1
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Simon O'Brien E, Robert A, Gauthier D, Le Cavorzin A, Planchais J, Roux X, Verleye M, Castagné V. Protective effects of Saccharomyces boulardii CNCM I-745 in an experimental model of NSAID-induced enteropathy. Benef Microbes 2023; 14:239-253. [PMID: 37646075 DOI: 10.3920/bm2023.0003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) induce a broad spectrum of gastro-intestinal adverse effects, including ulceration and bleeding. The pathophysiology of NSAID enteropathy is complex and incompletely understood, but some evidence showed that NSAIDs impair the intestinal barrier and cause a gut dysbiosis. Identifying new treatments aiming to reverse or attenuate NSAID-induced adverse effects would have a significant impact on a high number of patients. The aim of this work is to assess the effects of the probiotic yeast Saccharomyces boulardii CNCM I-745 (Sb) on a model of NSAID-induced enteropathy. Four groups of mice were tested: Control, Indomethacin, Sb, and Sb + Indomethacin. A clinical score was evaluated throughout the experiment. Faecal calprotectin, microbiota and haemoglobin analyses were performed. At the end of the treatments, the small intestine, colon, and caecum lengths, and intestinal permeability were measured. Sections of ileum and jejunum were observed to assess a histological score and ileal cytokines were measured by immunoassay. Indomethacin-treated animals showed an increase in their clinical scores, reflecting a worsening of their general state. Mice co-treated with Sb and indomethacin displayed an improvement of their clinical score in comparison with mice treated with indomethacin alone. Sb prevented the indomethacin-induced shortening of the small intestine and caecum, and significantly attenuated the severity of intestinal lesions. Sb also prevented the increase in faecal calprotectin, reduced faecal haemoglobin, and prevented the increase of intestinal permeability in mice treated with indomethacin. Sb also counteracted the increase of faecal bacteria associated with the pathogenesis of NSAID-enteropathy. In conclusion, our results show a protective effect of Sb in a model of indomethacin-induced enteropathy. Sb improved the intestinal barrier function and exerted a positive action on gut microbiota composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Simon O'Brien
- Research and Development Center, Biocodex, 3 Chem. d'Armancourt, 60200 Compiègne, France
| | - A Robert
- Research and Development Center, Biocodex, 3 Chem. d'Armancourt, 60200 Compiègne, France
| | - D Gauthier
- Research and Development Center, Biocodex, 3 Chem. d'Armancourt, 60200 Compiègne, France
| | - A Le Cavorzin
- Research and Development Center, Biocodex, 3 Chem. d'Armancourt, 60200 Compiègne, France
| | - J Planchais
- Research and Development Center, Biocodex, 3 Chem. d'Armancourt, 60200 Compiègne, France
| | - X Roux
- Research and Development Center, Biocodex, 3 Chem. d'Armancourt, 60200 Compiègne, France
| | - M Verleye
- Research and Development Center, Biocodex, 3 Chem. d'Armancourt, 60200 Compiègne, France
| | - V Castagné
- Research and Development Center, Biocodex, 3 Chem. d'Armancourt, 60200 Compiègne, France
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2
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Holzmeier F, Bello RY, Hervé M, Achner A, Baumann TM, Meyer M, Finetti P, Di Fraia M, Gauthier D, Roussel E, Plekan O, Richter R, Prince KC, Callegari C, Bachau H, Palacios A, Martín F, Dowek D. Control of H_{2} Dissociative Ionization in the Nonlinear Regime Using Vacuum Ultraviolet Free-Electron Laser Pulses. Phys Rev Lett 2018; 121:103002. [PMID: 30240272 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.121.103002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The role of the nuclear degrees of freedom in nonlinear two-photon single ionization of H_{2} molecules interacting with short and intense vacuum ultraviolet pulses is investigated, both experimentally and theoretically, by selecting single resonant vibronic intermediate neutral states. This high selectivity relies on the narrow bandwidth and tunability of the pulses generated at the FERMI free-electron laser. A sustained enhancement of dissociative ionization, which even exceeds nondissociative ionization, is observed and controlled as one selects progressively higher vibronic states. With the help of ab initio calculations for increasing pulse durations, the photoelectron and ion energy spectra obtained with velocity map imaging allow us to identify new photoionization pathways. With pulses of the order of 100 fs, the experiment probes a timescale that lies between that of ultrafast dynamical processes and that of steady state excitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Holzmeier
- Institut des Sciences Moléculaires d'Orsay CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 91405 Orsay Cedex, France
- Synchrotron SOLEIL, 91192 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - R Y Bello
- Departamento de Química, Módulo 13, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - M Hervé
- Institut des Sciences Moléculaires d'Orsay CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 91405 Orsay Cedex, France
| | - A Achner
- European XFEL GmbH, 22869 Schenefeld, Germany
| | - T M Baumann
- European XFEL GmbH, 22869 Schenefeld, Germany
| | - M Meyer
- European XFEL GmbH, 22869 Schenefeld, Germany
| | - P Finetti
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - M Di Fraia
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - D Gauthier
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - E Roussel
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - O Plekan
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - R Richter
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - K C Prince
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - C Callegari
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - H Bachau
- Centre des Lasers Intenses et Applications (UMR 5107 du CNRS-CEA-Université de Bordeaux), 351 Cours de la Libération, 33405 Talence cedex, France
| | - A Palacios
- Departamento de Química, Módulo 13, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Institute for Advanced Research in Chemical Sciences (IAdChem), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - F Martín
- Departamento de Química, Módulo 13, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados en Nanociencia (IMDEA-Nanociencia), Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Condensed Matter Physics Center (IFIMAC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - D Dowek
- Institut des Sciences Moléculaires d'Orsay CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 91405 Orsay Cedex, France
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3
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Frisch K, Småge SB, Vallestad C, Duesund H, Brevik ØJ, Klevan A, Olsen RH, Sjaatil ST, Gauthier D, Brudeseth B, Nylund A. Experimental induction of mouthrot in Atlantic salmon smolts using Tenacibaculum maritimum from Western Canada. J Fish Dis 2018; 41:1247-1258. [PMID: 29761493 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.12818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Revised: 04/10/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Mouthrot, or bacterial stomatitis, is a disease which mainly affects farmed Atlantic salmon, (Salmo salar, L.), smolts recently transferred into salt water in both British Columbia (BC), Canada, and Washington State, USA. It is a significant fish welfare issue which results in economic losses due to mortality and antibiotic treatments. The associated pathogen is Tenacibaculum maritimum, a bacterium which causes significant losses in many species of farmed fish worldwide. This bacterium has not been proven to be the causative agent of mouthrot in BC despite being isolated from affected Atlantic salmon. In this study, challenge experiments were performed to determine whether mouthrot could be induced with T. maritimum isolates collected from outbreaks in Western Canada and to attempt to develop a bath challenge model. A secondary objective was to use this model to test inactivated whole-cell vaccines for T. maritimum in Atlantic salmon smolts. This study shows that T. maritimum is the causative agent of mouthrot and that the bacteria can readily transfer horizontally within the population. Although the whole-cell oil-adjuvanted vaccines produced an antibody response that was partially cross-reactive with several of the T. maritimum isolates, the vaccines did not protect the fish under the study's conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Frisch
- Cermaq Group AS, Oslo, Norway
- Fish Disease Research Group, Department of Biology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - S B Småge
- Cermaq Group AS, Oslo, Norway
- Fish Disease Research Group, Department of Biology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - C Vallestad
- Fish Disease Research Group, Department of Biology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - A Nylund
- Fish Disease Research Group, Department of Biology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
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4
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Penco G, Allaria E, Cudin I, Di Mitri S, Gauthier D, Spampinati S, Trovó M, Giannessi L, Roussel E, Bettoni S, Craievich P, Ferrari E. Passive Linearization of the Magnetic Bunch Compression Using Self-Induced Fields. Phys Rev Lett 2017; 119:184802. [PMID: 29219607 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.119.184802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In linac-driven free-electron lasers, colliders, and energy recovery linacs, a common way to compress the electron bunch to kiloampere level is based upon the implementation of a magnetic dispersive element that converts particle energy deviation into a path-length difference. Nonlinearities of such a process are usually compensated by enabling a high harmonic rf structure properly tuned in amplitude and phase. This approach is however not straightforward, e.g., in C-band and X-band linacs. In this Letter we demonstrate that the longitudinal self-induced field excited by the electron beam itself is able to linearize the compression process without any use of high harmonic rf structure. The method is implemented at the FERMI linac, with the resulting high quality beam used to drive the seeded free-electron laser during user experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Penco
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, Area Science Park, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - E Allaria
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, Area Science Park, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - I Cudin
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, Area Science Park, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - S Di Mitri
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, Area Science Park, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - D Gauthier
- LIDYL, CEA, CNRS, Universit Paris-Saclay, CEA Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - S Spampinati
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, Area Science Park, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - M Trovó
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, Area Science Park, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - L Giannessi
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, Area Science Park, 34149 Trieste, Italy
- ENEA C.R. Frascati, Via E. Fermi 45, 00044 Frascati (Roma), Italy
| | - E Roussel
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, Area Science Park, 34149 Trieste, Italy
- Laboratoire PhLAM, UMR CNRS 8523, Université Lille 1, Sciences et Technologies, 59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
| | - S Bettoni
- Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - P Craievich
- Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - E Ferrari
- Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
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5
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Iablonskyi D, Ueda K, Ishikawa KL, Kheifets AS, Carpeggiani P, Reduzzi M, Ahmadi H, Comby A, Sansone G, Csizmadia T, Kuehn S, Ovcharenko E, Mazza T, Meyer M, Fischer A, Callegari C, Plekan O, Finetti P, Allaria E, Ferrari E, Roussel E, Gauthier D, Giannessi L, Prince KC. Observation and Control of Laser-Enabled Auger Decay. Phys Rev Lett 2017; 119:073203. [PMID: 28949652 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.119.073203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Single-photon laser-enabled Auger decay (spLEAD) is predicted theoretically [B. Cooper and V. Averbukh, Phys. Rev. Lett. 111, 083004 (2013)PRLTAO0031-900710.1103/PhysRevLett.111.083004] and here we report its first experimental observation in neon. Using coherent, bichromatic free-electron laser pulses, we detect the process and coherently control the angular distribution of the emitted electrons by varying the phase difference between the two laser fields. Since spLEAD is highly sensitive to electron correlation, this is a promising method for probing both correlation and ultrafast hole migration in more complex systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Iablonskyi
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
| | - K Ueda
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
| | - K L Ishikawa
- Department of Nuclear Engineering and Management, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
- Photon Science Center, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - A S Kheifets
- Research School of Physics and Engineering, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - P Carpeggiani
- Dipartimento di Fisica, CNR-IFN, Politecnico di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - M Reduzzi
- Dipartimento di Fisica, CNR-IFN, Politecnico di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - H Ahmadi
- Dipartimento di Fisica, CNR-IFN, Politecnico di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - A Comby
- Dipartimento di Fisica, CNR-IFN, Politecnico di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - G Sansone
- Dipartimento di Fisica, CNR-IFN, Politecnico di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
- Physikalisches Institut der Albert-Ludwigs-Universitat, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - T Csizmadia
- ELI-ALPS, Pintér József utca, 6728 Szeged, Hungary
| | - S Kuehn
- ELI-ALPS, Pintér József utca, 6728 Szeged, Hungary
| | | | - T Mazza
- European XFEL GmbH, 22869 Schenefeld, Germany
| | - M Meyer
- European XFEL GmbH, 22869 Schenefeld, Germany
| | - A Fischer
- Max Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics, Heidelberg 69117, Germany
| | - C Callegari
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - O Plekan
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - P Finetti
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - E Allaria
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - E Ferrari
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - E Roussel
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - D Gauthier
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - L Giannessi
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
- ENEA C.R. Frascati, 00044 Frascati, Rome, Italy
| | - K C Prince
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
- Molecular Model Discovery Laboratory, Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne 3122, Australia
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6
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Bluford J, Gauthier D, Colasanto M, Rhodes M, Vogelbein W, Haines A. Identification of virulence genes in Vibrio spp. isolates from the 2009 Bermuda reef fish mortality event. J Fish Dis 2017; 40:597-600. [PMID: 27553461 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.12532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2016] [Revised: 06/16/2016] [Accepted: 06/17/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- J Bluford
- Department of Biology, Norfolk State University, Norfolk, VA, USA
| | - D Gauthier
- Department of Biological Sciences, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA, USA
| | - M Colasanto
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - M Rhodes
- Department of Aquatic Health Science, College of William and Mary, Virginia Institute of Marine Science, Williamsburg, VA, USA
| | - W Vogelbein
- Department of Aquatic Health Science, College of William and Mary, Virginia Institute of Marine Science, Williamsburg, VA, USA
| | - A Haines
- Department of Biology, Norfolk State University, Norfolk, VA, USA
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7
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Zajic S, Rossenu S, Hreniuk D, Kesisoglou F, McCrea J, Liu F, Sun L, Witter R, Gauthier D, Helmy R, Joss D, Ni T, Stoltz R, Stone J, Stoch SA. The Absolute Bioavailability and Effect of Food on the Pharmacokinetics of Odanacatib: A Stable-Label i.v./Oral Study in Healthy Postmenopausal Women. Drug Metab Dispos 2016; 44:1450-8. [DOI: 10.1124/dmd.116.069906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2016] [Accepted: 07/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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8
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Boutu W, Gauthier D, Ge X, Cassin R, Ducousso M, Gonzalez AI, Iwan B, Samaan J, Wang F, Kovačev M, Merdji H. Impact of noise in holography with extended references in the low signal regime. Opt Express 2016; 24:6318-6327. [PMID: 27136823 DOI: 10.1364/oe.24.006318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Signal-to-noise ratio is a key factor in lensless imaging, particularly for low diffraction signal experiments in the single shot regime. We present our recent study of the noise impact on holography with extended references. Experimental data have been measured in single shot acquisition using an intense coherent soft X-ray high harmonic source. The impact of hardware and software noise under various detection conditions is discussed. A final comparison between single shot and multi-shot regimes is given.
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9
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Roussel E, Ferrari E, Allaria E, Penco G, Di Mitri S, Veronese M, Danailov M, Gauthier D, Giannessi L. Multicolor High-Gain Free-Electron Laser Driven by Seeded Microbunching Instability. Phys Rev Lett 2015; 115:214801. [PMID: 26636852 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.115.214801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Laser-heater systems are essential tools to control and optimize high-gain free-electron lasers (FELs) working in the x-ray wavelength range. Indeed, these systems induce a controllable increase of the energy spread of the electron bunch. The heating suppresses longitudinal microbunching instability which otherwise would limit the FEL performance. Here, we demonstrate that, through the action of the microbunching instability, a long-wavelength modulation of the electron beam induced by the laser heater at low energy can persist until the beam entrance into the undulators. This coherent longitudinal modulation is exploited to control the FEL spectral properties, in particular, multicolor extreme-ultraviolet FEL pulses can be generated through a frequency mixing of the modulations produced by the laser heater and the seed laser in the electron beam. We present an experimental demonstration of this novel configuration carried out at the FERMI FEL.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Roussel
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, Strada Statale 14-km 163,5 in AREA Science Park, 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - E Ferrari
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, Strada Statale 14-km 163,5 in AREA Science Park, 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
- Università degli Studi di Trieste, Dipartimento di Fisica, Piazzale Europa 1, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - E Allaria
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, Strada Statale 14-km 163,5 in AREA Science Park, 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - G Penco
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, Strada Statale 14-km 163,5 in AREA Science Park, 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - S Di Mitri
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, Strada Statale 14-km 163,5 in AREA Science Park, 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - M Veronese
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, Strada Statale 14-km 163,5 in AREA Science Park, 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - M Danailov
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, Strada Statale 14-km 163,5 in AREA Science Park, 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - D Gauthier
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, Strada Statale 14-km 163,5 in AREA Science Park, 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - L Giannessi
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, Strada Statale 14-km 163,5 in AREA Science Park, 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
- ENEA Frascati, Via E. Fermi 45, 00044 Frascati, Italy
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10
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Ferrari E, Allaria E, Buck J, De Ninno G, Diviacco B, Gauthier D, Giannessi L, Glaser L, Huang Z, Ilchen M, Lambert G, Lutman AA, Mahieu B, Penco G, Spezzani C, Viefhaus J. Single Shot Polarization Characterization of XUV FEL Pulses from Crossed Polarized Undulators. Sci Rep 2015; 5:13531. [PMID: 26314764 PMCID: PMC4551986 DOI: 10.1038/srep13531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2015] [Accepted: 07/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Polarization control is a key feature of light generated by short-wavelength free-electron lasers. In this work, we report the first experimental characterization of the polarization properties of an extreme ultraviolet high gain free-electron laser operated with crossed polarized undulators. We investigate the average degree of polarization and the shot-to-shot stability and we analyze aspects such as existing possibilities for controlling and switching the polarization state of the emitted light. The results are in agreement with predictions based on Gaussian beams propagation.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Ferrari
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, S.S. 14-km 163.5, 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy.,Università degli Studi di Trieste, Dipartimento di Fisica, Piazzale Europa 1, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - E Allaria
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, S.S. 14-km 163.5, 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - J Buck
- European XFEL, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - G De Ninno
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, S.S. 14-km 163.5, 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy.,Laboratory of Quantum Optics, University of Nova Gorica, 5000 Nova Gorica, Slovenia
| | - B Diviacco
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, S.S. 14-km 163.5, 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - D Gauthier
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, S.S. 14-km 163.5, 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy.,Laboratory of Quantum Optics, University of Nova Gorica, 5000 Nova Gorica, Slovenia
| | - L Giannessi
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, S.S. 14-km 163.5, 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy.,Enea, via Enrico Fermi 45, 00044 Frascati, Roma, Italy
| | | | - Z Huang
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - M Ilchen
- European XFEL, 22761 Hamburg, Germany.,Stanford PULSE Institute, Menlo Park, CA, USA
| | - G Lambert
- Laboratoire d'Optique Appliquée, ENSTA ParisTech-CNRS UMR 7639-Ecole polytechnique, Chemin de la Huniére, 91761 Palaiseau, France
| | - A A Lutman
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - B Mahieu
- Laboratoire d'Optique Appliquée, ENSTA ParisTech-CNRS UMR 7639-Ecole polytechnique, Chemin de la Huniére, 91761 Palaiseau, France
| | - G Penco
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, S.S. 14-km 163.5, 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - C Spezzani
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, S.S. 14-km 163.5, 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
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11
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Rossi S, Viarouge C, Faure E, Gilot-Fromont E, Gache K, Gibert P, Verheyden H, Hars J, Klein F, Maillard D, Gauthier D, Game Y, Pozet F, Sailleau C, Garnier A, Zientara S, Bréard E. Exposure of Wildlife to the Schmallenberg Virus in France (2011-2014): Higher, Faster, Stronger (than Bluetongue)! Transbound Emerg Dis 2015; 64:354-363. [DOI: 10.1111/tbed.12371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- S. Rossi
- French Agency for Wildlife and Hunting (ONCFS); Unité sanitaire de la faune; St Benoist France
| | - C. Viarouge
- French Agency for Food Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety (ANSES); Laboratoire de santé animale; Maisons-Alfort France
| | - E. Faure
- Fédération Nationale des Chasseurs; Issy-les-Moulineaux France
| | - E. Gilot-Fromont
- Université de Lyon; VetAgroSup; Marcy l'Etoile France
- UMR 5558 LBBE; Villeurbanne France
| | - K. Gache
- National animal health farmers'organisation (GDS France); Paris France
| | - P. Gibert
- French Agency for Wildlife and Hunting (ONCFS); Cnera faune de montagne; Montpellier France
| | - H. Verheyden
- INRA; Comportement et Ecologie de la Faune Sauvage; Castanet-Tolosan France
| | - J. Hars
- French Agency for Wildlife and Hunting (ONCFS); Unité sanitaire de la faune; St Benoist France
| | - F. Klein
- French Agency for Wildlife and Hunting (ONCFS); Cnera cervidés sanglier; St Benoist France
| | - D. Maillard
- French Agency for Wildlife and Hunting (ONCFS); Cnera faune de montagne; Montpellier France
| | - D. Gauthier
- Laboratoire vétérinaire départemental d'analyses et d'hygiène alimentaire des Hautes Alpes; Gap France
| | - Y. Game
- Laboratoire vétérinaire départemental d'analyses de la Savoie; Bassens France
| | - F. Pozet
- Laboratoire départemental d'analyses du Jura; Poligny France
| | - C. Sailleau
- French Agency for Food Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety (ANSES); Laboratoire de santé animale; Maisons-Alfort France
| | - A. Garnier
- French Agency for Food Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety (ANSES); Laboratoire de santé animale; Maisons-Alfort France
| | - S. Zientara
- French Agency for Food Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety (ANSES); Laboratoire de santé animale; Maisons-Alfort France
| | - E. Bréard
- French Agency for Food Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety (ANSES); Laboratoire de santé animale; Maisons-Alfort France
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12
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Allaria E, Badano L, Bassanese S, Capotondi F, Castronovo D, Cinquegrana P, Danailov MB, D'Auria G, Demidovich A, De Monte R, De Ninno G, Di Mitri S, Diviacco B, Fawley WM, Ferianis M, Ferrari E, Gaio G, Gauthier D, Giannessi L, Iazzourene F, Kurdi G, Mahne N, Nikolov I, Parmigiani F, Penco G, Raimondi L, Rebernik P, Rossi F, Roussel E, Scafuri C, Serpico C, Sigalotti P, Spezzani C, Svandrlik M, Svetina C, Trovó M, Veronese M, Zangrando D, Zangrando M. The FERMI free-electron lasers. J Synchrotron Radiat 2015; 22:485-491. [PMID: 25931057 DOI: 10.1107/s1600577515005366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2014] [Accepted: 03/15/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
FERMI is a seeded free-electron laser (FEL) facility located at the Elettra laboratory in Trieste, Italy, and is now in user operation with its first FEL line, FEL-1, covering the wavelength range between 100 and 20 nm. The second FEL line, FEL-2, a high-gain harmonic generation double-stage cascade covering the wavelength range 20-4 nm, has also completed commissioning and the first user call has been recently opened. An overview of the typical operating modes of the facility is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Allaria
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - L Badano
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | - G D'Auria
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | | | - R De Monte
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - G De Ninno
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - S Di Mitri
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - B Diviacco
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - W M Fawley
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - M Ferianis
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - E Ferrari
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - G Gaio
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - D Gauthier
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | | | | | - G Kurdi
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - N Mahne
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - I Nikolov
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | | | - G Penco
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - L Raimondi
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - P Rebernik
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - F Rossi
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - E Roussel
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - C Scafuri
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - C Serpico
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | | | - C Spezzani
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | | | - C Svetina
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - M Trovó
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - M Veronese
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, Trieste, Italy
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13
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Zeng K, Flamant G, Gauthier D, Guillot E. Solar Pyrolysis of Wood in a Lab-scale Solar Reactor: Influence of Temperature and Sweep Gas Flow Rate on Products Distribution. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.egypro.2015.03.163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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14
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Poletto L, Miotti P, Frassetto F, Spezzani C, Grazioli C, Coreno M, Ressel B, Gauthier D, Ivanov R, Ciavardini A, de Simone M, Stagira S, De Ninno G. Double-configuration grating monochromator for extreme-ultraviolet ultrafast pulses. Appl Opt 2014; 53:5879-88. [PMID: 25321666 DOI: 10.1364/ao.53.005879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
We present the design and characterization of a double-configuration grating monochromator for the spectral selection of extreme-ultraviolet ultrafast pulses. Two grating geometries are joined in an instrument with two interchangeable diffracting stages, both used at grazing incidence: one with the gratings in the off-plane mount (OPM), the other in the classical diffraction mount (CDM). The use of two stages gives great flexibility: the OPM stage is used for sub-50 fs time response and low spectral resolution, while the CDM stage is for 100-200 fs time response and high spectral resolution. The monochromator spectral and temporal performances have been experimentally demonstrated on a high-order laser-harmonics beam line.
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15
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Gauthier D, Schambach S, Crouzet J, Sirvain S, Fraisse T. Subcutaneous and intravenous ceftriaxone administration in patients more than 75 years of age. Med Mal Infect 2014; 44:275-80. [DOI: 10.1016/j.medmal.2014.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2013] [Revised: 02/25/2014] [Accepted: 03/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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16
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Grazioli C, Callegari C, Ciavardini A, Coreno M, Frassetto F, Gauthier D, Golob D, Ivanov R, Kivimäki A, Mahieu B, Bučar B, Merhar M, Miotti P, Poletto L, Polo E, Ressel B, Spezzani C, De Ninno G. CITIUS: an infrared-extreme ultraviolet light source for fundamental and applied ultrafast science. Rev Sci Instrum 2014; 85:023104. [PMID: 24593346 DOI: 10.1063/1.4864298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
We present the main features of CITIUS, a new light source for ultrafast science, generating tunable, intense, femtosecond pulses in the spectral range from infrared to extreme ultraviolet (XUV). The XUV pulses (about 10(5)-10(8) photons/pulse in the range 14-80 eV) are produced by laser-induced high-order harmonic generation in gas. This radiation is monochromatized by a time-preserving monochromator, also allowing one to work with high-resolution bandwidth selection. The tunable IR-UV pulses (10(12)-10(15) photons/pulse in the range 0.4-5.6 eV) are generated by an optical parametric amplifier, which is driven by a fraction of the same laser pulse that generates high order harmonics. The IR-UV and XUV pulses follow different optical paths and are eventually recombined on the sample for pump-probe experiments. We also present the results of two pump-probe experiments: with the first one, we fully characterized the temporal duration of harmonic pulses in the time-preserving configuration; with the second one, we demonstrated the possibility of using CITIUS for selective investigation of the ultra-fast dynamics of different elements in a magnetic compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Grazioli
- Laboratory of Quantum Optics, University of Nova Gorica, Nova Gorica, Slovenia
| | | | | | - M Coreno
- Elettra Sincrotrone Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - F Frassetto
- Institute of Photonics and Nanotechnologies (CNR-IFN), Padova, Italy
| | - D Gauthier
- Laboratory of Quantum Optics, University of Nova Gorica, Nova Gorica, Slovenia
| | - D Golob
- Kontrolni Sistemi d.o.o., Sežana, Slovenia
| | - R Ivanov
- Laboratory of Quantum Optics, University of Nova Gorica, Nova Gorica, Slovenia
| | - A Kivimäki
- Institute of Materials Manufacturing (CNR-IOM), TASC Laboratory, Trieste, Italy
| | - B Mahieu
- Elettra Sincrotrone Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - B Bučar
- Laboratory of Mechanical Processing Technologies, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - M Merhar
- Laboratory of Mechanical Processing Technologies, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - P Miotti
- Institute of Photonics and Nanotechnologies (CNR-IFN), Padova, Italy
| | - L Poletto
- Institute of Photonics and Nanotechnologies (CNR-IFN), Padova, Italy
| | - E Polo
- Institute of Organic Synthesis and Photoreactivity (CNR-ISOF), Ferrara, Italy
| | - B Ressel
- Laboratory of Quantum Optics, University of Nova Gorica, Nova Gorica, Slovenia
| | - C Spezzani
- Elettra Sincrotrone Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - G De Ninno
- Laboratory of Quantum Optics, University of Nova Gorica, Nova Gorica, Slovenia
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17
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Ge X, Boutu W, Gauthier D, Wang F, Borta A, Barbrel B, Ducousso M, Gonzalez AI, Carré B, Guillaumet D, Perdrix M, Gobert O, Gautier J, Lambert G, Maia FRNC, Hajdu J, Zeitoun P, Merdji H. Impact of wave front and coherence optimization in coherent diffractive imaging. Opt Express 2013; 21:11441-11447. [PMID: 23670000 DOI: 10.1364/oe.21.011441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
We present single shot nanoscale imaging using a table-top femtosecond soft X-ray laser harmonic source at a wavelength of 32 nm. We show that the phase retrieval process in coherent diffractive imaging critically depends on beam quality. Coherence and image fidelity are measured from single-shot coherent diffraction patterns of isolated nano-patterned slits. Impact of flux, wave front and coherence of the soft X-ray beam on the phase retrieval process and the image quality are discussed. After beam improvements, a final image reconstruction is presented with a spatial resolution of 78 nm (half period) in a single 20 fs laser harmonic shot.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Ge
- Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique, Service des Photons, Atomes et Molécules, Bâtiment 522, Centre d’Etude de Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
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18
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Soria J, Gauthier D, Falcoz Q, Flamant G, Mazza G. Local CFD kinetic model of cadmium vaporization during fluid bed incineration of municipal solid waste. J Hazard Mater 2013; 248-249:276-84. [PMID: 23410804 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2013.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2012] [Revised: 01/07/2013] [Accepted: 01/08/2013] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
The emissions of heavy metals during incineration of Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) are a major issue to health and the environment. It is then necessary to well quantify these emissions in order to accomplish an adequate control and prevent the heavy metals from leaving the stacks. In this study the kinetic behavior of Cadmium during Fluidized Bed Incineration (FBI) of artificial MSW pellets, for bed temperatures ranging from 923 to 1073 K, was modeled. FLUENT 12.1.4 was used as the modeling framework for the simulations and implemented together with a complete set of user-defined functions (UDFs). The CFD model combines the combustion of a single solid waste particle with heavy metal (HM) vaporization from the burning particle, and it takes also into account both pyrolysis and volatiles' combustion. A kinetic rate law for the Cd release, derived from the CFD thermal analysis of the combusting particle, is proposed. The simulation results are compared with experimental data obtained in a lab-scale fluidized bed incinerator reported in literature, and with the predicted values from a particulate non-isothermal model, formerly developed by the authors. The comparison shows that the proposed CFD model represents very well the evolution of the HM release for the considered range of bed temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Soria
- Instituto Multidisciplinario de Investigación y Desarrollo de la Patagonia Norte (IDEPA, CONICET-UNCo) y Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Nacional del Comahue, Buenos Aires 1400, 8300 Neuquén, Argentina
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19
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Rossi S, Pioz M, Beard E, Durand B, Gibert P, Gauthier D, Klein F, Maillard D, Saint-Andrieux C, Saubusse T, Hars J. Bluetongue dynamics in French wildlife: exploring the driving forces. Transbound Emerg Dis 2013; 61:e12-24. [PMID: 23414427 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.12061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2012] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Bluetongue (BT) was monitored in wildlife in France during two consecutive years corresponding to contrasting incidence rates in livestock: in 2008 at the peak of domestic outbreaks and in 2009 when very few outbreaks were observed. The disease status of 2 798 ruminants comprising 837 red deer (Cervus elaphus) was explored using ELISA test on serum and real-time RT-PCR test on blood or spleen. A large proportion of red deer were seropositive and positive to RT-PCR in 2008, but also in 2009 (seroprevalence: 47.1% and 24.3%), suggesting that red deer could maintain infection when domestic incidence was negligible. By contrast, low seroprevalence (<3%) and few RT-PCR positive results were observed in other wild ruminant species, which rather appeared thus as dead-end hosts. The risk factors of bluetongue circulation during the periods of high (2008) and low (2009) domestic incidence were explored in red deer using logistic mixed models. In this species, prevalence has been mainly influenced by the initial peak of BT in livestock, but also by environmental factor such as elevation and edge density between forest and pastures. Surprisingly, cattle density has a negative influence on prevalence in red deer, possibly due to the protective effect of cattle regarding midges' bites and/or to still unexplained factors dealing with the host/midge interface. To our knowledge, this study is the first attempt at measuring the effect of landscape and wildlife/domestic interface on BT prevalence in wildlife in Europe.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Rossi
- National Game and Wildlife Agency (ONCFS), Wildlife Diseases Unit, St Benoist, France
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20
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Gauthier D, Guizar-Sicairos M, Ge X, Boutu W, Carré B, Fienup JR, Merdji H. Single-shot femtosecond x-ray holography using extended references. Phys Rev Lett 2010; 105:093901. [PMID: 20868161 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.105.093901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2010] [Revised: 07/15/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
In the context of x-ray lensless imaging, we present a recent approach for Fourier transform holography based on the use of extended references. Major advances shown here rely on a high signal efficiency and on the direct image reconstruction of the object performed by a simple linear derivative. Moreover, the extended holographic reference is easy to manufacture and can be applied to a variety of imaging experiments. Here we demonstrate single-shot imaging with a table-top, laser-based coherent soft x-ray source. A spatial resolution of 110 nm was obtained with an integration time of 20 fs.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Gauthier
- CEA-Saclay, IRAMIS, Service des Photons, Atomes et Molécules, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
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21
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Van Frankenhuyzen K, Gringorten L, Gauthier D. Cry9Ca1 Toxin, a Bacillus thuringiensis Insecticidal Crystal Protein with High Activity against the Spruce Budworm (Choristoneura fumiferana). Appl Environ Microbiol 2010; 63:4132-4. [PMID: 16535721 PMCID: PMC1389277 DOI: 10.1128/aem.63.10.4132-4134.1997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The Cry9Ca1 toxin from Bacillus thuringiensis was significantly more toxic to spruce budworm (Choristoneura fumiferana) than the Cry1Ab6, Cry1Ba1, Cry1Ca2, Cry1Da1, Cry1Ea1, and Cry1Fa2 toxins. It displayed high activity against silkworm (Bombyx mori) but was not toxic to black army cutworm (Actebia fennica) or gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar). The Cry9Ca1 is the most effective spruce budworm toxin known to date and may offer promise for control and resistance management of that species.
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22
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Abstract
Acetylene reduction activity was demonstrated in pure cultures of two actinomycete strains isolated from nodules of Casuarina equisetifolia. This activity was comparable to that of free-living Rhizobium strains, but appeared to be less sensitive to pO(2) and more sensitive to the presence of combined nitrogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Gauthier
- Office de la Recherche Scientifique et Technique Outre-Mer, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Dakar, Sénégal
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23
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Liu J, Falcoz Q, Gauthier D, Flamant G, Zheng CZ. Volatilization behavior of Cd and Zn based on continuous emission measurement of flue gas from laboratory-scale coal combustion. Chemosphere 2010; 80:241-247. [PMID: 20457467 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2010.04.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2010] [Revised: 04/12/2010] [Accepted: 04/12/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The accumulation of toxic metals generated by coal-fired power stations presents a serious threat to the environment. The volatilization behavior of two representative metals (Cd and Zn), and the influence of temperature were investigated during coal combustion. An inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometric (ICP-AES) method was developed to continuously measure the heavy metal concentrations quantitatively in flue gas under combustion conditions in order to track the metal release process. This continuous heavy metal analysis system was implemented by coupling it to two types of high temperature reactors: a bubbling fluidized bed reactor and a fixed bed reactor with diameter of 0.1 m and 0.08 m respectively. For the two metals considered in this study (Cd and Zn), the experimental setup was successfully used to continuously monitor the metal vaporization process during coal combustion independent of reactor design, and at different temperatures. Cd is more easily vaporized than Zn during coal combustion. Temperature significantly influences the metal vaporization process. In general, the higher the temperature, the higher the metal vaporization, although the vaporization is not proportional to temperature. In addition to the experimental study, a thermodynamic calculation was carried out to simulate the heavy metal speciation during coal combustion process. The theoretical volatilization tendency is consistent with the experiment. The thermodynamic calculation identified the formation of binary oxides retarding heavy metal vaporization.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
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24
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Abstract
We investigated the function of the tentacles in aquatic, piscivorous tentacled snakes (Erpeton tentaculatus) by examining anatomy, peripheral innervation, and the response properties of primary afferents. We also investigated visual and somatosensory responses in the optic tectum and documented predatory strikes to visual stimuli and under infrared illumination. Our results show the tentacles are sensitive mechanoreceptors that respond to water movements. They are innervated by rami of the maxillary and ophthalmic branches of the trigeminal nerve and contain a dense array of fine terminal neurites that cross the interior of the tentacle orthogonal to its long axis. The optic tectum contained a retinotopic map of contralateral receptive fields with superior fields represented dorsally in the tectum, inferior fields represented laterally, nasal fields represented rostrally, and temporal fields represented caudally. Large somatosensory receptive fields were identified in deeper layers of the tectum and were in approximate register with overlying visual fields. Tentacled snakes struck accurately at a simulated digital fish, indicating that visual cues are sufficient to guide strikes, but they also captured fish under infrared illumination, suggesting water movements alone could be used to localize prey. We conclude the tentacles are mechanosensors that are used to detect fish position based on water movements and that visual and mechanosensory cues may be integrated in the tectum to enhance localization when visual cues are reduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- K C Catania
- Vanderbilt University, Department of Biological Sciences, Nashville, TN, USA.
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25
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Liu J, Liu X, Gauthier D, Abanades S, Flamant G, Qiu J, Zheng C. Kinetics of heavy metal vaporization from coal in a fluidized bed by an inverse model. ASIA-PAC J CHEM ENG 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/apj.278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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26
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27
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Ravasio A, Gauthier D, Maia FRNC, Billon M, Caumes JP, Garzella D, Géléoc M, Gobert O, Hergott JF, Pena AM, Perez H, Carré B, Bourhis E, Gierak J, Madouri A, Mailly D, Schiedt B, Fajardo M, Gautier J, Zeitoun P, Bucksbaum PH, Hajdu J, Merdji H. Single-shot diffractive imaging with a table-top femtosecond soft x-ray laser-harmonics source. Phys Rev Lett 2009; 103:028104. [PMID: 19659250 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.103.028104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2009] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Coherent x-ray diffractive imaging is a powerful method for studies on nonperiodic structures on the nanoscale. Access to femtosecond dynamics in major physical, chemical, and biological processes requires single-shot diffraction data. Up to now, this has been limited to intense coherent pulses from a free electron laser. Here we show that laser-driven ultrashort x-ray sources offer a comparatively inexpensive alternative. We present measurements of single-shot diffraction patterns from isolated nano-objects with a single 20 fs pulse from a table-top high-harmonic x-ray laser. Images were reconstructed with a resolution of 119 nm from the single shot and 62 nm from multiple shots.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Ravasio
- Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique, Service des Photons, Atomes et Molécules, Bâtiment 522, Centre d'Etude de Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
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28
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29
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Akay M, Akay Y, Gauthier D, Paden R, Pavlicek W, Fortuin F, Sweeney J, Lee R. Dynamics of Diastolic Sounds Caused by Partially Occluded Coronary Arteries. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 2009; 56:513-7. [DOI: 10.1109/tbme.2008.2003098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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30
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Erhouma E, Guiguen F, Chebloune Y, Gauthier D, Lakhal LM, Greenland T, Mornex JF, Leroux C, Alogninouwa T. Small ruminant lentivirus proviral sequences from wild ibexes in contact with domestic goats. J Gen Virol 2008; 89:1478-1484. [DOI: 10.1099/vir.0.2008/000364-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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31
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Marco I, Lopez-Olvera JR, Gibert P, Abarca L, Gauthier D, Lavín S. Dermatophytosis caused by Trichophyton mentagrophytes in the southern chamois (Rupicapra pyrenaica) in the Eastern Pyrenees. Zoonoses Public Health 2007; 54:278-80. [PMID: 17803516 DOI: 10.1111/j.1863-2378.2007.01057.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Two free-ranging southern chamois (Rupicapra pyrenaica) - one 4-year-old male and one 3-year-old male - were diagnosed with clinical dermatophytosis in the French and Spanish Eastern Pyrenees respectively. Skin samples were collected for microbiological studies, Trichophyton mentagrophytes being isolated and identified in both animals. The first chamois was found dead at the base of a cliff, and presented with alopecia and scaling on the dorsum and left forelimb. The second chamois showed grey-yellow, rough to raised scaling and crusting skin lesions at the base of the horns, around the eyes, dorsum of the nose, sternum, tail and limbs. Histological examination was carried out only on the second animal. The main lesions were orthokeratotic hyperkeratosis with focal parakeratosis, irregular to papillary epidermal hyperplasia, intracorneal neutrophilic pustules, perivascular to diffuse dermatitis with neutrophilic folliculitis and furunculosis. In those follicles with folliculitis and/or furunculosis, fungal hyphae and arthrospores associated with the follicular keratin and hair shafts were seen.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Marco
- Servei d'Ecopatologia de Fauna Salvatge, Facultat de Veterinaria, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, 08193-Bellaterra, Spain.
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Grimaldi B, Nakahata Y, Sahar S, Kaluzova M, Gauthier D, Pham K, Patel N, Hirayama J, Sassone-Corsi P. Chromatin remodeling and circadian control: master regulator CLOCK is an enzyme. Cold Spring Harb Symp Quant Biol 2007; 72:105-12. [PMID: 18419267 DOI: 10.1101/sqb.2007.72.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The molecular machinery that governs circadian rhythmicity is based on clock gene products organized in regulatory feedback loops. Recently, we have shown that CLOCK, a master circadian regulator, has histone acetyltransferase activity essential for clock gene expression. The Lys-14 residue of histone H3 is a preferential target of CLOCK-mediated acetylation. As the role of chromatin remodeling in eukaryotic transcription is well recognized, this finding identified unforeseen links between histone acetylation and cellular physiology. Indeed, we have shown that the enzymatic function of CLOCK drives circadian control. We reasoned that CLOCK's acetyltransferase activity could also target nonhistone proteins, a feature displayed by other HATs. Indeed, CLOCK also acetylates a nonhistone substrate: its own partner, BMAL1. This protein undergoes rhythmic acetylation in the mouse liver, with a timing that parallels the down-regulation of circadian transcription of clock-controlled genes. BMAL1 is specifically acetylated on a unique, highly conserved Lys-537 residue. This acetylation facilitates recruitment of the repressor CRY1 to BMAL1, indicating that CLOCK may intervene in negative circadian regulation. Our findings reveal that the enzymatic interplay between two clock core components is crucial for the circadian machinery.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Grimaldi
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, USA
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Villard L, Gauthier D, Lacheretz A, Abadie G, Game Y, Maurin F, Richard Y, Borges E, Kodjo A. Serological and molecular comparison of Mannheimia haemolytica and Pasteurella trehalosi strains isolated from wild and domestic ruminants in the French Alps. Vet J 2006; 171:545-50. [PMID: 16624723 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2005.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/11/2005] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Over a period of 17 years, 84 bacterial isolates identified as Mannheimia haemolytica or M. glucosida, and 52 isolates identified as Pasteurella trehalosi were detected in the lungs of domestic and wild ruminants in the French Alps. The isolates were serotyped according to their surface capsular antigens, and those sharing common antigens were further characterized by pulsed field gel electrophoresis. The results showed that the bacterial isolates included in the study clustered according to the host species from which they were isolated. These findings indicate that the transmission of serotypes of M. haemolytica, M. glucosida or P. trehalosi from an animal host in which they are common to another species sharing the same geographical space may be a rare epidemiological event.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Villard
- Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Lyon, 1, Av. Bourgelat, F-69280, Marcy l'Etoile, France
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Yan Z, Caldwell GW, Gauthier D, Leo GC, Mei J, Ho CY, Jones WJ, Masucci JA, Tuman RW, Galemmo RA, Johnson DL. N-GLUCURONIDATION OF THE PLATELET-DERIVED GROWTH FACTOR RECEPTOR TYROSINE KINASE INHIBITOR 6,7-(DIMETHOXY-2,4-DIHYDROINDENO[1,2-C]PYRAZOL-3-YL)-(3-FLUORO-PHENYL)-AMINE BY HUMAN UDP-GLUCURONOSYLTRANSFERASES. Drug Metab Dispos 2006; 34:748-55. [PMID: 16455802 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.106.009274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The potential cancer therapeutic agent, 6,7-(dimethoxy-2, 4-dihydroindeno[1,2-c]pyrazol-3-yl)-(3-fluoro-phenyl)-amine (JNJ-10198409), formed three N-glucuronides that were positively identified by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry and NMR as N-amine-glucuronide (Glu-A), 1-N-pyrazole-glucuronide (Glu-B), and 2-N-pyrazole-glucuronide (Glu-C). All three N-glucuronides were detected in rat liver microsomes, whereas only Glu-A and -B were found in monkey and human liver microsomes. In contrast to common glucuronides, Glu-B was completely resistant to beta-glucuronidase. Kinetic analyses revealed that glucuronidation of JNJ-10198409 in human liver microsomes exhibited atypical kinetics that may be described by a two-site binding model. For the high affinity binding, K(m) values were 1.2 and 5.0 microM, and V(max) values were 2002 and 2,403 nmol min(-1) mg(-1) for Glu-A and Glu-B, respectively. Kinetic constants of low affinity binding were not determined due to low solubility of the drug. Among the human UDP-glucuronosyltransferases (UGTs) tested, UGT1A9, 1A8, 1A7, and 1A4 were the most active isozymes to produce Glu-A; for the formation of Glu-B, UGT1A9 was the most active enzyme, followed by UGT1A3, 1A7, and 1A4. Glucuronidation of JNJ-10198409 by those UGT1A enzymes followed classic Michaelis-Menten kinetics. In contrast, no glucuronides were formed by all UGT2B isozymes tested, including UGT2B4, 2B7, 2B15, and 2B17. Collectively, these results suggested that glucuronidation of JNJ-10198409 in human liver microsomes is catalyzed by multiple UGT1A enzymes. Since UGT1A enzymes are widely expressed in various tissues, it is anticipated that both hepatic and extrahepatic glucuronidation will likely contribute to the elimination of the drug in humans. Additionally, conjugation at the nitrogens of the pyrazole ring represents a new structural moiety for UGT1A-mediated reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Yan
- Drug Discovery, R2013, Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research & Development, LLC, Welsh & McKean Roads, Spring House, PA 19477-0776, USA.
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Liu J, Abanades S, Gauthier D, Flamant G, Zheng C, Lu J. Determination of kinetic law for toxic metals release during thermal treatment of model waste in a fluid-bed reactor. Environ Sci Technol 2005; 39:9331-6. [PMID: 16382960 DOI: 10.1021/es051042w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Accumulation of toxic metals generated by thermal treatment of municipal solid waste presents a serious threat to the environment. A study was carried out to investigate the kinetic law of toxic metal release from municipal solid waste during their thermal treatment. Both direct and inverse models were developed in transient conditions. The direct mathematical model of the fluid-bed reactor is based on Kunii and Levenspiel's two-phase flow model for Geldart Group B particles. The inverse model intends to predict the metal's rate of vaporization from its concentration in the outlet gas. The derived models were found to predict reasonably well the experimental observations. A method to derive the kinetic law of toxic metals release during fluidized bed thermal treatment of model waste from the global model and the experimental measurements is derived and illustrated. A first-order law was fitted for the mineral matrix, and a second-order law (simplified) was fitted for the realistic model waste. The kinetic law obtained in this way could be integrated in a global model of combustion of municipal solid waste in order to simulate the effects of operating parameters on the metal's behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
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Abanades S, Flamant G, Gauthier D, Tomas S, Huang L. Development of an inverse method to identify the kinetics of heavy metal release during waste incineration in fluidized bed. J Hazard Mater 2005; 124:19-26. [PMID: 15950377 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2005.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2004] [Revised: 04/29/2005] [Accepted: 05/04/2005] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
This paper deals with the emission of heavy metals (HM) during the incineration of municipal solid waste in a fluidized bed reactor. This study focused on the development of a general method to identify the kinetics of vaporization of heavy metals from the on-line analysis of exhaust gas. This method is an inverse method, which requires only the time evolution of the HM concentration in exhaust gases (experimental data) and a global bubbling bed model developed for transient conditions at the reactor scale. First, a lab-scale fluidized bed incinerator was set-up to simulate the HM release during the thermal treatment of metal-spiked model wastes. A specific on-line analysis system based on ICP-OES was developed to measure in real time the variation of the relative concentration of HM in exhaust gases. Then, a two-phase flow bubbling bed model was developed and validated to calculate the kinetics of vaporization of HM from its measured concentration time profile in the outlet gas. The technique was first validated with model waste (metal-spiked mineral matrices), thus enabling at each time both solid sampling for measuring the HM vaporization kinetic and on-line analysis for measuring the HM concentration in the outlet gas. The inverse method was then applied to realistic artificial wastes (derived from real wastes) to identify the HM vaporization kinetics from the on-line analysis results.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Abanades
- Processes, Materials, and Solar Energy Laboratory (PROMES-CNRS, UPR 8521), B.P.5 Odeillo, F-66125 Font-Romeu Cedex, France.
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Caldwell GW, Wu WN, Masucci JA, McKown LA, Gauthier D, Jones WJ, Leo GC, Maryanoff BE. Metabolism and excretion of the antiepileptic/antimigraine drug, topiramate in animals and humans. Eur J Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 2005; 30:151-64. [PMID: 16250251 DOI: 10.1007/bf03190614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The metabolism and excretion of 2,3:4,5-bis-O-(1-methylethylidene)-beta-D-fructopyranose sulfamate (TOPAMAX, topiramate, TPM) have been investigated in animals and humans. Radiolabeled [14C] TPM was orally administered to mice, rats, rabbits, dogs and humans. Plasma, urine and fecal samples were collected and analyzed. TPM and a total of 12 metabolites were isolated and identified in these samples. Metabolites were formed by hydroxylation at the 7- or 8-methyl of an isopropylidene of TPM followed by rearrangement, hydroxylation at the 10-methyl of the other isopropylidene, hydrolysis at the 2,3-O-isopropylidene, hydrolysis at the 4,5-O-isopropylidene, cleavage at the sulfamate group, glucuronide conjugation and sulfate conjugation. A large percentage of unchanged TPM was recovered in animal and human urine. The most dominant metabolite of TPM in mice, male rats, rabbits and dogs appeared to be formed by the hydrolysis of the 2,3-O-isopropylidene group.
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Affiliation(s)
- G W Caldwell
- Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Spring House, PA 19477, USA
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Zhou H, Abanades S, Flamant G, Gauthier D, Lu J. Predicting heavy metal vaporization dynamics in a circulating fluidized bed riser by a Lagrangian approach. POWDER TECHNOL 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2004.04.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Zhou H, Flamant G, Gauthier D, Lu J. Numerical Simulation of the Turbulent Gas–Particle Flow in a Fluidized Bed by an LES-DPM Model. Chem Eng Res Des 2004. [DOI: 10.1205/0263876041596788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Antonetti P, Flitris Y, Flamant G, Hellio H, Gauthier D, Granier B. Degradation products of the process of thermal recovery of copper from lamina scraps in lab-scale fluidized bed reactor. J Hazard Mater 2004; 108:199-206. [PMID: 15120873 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2003.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2003] [Revised: 10/27/2003] [Accepted: 12/22/2003] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
This paper presents experimental results dealing with a process for recovering copper in the scrap composite materials issued from electronic laminas industry. This environment-friendly process consists in the thermal treatment of scrap in a fluidized bed whose particles fix the harmful gases emitted by the organic glue gasification. A series of experiments was carried out in a thermobalance coupled to FTIR spectrometer and GC/MS with small lamina samples. These experiments demonstrated the thermal behavior of scrap composite materials, and identified the major degradation reaction gases. A series of experiments was performed with bigger scrap samples hung in a laboratory-scale fluidized bed coupled to FTIR and MS, at 350 degrees C; the results confirmed those obtained in thermobalance. Experiments showed that a residence time lasting less than 5 min is sufficient to recover the metallic copper, and exhaust gases are not harmful.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Antonetti
- Institut de Science et de Génie des Matériaux et Procédés, CNRS-IMP, BP 5 F-66125 Odeillo Font-Romeu Cédex, France
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Lu-shi S, Abanades S, Lu JD, Flamant G, Gauthier D. Volatilization of heavy metals during incineration of municipal solid wastes. J Environ Sci (China) 2004; 16:635-639. [PMID: 15495971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Incineration experiments with MSW, which had been impregnated with heavy metals, were presented to obtain information on the volatilization behavior of the elements cadmium(Cd), lead (Pb), and zinc (Zn) under different conditions. Experiments were carried out in a bubbling fluid bed system connected to a customized inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) for analyzing metals in the flue gas. The results indicated that the combustion temperature, the gas atmosphere, and the chlorine content in the flue gas could affect the volatilization behavior of heavy metals. In the fluidized bed combustion, a large surface area was provided by the bed sand particles, and they may act as absorbents for the gaseous ash-forming compound. Comparer with the metals Cd and Pb, the vaporization of Zn was low. The formation of stable compounds such as ZnO x Al2O3 could greatly decrease the metals volatilization. The presence of chlorine would enhance the volatilization of heavy metals by increasing the formation of metal chlorides. However, when the oxygen content was high, the chlorinating reaction was kinetically hindered, which heavy metals release would be delayed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun Lu-shi
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China.
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Maudetr C, Miller C, Bassano B, Breitenmoser-Würsten C, Gauthier D, Obexer-Ruff G, Michallet J, Taberlet P, Luikart G. Microsatellite DNA and recent statistical methods in wildlife conservation management: applications in Alpine ibex [Capra ibex(ibex)]. Mol Ecol 2002; 11:421-36. [PMID: 11928708 DOI: 10.1046/j.0962-1083.2001.01451.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
We evaluated the usefulness of microsatellites and recently developed statistical methods for the conservation management of fragmented and reintroduced populations, using the alpine ibex (Capra ibex) as a model species. First, we assessed the effects of past reintroduction programmes on genetic diversity and population differentiation considering different population sizes and histories. We show that genetic variability in ibex populations (HE 0.13) is among the lowest reported from microsatellites in mammal species, and that the Alpi Marittime-Mercantour population has suffered from a severe genetic bottleneck associated with its reintroduction. Second, using a computer-simulation approach, we provide examples and rough guidelines for translocation programmes concerning the number and origin of individuals for future reintroductions and for the reinforcement of populations with low genetic variability. Finally, we use the ibex microsatellite data to assess the usefulness of several published statistical tests for detecting population bottlenecks and assigning individuals to their population of origin. This study illustrates that microsatellites allow: (i) evaluation of alternative translocation scenarios by simulating different numbers and origins of migrants; (ii) identification of bottlenecked populations (especially using the Wilcoxon signed-ranks test); and (iii) population assignment with a high certainty (P < 0.001) of almost 100 of the individuals (or trophies or carcasses) from two distant populations (especially using stucture or whichrun software).
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Affiliation(s)
- C Maudetr
- Laboratoire de Biologie des Populations d'Altitude, CNRS UMR5553, Université Joseph Fourier, Grenoble, France.
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Abstract
A thermodynamic analysis was performed to determine whether it is suitable to predict the heavy metal (HM) speciation during the Municipal Solid Waste Incineration process. The fate of several selected metals (Cd, Pb, Zn, Cr, Hg, As, Cu, Co, Ni) during incineration was theoretically investigated. The equilibrium analysis predicted the metal partitioning during incineration and determined the impact of operating conditions (temperature and gas composition) on their speciation. The study of the gas composition influence was based on the effects of the contents of oxygen (reducing or oxidising conditions) and chlorine on the HM partitioning. The theoretical HM speciation which was calculated in a complex system representing a burning sample of Municipal Solid Waste can explain the real partitioning (obtained from literature results) of all metals among the various ashes except for Pb. Then, the results of the thermodynamic study were compared with those of characterisation of real incinerator residues, using complementary techniques (chemical extraction series and X-ray micro-analyses). These analysis were performed to determine experimentally the speciation of the three representative metals Cr, Pb, and Zn. The agreement is good for Cr and Zn but not for Pb again, which mainly shows unleachable chemical speciations in the residues. Pb tends to remain in the bottom ash whereas thermodynamics often predicts its complete volatilisation under chlorides, and thus its presence exclusively in fly ash.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Abanades
- Institut de Science et de Génie des Matériaux et Procédés, Odeillo, Font-Romeu, France.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Gauthier
- Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston 02114, USA
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Abstract
This study deals with the fundamental aspects of the volatilisation of heavy metals (HM) during municipal solid waste (MSW) incineration. The thermal treatment of a model waste was theoretically and experimentally studied in a fluid-bed. A mathematical model was developed to predict the fate of metallic species according to the main phenomena controlling the process: heat and mass transfer (transport phenomena), chemical reactions involving HM, and mechanism of vapour metal species sorption inside the porous matrix. The model assumes local thermodynamic equilibrium between the vapour and the metal compound on the substrate in the pores of a particle. This approach permits to predict the extent of HM vaporisation from a mineral porous matrix when its physical properties are known. Experimental data concerning CdCl(2) release from an alumina matrix in a 850 degrees C fluidised bed are in good agreement with theoretical results.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Abanades
- Institut de Science et de Génie des Matériaux et Procédés, CNRS-IMP, BP 5 Odeillo, 66125 Font-Romeu Cédex, France.
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Lazure C, Villemure M, Gauthier D, Naudé RJ, Mbikay M. Characterization of ostrich (Struthio camelus) beta-microseminoprotein (MSP): identification of homologous sequences in EST databases and analysis of their evolution during speciation. Protein Sci 2001; 10:2207-18. [PMID: 11604528 PMCID: PMC2374068 DOI: 10.1110/ps.06501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Beta-microseminoprotein, alternatively called prostatic secretory protein of 94 amino acids, is a hydrophilic, unglycosylated, small protein rich in conserved half-cystine residues. Originally found in human seminal plasma and prostatic fluids, its presence was later shown in numerous secretions and its homologs were described in many vertebrate species. These studies showed that this protein had rapidly evolved, but they failed to unambiguously identify its biological role. Here, we show that a protein isolated from ostrich pituitary gland is closely related to a similar one isolated from chicken serum and that the two are structurally related to the mammalian beta-microseminoprotein. The complete 90-amino acid sequence of the ostrich molecule was established through a combination of automated Edman degradation and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometric procedures, including postsource decay (PSD) and ladder sequencing analyses. This study documents for the first time that beta-microseminoprotein is present in aves. It is also the first report of a C-terminal amidated form for a member of this protein family and the first in which the disulfide linkages are established. Database searches using the herein-described amino acid sequence allowed identification of related proteins in numerous species such as cow, African clawed frog, zebrafish, and Japanese flounder. These small proteins show a strikingly high rate of amino acid substitutions, especially across phyla boundaries. Noticeably, no beta-microseminoprotein-related gene could be found in the recently completed fruit fly genome, indicating that if such a gene exists in arthropods, it must have extensively diverged from the vertebrate ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Lazure
- Laboratory of Structure and Metabolism of Neuropeptides, Institut de recherches cliniques de Montréal (affiliated with the University of Montréal), Montréal, Québec H2W 1R7, Canada.
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Hémati M, Flammant G, Steinmetz D, Gauthier D. Editorial. POWDER TECHNOL 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s0032-5910(01)00447-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Marcoux H, Lamontagne C, Cayer S, Desrochers A, Gauthier D. [The development of ethics. Identifying what training in medical ethics is needed by family physicians]. Can Fam Physician 2001; 47:1208-15. [PMID: 11421049 PMCID: PMC2018524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To identify what training in medical ethics physician teachers need. DESIGN Qualitative research study using a modified nominal group technique. SETTING Family practice units affiliated with the Department of Family Medicine at Laval University in Quebec. PARTICIPANTS Fifty-three physician teachers in six family practice units. METHOD During seven meetings, the teachers shared information on clinical situations that had posed ethical problems. Data were analyzed using Strauss and Corbin's method. MAIN OUTCOME FINDINGS The 277 clinical situations were classified under nine themes: ethics; confidentiality; consent, refusal of treatment, and the right to information; level of care and abstention from and cessation of treatment; relationships with pharmaceutical companies and the ethics of research; ethics of teaching; allocation of resources; influence of third parties; and euthanasia and assisted suicide. Learning objectives were developed. CONCLUSION This research forms the basis of the ethics curriculum in the family medicine residency program at Laval University. It also offers a strategy for integrating ethics into daily teaching activities because the learning objectives derive directly from the concerns of the teaching faculty.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Marcoux
- Département de médecine familiale, Faculté de médecine, bureau 1323, pavillon Vandry, Université Laval, Sainte-Foy, QC G1K 7P4.
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Yan R, Gauthier D, Flamant G, Peraudeau G, Lu J, Zheng C. Fate of selenium in coal combustion: volatilization and speciation in the flue gas. Environ Sci Technol 2001; 35:1406-1410. [PMID: 11348075 DOI: 10.1021/es0001005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
In light of Title I of the Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990, selenium will most probably be considered for regulation in the electric power industry. This has generated interest for removing this element from fossil-fired flue gas. This study deals with coal combustion: selenium volatilization and its speciation in the cooled flue gas were investigated to better understand its chemical behavior to validate the thermodynamic approach to such complex systems and to begin developing emission control strategies. Se volatility is influenced by several factors such as temperature, residence time, fuel type, particle size, and Se speciation of the fuels, as well as the forms of the Se inthe spiked coal/coke. Spiked coke and coal samples were burned in a thermobalance, and atomic Se and its dioxide were identified in the cooled combustion flue gas by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). A thermodynamic calculation was applied to a complex system including 54 elements and 3,200 species that describes the coal combustion. Several theoretical predictions concerning Se behavior, such as its speciation in flue gas, agreed well with experiments, which supports using thermodynamics for predicting trace element chemistry in combustion systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Yan
- Institut de Science et de Génie des Matériaux et Procédés, CNRS-IMP, Font-Romeu, France
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