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Fitzpatrick DF, Fleming RC, Bing B, Maggi DA, O'Malley RM. Isolation and characterization of endothelium-dependent vasorelaxing compounds from grape seeds. J Agric Food Chem 2000; 48:6384-6390. [PMID: 11312812 DOI: 10.1021/jf0009347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Previous work has shown that red wines, grape juices, and other grape products cause endothelium-dependent relaxation (EDR) of blood vessels in vitro by increasing nitric oxide production. In this paper we describe the isolation and characterization of some of the compounds responsible for EDR activity. Concord grape seeds were extracted with methanol and the compounds were separated by Toyopearl TSK HW-40S chromatography. Resulting fractions (primarily phenolic acids, catechins, and proanthocyanidins) were further separated semipreparatively by reversed-phase HPLC, and peaks were collected and bioassayed for EDR activity using the rat aorta preparation. EDR-active compounds were subsequently characterized by HPLC retention times and electrospray-ion-trap mass spectrometry. The compounds exhibiting the most EDR activity were proanthocyanidin trimers, tetramers, pentamers, and polymers and their gallates, as well as a dimer gallate (EC50 values in the range of 0.6-2.5 microg catechin equivalents/mL). These compounds should be useful for in vitro and in vivo studies, particularly as they relate to improvement of cardiovascular function.
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Affiliation(s)
- D F Fitzpatrick
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, MDC Box 9, and Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida 33612-4799, USA.
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Abstract
Pycnogenol (P) is purported to exhibit effects that could be beneficial in terms of prevention of chronic age-related diseases such as atherosclerosis. The most studied of these effects is its antioxidant/free radical-scavenging activity. In this study, we investigated the possibility that this supplement might produce vascular effects by stimulation of nitric oxide (NO) production by vascular endothelial cells. In the in vitro experiments, P (1-10 microg/ml) relaxed epinephrine (E)-, norepinephrine (NE)-, and phenylephrine (PE)-contracted intact rat aortic ring preparations in a concentration-dependent manner. However, when the endothelial lining of the aortic ring was removed, P had no effect, indicating an endothelium-dependent relaxing (EDR) effect. This EDR response was caused by enhanced NO levels, because the NO synthase (NOS) inhibitor N-methyl-L-arginine (NMA) reversed (or prevented) the relaxation, and this response, in turn, was reversed by addition of L-arginine, the normal substrate for NOS. Pycnogenol-induced EDR persisted after exposure of intact rings to high levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD), suggesting that the mechanism of EDR did not involve scavenging of superoxide anion. In addition to causing relaxation, preincubation of aortic rings with P (1-10 microg/ml) inhibited subsequent E- and NE-induced contractions in a concentration-dependent manner. Fractionation of P by Sephadex LH-20 chromatography resulted in three fractions, one of which (fraction 3, oligomeric procyanidins) exhibited potent EDR activity. These results indicate that P, in addition to its antioxidant activity, stimulates constitutive endothelial NOS (eNOS) activity to increase NO levels, which could counteract the vasoconstrictor effects of E and NE. Furthermore, additional protective effects could result from the well-established properties of NO to decrease platelet aggregation and adhesion, as well as to inhibit low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol oxidation, all of which could protect against atherogenesis and thrombus formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- D F Fitzpatrick
- Department of Pharmacology, University of South Florida, Tampa 33612, USA
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Abstract
In a previous study (Am J Physiol 1993;265: H774-8), we found that certain red wines and other grape products caused endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation. In the present study, aqueous extracts of a variety of vegetables, fruits, teas, nuts, herbs, and spices were tested for their endothelium-dependent relaxing ability in vitro. Rings of rat aorta, with or without an intact endothelium, were mounted in tissue baths, contracted with phenylephrine, and then exposed to diluted plant extracts. Many, but not all, extracts exhibited endothelium-dependent relaxations that were reversed by NG-monomethyl-L-arginine, a nitric oxide synthase inhibitor, which suggested involvement of nitric oxide, the endothelium-derived relaxing factor in the response. Furthermore, extracts that caused relaxation also increased tissue levels of cyclic GMP, the mediator of nitric oxide-induced vascular smooth-muscle relaxation. These results may lend further support to mounting evidence that plant foods contain compounds that, if absorbed intact and in sufficient quantities, could conceivably be beneficial in prevention of cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- D F Fitzpatrick
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of South Florida College of Medicine, Tampa, USA
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Farrar HC, Chande VT, Fitzpatrick DF, Shema SJ. Hyponatremia as the cause of seizures in infants: a retrospective analysis of incidence, severity, and clinical predictors. Ann Emerg Med 1995; 26:42-8. [PMID: 7793719 DOI: 10.1016/s0196-0644(95)70236-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES (1) To determine the incidence of hyponatremic seizures in infants, (2) to compare the severity and outcome of seizures in hyponatremic and normonatremic patients, and (3) to evaluate the utility of clinical predictors of hyponatremia. DESIGN Retrospective chart review of infants who presented to an urban pediatric emergency department from 1988 through 1993. PARTICIPANTS Patients who experienced seizures while in the ED. These patients were divided into hyponatremic and normonatremic groups. RESULTS Hyponatremia was the cause of seizures in 70% of 47 infants younger than 6 months who lacked other findings suggesting a cause. Median seizure duration was longer in hyponatremic patients (30 versus 17 minutes; P = .007), with a greater incidence of status epilepticus (73% versus 36%; P = .02) and fewer patients with seizures lasting less than 10 minutes (9% versus 36%; P = .04). Emergency intubation was performed more often in hyponatremic patients (12% versus 0%; P = .009). The median temperature was lower in hyponatremic infants than in normonatremic patients (35.5 degrees C versus 37.2 degrees C; P = .0001). Exact logistic-regression methods identified temperature of 36.5 degrees C or less as the best predictor of hyponatremic seizures, with an OR of 64 (95% CI, 8 to 1,026). CONCLUSION Hyponatremia should be strongly suspected in an infant less than 6 months old with seizures and a temperature of 36.5 degrees C or less.
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Affiliation(s)
- H C Farrar
- Section of Pediatric Emergency Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, USA
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5
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Paige SR, Hendricks SE, Fitzpatrick DF, Balogh S, Burke WJ. Amplitude/intensity functions of auditory event-related potentials predict responsiveness to bupropion in major depressive disorder. Psychopharmacol Bull 1995; 31:243-248. [PMID: 7491375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Patients diagnosed with major depressive disorder (MDD) and enrolled in an open-label safety surveillance study of a sustained release formulation of bupropion hydrochloride (100 to 300 mg/day) were evaluated with the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HAM-D) immediately before and 6 to 12 weeks after the initiation of drug treatment. Auditory event-related potentials (ERPs) recorded under a stimulus intensity modulation paradigm were also obtained at these times. Patients were classified as responders and nonresponders based on post-treatment HAM-D scores, with responders having HAM-D scores less than 10 and nonresponders having scores greater than 10. Consistent with our previous findings, responders exhibited significantly larger positive slope coefficients for P2 ERP component amplitudes as a function of auditory stimulus intensity obtained at baseline and were not affected by bupropion treatment. Thus, these results further support our previous finding that ERP amplitude/intensity functions measured under a stimulus intensity modulation paradigm provide information about the likelihood of a positive therapeutic response to antidepressant pharmacotherapy in patients with MDD and extends these results to bupropion, a pharmacologically atypical antidepressant agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- S R Paige
- Creighton-Nebraska Department of Psychiatry, Omaha, USA
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Pan X, Arauz E, Krzanowski JJ, Fitzpatrick DF, Polson JB. Synergistic interactions between selective pharmacological inhibitors of phosphodiesterase isozyme families PDE III and PDE IV to attenuate proliferation of rat vascular smooth muscle cells. Biochem Pharmacol 1994; 48:827-35. [PMID: 7521642 DOI: 10.1016/0006-2952(94)90062-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The interaction between selective inhibitors of 3',5'-cyclic-nucleotide phosphodiesterase (PDE) III (cyclic GMP inhibited phosphodiesterase) and selective inhibitors of PDE IV (Ro 20-1724 inhibited phosphodiesterase) to attenuate fetal bovine serum-stimulated incorporation of [3H]thymidine into DNA and cell proliferation was studied in a line (A10) of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC). The nonselective PDE inhibitors 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine (IBMX) and papaverine attenuated DNA synthesis with EC50 values (16 and 18 microM, respectively) in the same range as their published IC50 values (2-50 and 2-25 microM, respectively) as PDE inhibitors. The selective PDE III inhibitors CI-930 and cilostamide used alone attenuated DNA synthesis with EC50 values (> 300 and 5.3 microM, respectively) that were much higher than published IC50 values (0.15-0.46 and 0.005-0.064 microM, respectively) for inhibition of PDE III. In the presence of the PDE IV inhibitor rolipram (10 microM), their EC50 values were shifted (0.66 and 0.16 microM, respectively) much closer to their respective IC50 values. When the selective PDE IV inhibitors rolipram and Ro 20-1724 were used alone, they attenuated DNA synthesis with EC50 values (111 and > 100 microM, respectively) much higher than their IC50 values (0.6-2.6 and 2-13 microM, respectively) as inhibitors of PDE IV, but 10 microM CI-930 (PDE III inhibitor) shifted their EC50 values (0.56 and 1.5 microM, respectively) much closer to their IC50 values. In experiments that assessed VSMC proliferation using the MTT [3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide] method, IBMX and papaverine attenuated proliferation with EC50 values (27 and 58 microM, respectively) close to their IC50 values. CI-930 and cilostamide used alone did not cause 50% attenuation of proliferation at the highest concentrations tested (100 and 10 microM, respectively). In the presence of 5 microM rolipram, however, their effects were enhanced greatly with EC50 values (0.86 and 0.23 microM, respectively) that were close to their IC50 values as PDE III inhibitors. Similarly, rolipram and Ro 20-1724 attenuated VSMC proliferation with EC50 values close to their IC50 values in the presence (2.1 and 4.6 microM, respectively) but not in the absence (> 100 and > 10 microM, respectively) of 2 microM CI-930. The interactions between PDE III inhibitors and PDE IV inhibitors to attenuate DNA synthesis and VSMC proliferation were synergistic as determined by the combination index. The data demonstrate that the synergistic interactions that attenuate incorporation of [3H]thymidine into DNA are accompanied by synergistic attenuations of VSMC division.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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Affiliation(s)
- X Pan
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa 33612-4799
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Abstract
We measured event-related potential (ERP) component amplitudes to four intensities of randomly presented tones. Patients diagnosed with major depressive disorder were tested prior to and following a clinical trial of antidepressant medication. Slope of P2 amplitude as a function of stimulus intensity was calculated for each subject and condition. Subjects were divided into two groups (responders and nonresponders) based on their Hamilton Rating Scale for depression scores following treatment. Responders had significantly larger P2 slopes prior to treatment than did nonresponders. P2 slopes did not differ significantly between responders and nonresponders following antidepressant treatment. These data support the conclusion that P2 amplitude/intensity slope may be a predictor of response to treatment with antidepressant medication.
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Affiliation(s)
- S R Paige
- Creighton-Nebraska Department of Psychiatry, University of Nebraska at Omaha
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Abstract
Current interest in the presumed benefits of wine in protecting against coronary heart disease prompted us to investigate possible effects of various grape products on vascular function in vitro. Certain wines, grape juices, and grape skin extracts relaxed precontracted smooth muscle of intact rat aortic rings but had no effect on aortas in which the endothelium had been removed. Quercitin and tannic acid, compounds known to be present in grape skins, also produced endothelium-dependent relaxation; two other grape skin compounds, resveratrol and malvidin, did not relax the rings. Phenylephrine-induced contractions were attenuated by prior exposure of aortic rings to grape skin extracts. The extracts also increased guanosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cGMP) levels in intact vascular tissue, and both relaxation and the increase in cGMP were reversed by NG-monomethyl-L-arginine and NG-nitro-L-arginine, competitive inhibitors of the synthesis of the endothelium-derived relaxing factor, nitric oxide (NO). The vasorelaxation induced by grape products therefore appears to be mediated by the NO-cGMP pathway. If such responses occur in vivo, they could conceivably help to maintain a patent coronary artery and thereby possibly contribute to a reduced incidence of coronary heart disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- D F Fitzpatrick
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of South Florida College of Medicine, Tampa 33612-4799
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Abstract
This study measured relationships between defensiveness, anxiety, and auditory-evoked potentials to tones of varied intensity. Subjects were designated as defensive if they scored > or = 7 on the L-scale of the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire, and high-anxious if they scored > or = 11 on the N-scale. Four groups resulted: 'high anxious', 'defensive high anxious', 'repressors' (i.e., defensive low anxious) and 'low anxious'. Evoked potentials were recorded from FZ, CZ, PZ, C3, C4, T3 and T4, referenced to linked ears in response to 74, 84, 94 and 104 dB SPL tones. High-defensive subjects showed lower P2 amplitudes to the 94 and 104 dB tones and lower amplitude/intensity slopes at FZ, CZ, C3 and C4. High-anxious subjects showed lower P2 amplitudes to all four stimulus intensities at FZ, CZ and PZ. The results are consistent with the hypothesis that defensiveness is associated with desensitization to intense or painful stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- J P Kline
- Department of Psychology, University of Arizona, Tucson 85721
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Abstract
The effects of atriopeptin III on phorbol ester-induced contraction were examined in aorta from Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) and spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). Precontracted SHR aorta was less responsive than WKY aorta to atriopeptin III-induced relaxation. Additionally, SHR aorta had significantly greater basal and phorbol ester-stimulated protein kinase C (PKC) activity than WKY aorta. The altered PKC response as well as hyporesponsiveness to atriopeptin III in SHR aorta may contribute to an altered vascular response and to the pathogenesis of hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- M D Sauro
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of South Florida, College of Medicine, Tampa 33612
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Sauro MD, Fitzpatrick DF. Atrial natriuretic peptides inhibit protein kinase C activation in rat aortic smooth muscle. Pept Res 1990; 3:138-41. [PMID: 1966864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The effects of synthetic atrial natriuretic peptide and a cyclic guanosine 3',5'-monophosphate analogue, 8-bromo cGMP, on protein kinase C activation in rat aortic smooth muscle from spontaneously hypertensive and control Wistar-Kyoto rats were examined. Both atrial natriuretic peptide and 8-bromo cGMP inhibited protein kinase C activation by phenylephrine, an alpha 1-adrenoceptor agonist. When phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate was used, a substance which bypasses phospholipase C activation and directly activates protein kinase C, only atrial natriuretic peptide was effective in inhibiting activation. Additionally, it was found that spontaneously hypertensive rat aorta showed significantly greater basal and stimulated levels of protein kinase C in comparison with Wistar-Kyoto rat aorta. The results suggest first, a defective protein kinase C system in hypertensive rats and that atrial natriuretic peptide attenuates protein kinase C activation through cGMP-dependent and cGMP-independent mechanisms. This inhibition of protein kinase C activity may then lead to vasorelaxation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M D Sauro
- Dept. of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of South Florida, Tampa 33612
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Fitzpatrick DF, Hendricks SE, Graber B, Balogh SE, Wetzel M. Somatosensory evoked potentials elicited by dorsal penile and posterior tibial nerve stimulation. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol 1989; 74:95-104. [PMID: 2465893 DOI: 10.1016/0168-5597(89)90014-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
SEPs were elicited by stimulation of the dorsal penile nerve (DPN) or posterior tibial nerve (PTN) under 3 conditions of stimulation: random and constant interstimulus intervals, and subject-initiated stimulation. Within these conditions, the effects of repeated stimulation were also examined. The latency of the N90 peak decreased with repeated stimulation. N90 amplitude decreased with increased foreknowledge as well as with repeated stimulation. Factors extracted by principal components analysis revealed similar effects. A difference between DPN and PTN stimulation was seen in a factor associated with the N90 peak, wherein the condition involving subject self-initiation of the stimulus reflected a significantly greater decrease in SEP amplitude when the DPN was stimulated. Morphological commonalities were observed in the SEPs elicited by DPN and PTN for a given subject.
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Affiliation(s)
- D F Fitzpatrick
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha 68105
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13
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Abstract
Prolactin (PRL) activated protein kinase C (PKC) in a dose dependent manner in rat aortic smooth muscle. Aortic strips incubated with sub-nanomolar concentrations of ovine PRL for 25 min. at 37 degrees C showed a significant stimulation of PKC activity in both cytosolic and particulate fractions. This activation could be blocked using either anti-PRL antibodies or 1-(5- isoquinolinesulfonyl)-2-methylpiperazine (H-7), a PKC inhibitor. The results further support the role of PKC in the signal transduction pathway for PRL action and suggest that this activation may be involved in vascular smooth muscle function.
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Affiliation(s)
- M D Sauro
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics University of South Florida, College of Medicine, Tampa 33612
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Sauro MD, Fitzpatrick DF, Coffey RG. Defective cyclic GMP accumulation in spontaneously hypertensive rat aorta in response to atrial natriuretic factor. Biochem Pharmacol 1988; 37:2109-12. [PMID: 2837225 DOI: 10.1016/0006-2952(88)90567-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- M D Sauro
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of South Florida, College of Medicine, Tampa 33612
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15
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Hendricks SE, Fitzpatrick DF, Hartmann K, Quaife MA, Stratbucker RA, Graber B. Brain structure and function in sexual molesters of children and adolescents. J Clin Psychiatry 1988; 49:108-12. [PMID: 3346198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Sixteen men incarcerated in a state psychiatric facility pursuant to sexual molestation of children and/or adolescents were evaluated by computed tomography (CT) head scans and regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) estimation. Compared with controls, child molesters were found to have thinner and less dense skulls and lower rCBF values. Variations from control values in rCBF and characteristics of CT head scans for the sex offenders suggest a role for cerebral dysfunction in the etiology of their aberrant behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- S E Hendricks
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha 68106
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Sauro MD, Fitzpatrick DF. Decreased sensitivity of spontaneously hypertensive rat aortic smooth muscle to vasorelaxation by atriopeptin III. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1987; 146:80-6. [PMID: 2955788 DOI: 10.1016/0006-291x(87)90693-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The effects of a synthetic form of Atrial Natriuretic Factor (ANF) on spontaneously hypertensive rat aortic smooth muscle were investigated using either an alpha-adrenoceptive agonist (phenylephrine) or an agent which partially depolarized the plasma membrane (20mM KCl) as a contractile agent. The relaxant response was studied under conditions resembling normal physiological calcium ion levels (1.5mM) as well as over a range of calcium ion concentrations (0.1-2.5mM). The results demonstrate a hyporesponsiveness of hypertensive aorta to vasorelaxation induced by synthetic ANF, which is more apparent when the tissue is contracted with KCl. The results also suggest that ANF, which has been shown previously to inhibit intracellular and receptor operated calcium channel mobilization only, may additionally work through a mechanism which is related to the voltage induced calcium flux across the membrane, which also is inhibited less in hypertensive smooth muscle.
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Tuan RS, Fitzpatrick DF. Alkaline phosphatase conjugated protein A as a sensitive reagent to immunoscreen an expression cDNA plasmid library: isolation of cDNA to the calcium-binding protein of the chick embryonic chorioallantoic membrane. Anal Biochem 1986; 159:329-35. [PMID: 3826619 DOI: 10.1016/0003-2697(86)90350-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
A highly efficient immunoscreening procedure has been developed to isolate cDNA clones to the calcium-binding protein (CaBP) of the chick embryonic chorioallantoic membrane (CAM). A library of total CAM cDNA was constructed using the expression plasmid vector, pUC 19. Bacterial clones containing plasmids with CaBP cDNA inserts were detected immunohistochemically based on their expression of hybrid CaBP protein sequences. For immunodetection, nitrocellulose bacterial colony replicas were treated with specific antibodies to the CaBP followed by incubation with Staphylococcus aureus Protein A conjugated with alkaline phosphatase (AP) which served as a secondary immunoreagent. Positive clones were then histochemically identified based on AP enzyme activity. The identity of the immunopositive clones was further verified by in vitro translation of mRNA selected by hybridization to the cloned cDNA. The AP-based immunoscreening procedure yields stable reaction products with relatively low background, and should find general application for isolating specific cDNA clones from expression cDNA libraries.
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Wiggins JR, Reiser J, Fitzpatrick DF, Bergey JL. Inotropic actions of diacetyl monoxime in cat ventricular muscle. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1980; 212:217-24. [PMID: 6243361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
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Fitzpatrick DF, Szentivanyi A. The relationship between increased myogenic tone and hyporesponsiveness in vascular smooth muscle of spontaneously hypertensive rats. Clin Exp Hypertens 1980; 2:1023-37. [PMID: 7449581 DOI: 10.3109/10641968009037159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Responsiveness of aortic strips from spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and Wistar Kyoto (WKY) normotensive rats was examined in the presence of different concentrations of Ca++. Helical strips from SHR exhibited a Ca++-dependent myogenic tone, whereas WKY strips maintained a stable resting tension at all levels of Ca++. In the presence of 1.5 mM Ca++, SHR strips were hyporesponsive to norepinephrine (NE) and KCl compared to WKY strips. However, when first exposed to Ca++-free medium, responses of strips from SHR and WKY rats to agonist plus Ca++ were of approximately equal magnitude. When an increase in active tone was induced with KCl in strips from WKY rats, these strips were seen to mimic SHR strips in their responses to Ca++-free solution and to NE. These results indicate that: 1) vascular smooth muscle of SHR possesses intrinsic myogenic tone, possibly due to increased permeability to Ca++, and 2) the decreased responsiveness of SHR strips in the presence of Ca++ is only an apparent hyporesponsiveness which may be attributable to the pre-existing tone.
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Polson JB, Krzanowski JJ, Anderson WH, Fitzpatrick DF, Hwang DP, Szentivanyi A. Analysis of the relationship between pharmacological inhibition of cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase and relaxation of canine tracheal smooth muscle. Biochem Pharmacol 1979; 28:1391-5. [PMID: 87201 DOI: 10.1016/0006-2952(79)90442-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Polson JB, Krzanowski JJ, Fitzpatrick DF, Szentivanyi A. Studies on the inhibition of phosphodiesterase-catalyzed cyclic AMP and cyclic GMP breakdown and relaxation of canine tracheal smooth muscle. Biochem Pharmacol 1978; 27:254-6. [PMID: 203292 DOI: 10.1016/0006-2952(78)90312-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Fitzpatrick DF, Szentivanyi A. Stimulation of calcium uptake into aortic microsomes by cyclic AMP and cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 1977; 298:255-7. [PMID: 197433 DOI: 10.1007/bf00500896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Enhancement of calcium uptake into rabbit aortic microsomes was seen at a cyclic AMP concentration of 10(-6) M in the presence of cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase (ATP: protein phosphotransferase, EC 2.7.1.37). Protein kinase alone also increased calcium uptake, but cyclic AMP alone was without effect. The results suggest that stimulation of calcium sequestration may be the mechanism of cyclic AMP involvement in vascular smooth muscle relaxation.
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Terlecki S, Fitzpatrick DF, Done JT. Morphology of experimental Border disease of lambs. Res Vet Sci 1973; 15:310-7. [PMID: 4792011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Abstract
A microsomal fraction isolated from longitudinal smooth muscle of guinea pig ileum actively sequesters calcium ion in the presence of magnesium and adenosine triphosphate in a fashion previously described for microsomes of the rabbit aorta. This activity in guinea pig ileum appears to be associated primarily with the plasma membrane as is found in the red cell. By contrast the uptake of calcium in aortic smooth muscle appears to be associated to an appreciable extent with intracellular membranes, possibly analogous to the sarcoplasmic reticulum of skeletal muscle.
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Abstract
A microsomal cell fraction derived from the intimal-medial layer of rabbit aorta takes up calcium in the presence of magnesium and adenosine triphosphate. The rate of uptake of calcium is slower than that observed in skeletal muscle microsomes. Uptake of calcium by mitochondria from the aorta is even more limited and, unlike microsomal uptake, is inhibited by azide.
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Fitzpatrick DF, Welch LT, Landon EJ. Characterization of plasma membrane proteins in mammalian kidney. II. The binding of organic mercurials to rat kidney plasma membrane proteins in vivo. J Biol Chem 1969; 244:3570-4. [PMID: 4240116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
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Fitzpatrick DF, Davenport GR, Forte L, Landon EJ. Characterization of plasma membrane proteins in mammalian kidney. I. Preparation of a membrane fraction and separation of the protein. J Biol Chem 1969; 244:3561-9. [PMID: 4240115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
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