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Barik SK, Behera MD, Adhikari D. Realizing certainty in an uncertain future climate: modeling suitable areas for conserving wild Citrus species under different change scenarios in India. Environ Monit Assess 2022; 194:864. [PMID: 36219360 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-022-10556-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Citrus is an important horticultural crop of India and is often prone to diseases, particularly under increased temperature scenarios. For developing disease-resistant Citrus varieties, conservation of wild relatives is extremely important. However, our knowledge on temperature tolerance of these wild relatives of Citrus to varied climate change scenarios is extremely limited. Therefore, we determined the climatic niche of six wild relatives of cultivated Citrus species (C. indica Tanaka, C. karna Rafin., C. latipes (Swingle) Tanaka, C. macroptera Montrouz., C. medica L., and C. sinensis (L.) Osbeck.) and identified the geographical areas in India that would remain climatically stable in future through ecological niche modeling (ENM). Raster data on 19 bioclimatic variables with a resolution of 0.04° were used to generate niche models for each Citrus species that delineated their potential distribution areas. Future species distribution predictions for the year 2050 were made using the climate change scenarios from the most appropriate climate models, i.e., IPSL-CM5A-LR and NIMR-HADGEM2-AO with four Representative Concentration Pathways (RCPs). Ensemble of current and future projections was used to identify climatically stable areas for each species. Precipitation-related bioclimatic variables were the key climatic determinants for the modeled distribution pattern. The consensus of current and future projections suggests that most areas with stable climates for the species in the future would be available in the northeastern states of Arunachal Pradesh, Meghalaya, Mizoram, and Tripura. Efforts for in situ conservation and establishment of germplasm banks and citrus orchards may be encouraged in these identified areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- S K Barik
- CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, U.P, Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow - 226001, India
| | - Mukunda Dev Behera
- Centre for Oceans, Rivers, Atmosphere and Land Sciences, School of Water Resources, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT), Kharagpur-721302, W.B, India
| | - D Adhikari
- Plant Ecology & Climate Change Science Division, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, U.P, Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow - 226001, India.
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2
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Adhikari D, Albataineh H, Androic D, Aniol KA, Armstrong DS, Averett T, Ayerbe Gayoso C, Barcus SK, Bellini V, Beminiwattha RS, Benesch JF, Bhatt H, Bhatta Pathak D, Bhetuwal D, Blaikie B, Boyd J, Campagna Q, Camsonne A, Cates GD, Chen Y, Clarke C, Cornejo JC, Covrig Dusa S, Dalton MM, Datta P, Deshpande A, Dutta D, Feldman C, Fuchey E, Gal C, Gaskell D, Gautam T, Gericke M, Ghosh C, Halilovic I, Hansen JO, Hassan O, Hauenstein F, Henry W, Horowitz CJ, Jantzi C, Jian S, Johnston S, Jones DC, Kakkar S, Katugampola S, Keppel C, King PM, King DE, Kumar KS, Kutz T, Lashley-Colthirst N, Leverick G, Liu H, Liyanage N, Mammei J, Mammei R, McCaughan M, McNulty D, Meekins D, Metts C, Michaels R, Mihovilovic M, Mondal MM, Napolitano J, Narayan A, Nikolaev D, Owen V, Palatchi C, Pan J, Pandey B, Park S, Paschke KD, Petrusky M, Pitt ML, Premathilake S, Quinn B, Radloff R, Rahman S, Rashad MNH, Rathnayake A, Reed BT, Reimer PE, Richards R, Riordan S, Roblin YR, Seeds S, Shahinyan A, Souder P, Thiel M, Tian Y, Urciuoli GM, Wertz EW, Wojtsekhowski B, Yale B, Ye T, Yoon A, Xiong W, Zec A, Zhang W, Zhang J, Zheng X. Precision Determination of the Neutral Weak Form Factor of ^{48}Ca. Phys Rev Lett 2022; 129:042501. [PMID: 35939025 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.129.042501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
We report a precise measurement of the parity-violating (PV) asymmetry A_{PV} in the elastic scattering of longitudinally polarized electrons from ^{48}Ca. We measure A_{PV}=2668±106(stat)±40(syst) parts per billion, leading to an extraction of the neutral weak form factor F_{W}(q=0.8733 fm^{-1})=0.1304±0.0052(stat)±0.0020(syst) and the charge minus the weak form factor F_{ch}-F_{W}=0.0277±0.0055. The resulting neutron skin thickness R_{n}-R_{p}=0.121±0.026(exp)±0.024(model) fm is relatively thin yet consistent with many model calculations. The combined CREX and PREX results will have implications for future energy density functional calculations and on the density dependence of the symmetry energy of nuclear matter.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Adhikari
- Idaho State University, Pocatello, Idaho 83209, USA
| | - H Albataineh
- Texas A & M University-Kingsville, Kingsville, Texas 78363, USA
| | - D Androic
- University of Zagreb, Faculty of Science, Zagreb, HR 10002, Croatia
| | - K A Aniol
- California State University, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90032, USA
| | | | - T Averett
- William and Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia 23185, USA
| | | | - S K Barcus
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - V Bellini
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | | | - J F Benesch
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - H Bhatt
- Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi 39762, USA
| | | | - D Bhetuwal
- Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi 39762, USA
| | - B Blaikie
- University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3T2N2, Canada
| | - J Boyd
- University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, USA
| | - Q Campagna
- William and Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia 23185, USA
| | - A Camsonne
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - G D Cates
- University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, USA
| | - Y Chen
- Louisiana Tech University, Ruston, Louisiana 71272, USA
| | - C Clarke
- Stony Brook, State University of New York, Stony Brook, New York 11794, USA
| | - J C Cornejo
- Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
| | - S Covrig Dusa
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - M M Dalton
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - P Datta
- University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, USA
| | - A Deshpande
- Stony Brook, State University of New York, Stony Brook, New York 11794, USA
- Center for Frontiers in Nuclear Science, Stony Brook, New York 11794, USA
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA
| | - D Dutta
- Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi 39762, USA
| | - C Feldman
- Stony Brook, State University of New York, Stony Brook, New York 11794, USA
- Institute for Advanced Computational Science, Stony Brook, New York 11794, USA
| | - E Fuchey
- University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, USA
| | - C Gal
- Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi 39762, USA
- University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, USA
- Stony Brook, State University of New York, Stony Brook, New York 11794, USA
- Center for Frontiers in Nuclear Science, Stony Brook, New York 11794, USA
| | - D Gaskell
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - T Gautam
- Hampton University, Hampton, Virginia 23668, USA
| | - M Gericke
- University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3T2N2, Canada
| | - C Ghosh
- Stony Brook, State University of New York, Stony Brook, New York 11794, USA
- University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, USA
| | - I Halilovic
- University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3T2N2, Canada
| | - J-O Hansen
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - O Hassan
- University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3T2N2, Canada
| | - F Hauenstein
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - W Henry
- Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA
| | - C J Horowitz
- Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA
| | - C Jantzi
- University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, USA
| | - S Jian
- University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, USA
| | - S Johnston
- University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, USA
| | - D C Jones
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
- Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA
| | - S Kakkar
- University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3T2N2, Canada
| | - S Katugampola
- University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, USA
| | - C Keppel
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - P M King
- Ohio University, Athens, Ohio 45701, USA
| | - D E King
- Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA
- Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, USA
| | - K S Kumar
- University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, USA
| | - T Kutz
- Stony Brook, State University of New York, Stony Brook, New York 11794, USA
| | | | - G Leverick
- University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3T2N2, Canada
| | - H Liu
- University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, USA
| | - N Liyanage
- University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, USA
| | - J Mammei
- University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3T2N2, Canada
| | - R Mammei
- University of Winnipeg, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3B2E9, Canada
| | - M McCaughan
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - D McNulty
- Idaho State University, Pocatello, Idaho 83209, USA
| | - D Meekins
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - C Metts
- William and Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia 23185, USA
| | - R Michaels
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - M Mihovilovic
- Jožef Stefan Institute, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, University of Ljubljana, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - M M Mondal
- Stony Brook, State University of New York, Stony Brook, New York 11794, USA
- Center for Frontiers in Nuclear Science, Stony Brook, New York 11794, USA
| | - J Napolitano
- Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA
| | - A Narayan
- Veer Kunwar Singh University, Ara, Bihar 802301, India
| | - D Nikolaev
- Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA
| | - V Owen
- William and Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia 23185, USA
| | - C Palatchi
- University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, USA
- Center for Frontiers in Nuclear Science, Stony Brook, New York 11794, USA
| | - J Pan
- University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3T2N2, Canada
| | - B Pandey
- Hampton University, Hampton, Virginia 23668, USA
| | - S Park
- Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi 39762, USA
- Stony Brook, State University of New York, Stony Brook, New York 11794, USA
| | - K D Paschke
- University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, USA
| | - M Petrusky
- Stony Brook, State University of New York, Stony Brook, New York 11794, USA
| | - M L Pitt
- Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, USA
| | - S Premathilake
- University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, USA
| | - B Quinn
- Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
| | - R Radloff
- Ohio University, Athens, Ohio 45701, USA
| | - S Rahman
- University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3T2N2, Canada
| | - M N H Rashad
- University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, USA
| | - A Rathnayake
- University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, USA
| | - B T Reed
- Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA
| | - P E Reimer
- Physics Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - R Richards
- Stony Brook, State University of New York, Stony Brook, New York 11794, USA
| | - S Riordan
- Physics Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - Y R Roblin
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - S Seeds
- University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, USA
| | - A Shahinyan
- A. I. Alikhanyan National Science Laboratory (Yerevan Physics Institute), Yerevan 0036, Armenia
| | - P Souder
- Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, USA
| | - M Thiel
- Institut für Kernphysik, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität, Mainz 55122, Germany
| | - Y Tian
- Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, USA
| | | | - E W Wertz
- William and Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia 23185, USA
| | - B Wojtsekhowski
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - B Yale
- William and Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia 23185, USA
| | - T Ye
- Stony Brook, State University of New York, Stony Brook, New York 11794, USA
| | - A Yoon
- Christopher Newport University, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - W Xiong
- Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, USA
- Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, China
| | - A Zec
- University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, USA
| | - W Zhang
- Stony Brook, State University of New York, Stony Brook, New York 11794, USA
| | - J Zhang
- Stony Brook, State University of New York, Stony Brook, New York 11794, USA
- Center for Frontiers in Nuclear Science, Stony Brook, New York 11794, USA
- Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, China
| | - X Zheng
- University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, USA
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3
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Adhikari D, Albataineh H, Androic D, Aniol K, Armstrong DS, Averett T, Ayerbe Gayoso C, Barcus S, Bellini V, Beminiwattha RS, Benesch JF, Bhatt H, Bhatta Pathak D, Bhetuwal D, Blaikie B, Boyd J, Campagna Q, Camsonne A, Cates GD, Chen Y, Clarke C, Cornejo JC, Covrig Dusa S, Dalton MM, Datta P, Deshpande A, Dutta D, Feldman C, Fuchey E, Gal C, Gaskell D, Gautam T, Gericke M, Ghosh C, Halilovic I, Hansen JO, Hauenstein F, Henry W, Horowitz CJ, Jantzi C, Jian S, Johnston S, Jones DC, Karki B, Kakkar S, Katugampola S, Keppel CE, King PM, King DE, Knauss M, Kumar KS, Kutz T, Lashley-Colthirst N, Leverick G, Liu H, Liyange N, Malace S, Mammei J, Mammei R, McCaughan M, McNulty D, Meekins D, Metts C, Michaels R, Mihovilovic M, Mondal MM, Napolitano J, Nikolaev D, Rashad MNH, Owen V, Palatchi C, Pan J, Pandey B, Park S, Paschke KD, Petrusky M, Pitt ML, Premathilake S, Puckett AJR, Quinn B, Radloff R, Rahman S, Rathnayake A, Reed BT, Reimer PE, Richards R, Riordan S, Roblin Y, Seeds S, Shahinyan A, Souder PA, Tang L, Thiel M, Tian Y, Urciuoli GM, Wertz EW, Wojtsekhowski B, Xiong W, Yale B, Ye T, Zec A, Zhang W, Zhang J, Zheng X. New Measurements of the Beam-Normal Single Spin Asymmetry in Elastic Electron Scattering over a Range of Spin-0 Nuclei. Phys Rev Lett 2022; 128:142501. [PMID: 35476486 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.128.142501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
We report precision determinations of the beam-normal single spin asymmetries (A_{n}) in the elastic scattering of 0.95 and 2.18 GeV electrons off ^{12}C, ^{40}Ca, ^{48}Ca, and ^{208}Pb at very forward angles where the most detailed theoretical calculations have been performed. The first measurements of A_{n} for ^{40}Ca and ^{48}Ca are found to be similar to that of ^{12}C, consistent with expectations and thus demonstrating the validity of theoretical calculations for nuclei with Z≤20. We also report A_{n} for ^{208}Pb at two new momentum transfers (Q^{2}) extending the previous measurement. Our new data confirm the surprising result previously reported, with all three data points showing significant disagreement with the results from the Z≤20 nuclei. These data confirm our basic understanding of the underlying dynamics that govern A_{n} for nuclei containing ≲50 nucleons, but point to the need for further investigation to understand the unusual A_{n} behavior discovered for scattering off ^{208}Pb.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Adhikari
- Idaho State University, Pocatello, Idaho 83209, USA
| | - H Albataineh
- Texas A & M University - Kingsville, Kingsville, Texas 78363, USA
| | - D Androic
- University of Zagreb, Faculty of Science, Zagreb HR 10002, Croatia
| | - K Aniol
- California State University, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90032, USA
| | | | - T Averett
- William & Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia 23185, USA
| | | | - S Barcus
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - V Bellini
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | | | - J F Benesch
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - H Bhatt
- Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi 39762, USA
| | | | - D Bhetuwal
- Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi 39762, USA
| | - B Blaikie
- University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3T2N2, Canada
| | - J Boyd
- University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, USA
| | - Q Campagna
- William & Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia 23185, USA
| | - A Camsonne
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - G D Cates
- University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, USA
| | - Y Chen
- Louisiana Tech University, Ruston, Louisiana 71272, USA
| | - C Clarke
- Stony Brook, State University of New York, Stony Brook, New York 11794, USA
| | - J C Cornejo
- Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
| | - S Covrig Dusa
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - M M Dalton
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - P Datta
- University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, USA
| | - A Deshpande
- Stony Brook, State University of New York, Stony Brook, New York 11794, USA
- Center for Frontiers in Nuclear Science, Stony Brook, New York 11794, USA
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA
| | - D Dutta
- Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi 39762, USA
| | - C Feldman
- Stony Brook, State University of New York, Stony Brook, New York 11794, USA
- Institute for Advanced Computational Science, Stony Brook, New York 11794, USA
| | - E Fuchey
- University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, USA
| | - C Gal
- Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi 39762, USA
- University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, USA
- Stony Brook, State University of New York, Stony Brook, New York 11794, USA
- Center for Frontiers in Nuclear Science, Stony Brook, New York 11794, USA
| | - D Gaskell
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - T Gautam
- Hampton University, Hampton, Virginia 23668, USA
| | - M Gericke
- University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3T2N2, Canada
| | - C Ghosh
- Stony Brook, State University of New York, Stony Brook, New York 11794, USA
- University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, USA
| | - I Halilovic
- University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3T2N2, Canada
| | - J-O Hansen
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - F Hauenstein
- Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia 23529, USA
| | - W Henry
- Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA
| | - C J Horowitz
- Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA
| | - C Jantzi
- University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, USA
| | - S Jian
- University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, USA
| | - S Johnston
- University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, USA
| | - D C Jones
- Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA
| | - B Karki
- Ohio University, Athens, Ohio 45701, USA
| | - S Kakkar
- University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3T2N2, Canada
| | - S Katugampola
- University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, USA
| | - C E Keppel
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - P M King
- Ohio University, Athens, Ohio 45701, USA
| | - D E King
- Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, USA
| | - M Knauss
- Duquesne University, 600 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15282, USA
| | - K S Kumar
- University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, USA
| | - T Kutz
- Stony Brook, State University of New York, Stony Brook, New York 11794, USA
| | | | - G Leverick
- University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3T2N2, Canada
| | - H Liu
- University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, USA
| | - N Liyange
- University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, USA
| | - S Malace
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - J Mammei
- University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3T2N2, Canada
| | - R Mammei
- University of Winnipeg, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3B2E9, Canada
| | - M McCaughan
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - D McNulty
- Idaho State University, Pocatello, Idaho 83209, USA
| | - D Meekins
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - C Metts
- William & Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia 23185, USA
| | - R Michaels
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - M Mihovilovic
- Jôzef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana 1000, Slovenia
- Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana 1000, Slovenia
| | - M M Mondal
- Stony Brook, State University of New York, Stony Brook, New York 11794, USA
- Center for Frontiers in Nuclear Science, Stony Brook, New York 11794, USA
| | - J Napolitano
- Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA
| | - D Nikolaev
- Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA
| | - M N H Rashad
- Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia 23529, USA
| | - V Owen
- William & Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia 23185, USA
| | - C Palatchi
- University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, USA
- Center for Frontiers in Nuclear Science, Stony Brook, New York 11794, USA
| | - J Pan
- University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3T2N2, Canada
| | - B Pandey
- Hampton University, Hampton, Virginia 23668, USA
| | - S Park
- Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi 39762, USA
- Stony Brook, State University of New York, Stony Brook, New York 11794, USA
| | - K D Paschke
- University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, USA
| | - M Petrusky
- Stony Brook, State University of New York, Stony Brook, New York 11794, USA
- University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - M L Pitt
- Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, USA
| | - S Premathilake
- University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, USA
| | - A J R Puckett
- University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, USA
| | - B Quinn
- Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
| | - R Radloff
- Ohio University, Athens, Ohio 45701, USA
| | - S Rahman
- University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3T2N2, Canada
| | - A Rathnayake
- University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, USA
| | - B T Reed
- Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA
| | - P E Reimer
- Physics Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - R Richards
- Stony Brook, State University of New York, Stony Brook, New York 11794, USA
| | - S Riordan
- Physics Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - Y Roblin
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - S Seeds
- University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, USA
| | - A Shahinyan
- A. I. Alikhanyan National Science Laboratory (Yerevan Physics Institute), Yerevan 0036, Armenia
| | - P A Souder
- Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, USA
| | - L Tang
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
- Hampton University, Hampton, Virginia 23668, USA
| | - M Thiel
- Institut für Kernphysik, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität, Mainz 55099, Germany
| | - Y Tian
- Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, USA
| | | | - E W Wertz
- William & Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia 23185, USA
| | - B Wojtsekhowski
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - W Xiong
- Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, USA
| | - B Yale
- William & Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia 23185, USA
| | - T Ye
- Stony Brook, State University of New York, Stony Brook, New York 11794, USA
| | - A Zec
- University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, USA
| | - W Zhang
- Stony Brook, State University of New York, Stony Brook, New York 11794, USA
| | - J Zhang
- Stony Brook, State University of New York, Stony Brook, New York 11794, USA
- Center for Frontiers in Nuclear Science, Stony Brook, New York 11794, USA
- Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, China
| | - X Zheng
- University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, USA
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Bhattarai A, Adhikari D, Paudyal N, Giri P, Khadka A, Devkota Y. Toothbrush, an Unusual Foreign Body. Kathmandu Univ Med J (KUMJ) 2021; 19:522-524. [PMID: 36259200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Accidental consumption of foreign body is a common presenting complain among patients especially in young age group. Majority of patients can be discharged safely after reassurance while a fraction of patient requires observation and further management. Here we report a case of a 35-year-old gentleman who presented to the out-patient department of our hospital in June 2021 for accidental ingestion of toothbrush. After detailed history and physical examination upper gastrointestinal endoscopy was planned for the patient. Failed endoscopic removal was considered the indication for surgery. A supraumbilical midline incision was used to remove the toothbrush. Following the surgical removal, he was managed conservatively and was discharged without significant complications. We describe this case in detail in addition to reviewing the pertinent literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Bhattarai
- Department of General and Laparoscopic Surgery, Nobel Medical College Teaching Hospital, Kanchanbari, Morang, Biratnagar
| | - D Adhikari
- Department of General and Laparoscopic Surgery, Nobel Medical College Teaching Hospital, Kanchanbari, Morang, Biratnagar
| | - N Paudyal
- Department of General and Laparoscopic Surgery, Nobel Medical College Teaching Hospital, Kanchanbari, Morang, Biratnagar
| | - P Giri
- Department of General and Laparoscopic Surgery, Nobel Medical College Teaching Hospital, Kanchanbari, Morang, Biratnagar
| | - A Khadka
- Department of General and Laparoscopic Surgery, Nobel Medical College Teaching Hospital, Kanchanbari, Morang, Biratnagar
| | - Y Devkota
- Department of General and Laparoscopic Surgery, Nobel Medical College Teaching Hospital, Kanchanbari, Morang, Biratnagar
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Adhikari D, Albataineh H, Androic D, Aniol K, Armstrong DS, Averett T, Ayerbe Gayoso C, Barcus S, Bellini V, Beminiwattha RS, Benesch JF, Bhatt H, Bhatta Pathak D, Bhetuwal D, Blaikie B, Campagna Q, Camsonne A, Cates GD, Chen Y, Clarke C, Cornejo JC, Covrig Dusa S, Datta P, Deshpande A, Dutta D, Feldman C, Fuchey E, Gal C, Gaskell D, Gautam T, Gericke M, Ghosh C, Halilovic I, Hansen JO, Hauenstein F, Henry W, Horowitz CJ, Jantzi C, Jian S, Johnston S, Jones DC, Karki B, Katugampola S, Keppel C, King PM, King DE, Knauss M, Kumar KS, Kutz T, Lashley-Colthirst N, Leverick G, Liu H, Liyange N, Malace S, Mammei R, Mammei J, McCaughan M, McNulty D, Meekins D, Metts C, Michaels R, Mondal MM, Napolitano J, Narayan A, Nikolaev D, Rashad MNH, Owen V, Palatchi C, Pan J, Pandey B, Park S, Paschke KD, Petrusky M, Pitt ML, Premathilake S, Puckett AJR, Quinn B, Radloff R, Rahman S, Rathnayake A, Reed BT, Reimer PE, Richards R, Riordan S, Roblin Y, Seeds S, Shahinyan A, Souder P, Tang L, Thiel M, Tian Y, Urciuoli GM, Wertz EW, Wojtsekhowski B, Yale B, Ye T, Yoon A, Zec A, Zhang W, Zhang J, Zheng X. Accurate Determination of the Neutron Skin Thickness of ^{208}Pb through Parity-Violation in Electron Scattering. Phys Rev Lett 2021; 126:172502. [PMID: 33988387 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.126.172502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We report a precision measurement of the parity-violating asymmetry A_{PV} in the elastic scattering of longitudinally polarized electrons from ^{208}Pb. We measure A_{PV}=550±16(stat)±8(syst) parts per billion, leading to an extraction of the neutral weak form factor F_{W}(Q^{2}=0.00616 GeV^{2})=0.368±0.013. Combined with our previous measurement, the extracted neutron skin thickness is R_{n}-R_{p}=0.283±0.071 fm. The result also yields the first significant direct measurement of the interior weak density of ^{208}Pb: ρ_{W}^{0}=-0.0796±0.0036(exp)±0.0013(theo) fm^{-3} leading to the interior baryon density ρ_{b}^{0}=0.1480±0.0036(exp)±0.0013(theo) fm^{-3}. The measurement accurately constrains the density dependence of the symmetry energy of nuclear matter near saturation density, with implications for the size and composition of neutron stars.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Adhikari
- Idaho State University, Pocatello, ID 83209, USA
| | - H Albataineh
- Texas A & M University-Kingsville, Kingsville, TX 78363, USA
| | - D Androic
- University of Zagreb, Faculty of Science
| | - K Aniol
- California State University, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90032, USA
| | | | - T Averett
- William & Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia 23185, USA
| | | | - S Barcus
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - V Bellini
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | | | - J F Benesch
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - H Bhatt
- Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA
| | | | - D Bhetuwal
- Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA
| | - B Blaikie
- University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T2N2 Canada
| | - Q Campagna
- William & Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia 23185, USA
| | - A Camsonne
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - G D Cates
- University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA
| | - Y Chen
- Louisiana Tech University, Ruston, LA 71272 USA
| | - C Clarke
- Stony Brook, State University of New York, NY 11794, USA
| | - J C Cornejo
- Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
| | - S Covrig Dusa
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - P Datta
- University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - A Deshpande
- Stony Brook, State University of New York, NY 11794, USA
- Center for Frontiers in Nuclear Science, NY 11794, USA
| | - D Dutta
- Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA
| | - C Feldman
- Stony Brook, State University of New York, NY 11794, USA
| | - E Fuchey
- University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - C Gal
- University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA
- Stony Brook, State University of New York, NY 11794, USA
- Center for Frontiers in Nuclear Science, NY 11794, USA
| | - D Gaskell
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - T Gautam
- Hampton University, Hampton, Virginia 23668, USA
| | - M Gericke
- University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T2N2 Canada
| | - C Ghosh
- Stony Brook, State University of New York, NY 11794, USA
- University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, USA
| | - I Halilovic
- University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T2N2 Canada
| | - J-O Hansen
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - F Hauenstein
- Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia 23529, USA
| | - W Henry
- Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA
| | - C J Horowitz
- Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA
| | - C Jantzi
- University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA
| | - S Jian
- University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA
| | - S Johnston
- University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, USA
| | - D C Jones
- Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA
| | - B Karki
- Ohio University, Athens, Ohio 45701, USA
| | - S Katugampola
- University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA
| | - C Keppel
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - P M King
- Ohio University, Athens, Ohio 45701, USA
| | - D E King
- Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, USA
| | - M Knauss
- Duquesne University, 600 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15282, USA
| | - K S Kumar
- University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, USA
| | - T Kutz
- Stony Brook, State University of New York, NY 11794, USA
| | | | - G Leverick
- University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T2N2 Canada
| | - H Liu
- University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, USA
| | - N Liyange
- University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA
| | - S Malace
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - R Mammei
- University of Winnipeg, Winnipeg, MB R3B2E9 Canada
| | - J Mammei
- University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T2N2 Canada
| | - M McCaughan
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - D McNulty
- Idaho State University, Pocatello, ID 83209, USA
| | - D Meekins
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - C Metts
- William & Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia 23185, USA
| | - R Michaels
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - M M Mondal
- Stony Brook, State University of New York, NY 11794, USA
- Center for Frontiers in Nuclear Science, NY 11794, USA
| | | | | | - D Nikolaev
- Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA
| | - M N H Rashad
- Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia 23529, USA
| | - V Owen
- William & Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia 23185, USA
| | - C Palatchi
- University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA
- Center for Frontiers in Nuclear Science, NY 11794, USA
| | - J Pan
- University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T2N2 Canada
| | - B Pandey
- Hampton University, Hampton, Virginia 23668, USA
| | - S Park
- Stony Brook, State University of New York, NY 11794, USA
| | - K D Paschke
- University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA
| | - M Petrusky
- Stony Brook, State University of New York, NY 11794, USA
| | - M L Pitt
- Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, USA
| | | | | | - B Quinn
- Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
| | - R Radloff
- Ohio University, Athens, Ohio 45701, USA
| | - S Rahman
- University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T2N2 Canada
| | - A Rathnayake
- University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA
| | - B T Reed
- Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA
| | - P E Reimer
- Physics Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Il 60439
| | - R Richards
- Stony Brook, State University of New York, NY 11794, USA
| | - S Riordan
- Physics Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Il 60439
| | - Y Roblin
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - S Seeds
- University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - A Shahinyan
- A. I. Alikhanyan National Science Laboratory (Yerevan Physics Institute), Yerevan 0036, Armenia
| | - P Souder
- Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, USA
| | - L Tang
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
- Hampton University, Hampton, Virginia 23668, USA
| | - M Thiel
- Institut für Kernphysik, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität, Mainz 55122, Germany
| | - Y Tian
- Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, USA
| | | | - E W Wertz
- William & Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia 23185, USA
| | - B Wojtsekhowski
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - B Yale
- William & Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia 23185, USA
| | - T Ye
- Stony Brook, State University of New York, NY 11794, USA
| | - A Yoon
- Christopher Newport University, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - A Zec
- University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA
| | - W Zhang
- Stony Brook, State University of New York, NY 11794, USA
| | - J Zhang
- Stony Brook, State University of New York, NY 11794, USA
- Center for Frontiers in Nuclear Science, NY 11794, USA
- Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, China
| | - X Zheng
- University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA
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Yadav RP, Paudyal N, Bhattarai A, Adhikari D. Comparison of Two Entry Methods for Laparoscopic Port Entry. Kathmandu Univ Med J (KUMJ) 2021; 19:186-189. [PMID: 34819433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Background The first step in laparoscopic surgery is to establish the pneumoperitoneum for which many approaches have been introduced to minimize the complications. Although controversies exist regarding the most efficient technique, till now the best entry technique is still unsettled. Objective To compare the safety, operating time and outcome of Direct Trocar Insertion with a well-established and widely practised Open Access Technique. Method This is a prospective study at Nobel Medical College Teaching Hospital from November 2019 to February 2021. Patients were grouped into either of the two groups, Group 1 for Direct Trocar Insertion and Group 2 for Open Access Technique. They were later analysed for major and minor complications of the technique and a comparison of either method was done at the end of the study period. Result A total of 823 patients were enrolled in the study. Among the study population, 411 patients had Direct Trocar Insertion while 412 patients had Open Access Technique. The majority of the operation that was done during the study period was laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Patients in the Open Access Technique group experienced more complications compared to Direct Trocar Insertion group. Conclusion Despite the fear of adopting the Direct Trocar Insertion, this is a safe, better and quick technique for laparoscopic port entry. However, any surgeon practising laparoscopic surgery should be competent to adopt either technique to overcome failure in either process during port entry.
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Affiliation(s)
- R P Yadav
- Department of General Surgery, Nobel Medical College and Teaching Hospital, Kanchanbari-04, Biratnagar, Nepal
| | - N Paudyal
- Department of General Surgery, Nobel Medical College and Teaching Hospital, Kanchanbari-04, Biratnagar, Nepal
| | - A Bhattarai
- Department of General Surgery, Nobel Medical College and Teaching Hospital, Kanchanbari-04, Biratnagar, Nepal
| | - D Adhikari
- Department of General Surgery, Nobel Medical College and Teaching Hospital, Kanchanbari-04, Biratnagar, Nepal
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Gohivar RK, Yadav SK, Koirala RP, Adhikari D. Study of artifacts in thermodynamic and structural properties of Li-Mg alloy in liquid state using linear and exponential models. Heliyon 2021; 7:e06613. [PMID: 33869849 PMCID: PMC8035501 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e06613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2020] [Revised: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Temperature-dependent interaction parameters of Redlich-Kister (R–K) polynomials for Li–Mg alloy in liquid phase have been optimized using experimental data in the framework of linear and exponential models. These parameters have then been used to compute the thermodynamic properties (excess Gibbs free energy of mixing, enthalpy of mixing and activity) and structural property (concentration fluctuations in the long-wavelength limit) of the alloy at temperatures 1000 K, 1300 K, 1600 K, 1900 K, and 2200 K. The negative values of excess Gibbs free energy of mixing computed using linear T-dependent parameters increases with the rise in the temperature of the system beyond 1000 K while the same physical quantity computed using the exponential T-dependent interaction parameters decreases with the rise in temperatures and does not show any unusual trends up to 2200 K. Similar behavior has been found in the case of other thermodynamic and structural functions. The unusual behavior that appears in the thermodynamic and structural functions computed using linear T-dependent parameters can be eliminated if these functions are computed using exponential T-dependent parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- R K Gohivar
- Central Department of Physics, Tribhuvan University, Kritipur, Nepal.,Department of Physics, Mahendra Morang Adarsh Multiple Campus, Tribhuvan University, Biratnagar, Nepal
| | - S K Yadav
- Department of Physics, Mahendra Morang Adarsh Multiple Campus, Tribhuvan University, Biratnagar, Nepal
| | - R P Koirala
- Department of Physics, Mahendra Morang Adarsh Multiple Campus, Tribhuvan University, Biratnagar, Nepal
| | - D Adhikari
- Department of Physics, Mahendra Morang Adarsh Multiple Campus, Tribhuvan University, Biratnagar, Nepal
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Lyngdoh MK, Chettri A, Adhikari D, Barik SK. Metapopulation Modelling of Threatened Plants to Assess Conservation Status and Determine Minimum Viable Population Size. CURR SCI INDIA 2018. [DOI: 10.18520/cs/v114/i03/532-538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Barik SK, Tiwari ON, Adhikari D, Singh PP, Tiwary R, Barua S. Geographic Distribution Pattern of Threatened Plants of India and Steps Taken for their Conservation. CURR SCI INDIA 2018. [DOI: 10.18520/cs/v114/i03/470-503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Panda PC, Kumar S, Singh JP, Gajurel P, Kamila PK, Kashung S, Kulloli RN, Singh PP, Adhikari D, Barik SK. Improving Macropropagation and Seed Germination Techniques for Conservation of Threatened Species. CURR SCI INDIA 2018. [DOI: 10.18520/cs/v114/i03/562-566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Adhikari D, Reshi Z, Datta BK, Samant SS, Chettri A, Upadhaya K, Shah MA, Singh PP, Tiwary R, Majumdar K, Pradhan A, Thakur ML, Salam N, Zahoor Z, Mir SH, Kaloo ZA, Barik SK. Inventory and Characterization of New Populations through Ecological Niche Modelling Improve Threat Assessment. CURR SCI INDIA 2018. [DOI: 10.18520/cs/v114/i03/519-531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Barik SK, Chrungoo NK, Adhikari D. Preface. CURR SCI INDIA 2018. [DOI: 10.18520/cs/v114/i03/468-469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Karmarkar A, Adhikari D, Li C, Ottenbacher K, Kumar A, Kuo Y. SKILLED NURSING FACILITIES ADMISSIONS AND HOSPITAL READMISSIONS IN PATIENTS WITH HIP FRACTURES. Innov Aging 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/geroni/igx004.884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- A. Karmarkar
- University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, Texas
| | - D. Adhikari
- University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, Texas
| | - C. Li
- University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, Texas
| | - K.J. Ottenbacher
- University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, Texas
| | - A. Kumar
- University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, Texas
| | - Y. Kuo
- University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, Texas
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Morrison J, Colbourn T, Budhathoki B, Sen A, Adhikari D, Bamjan J, Pathak S, Basnet A, Trani JF, Costello A, Manandhar D, Groce N. Disabled women's attendance at community women's groups in rural Nepal. Health Promot Int 2017; 32:464-474. [PMID: 26519006 PMCID: PMC5455254 DOI: 10.1093/heapro/dav099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
There is strong evidence that participatory approaches to health and participatory women's groups hold great potential to improve the health of women and children in resource poor settings. It is important to consider if interventions are reaching the most marginalized, and therefore we examined disabled women's participation in women's groups and other community groups in rural Nepal. People with disabilities constitute 15% of the world's population and face high levels of poverty, stigma, social marginalization and unequal access to health resources, and therefore their access to women's groups is particularly important. We used a mixed methods approach to describe attendance in groups among disabled and non-disabled women, considering different types and severities of disability. We found no significant differences in the percentage of women that had ever attended at least one of our women's groups, between non-disabled and disabled women. This was true for women with all severities and types of disability, except physically disabled women who were slightly less likely to have attended. Barriers such as poverty, lack of family support, lack of self-confidence and attendance in many groups prevented women from attending groups. Our findings are particularly significant because disabled people's participation in broader community groups, not focused on disability, has been little studied. We conclude that women's groups are an important way to reach disabled women in resource poor communities. We recommend that disabled persons organizations help to increase awareness of disability issues among organizations running community groups to further increase their effectiveness in reaching disabled women.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Morrison
- Institute ofGlobal Health, University College London, 30 Guilford Street, London WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - T. Colbourn
- Institute ofGlobal Health, University College London, 30 Guilford Street, London WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - B. Budhathoki
- Mother Infant Research Activities (MIRA) Nepal, PO Box 921, Thapathali, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - A. Sen
- Mother Infant Research Activities (MIRA) Nepal, PO Box 921, Thapathali, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - D. Adhikari
- Mother Infant Research Activities (MIRA) Nepal, PO Box 921, Thapathali, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - J. Bamjan
- Mother Infant Research Activities (MIRA) Nepal, PO Box 921, Thapathali, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - S. Pathak
- Mother Infant Research Activities (MIRA) Nepal, PO Box 921, Thapathali, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - A. Basnet
- Mother Infant Research Activities (MIRA) Nepal, PO Box 921, Thapathali, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - J. F. Trani
- Leonard Cheshire Centre for Disability and Inclusive Development, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, 1-19 Torrington Place, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - A. Costello
- Institute ofGlobal Health, University College London, 30 Guilford Street, London WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - D. Manandhar
- Mother Infant Research Activities (MIRA) Nepal, PO Box 921, Thapathali, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - N. Groce
- Leonard Cheshire Centre for Disability and Inclusive Development, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, 1-19 Torrington Place, London WC1E 6BT, UK
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Manandhar SR, Manandhar DS, Adhikari D, Shrestha J, Rai C, Rana H, Paudel M. Analysis of Health Facility Based Perinatal Verbal Autopsy of Electoral Constituency 2 of Arghakhanchi District, Nepal. J Nepal Health Res Counc 2015; 13:73-77. [PMID: 26411717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Verbal autopsy is a method to diagnose possible cause of death by analyzing factors associated with death through detailed questioning. This study is a part of the operational research program in electoral constituency no. 2 (EC 2) of Arghakhanchi district by MIRA and HealthRight International. METHODS Two day essential newborn care training followed by one day perinatal verbal autopsy training and later one day refresher verbal autopsy training was given for health staff of EC 2 of Arghakhanchi district in two groups. Stillbirths of >22wks or > 500 gms and Early neonatal deaths (newborns died within7 days of life) were included in this study. The Nepal Government approved verbal autopsy forms were used for performing autopsies. Perinatal deaths were classified according to Wigglesworth's Classification. Causes of Perinatal deaths were analyzed. Data were analyzed in the form of frequencies and tabulation in SPSS 16 . RESULTS There were 41 cases of perinatal deaths (PND) were identified. Among them, 37 PNDs were from Arghakhanchi district hospital, 2 PNDs from Thada PHC, and one PND each from Subarnakhal and Pokharathok HPs. Among the 41 PNDs, 26 were stillbirths (SB) and 15 were early neonatal deaths (ENND). The perinatal mortality rate (PMR) of Arghakhanchi district hospital was 32.2 per 1,000 births and neonatal mortality rate (NMR) was 9.8 per 1,000 live births. Out of 26 stillbirths, 54% (14) were fresh SBs and 46% (12) were macerated stillbirths. The most common cause of stillbirth was obstetric complications (47%) where as birth asphyxia (53%) was the commonest cause of ENND. According to Wigglesworth's classification of perinatal deaths, Group IV (40%) was the commonest cause in the health facilities. CONCLUSIONS Obstetric complication was the commonest cause of stillbirth and birth asphyxia was the commonest cause of early neonatal death. This study highlighted the need for regular antenatal check-ups and proper intrapartum fetal monitoring with timely and appropriate intervention to reduce the incidence of stillbirths and intrauterine asphyxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- S R Manandhar
- Pediatrics Department, Kathmadu Medical College Teaching Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - D S Manandhar
- Mother and Infant Research Activities (MIRA), Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - D Adhikari
- Mother and Infant Research Activities (MIRA), Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - J Shrestha
- Mother and Infant Research Activities (MIRA), Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - C Rai
- HealthRight International, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - H Rana
- HealthRight International, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - M Paudel
- HealthRight International, Kathmandu, Nepal
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Shrestha JR, Manandhar DS, Manandhar SR, Adhikari D, Rai C, Rana H, Poudel M, Pradhan A. Maternal and Neonatal Health Knowledge, Service Quality and Utilization: Findings from a Community Based Quasi-experimental Trial in Arghakhanchi District of Nepal. J Nepal Health Res Counc 2015; 13:78-83. [PMID: 26411718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND As part of the Partnership for Maternal and Newborn Health Project (PMNH), HealthRight International collaborated with Mother and Infant Research Activities (MIRA) to conduct operations research in Arghakhanchi district of Nepal to explore the intervention impact of strengthening health facility, improving community facility linkages along with Community Based Newborn Care Program (CB-NCP) on Maternal Neonatal Care (MNC) service quality, utilization, knowledge and care seeking behavior. METHODS This was a quasi-experimental study. Siddahara, Pokharathok, Subarnakhal,Narpani Health Posts (HPs) and Thada Primary Health Care Center(PHCC)in Electoral Constituency-2 were selected as intervention sites and Arghatosh, ,Argha, Khana, Hansapur HPs and Balkot PHCC in Electoral Constituency-1 were chosen as controls. The intervention started in February 2011 and was evaluated in August 2013. To compare MNC knowledge and practice in the community, mothers of children aged 0-23 months were selected from the corresponding Village Development Committees(VDCs) by a two stage cluster sampling design during both baseline (July 2010) and endline (August, 2013) assessments. The difference in difference analysis was used to understand the intervention impact. RESULTS Local resource mobilization for MNC, knowledge about MNC and service utilization increased in intervention sites. Though there were improvements, many effects were not significant. CONCLUSIONS Extensive trainings followed by reviews and quality monitoring visits increased the knowledge, improved skills and fostered motivation of health facility workers for better MNC service delivery. MNC indicators showed an upsurge in numbers due to the synergistic effects of many interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- J R Shrestha
- Mother and Infant Research Activities (MIRA), Nepal
| | | | | | - D Adhikari
- Mother and Infant Research Activities (MIRA), Nepal
| | - C Rai
- Health Right International, Nepal
| | - H Rana
- Health Right International, Nepal
| | - M Poudel
- Health Right International, Nepal
| | - A Pradhan
- KIST Medical College, Lalitpur, Nepal
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Manandhar SR, Manandhar DS, Adhikari D, Shrestha JR, Rai C, Rana H, Paudel M. Analysis of Obstetric Near Miss Cases of Different Health Facilities of Electoral Constituency Two of Arghakhanchi District. Nepal j obstet gynaecol 2014. [DOI: 10.3126/njog.v9i2.11760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims: This study was done to identify and analyze obstetric near miss cases at health facilities of electoral constituency number 2 (EC 2) of Arghakhanchi district, Nepal. Methods: After receiving one day training on identifying obstetric near miss cases, health facility staff of EC 2 of Arghakhanchi district filled up WHO derived obstetric near miss forms for eight months duration. Causes of obstetric near miss cases were identified and analyzed in SPSS 16. Results: There were 31 obstetric near miss cases reported from different health facilities of EC 2 of Arghakhanchi. The commonest cause of obstetric near miss was Post-partum Hemorrhage (85%, n=26) followed by obstructed labor and ante partum hemorrhage (6%, n= 2) each. The leading cause of PPH was retained placenta/placental tissue in 55% cases (14) followed by atonic uterus (27%, n= 7). Two fifth of the mothers (39%, n=12) developed complication during labor. The most common complication developed after labor was hemorrhage. Conclusions: This study highlighted PPH as the most common serious obstetric problem in the health facilities and indicates the need for provision of blood transfusion at the health facility at least at Arghakhanchi. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njog.v9i2.11760
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Adhikari D, Bhattacharya C. Performance Analysis of Ultra Wideband Multiple Access Time Hopping – Pulse Shape Modulation in Presence of Timing Jitter. DEFENCE SCI J 2014. [DOI: 10.14429/dsj.64.5787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Dahal P, Rajbansi N, Adhikari D. Mixing properties of liquid Bi–Pb alloys. J Mol Liq 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2013.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Adhikari D, Acharya D, Shrestha P, Amatya R. Ciprofloxacin susceptibility of Salmonella enteric serovar Typhi and Paratyphi A from blood samples of suspected enteric fever patients. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.3126/ijim.v1i1.6938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: Enteric fever caused by Salmonella enterica serovars Typhi and Paratyphi A is the common clinical diagnosis among febrile patients presenting to hospital in Nepal. The aim of this study was to evaluate the ciprofloxacin (CIP) and other antibiotics susceptibility patterns of Salmonella enterica serovars Typhi and Paratyphi A from blood samples of suspected enteric fever patients visiting KIST Medical College, Kathmandu. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Antibiotic susceptibility test was performed by Kirby Bauer disc diffusion method as per CLSI guidelines whereas MIC determination of ciprofloxacin was performed by agar dilution method. RESULTS: Altogether 64 presumptive Salmonella spp. were isolated from 840 blood samples of suspected enteric fever patients, of which 41 were S. Typhi and 23 were S. Paratyphi A. All Salmonella spp. isolates were sensitive to ceftriaxone and ofloxacin whereas 4 isolates were resistant to ciprofloxacin. One isolates each of S. Typhi and S. Paratyphi A were multidrug resistant. Fifty five isolates of Salmonella spp. were resistant to nalidixic acid (NA) with higher rate in S. Paratyphi A (91.3%) compared to S. Typhi (82.9%). MIC determination of ciprofloxacin revealed that majority of the isolates were resistant to ciprofloxacin and 2 isolates were resistant with MIC value of 4 µg/ml and 8 µg/ml. Importantly, we found simultaneous presence of NA resistance and decreased susceptibility to CIP suggesting that resistance to NA is a reliable indicator of decreased CIP susceptibility. CONCLUSIONS: Disc diffusion test failed to detect the reduced susceptibility of ciprofloxacin. Hence the MIC determination of ciprofloxacin against Salmonella spp. isolates would be important. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijim.v1i1.6938Int J Infect Microbiol 2012;1(1):9-13
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Bhurtyal A, Poudyal AK, Maskey MK, Adhikari D, Sharma DR, Bhurtyal K. P1-397 Changes in utilisation of health services after removal of user fees: observations in rural Nepal. J Epidemiol Community Health 2011. [DOI: 10.1136/jech.2011.142976f.88] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Adhikari D, Singh B, Jha I, Singh B. Thermodynamic properties and microscopic structure of liquid Cd–Na alloys by estimating complex concentration in a regular associated solution. J Mol Liq 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2010.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Roka YB, Bista P, Sharma GR, Adhikari D, Kumar P. Frontal recurrence of medulloblastoma five years after excision and craniospinal irradiation. INDIAN J PATHOL MICR 2009; 52:383-5. [PMID: 19679968 DOI: 10.4103/0377-4929.55001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Medulloblastomas were originally classified under gliomas of the cerebellum until Bailey and Cushing in 1925 named these tumors as medulloblastoma. At present these tumors are classified under primitive neuroectodermal tumor. Surgical excision followed by craniospinal irradiation is the treatment of choice. A 13-year-old-girl operated for posterior fossa medulloblastoma 5 years ago presented with history of headache and vomiting on and off for 4 days in late August 2008. The MRI showed left frontal tumor which on excision was reported as medulloblastoma. Even after optimal treatment reports of recurrence abound in literature. The most common location is in the posterior fossa, followed by spinal, supratentorial, and uncommonly, systemic metastases. We conclude that medulloblastomas are highly aggressive tumor with high local recurrences if the initial excision is incomplete and that recurrence in the supratentorial area although uncommon is still a possibility. This mandates regular follow up of these children till adulthood to catch early recurrences and metastatic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y B Roka
- National Neurosurgical Referral Centre, National Academy of Medical Sciences, Bir Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal.
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Roka YB, Kumar P, Bista P, Sharma GR, Adhikari D, Khadka NK, Devkota UP. Role of repeat CT scan head in initially inoperable cases of traumatic head injury. Nepal Med Coll J 2008; 10:225-229. [PMID: 19558058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The CT scan has become popular in cases of head injury. In this study 71 cases (M:48; 68.0% and F:23; 32.0%) with traumatic head injury admitted and initially managed conservatively at National Neurosurgical Referral Centre, Bir hospital starting from May 2005 to April 2006. The most common cause of injury was road accidents (43 cases) with motorcycle and bus injuries as the leading causes. Nausea and vomiting were the most common symptom in 41 (57.0%) cases, followed by headache in 31 (43.0%). Contusions were the most common radiological findings in 84.0% followed by extradural haematoma in 8.0% and pneumocephalus in 7.0%. Out of these the most common location for contusion was frontal (16 cases), followed by parietal (12 cases) and then bilateral contusions. The mean volume was 12 ml, 9 ml and 9 ml for frontal, parietal and temporal contusions, respectively. Repeat scan showed increase in volume of contusion in 31 cases (44.0%), no change in 28 cases (40.0%) and decrease in 12 cases (16.0%). The increase was mainly due to edema in 20 cases (64.0%) and due to actual increase in contusion in only 11 cases (35.0%). Only 5 (7.0%) cases needed operative intervention. It is concluded that routine use of repeat scan in mild to moderate head injury has no role unless there is clinical deterioration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y B Roka
- National Neurosurgical Referral Centre, National Academy of Medical Sciences, Bir Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal.
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Khadka NK, Sharma GR, Roka YB, Kumar P, Bista P, Adhikari D, Devkota UP. Single burr hole drainage for chronic subdural haematoma. Nepal Med Coll J 2008; 10:254-257. [PMID: 19558065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Chronic subdural haematoma is a common neurosurgical condition and surprisingly surgical treatment ranges from twist drill craniostomy to more radical membranectomy. However, the outcome is generally favourable with appropriate therapy. This retrospective study is aimed at analyzing the result of single burr hole drainage of such haematoma under local anaesthesia over a period of fifteen years. There were a total of 365 patients ranging from 6 months to 89 years with the mean age of 60 years. Recurrence of haematoma was noted in 17 (4.6%) patients and majority of them (65.0%) were managed by aspiration through the previous burr hole. Favorable outcome was noted in 98.6% patients. Those with adverse outcome were in coma preoperatively. This study suggests that single burr hole drainage under local anaesthesia is sufficient in the majority of patients and outcome was favorable even in the elderly provided they presented before lapsing into coma.
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Affiliation(s)
- N K Khadka
- National Neurosurgical Referral Centre, National Academy of Medical Sciences, Bir Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal
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Roka YB, Kumar P, Bista P, Sharma GR, Adhikari D. Traumatic Posterior Fossa Extradural Haematoma. JNMA J Nepal Med Assoc 2008. [DOI: 10.31729/jnma.152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Posterior fossa extradural haematoma is known for the vague signs and symptoms and a notoriouscourse that varies from recovery to sudden death. The incidence of posterior fossa epidural hematomasamong intracranial epidural hematomas has been reported from 4% to 7%. Subsequently, PFEDHwith low GCS or the haematoma of more than 10ml were subjected to evacuation. Since the volumeof the posterior fossa is limited, patients deteriorate early with the development of obstructivehydrocephalus, which is visible in the CT scan in only thirty percent of cases.A retrospective study of 43 cases was done in this Institute from May 1999 to December 2005. Themales (98%) have a clear predominance over female patients (2%). Road traffic accidents accountedfor the majority of the cases (80%), fall for the rest (17%) and one case due to a bullhorn injury.Vomiting was the most common symptom accounting for 67% of cases followed by transient lossof consciousness in 48% and headache in 34%. On arrival to the hospital 67% presented with a GCSmore than 13, 28% with score of 9-12 and the rest 5% with GCS of less than 8. Out of the total 43 casesof PFEDH surgical evacuation was done in 33(76%) and conservative management in 10 cases (23%).A dichotomised Glasgow outcome score was used to measure the outcome. This was favorable in27 of the 33 cases operated (81%), and 7 out of the 10 conservatively managed group (70%). Overallfavorable outcome was found in 34 cases (79%) with overall mortality of the study being 7%.Key words: extradural, haematoma, posterior fossa, trauma
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Maharjan BR, Jha JC, Adhikari D, Risal S, Alurkar VM, Singh PP. Oxidative stress, antioxidant status and lipid profile in ischemic heart disease patients from western region of Nepal. Nepal Med Coll J 2008; 10:20-24. [PMID: 18700625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Disturbed lipid profile is one of the most important and potent risk factors in ischemic heart disease (IHD). In recent years, it has been demonstrated that raised oxidative stress promotes several undesirable pathways including the formation of oxidised LDL (O-LDL) and oxidized cholesterol which encourages cholesterol accumulation in arterial tissues. We, therefore, aimed to ascertain the redox balance by measuring oxidative stress (OS) and total antioxidant activity (TAA) along with lipid profile to determine their possible association with IHD. Our study group comprised of 28 confirmed cases of IHD. The inclusion criterion was history of chest pain, ischemic changes in the ECG and good left ventricular (LV) function. Patients with diabetes mellitus, poor LV function, previous infarct and valvular heart disease were excluded. Lipid profile, plasma thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), plasma total antioxidant activity (TAA) and urinary TBARS were estimated in these patients by standard procedures and the values were compared with 30 age, sex and socioeconomically matched normal healthy control subjects. Body mass index (BMI) and waist/hip ratio (W/H ratio) was also noted in both the groups. Lipid profile and OS (TBARS levels) were significantly raised in IHD patients. Though statistically not significant but TAA tended to be lower and urinary TBARS levels tended to be higher in patients. BMI, W/H ratio, smoking and alcohol did not show discernible association with lipid profile, OS or TAA. OS is significantly raised in majority of IHD patients. The non association of BMI, W/H ratio, smoking and alcohol with lipid profile, OS and TAA suggest that there are other risk factors which primarily contribute to the initiation and progression of IHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- B R Maharjan
- Department of Biochemistry, Kathmandu University of Medical Sciences, Chaukot, Kavre, Nepal.
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Maharjan BR, Jha JC, Adhikari D, Vishwanath P, Baxi J, Alurkar VM, Singh PP. A study of oxidative stress, antioxidant status and lipid profile in diabetic patient in the western region of Nepal. Kathmandu Univ Med J (KUMJ) 2008; 6:16-22. [PMID: 18604109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
AIMS AND OBJECTIVES Diabetes mellitus (DM) is often termed as a disease of premature aging. Several studies have indicated lopsided redox balance due to pro oxidant environment as one of the important etiological factors. Some recent researches also indicate a causal relationship with oxidative stress (OS). So far, no study has been undertaken on this aspect in Nepali populations. We, therefore, aimed this maiden study in Nepali population to examine redox balance by measuring OS and antioxidant status along with lipid profile in 37 patients of DM type- 2 and 30 matched normal subjects. METHODOLOGY Thirty seven patients of DM type-2 without any complications (mean age= 57.6+/- 10.6 years) and 30 normal subjects (mean age= 55.8 +/- 14.8 years) were included in this study. Body Mass Index (BMI) and Waist/Hip (W/H) ratio were measured. Fasting blood sample was collected for the analysis of total antioxidant activity (TAA), plasma and urinary thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and lipid profile by standard procedures in both the groups. The statistical analysis was done with SPSS 10 version. RESULTS Total cholesterol, triglyceride, VLDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, plasma and urinary TBARS were significantly raised whereas, plasma TAA was significantly reduced in DM type-2 patients as compared to controls. The comparison of old and fresh cases revealed that though TAA was lower and PTBARS and UTBARS were higher in patients but did not attain the level of significance. W/H ratio is significantly higher in patients compared to normal subjects. But, no significant correlation of BMI and W/H with lipid profile is observed in both control and patients. CONCLUSION Oxidative stress is raised in type 2 DM patients. This along with deranged lipid profile and decreased antioxidant status could be the risk factors in the development of complications associated with DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- B R Maharjan
- Department of Biochemistry, Kathmandu University of Medical Sciences, Kavre, Nepal.
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Jha JC, Maharjan BR, Adhikari D, Vishwanath P, Nagamma T, Azhari S, Singh PP. Cigarette smoke induced oxidative insult in local population of Pokhara. Kathmandu Univ Med J (KUMJ) 2007; 5:511-517. [PMID: 18604085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To assess the effect of cigarette smoking on lipid peroxidation induced oxidative stress, antioxidants, uric acid and blood sugar in normal subjects. METHODS The study included 61 normal subjects with regular smoking habit and 57 never-smokers normal subjects matched in respect to socio-economic status, age and BMI. Information regarding smoking habit and other personal details were collected by oral questionnaire. Total antioxidant activity (TAA), reduced glutathione (GSH), alpha-tocopherol (alpha-T), ascorbic acid (AA), uric acid (UA), plasma and urinary thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), fasting blood sugar (FBS) and urinary creatinine (Cr) were estimated by standard procedures in both the groups. Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP) procedure is used to estimate TAA which measures total dietary antioxidants. Statistical analysis was done with SPSS version 10. RESULTS The mean pack years smoked by smokers was 14.4 +/- 15.8. The plasma TBARS level in smokers and never-smokers was 2.6 +/- 0.8 and 2.5 +/- 0.6 micromol/L respectively. The respective figure for urinary TBARS level was 4.6 +/- 2.7 and 3.7 +/- 1.4 micromol/gmCr. Smokers did not show any significant difference from never-smokers with respect to GSH, alpha-T, AA, plasma TBARS and FBS. However, the smokers had significantly lower levels of TAA (p<0.05) and raised level of urinary TBARS (p<0.05) and uric acid (p<0.01) as compared to never-smokers. CONCLUSION Our study suggests that smoking induces mild lipid peroxidation but the body is able to compensate for it by removing its adducts. Importantly it also indicates enhanced oxidation of purines which are essential components of both DNA and RNA. Dietary antioxidants are consumed to scavenge free radicals (FR) and other reactive species (RS) in smoke. Female smokers are more prone to oxidative insult than male smokers. In summary RS present in smoke induce mild lipid peroxidation but are not the major contributors of redox imbalance in smoke induced toxicity in the selected subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- J C Jha
- Department of Biochemistry, Manipal College of Medical Sciences, Pokhara, Nepal.
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Risal S, Adhikari D, Alurkar VM, Singh PP. Oxidative stress and antioxidant status in cardiovascular diseases in population of western Nepal. Kathmandu Univ Med J (KUMJ) 2006; 4:271-274. [PMID: 18603918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To observe if there is any connectivity between oxidative stress and cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). MATERIALS AND METHODS Patients suffering from different cardiovascular diseases (hypertension, ischemic heart disease, rheumatic heart disease) attending Manipal Teaching Hospital, Pokhara and strictly matched controls were selected for this study. Oxidative stress (OS) was measured by plasma thiobarbituric acid reacting substances (TBARS) where as antioxidant status was measured by estimating vitamin E, vitamin C and total antioxidant activity (TAA) in plasma. RESULTS The mean level of TBARS, TAA, vitamin C and E were 2.20+0.43 nmol/ml, 547+98 mol/l, 0.88+0.15 mg/dl and 0.75+0.20 mg/dl respectively in patients. The respective values in controls were 1.86+0.43 nmol/ml, 859+139 mol/l, 0.94+0.15 mg/dl and 1.10+0.30 mg/dl. Although the OS seems to be raised in patients, is practically insufficient to oxidize biomolecules and induce CVDs. Despite vitamin C and E levels being well within normal limits, the TAA was significantly and considerably lower in patients. This is a highly interesting observation suggesting that dietary antioxidants other than these vitamins were preferentially consumed to control OS because procedure for TAA used in this study practically measures only total dietary antioxidants. CONCLUSION OS does not appear to be an etiological factor for the cardiovascular diseases; rather slightly raised OS in patients seems to be a consequence. Further the raised OS was not due to lower nutrient antioxidant (vit. C and vit. E) in the local population studied herein.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Risal
- Department of Biochemistry, Nepal Medical College, Attarkhel, Jorpati, Kathmandu, Nepal.
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Adhikari D, Baxi J, Nagamma T, Azhari S, Singh PP. Vitamin C status in cancer patients and healthy subjects from the local population of Pokhara. Kathmandu Univ Med J (KUMJ) 2006; 4:302-306. [PMID: 18603923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To assess vitamin C status by determining plasma ascorbic acid level in 55 cancer patients and 55 matched normal subjects serving as control. METHODS The proven cancer patients were selected from those attending Manipal Teaching Hospital, Pokhara. Matched controls were from the staff of Manipal Teaching Hospital or attendants of the patients. Plasma ascorbic acid was determined by the method of Natelson. Unpaired student 't' test was used for the statistical evaluation. Statistical analysis was done by SPSS version 9 software. RESULTS The mean level of vitamin C in normal subjects and patients was 1.03+/-0.26 mg/dl and 0.90+/-0.30 mg/dl respectively. None of the subjects in either group had deficient status (<0.2 mg/dl). Although its status was normal in both the groups but patients had lower level than normal subjects. Smokers and alcohol consumers had significantly lower level than non-smoker and non-alcoholics. CONCLUSION In the local population, vitamin C deficiency is not an etiologic factor in malignancy. Smoking and alcohol adversely affects the status of this vitamin.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Adhikari
- Department of Biochemistry, Manipal College of Medical Sciences, Deep Heights, Pokhara, Nepal.
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Sharma N, Koju R, Karmacharya B, Tamang MD, Makaju R, Nepali N, Shrestha P, Adhikari D. Typhoid fever in Dhulikhel hospital, Nepal. Kathmandu Univ Med J (KUMJ) 2004; 2:188-92. [PMID: 16400212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
One hundred and twelve cases of typhoid fever presenting in outpatient and emergency department of Dhulikhel Hospital in Nepal were studied. In this study, it was found that 71% typhoid fever cases were less than 30 years of age group with male to female ratio of 3:1. Fever over 5 days followed by headache and chills were major presenting symptoms. Widal test and blood culture for Salmonella typhi were positive in 59% and 49% cases respectively. Two third of our study population had total leucocyte count of normal range. The fever clearance time was significantly better with ofloxacin compared to ciprofloxacin (p < 0.05) and ceftriaxone compared to chloramphenicol (p < 0.05). The release from treatment was significantly shorter with ceftriaxone compared to ofloxacin, ciprofloxacin and chloramphenicol (p < 0.01). Ceftriaxone was found to be 100% sensitive to salmonella typhi. Amoxicillin was only 52.1% sensitive to Salmonella typhi. Early diagnosis and institution of appropriate antibiotic therapy is of paramount importance in the management of typhoid patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Sharma
- Kathmandu University Teaching Hospital, Dhulikhel.
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Takebe N, Zhao SC, Adhikari D, Mineishi S, Sadelain M, Hilton J, Colvin M, Banerjee D, Bertino JR. Generation of dual resistance to 4-hydroperoxycyclophosphamide and methotrexate by retroviral transfer of the human aldehyde dehydrogenase class 1 gene and a mutated dihydrofolate reductase gene. Mol Ther 2001; 3:88-96. [PMID: 11162315 DOI: 10.1006/mthe.2000.0236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The genetic transfer of drug resistance to hematopoietic cells is an attractive approach to overcoming myelosuppression caused by high-dose chemotherapy. Because cyclophosphamide (CTX) and methotrexate (MTX) are commonly used non-cross-resistant drugs, generation of dual drug resistance in hematopoietic cells that allows dose intensification may increase anti-tumor effects and circumvent the emergence of drug-resistant tumors. We constructed a retroviral vector containing both a human cytosolic ALDH-1 cDNA and a human doubly mutated DHFR cDNA (Phe22/Ser31; termed F/S in the description of constructs) to generate increased resistance to both CTX and MTX. Infection of NIH3T3 cells resulted in increased resistance to both 4-hydroperoxycyclophosphamide (4HC) (1.9 +/- 0.1-fold) and MTX (73 +/- 2.8-fold). Transduced human CD34(+) enriched hematopoietic progenitor cells were also resistant to both 4HC and MTX by CFU-GM readout. Lethally irradiated mice transplanted with SFG-ALDH-IRES-F/S or mock-transduced bone marrow cells were treated with high-dose pulse CTX or high-dose CTX/MTX. Animals receiving marrow not transduced with ALDH-1 or mutated DHFR cDNA died from CTX or CTX/MTX toxicity, whereas mice transduced with ALDH-1 and mutated DHFR cDNA-containing marrow were able to tolerate the same doses of CTX or CTX/MTX treatment posttransplant. These data taken together indicate that ALDH-1 overexpression and mutant DHFR increased both 4HC and MTX resistance in vitro and in the in vivo mouse model. This construct may be useful for protecting patients from high-dose CTX- and MTX-induced myelosuppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Takebe
- Department of Medicine, Program of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Sloan-Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue No. 78, New York, New York 10021, USA
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Adhikari D, Feroz F, Liefshitz A, Barakat RR, Bertino JR, Banerjee D. Pretreatment of endometrial carcinoma cell lines with butyrate results in upregulation of Bax and correlates with potentiation of radiation induced cell kill. In Vivo 2000; 14:603-9. [PMID: 11125544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endometrial carcinoma is the most common gynecologic malignancy. Surgery has been the standard therapy for stage I and II endometrial carcinoma and radiation therapy either before or after surgery has been used to improve local control especially for high grade lesions. We have used Sodium Butyrate (BA) in order to examine whether endometrial carcinoma cells can be rendered more sensitive to radiation therapy. METHODS Endometrial carcinoma cells in culture were pretreated with sodium butyrate and then irradiated. Clonogenic survival assay was used to determine percentage of surviving cells. Changes in Bax and Bcl-2 protein levels were determined by Western blot analyses. Effect of Bcl-2 overexpression on induction of Bax in response to butyrate pretreatment was studied in cells transfected with Bcl-2. RESULTS A 24 h pretreatment of SKUT2 and Hec-1A cells with BA has an additive effect with radiation. Analysis of pro and anti-apoptotic protein levels revealed that the 24 h pretreatment with BA resulted in increased expression of the proapoptotic protein Bax which correlated with potentiation of radiation induced cell kill. Treatment of cells over expressing Bcl-2 with BA did not show induction of Bax suggesting that higher levels of Bcl-2 can block butyrate induced increase in levels of Bax. CONCLUSIONS Use of BA at lower than toxic doses to upregulate the proapoptotic potential of cancer cells may be useful in an adjuvant or neoadjuvant setting but its success may depend upon the intrinsic Bcl-2 levels in the tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Adhikari
- Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics Program, Sloan Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, Memorial Hospital, Box 78, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10021, USA
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Takebe N, Nakahara S, Zhao SC, Adhikari D, Ural AU, Iwamoto M, Banerjee D, Bertino JR. Comparison of methotrexate resistance conferred by a mutated dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) cDNA in two different retroviral vectors. Cancer Gene Ther 2000; 7:910-9. [PMID: 10880023 DOI: 10.1038/sj.cgt.7700199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
We previously reported the protection of hematopoietic cells from methotrexate (MTX) toxicity using an N2-based double copy vector containing serine 31 (S31)-mutated dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) (DC/SV6S31). To examine whether the use of SFG-based dicistronic vectors will lead to improvement in gene transfer over the DC/SV6 vector, we compared the protection provided by MTX to NIH3T3 cells and hematopoietic progenitor cells infected with these retroviral constructs containing the S31 variant DHFR cDNA. In NIH3T3 cells, the 50% effective dose values of MTX conferred by the SFG vector were 8-fold higher than those obtained with the DC/SV6 vector. DHFR mRNA levels were 22-fold and 38-fold higher than that seen for the DC/SV6 vector according to Northern blot and real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis, respectively. However, DHFR protein expression and DHFR enzyme activity were only 1.5-fold and 2-fold higher in the SFG vector, respectively, indicating that the mRNA from the SFG vector is translated less efficiently than the mRNA generated from the DC/SV6 vector. Furthermore, the degree of MTX protection conferred by each vector in both mouse and human hematopoietic cells was the same. These results indicate that the in vitro transduction efficiency and transgene expression of human DHFR in hematopoietic progenitor cells is equally conferred by both vectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Takebe
- Program of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10021, USA
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Ural AU, Takebe N, Adhikari D, Ercikan-Abali E, Banerjee D, Barakat R, Bertino JR. Gene therapy for endometrial carcinoma with the herpes simplex thymidine kinase gene. Gynecol Oncol 2000; 76:305-10. [PMID: 10684701 DOI: 10.1006/gyno.1999.5707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
We investigated whether retrovirus-mediated transfer of the herpes simplex thymidine kinase gene into a human endometrial carcinoma (EC4) cell line can sensitize these cells to the prodrug ganciclovir (GCV) and thereby provide a therapeutic option for this cancer. A retrovirus encoding for the herpes simplex virus tip-1 (HSV) thymidine kinase (tk) gene was generated in which expression of tk is under control of the myeloproliferative sarcoma virus (MPSV) promoter/enhancer. We used human mutated dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) cDNA as a selectable marker. Expression of tk was confirmed by Northern blot analysis and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. We demonstrated that the combination of retrovirally mediated tk gene transfer and GCV treatment effectively inhibits proliferation and causes death of EC4 cells in vitro. A bystander killing effect was observed when 90% of uninfected tumor cells were mixed with only 10% of HSVtk-infected cells. We suggest that a gene therapy approach to endometrial carcinoma can be established using retroviral transfer of HSVtk to tumor cells and subsequent administration of GCV.
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Affiliation(s)
- A U Ural
- Department of Hematology, Gulhane Military Medical Academy, Etlik, Ankara, 06010, Turkey.
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Banerjee D, Schnieders B, Fu JZ, Adhikari D, Zhao SC, Bertino JR. Role of E2F-1 in chemosensitivity. Cancer Res 1998; 58:4292-6. [PMID: 9766655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
The E2F family of transcription factors, in partnership with DP proteins, is thought to regulate transcription of genes that encode protein products that are required for DNA synthesis, which include important cancer chemotherapeutic targets such as thymidylate synthase and dihydrofolate reductase. This study was conducted to investigate the effects of overexpression of human E2F-1 cDNA on chemosensitivity in a human fibrosarcoma cell line, HT-1080. The E2F-1-overexpressing HT-1080 cells had a shorter doubling time both in vitro and in vivo. Associated with an up-regulation of TS, E2F-1-transfected cells were more resistant to 5-fluorouracil than were untransfected cells. These E2F-1 transfectants, although resistant to fluoropyrimidines and serum deprivation, were more sensitive to etoposide, doxorubicin, and SN38 (the active metabolite of irinotecan) but not to Taxol.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Banerjee
- Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10021, USA
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Adhikari D. Deferiprone in iron overload. N Engl J Med 1995; 333:598. [PMID: 7677910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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Adhikari D, Roy TB, Biswas A, Chakraborty ML, Bhattacharya B, Maitra TK, Basu AK, Chandra S. Efficacy and safety of oral iron chelating agent deferiprone in beta-thalassemia and hemoglobin E-beta thalassemia. Indian Pediatr 1995; 32:855-61. [PMID: 8635827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To assess efficacy and safety of oral iron chelating agent deferiprone (DFP) in patients with beta thalassemia and hemoglobin E-beta thalassemia. DESIGN Non-randomized study. SETTING Hematology Out-Patient Department. SUBJECTS Forty-one patients of beta thalassemia and hemoglobin E-beta thalassemia. INTERVENTIONS DFP was given to 20 patients, 10 patients of beta thalassemia and 10 with hemoglobin E-beta thalassemia; the rest were taken as controls. RESULTS A significant fall in serum ferritin was observed in the study group along with rise in urinary iron excretion (p < 0.05). Adverse effects of DFP were nausea and vomiting (30%), significant arthropathy requiring stopping of the drug (30%), and reversible neutropenia in one patient. All these complications could be managed easily with medical supervision and no death or permanent disability was seen. CONCLUSIONS DFP is an effective and fairly well tolerated oral iron chelating agent. The side effects that occur can be tackled easily if monitored properly.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Adhikari
- Department of Hematology, Kothari Institute of Medical Science, Jadavpur University, Calcutta
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Adhikari D, De M, Paladhi PK, Chandra S, Bhattacharya DK. Prevalence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) markers and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in employees of a blood transfusion centre. J Indian Med Assoc 1991; 89:190-2. [PMID: 1940410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Blood bank staff, 8 out of 25 (32%) have been exposed to hepatitis B virus (HBV) and the prevalence of HBV markers in blood bank employees handling high risk subjects show hepatitis B surface antigen (n = 1), hepatitis B surface antibody (n = 7), hepatitis B core antibody (n = 6) and combined hepatitis B surface antibody and hepatitis B core antibody (n = 6) seropositivity but all are negative to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Serum alanine aminotransferase was raised in the employees than normal subjects and it is suggestive of sub-clinical hepatitis. The employees of blood bank should be trained for proper handling of test materials and must be periodically monitored for HBV and HIV. Immunisation for HBV is mandatory only for the employees of transfusion centre which handles high risk subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Adhikari
- Society for Research on Haematology and Blood Transfusion, Calcutta
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