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Calliari D, Lescano C, Rodríguez-Graña L. Biogeochemical functional responses to flow rate in a low order stream: implications for water quality monitoring. Environ Monit Assess 2022; 194:634. [PMID: 35922690 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-022-10242-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In running waters, the concentration of components that define water quality can be subjected to ample fluctuations quantitatively linked to flow rate. If not properly considered, such variability may hinder assessment of the evolution of water quality, of the effects of management actions, and ultimately the understanding of processes driving water quality. The functional response to flow rate was characterized for multiple biogeochemical variables in a pristine, low order stream. Variability of responses spanned between a factor of 2 and > 34, and in all cases were associated to flow rate according to one of three patterns: positive asymptotic (for variables: seston, suspended particles, total nutrients, dissolved and particulated organic matter, dissolved inorganic nitrogen), negative asymptotic (conductivity and dissolved reactive silicon), and humped (dissolved inorganic phosphorous). Building on those results, a rationale is presented for an unambiguous, cost-effective approach to water quality evaluation in running systems with predominantly diffuse sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danilo Calliari
- Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Iguá 4225 CP 11400, Montevideo, Uruguay.
| | - Carolina Lescano
- Centro Universitario Regional del Este, Universidad de la República. Ruta Nacional 15, Km 28500 CP 27000, Rocha, Uruguay
| | - Laura Rodríguez-Graña
- Centro Universitario Regional del Este, Universidad de la República. Ruta Nacional 15, Km 28500 CP 27000, Rocha, Uruguay
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2
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Soumastre M, Piccini J, Rodríguez-Gallego L, González L, Rodríguez-Graña L, Calliari D, Piccini C. Spatial and temporal dynamics and potential pathogenicity of fecal coliforms in coastal shallow groundwater wells. Environ Monit Assess 2022; 194:89. [PMID: 35022848 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-021-09672-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Access to water through shallow groundwater wells is a common practice in coastal settlements. This, coupled with a lack of planning for wastewater disposal promotes fecal contamination of groundwater and poses a threat to human health. Here, the spatial and temporal dynamics of groundwater fecal contamination was evaluated during summer and winter (2013 and 2014) in a coastal protected area having a high touristic relevance (Cabo Polonio, Uruguay). Fecal coliforms (FC) abundance in groundwater was significantly higher during summer, related to an influx of ~ 1000 tourists per day. A significant spatial autocorrelation was found in 2014, when the abundance of FC in a well was influenced by its three nearest wells (Moran and Geary tests). The applied statistical models (mixed models) indicated that total phosphorus and organic matter were the variables significantly explaining FC abundance. The risk for human health was estimated using groundwater-extracted DNA and qPCR of genes encoding for E. coli virulence factors (stx1, stx2, and eae). Potential Shiga toxin-producing enteropathogenic and enterohemorrhagic pathotypes were detected, even at FC abundances ≤ 1 CFU (100 mL-1). Moreover, we found that contaminated groundwater reached the beach, being the presence of FC in sand detected even in winter and showing its highest frequency nearby groundwater wells consistently having high FC abundance (hot spots). Altogether, the results show that fecal contamination of shallow groundwater in Cabo Polonio involves a risk for human health that intensifies during summer (associated to a significant increase of tourists). This contamination also impacts the beach, where FC can remain through the whole year.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Soumastre
- Departamento de Microbiología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable, Avenida Italia 3318, 11600, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Juan Piccini
- Instituto de Matemática Rafael Laguardia, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad de La República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Lorena Rodríguez-Gallego
- Ecología Funcional de Sistemas Acuáticos, Centro Universitario Regional del Este, Universidad de La República, Rocha, Uruguay
| | - Leticia González
- Centro Universitario Regional del Este, Universidad de La República, Rocha, Uruguay
| | - Laura Rodríguez-Graña
- Ecología Funcional de Sistemas Acuáticos, Centro Universitario Regional del Este, Universidad de La República, Rocha, Uruguay
| | - Danilo Calliari
- Ecología Funcional de Sistemas Acuáticos, Centro Universitario Regional del Este, Universidad de La República, Rocha, Uruguay
- Sección Oceanografía y Ecología Marina, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Claudia Piccini
- Departamento de Microbiología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable, Avenida Italia 3318, 11600, Montevideo, Uruguay.
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Kruk C, Martínez A, Martínez de la Escalera G, Trinchin R, Manta G, Segura AM, Piccini C, Brena B, Yannicelli B, Fabiano G, Calliari D. Rapid freshwater discharge on the coastal ocean as a mean of long distance spreading of an unprecedented toxic cyanobacteria bloom. Sci Total Environ 2021; 754:142362. [PMID: 33254935 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Cyanobacterial toxic blooms are a worldwide problem. The Río de la Plata (RdlP) basin makes up about one fourth of South America areal surface, second only to the Amazonian. Intensive agro-industrial land use and the construction of dams have led to generalized eutrophication of main tributaries and increased the intensity and duration of cyanobacteria blooms. Here we analyse the evolution of an exceptional bloom at the low RdlP basin and Atlantic coast during the summer of 2019. A large array of biological, genetic, meteorological, oceanographic and satellite data is combined to discuss the driving mechanisms. The bloom covered the whole stripe of the RdlP estuary and the Uruguayan Atlantic coasts (around 500 km) for approximately 4 months. It was caused by the Microcystis aeruginosa complex (MAC), which produces hepatotoxins (microcystin). Extreme precipitation in the upstream regions of Uruguay and Negro rivers' basins caused high water flows and discharges. The evolution of meteorological and oceanographic conditions as well as the similarity of organisms' traits in the affected area suggest that the bloom originated in eutrophic reservoirs at the lower RdlP basin, Salto Grande in the Uruguay river, and Negro river reservoirs. High temperatures and weak Eastern winds prompted the rapid dispersion of the bloom over the freshwater plume along the RdlP northern and Atlantic coasts. The long-distance rapid drift allowed active MAC organisms to inoculate freshwater bodies from the Atlantic basin, impacting environments relevant for biodiversity conservation. Climate projections for the RdlP basin suggest an increase in precipitation and river water flux, which, in conjunction with agriculture intensification and dams' construction, might turn this extraordinary event into an ordinary situation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Kruk
- Instituto de Ecología y Ciencias Ambientales, Facultad de Ciencias, UDELAR, Iguá 4225, 11400 Montevideo, Uruguay; Ecología Funcional de Sistemas Acuáticos, Centro Universitario Regional del Este (CURE), UdelaR, Ruta nacional 9 intersección con ruta 15, 27000 Rocha, Uruguay.
| | - Ana Martínez
- Dirección Nacional de Recursos Acuáticos, La Paloma, MGAP, Avenida del Puerto s/n, Puerto la Paloma, La Paloma, CP 27001, Rocha, Uruguay
| | - Gabriela Martínez de la Escalera
- Departamento de Microbiología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable, MEC, Av Italia 3318, 11600 Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Romina Trinchin
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Atmósfera, Facultad de Ciencias, UDELAR, Iguá 4225, 11400 Montevideo, Uruguay; Instituto Uruguayo de meteorología, Dr Javier Barrios Amorín 1488, 11200 Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Gastón Manta
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Atmósfera, Facultad de Ciencias, UDELAR, Iguá 4225, 11400 Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Angel M Segura
- Modelación y Análisis de Recursos Naturales, CURE, UDELAR, Ruta nacional 9 intersección con ruta 15, 27000 Rocha, Uruguay
| | - Claudia Piccini
- Departamento de Microbiología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable, MEC, Av Italia 3318, 11600 Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Beatriz Brena
- Bioquímica-DEPBIO, Facultad de Química, UDELAR, Av. Gral. Flores 2124, 11800 Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Beatriz Yannicelli
- Ecología Funcional de Sistemas Acuáticos, Centro Universitario Regional del Este (CURE), UdelaR, Ruta nacional 9 intersección con ruta 15, 27000 Rocha, Uruguay
| | - Graciela Fabiano
- Instituto de Investigaciones Pesqueras, Facultad de Veterinaria, UDELAR, Tomás Basáñez 1160, Montevideo 11400, Uruguay
| | - Danilo Calliari
- Instituto de Ecología y Ciencias Ambientales, Facultad de Ciencias, UDELAR, Iguá 4225, 11400 Montevideo, Uruguay; Ecología Funcional de Sistemas Acuáticos, Centro Universitario Regional del Este (CURE), UdelaR, Ruta nacional 9 intersección con ruta 15, 27000 Rocha, Uruguay
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Rodríguez-Graña L, Calliari D. Senescence in Acartia tonsa (Copepoda, Calanoida): male’s reproductive performance preliminary results from a southern population. INVERTEBR REPROD DEV 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/07924259.2020.1748126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Rodríguez-Graña
- Ecología Funcional de Sistemas Acuáticos, Centro Universitario Regional del Este, Universidad de la República, Rocha, Uruguay
| | - Danilo Calliari
- Ecología Funcional de Sistemas Acuáticos, Centro Universitario Regional del Este, Universidad de la República, Rocha, Uruguay
- Oceanografía y Ecología Marina, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
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Sommaruga R, Rodríguez-Graña L, Calliari D, Lercari D, Aubriot L. Legislation restricts research in Uruguay. Science 2018; 362:1008. [PMID: 30498120 DOI: 10.1126/science.aav6122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ruben Sommaruga
- Department of Ecology, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.
| | | | - Danilo Calliari
- Centro Universitario Regional del Este, Universidad de la República, Uruguay.,Sección Oceanografía y Ecología Marina, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Uruguay
| | - Diego Lercari
- UNDECIMAR, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Uruguay
| | - Luis Aubriot
- Sección Limnología, IECA, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Uruguay
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Kruk C, Segura AM, Nogueira L, Alcántara I, Calliari D, Martínez de la Escalera G, Carballo C, Cabrera C, Sarthou F, Scavone P, Piccini C. A multilevel trait-based approach to the ecological performance of Microcystis aeruginosa complex from headwaters to the ocean. Harmful Algae 2017; 70:23-36. [PMID: 29169566 DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2017.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2017] [Revised: 10/16/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The Microcystis aeruginosa complex (MAC) clusters cosmopolitan and conspicuous harmful bloom-forming cyanobacteria able to produce cyanotoxins. It is hypothesized that low temperatures and brackish salinities are the main barriers to MAC proliferation. Here, patterns at multiple levels of organization irrespective of taxonomic identity (i.e. a trait-based approach) were analyzed. MAC responses from the intracellular (e.g. respiratory activity) to the ecosystem level (e.g. blooms) were evaluated in wide environmental gradients. Experimental results on buoyancy and respiratory activity in response to increased salinity (0-35) and a literature review of maximum growth rates under different temperatures and salinities were combined with field sampling from headwaters (800km upstream) to the marine end of the Rio de la Plata estuary (Uruguay-South America). Salinity and temperature were the major variables affecting MAC responses. Experimentally, freshwater MAC cells remained active for 24h in brackish waters (salinity=15) while colonies increased their flotation velocity. At the population level, maximum growth rate decreased with salinity and presented a unimodal exponential response with temperature, showing an optimum at 27.5°C and a rapid decrease thereafter. At the community and ecosystem levels, MAC occurred from fresh to marine waters (salinity 30) with a sustained relative increase of large mucilaginous colonies biovolume with respect to individual cells. Similarly, total biomass and, specific and morphological richness decreased with salinity while blooms were only detected in freshwater both at high (33°C) and low (11°C) temperatures. In brackish waters, large mucilaginous colonies presented advantages under osmotic restrictive conditions. These traits values have also been associated with higher toxicity potential. This suggest salinity or low temperatures would not represent effective barriers for the survival and transport of potentially toxic MAC under likely near future scenarios of increasing human impacts (i.e. eutrophication, dam construction and climate change).
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Kruk
- Ecología Funcional de Sistemas Acuáticos, Centro Universitario Regional Este-Rocha, Universidad de la República, Uruguay; Sección Limnología, IECA, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Uruguay.
| | - Angel M Segura
- Modelización y Análisis de Recursos Naturales, Centro Universitario Regional Este-Rocha, Universidad de la República, Uruguay
| | - Lucía Nogueira
- Sección Limnología, IECA, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Uruguay
| | - Ignacio Alcántara
- Sección Limnología, IECA, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Uruguay; Departamento de Microbiología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable, MEC, Uruguay
| | - Danilo Calliari
- Ecología Funcional de Sistemas Acuáticos, Centro Universitario Regional Este-Rocha, Universidad de la República, Uruguay; Oceanografía, IECA, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Uruguay
| | | | - Carmela Carballo
- Ecología Funcional de Sistemas Acuáticos, Centro Universitario Regional Este-Rocha, Universidad de la República, Uruguay; Sección Limnología, IECA, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Uruguay
| | - Carolina Cabrera
- Ecología Funcional de Sistemas Acuáticos, Centro Universitario Regional Este-Rocha, Universidad de la República, Uruguay; Sección Limnología, IECA, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Uruguay
| | - Florencia Sarthou
- Ecología Funcional de Sistemas Acuáticos, Centro Universitario Regional Este-Rocha, Universidad de la República, Uruguay; Sección Limnología, IECA, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Uruguay
| | - Paola Scavone
- Departamento de Microbiología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable, MEC, Uruguay
| | - Claudia Piccini
- Departamento de Microbiología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable, MEC, Uruguay
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Segura AM, Calliari D, Lan BL, Fort H, Widdicombe CE, Harmer R, Arim M. Community fluctuations and local extinction in a planktonic food web. Ecol Lett 2017; 20:471-476. [PMID: 28239940 DOI: 10.1111/ele.12749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2016] [Revised: 11/09/2016] [Accepted: 01/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Determining statistical patterns irrespective of interacting agents (i.e. macroecology) is useful to explore the mechanisms driving population fluctuations and extinctions in natural food webs. Here, we tested four predictions of a neutral model on the distribution of community fluctuations (CF) and the distributions of persistence times (APT). Novel predictions for the food web were generated by combining (1) body size-density scaling, (2) Taylor's law and (3) low efficiency of trophic transference. Predictions were evaluated on an exceptional data set of plankton with 15 years of weekly samples encompassing c. 250 planktonic species from three trophic levels, sampled in the western English Channel. Highly symmetric non-Gaussian distributions of CF support zero-sum dynamics. Variability in CF decreased while a change from an exponential to a power law distribution of APT from basal to upper trophic positions was detected. Results suggest a predictable but profound effect of trophic position on fluctuations and extinction in natural communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Segura
- Universidad de la República, Centro Universitario Regional Este, Rocha-Maldonado, Uruguay
| | - D Calliari
- Universidad de la República, Centro Universitario Regional Este, Rocha-Maldonado, Uruguay
- Universidad de la República, Facultad de Ciencias, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - B L Lan
- Universidad de la República, Physics Institute, Complex Systems Group, Montevideo, Uruguay
- Electrical and Computer Systems Engineering, School of Engineering, Monash University, Bandar Sunway, 47500, Malaysia
| | - H Fort
- Universidad de la República, Physics Institute, Complex Systems Group, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - C E Widdicombe
- Plymouth Marine Laboratory, Prospect Place, West Hoe, Plymouth PL1 3DH, UK
| | - R Harmer
- Plymouth Marine Laboratory, Prospect Place, West Hoe, Plymouth PL1 3DH, UK
- Institut für Hydrobiologie und Fischereiwissenschaft, Universität Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - M Arim
- Universidad de la República, Centro Universitario Regional Este, Rocha-Maldonado, Uruguay
- Universidad de la República, Facultad de Ciencias, Montevideo, Uruguay
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Vögler R, Arreguín-Sánchez F, Lercari D, del Monte-Luna P, Calliari D. The effects of long-term climate variability on the trophodynamics of an estuarine ecosystem in southern South America. Ecol Modell 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2015.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Segura AM, Kruk C, Calliari D, García-Rodriguez F, Conde D, Widdicombe CE, Fort H. Competition drives clumpy species coexistence in estuarine phytoplankton. Sci Rep 2013; 3:1037. [PMID: 23301158 PMCID: PMC3539148 DOI: 10.1038/srep01037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2012] [Accepted: 12/12/2012] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the mechanisms that maintain biodiversity is a fundamental problem in ecology. Competition is thought to reduce diversity, but hundreds of microbial aquatic primary producers species coexist and compete for a few essential resources (e.g., nutrients and light). Here, we show that resource competition is a plausible mechanism for explaining clumpy distribution on individual species volume (a proxy for the niche) of estuarine phytoplankton communities ranging from North America to South America and Europe, supporting the Emergent Neutrality hypothesis. Furthermore, such a clumpy distribution was also observed throughout the Holocene in diatoms from a sediment core. A Lotka-Volterra competition model predicted position in the niche axis and functional affiliation of dominant species within and among clumps. Results support the coexistence of functionally equivalent species in ecosystems and indicate that resource competition may be a key process to shape the size structure of estuarine phytoplankton, which in turn drives ecosystem functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Segura
- Universidad de la República, Facultad de Ciencias, Oceanography and Marine Ecology, Montevideo, Uruguay.
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Segura AM, Calliari D, Kruk C, Conde D, Bonilla S, Fort H. Emergent neutrality drives phytoplankton species coexistence. Proc Biol Sci 2011; 278:2355-61. [PMID: 21177680 PMCID: PMC3119015 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2010.2464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2010] [Accepted: 11/29/2010] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanisms that drive species coexistence and community dynamics have long puzzled ecologists. Here, we explain species coexistence, size structure and diversity patterns in a phytoplankton community using a combination of four fundamental factors: organism traits, size-based constraints, hydrology and species competition. Using a 'microscopic' Lotka-Volterra competition (MLVC) model (i.e. with explicit recipes to compute its parameters), we provide a mechanistic explanation of species coexistence along a niche axis (i.e. organismic volume). We based our model on empirically measured quantities, minimal ecological assumptions and stochastic processes. In nature, we found aggregated patterns of species biovolume (i.e. clumps) along the volume axis and a peak in species richness. Both patterns were reproduced by the MLVC model. Observed clumps corresponded to niche zones (volumes) where species fitness was highest, or where fitness was equal among competing species. The latter implies the action of equalizing processes, which would suggest emergent neutrality as a plausible mechanism to explain community patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angel M Segura
- Grupo de Ecología Funcional Acuática, Sección Oceanología, Instituto de Ecología y Ciencias Ambientales, Facultad de Ciencias, P.C.11400 Montevideo, Uruguay.
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Ponsi M, Sans K, Gómez M, Calliari D. Evaluation of Culex pipiens larvae control by cyclopoid copepods in an urban cemetery of Montevideo, Uruguay. J Vector Ecol 2008; 33:212-215. [PMID: 18697327 DOI: 10.3376/1081-1710(2008)33[212:eocplc]2.0.co;2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Maite Ponsi
- Sección Entomología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Uruguay
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Calliari D, Sanz K, Martínez M, Cervetto G, Gómez M, Basso C. Comparison of the predation rate of freshwater cyclopoid copepod species on larvae of the mosquito Culex pipiens. Med Vet Entomol 2003; 17:339-342. [PMID: 12941020 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2915.2003.00444.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The predation rates of six copepod species: Acanthocyclops robustus G.O. Sars, Eucyclops neumani Pesta, Macrocyclops albidus Jurine, Mesocyclops longisetus Thibaud, Metacyclops grandis Kiefer and Metacyclops mendocinus Wierzejski (Copepoda: Cyclopidae) on mosquito larvae, Culex pipiens Linnaeus (Diptera: Culicidae) were assessed. Experiments consisted of 24-h incubations of one copepod and 10 larvae without extra food at 16 degrees C and 26 degrees C. Nine replicates were considered for each species and temperature. Predation rates (larvae per copepod per day) were: M. mendocinus (1.8), M. grandis (3.1), E. neumani (3.8), A. robustus (3.8), Ma. albidus (6.1) and Me. longisetus (7.0). There was a significant effect of both species and temperature on predation: all species experienced higher predation at 26 degrees C than at 16 degrees C, except for A. robustus whose predation rate was similar at both temperatures. These observations are consistent with previous results that point to Macrocyclops and Mesocyclops genera as important larval predators and suggest the need for field trials to evaluate the response of Ma. albidus and Me. longisetus under natural conditions in Uruguay.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Calliari
- Sección Oceanología, Departamento de Ecología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Uruguay.
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Calliari D. A method to increase attendance at mandatory classes. J Nurs Staff Dev 1996; 12:213-5. [PMID: 8936167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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Abstract
This article presents a descriptive study that investigates the relationship between pass/fail scores on a medication test given to registered nurses in orientation and medication errors made on nursing units. Medication errors made during a 3-year period of time were reviewed to determine number of errors made and the nurses who made the errors. Pass/fail scores from the medication test given in orientation were checked to see whether the nurses who made the errors had passed or failed the test. Chi square, t test, and multiple regression analysis were used to evaluate the data. Results showed that nurses who failed the medication test were more likely to make medication errors than nurses who had passed the medication test.
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Calliari D, Mark MC. Management of cardiopulmonary arrest in the rehabilitation setting. Rehabil Nurs 1992; 17:76-9. [PMID: 1553420 DOI: 10.1002/j.2048-7940.1992.tb01516.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Life-threatening cardiac and respiratory arrests are stressful emergency situations. Nurses may be anxious and unsure of what needs to be done if their roles are not clearly defined. This article describes a system one rehabilitation hospital uses when responding to arrests, reviews the steps in basic cardiopulmonary resuscitation, and presents an algorithm of a cardiopulmonary arrest.
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Calliari D. Administrative perspectives on care of patients with AIDS. Top Clin Nurs 1984; 6:72-5. [PMID: 6564822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
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