Intestinal Disease Research Unit, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
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