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Love DC, Asche F, Fry J, Nguyen L, Gephart J, Garlock TM, Jenkins LD, Anderson JL, Brown M, Viglia S, Nussbaumer EM, Neff R. Aquatic food loss and waste rate in the United States is half of earlier estimates. Nat Food 2023; 4:1058-1069. [PMID: 38093119 PMCID: PMC10727981 DOI: 10.1038/s43016-023-00881-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
Food loss and waste (FLW) is a major challenge to food system sustainability, including aquatic foods. We investigated aquatic FLW in the food supply of the United States, the largest importer of aquatic food globally, using primary and secondary data and life cycle methodology. We show that there are significant differences in FLW among species, production technology, origin and stage of supply chain. We estimate total aquatic FLW was 22.7%, which is 43-55% lower than earlier estimates reported in the literature, illustrating the importance of applying a disaggregated approach. Production losses associated with imported food contribute over a quarter of total FLW, and addressing these losses requires multinational efforts to implement interventions along the supply chain. These findings inform prioritization of solutions-including areas of need for innovations, government incentives, policy change, infrastructure and equity.
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Affiliation(s)
- David C Love
- Johns Hopkins Center for a Livable Future, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Frank Asche
- School of Forest, Fisheries and Geomatics Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Department of Safety, Economics and Planning, University of Stavanger, Stavanger, Norway
| | - Jillian Fry
- Department of Health Sciences, College of Health Professions, Towson University, Towson, MD, USA
| | - Ly Nguyen
- Food and Resource Economics Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Jessica Gephart
- Department of Environmental Science, American University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Taryn M Garlock
- School of Forest, Fisheries and Geomatics Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- School of Fisheries, Aquaculture, and Aquatic Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Lekelia D Jenkins
- School for the Future of Innovation in Society, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - James L Anderson
- Center for Environmental Policy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Mark Brown
- Center for Environmental Policy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Silvio Viglia
- Center for Environmental Policy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- ENEA, Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development, Casaccia Research Centre, Rome, Italy
| | - Elizabeth M Nussbaumer
- Johns Hopkins Center for a Livable Future, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Roni Neff
- Johns Hopkins Center for a Livable Future, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Basak Tukun A, Rowe S, Johnson LK, Love DC, Belury M, Conrad Z. Micronutrient intake from three popular diet patterns in the United States: modeled replacement of foods highest in added sugar and sodium using the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2005-2018. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1217774. [PMID: 37908301 PMCID: PMC10614668 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1217774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Fifty-two percent of adults in the United States reported following a popular diet pattern in 2022, yet there is limited information on daily micronutrient intakes associated with these diet patterns. The objective of the present study was to model the impact on micronutrient intake when foods highest in added sugar and sodium were replaced with healthier alternatives to align with the Dietary Guidelines for Americans recommendations. Methods Dietary data were acquired from 34,411 adults ≥ 20 y in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2005-2018. The National Cancer Institute methodology was used to estimate usual dietary intake at baseline of 17 micronutrients using information from up to two dietary recalls per person. A food substitution model was used to evaluate the impact on micronutrient intake when three servings of foods highest in added sugar and sodium were substituted with healthier alternatives. Results Dietary modeling to replace foods highest in added sugar with healthier alternatives increased the mean intake of fat-soluble vitamins (0.15% for vitamin A to 4.28% for vitamin K), most water-soluble vitamins (0.01% for vitamin B1 to 12.09% for vitamin C), and most minerals (0.01% for sodium to 4.44% for potassium) across all diet patterns. Replacing foods highest in sodium had mixed effects on the mean intake of micronutrients. The intake of most fatsoluble vitamins increased by 1.37-6.53% (particularly vitamin A and D), yet while the intake of some water-soluble vitamins and minerals increased by 0.18-2.64% (particularly vitamin B2, calcium, and iron) others decreased by 0.56-10.38% (notably vitamin B3 and B6, magnesium, sodium, and potassium). Discussion Modeled replacement of foods highest in added sugar led to more favorable changes in mean micronutrient intake compared to modeled replacement of foods highest in sodium. Due to the composite nature of mixed dishes that include multiple ingredients, food substitutions may result in both favorable and unfavorable changes in micronutrient intake. These findings highlight the challenges of making singleitem food substitutions to increase micronutrient intake and call for further research to evaluate optimal combinations of replacement foods to maximize the intake of all micronutrients simultaneously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avonti Basak Tukun
- OSU Nutrition Interdisciplinary Graduate Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Sarah Rowe
- College of Arts and Sciences, William & Mary, Williamsburg, VA, United States
| | | | - David C. Love
- Johns Hopkins Center for a Livable Future, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Martha Belury
- Department of Food Science and Technology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Zach Conrad
- Department of Kinesiology, William & Mary, Williamsburg, VA, United States
- Global Research Institute, William & Mary, Williamsburg, VA, United States
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Ramsing R, Santo R, Kim BF, Altema-Johnson D, Wooden A, Chang KB, Semba RD, Love DC. Dairy and Plant-Based Milks: Implications for Nutrition and Planetary Health. Curr Environ Health Rep 2023; 10:291-302. [PMID: 37300651 PMCID: PMC10504201 DOI: 10.1007/s40572-023-00400-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Dairy milk products are dominant in the market; however, plant-based milks are gaining prominence among USA consumers. Many questions remain about how plant-based milk products compare to dairy milk from a nutrition, public health, and planetary health perspective. Here, we compare the retail sales, nutrient profiles, and known health and environmental impacts of the production and consumption of dairy and plant-based milks and identify knowledge gaps for future studies. For our plant-based milk comparisons, we reviewed almond, soy, oat, coconut, rice, pea, cashew, and other plant-based milks as data were available. RECENT FINDINGS The retail unit price of plant-based milks was generally higher than that of cow's milk, making it less accessible to lower-income groups. Many plant-based milks are fortified to match the micronutrient profile of dairy milk more closely. Notable differences remained, especially in protein, zinc, and potassium, depending on the base ingredient and individual product. Some plant-based milks contain added sugar to improve flavor. Plant-based milks were generally associated with lower environmental impacts (e.g., greenhouse gas emissions, water use) than cow's milk, with the notable exception of the higher water footprint of almond milk. This review of recent studies and consumer purchases confirmed that retail sales of plant-based milks are increasing and shifting among products. Further research is needed to better characterize the environmental impacts of newer plant-based milks, such as cashew, hemp, and pea milks; consumer attitudes and behavior towards plant-based milks; and the safety and potential health effects related to their long-term and more frequent consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Ramsing
- Johns Hopkins Center for a Livable Future, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Raychel Santo
- Johns Hopkins Center for a Livable Future, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Brent F Kim
- Johns Hopkins Center for a Livable Future, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Daphene Altema-Johnson
- Johns Hopkins Center for a Livable Future, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Alyssa Wooden
- Johns Hopkins Center for a Livable Future, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Kenjin B Chang
- Johns Hopkins Center for a Livable Future, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Human Centered Design, College of Human Ecology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Richard D Semba
- Johns Hopkins Center for a Livable Future, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - David C Love
- Johns Hopkins Center for a Livable Future, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Conrad Z, Drewnowski A, Love DC. Greater adherence to the Dietary Guidelines for Americans is associated with lower diet-related greenhouse gas emissions but higher costs. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1220016. [PMID: 37599695 PMCID: PMC10433380 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1220016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Few studies have evaluated the sustainability of popular diet patterns in the US, which limits policy action and impedes consumer efficacy to make sustainable dietary changes. This study filled this gap by evaluating the relationship between diet quality, greenhouse gas emissions (GHGE), and diet cost for plant-based, restricted carbohydrate, low grain, low fat, and time restricted diet patterns. Methods Dietary data were retrieved from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2011-2018, n = 8,146) and linked with data on GHGE and food prices from publicly available databases. Diet quality was measured using the Healthy Eating Index-2015. The present study (1) compared the mean diet quality, GHGE, and diet cost between diet patterns, (2) evaluated the association of diet quality to GHGE and diet cost for each diet pattern, and (3) estimated the contribution of food sources to GHGE and diet cost for each diet pattern. Results Higher diet quality was associated with lower GHGE for the general population and for most diet patterns (p < 0.01) except for the plant-based and time restricted diet patterns (p > 0.05). Higher diet quality was associated with higher cost for the general population and for all dietary patterns (p < 0.01) except the time restricted diet pattern (p > 0.05). Protein foods, mostly beef, accounted for the largest share of GHGE (29-40%) and diet cost (28-47%) for all diet patterns except plant-based. Discussion Higher diet quality was associated with lower GHGE but was often accompanied by higher diet cost. These sustainability trade-offs can help inform major policy discussions in the US and shed light on further research needs in the area of food systems transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zach Conrad
- Department of Kinesiology, William & Mary, Williamsburg, VA, United States
- Global Research Institute, William & Mary, Williamsburg, VA, United States
| | - Adam Drewnowski
- Center for Public Health Nutrition, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - David C. Love
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Center for a Livable Future, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
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5
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Conrad Z, Drewnowski A, Belury MA, Love DC. Greenhouse gas emissions, cost, and diet quality of specific diet patterns in the United States. Am J Clin Nutr 2023:S0002-9165(23)46847-5. [PMID: 37075848 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajcnut.2023.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Major policy agendas are calling for accelerated investment in research that addresses the impact of diet patterns on multiple domains of sustainability. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the comparative greenhouse gas emissions, diet cost, and diet quality of plant-based, low grain, restricted carbohydrate, low fat, and time restricted diet patterns on a daily per capita basis. DESIGN Dietary data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2013-2016, n=4,025) were merged with data on greenhouse gas emissions (GHGE) and food prices from multiple databases. The Healthy Eating Index-2015 was used to measure diet quality. RESULTS The plant-based diet pattern had the lowest GHGE (3.5 kg CO2eq, 95% CI: 3.3, 3.8 kg CO2eq) and among the lowest diet cost ($11.51, 95% CI: $10.67, $12.41), but diet quality (45.8, 95% CI: 43.3, 48.5) was similar (P>0.005) to most other diet patterns. All of the sustainability impacts of the low grain diet pattern were intermediate. The restricted carbohydrate diet pattern had the highest diet cost ($18.46, 95% CI: $17.80, $19.13) but intermediate diet quality (46.8, 95% CI: 45.7, 47.9) and moderate-to-high GHGE (5.7 kg CO2eq, 95% CI: 5.4, 5.9 kg CO2eq). The low fat diet pattern had the highest diet quality (52.0, 95% CI: 50.8, 53.1) and intermediate GHGE (4.4 kg CO2eq, 95% CI: 4.1, 4.6 kg CO2eq) and diet cost ($14.53, 95% CI: $13.73, $15.38). The time restricted diet pattern had among the lowest diet quality score (42.6, 95% CI: 40.8, 44.6), had GHGE similar to most other diet patterns (4.6 kg CO2eq, 95% CI: 4.2, 5.0 kg CO2eq), and low-to-moderate diet cost ($12.34, 95% CI: $11.38, $13.40). CONCLUSIONS Most diet patterns were associated with sustainability trade-offs. The nature of those trade-offs can help inform discussions on food and nutrition policy in the US, including the National Strategy on Hunger, Nutrition, and Health, and future Dietary Guidelines for Americans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zach Conrad
- Department of Kinesiology, William & Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23185, USA; Global Research Institute, William & Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23185, USA.
| | - Adam Drewnowski
- Center for Public Health Nutrition, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
| | - Martha A Belury
- Program of Human Nutrition, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43221, USA.
| | - David C Love
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21202, USA; Center for a Livable Future, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
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Rowe S, Tukun AB, Johnson LK, Love DC, Belury MA, Conrad Z. Consumption of Key Food Groups by Individuals Consuming Popular Diet Patterns: Mixed Effects of Replacing Foods High in Added Sugar, Sodium, Saturated Fat, and Refined Grains. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14245226. [PMID: 36558385 PMCID: PMC9783956 DOI: 10.3390/nu14245226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Adults in the United States are increasingly following 'popular' diet patterns that restrict food groups, macronutrients, or eating time. However, the intake of food groups associated with these diet patterns has not been well characterized. The objectives of this study were to (1) characterize the mean intake of food groups among consumers of popular diet patterns in the US, and (2) model the effect of targeted food substitutions on the intake of food groups. Data were acquired from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2005-2018 (n = 34,411). A diet model was developed to assess the effects of replacing one serving each of foods highest in added sugar, sodium, saturated fat, and refined grains with healthy alternatives on the intake of key food groups for each diet pattern. Modeled replacement resulted in increased intake of fruit and whole grains and decreased intake of dairy for most diet patterns, while the effects on the intake of vegetables, protein foods, and oils were variable across diet patterns. The complexity of the natural eating environment, in which many people consume mixed dishes that include both healthy and less healthy ingredients, produces a challenge for health professionals when providing dietary counseling. Nevertheless, this substitution approach may help improve adherence to dietary guidelines, especially if used as a steppingstone for further dietary improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Rowe
- College of Arts & Sciences, William & Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23185, USA
| | - Avonti Basak Tukun
- Program of Human Nutrition, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43221, USA
| | | | - David C. Love
- Johns Hopkins Center for a Livable Future, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21202, USA
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Martha A. Belury
- Program of Human Nutrition, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43221, USA
| | - Zach Conrad
- Department of Kinesiology, William & Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23185, USA
- Global Research Institute, William & Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23185, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-757-221-2037
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Conrad Z, Cyril A, Kowalski C, Jackson E, Hendrickx B, Lan JJ, McDowell A, Salesses M, Love DC, Wiipongwii T, Zhang FF, Blackstone NT. Diet Sustainability Analyses Can Be Improved With Updates to the Food Commodity Intake Database. Front Nutr 2022; 9:868485. [PMID: 35832053 PMCID: PMC9271970 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.868485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Diet sustainability analyses inform policymaking decisions and provide clinicians and consumers with evidence-based information to make dietary changes. In the United States, the Food Commodity Intake Database (FCID) provides a crosswalk for integrating nationally representative data on food intake from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) with data on sustainability outcomes from other publicly available databases. However, FCID has not been updated since 2010 and does not link with contemporary NHANES data, which limits further advancements in sustainability research. This study fills this research gap by establishing novel linkages between FCID and NHANES 2011-2018, comparing daily per capita food intake with and without these linkages, and making these data publicly available for use by other researchers. To update FCID, two investigators independently established novel data linkages, a third investigator resolved discrepancies, and a fourth investigator audited linkages for accuracy. Dietary data were acquired from nearly 45,000 adults from 2001 to 2018, and food intake was compared between updated vs. non-updated FCID versions. Total food intake from 2011 to 2018 was 5-23% higher using the updated FCID compared to the non-updated version, and intake was over 100% higher in some years for some food categories including poultry, eggs, legumes, starchy vegetables, and tropical oils (P < 0.001 for all comparisons). Further efforts may be needed to create new food composition data to reflect new products and reformulations that enter the food supply over time. This study removes a barrier to further diet sustainability analyses by establishing a data crosswalk between contemporary NHANES and other publicly available databases on agricultural resource use, environmental impacts, and consumer food expenditures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zach Conrad
- Department of Kinesiology, William & Mary, Williamsburg, VA, United States
- Global Research Institute, William & Mary, Williamsburg, VA, United States
| | - Ashley Cyril
- College of Arts and Sciences, William & Mary, Williamsburg, VA, United States
| | - Corina Kowalski
- College of Arts and Sciences, William & Mary, Williamsburg, VA, United States
| | - Erin Jackson
- Division of Agriculture, Food, and Environment, Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Brittany Hendrickx
- College of Arts and Sciences, William & Mary, Williamsburg, VA, United States
| | - Jessie Jie Lan
- Division of Nutritional Epidemiology and Data Science, Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Acree McDowell
- College of Arts and Sciences, William & Mary, Williamsburg, VA, United States
| | - Meredith Salesses
- College of Arts and Sciences, William & Mary, Williamsburg, VA, United States
| | - David C. Love
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Center for a Livable Future, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Troy Wiipongwii
- Global Research Institute, William & Mary, Williamsburg, VA, United States
| | - Fang Fang Zhang
- Division of Nutritional Epidemiology and Data Science, Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Nicole Tichenor Blackstone
- Division of Agriculture, Food, and Environment, Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA, United States
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Love DC, Thorne-Lyman AL, Conrad Z, Gephart JA, Asche F, Godo-Solo D, McDowell A, Nussbaumer EM, Bloem MW. Affordability influences nutritional quality of seafood consumption among income and race/ethnicity groups in the United States. Am J Clin Nutr 2022; 116:415-425. [PMID: 35691612 PMCID: PMC9348982 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqac099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The 2020 US Dietary Guidelines for Americans recommend that the US population consume more seafood. Most analyses of seafood consumption ignore heterogeneity in consumption patterns by species, nutritional content, production methods, and price, which have implications for applying recommendations. OBJECTIVES We assessed seafood intake among adults by socioeconomic and demographic groups, as well as the cost of seafood at retail to identify affordable and nutritious options. METHODS NHANES 2011-2018 dietary data (n = 17,559 total, n = 3285 eating seafood) were used to assess adult (≥20 y) intake of seafood in relation to income and race/ethnicity. Multivariable linear regression assessed the association between seafood consumption and income, adjusted for age, sex, and race/ethnicity, and the association between nutrients and seafood price, using Nielsen 2017-2019 retail sales data, adjusted for sales volume. RESULTS Low-income groups consume slightly less seafood than high-income groups [low income: mean 120.2 (95% CI: 103.5, 137.2) g/wk; high income: 141.8 (119.1, 164.1) g/wk] but substantially less seafood that is high in long-chain n-3 (ω-3) PUFAs [lower income: 21.3 (17.3, 25.5) g/wk; higher income: 46.8 (35.4, 57.8) g/wk]. Intake rates, species, and production method choices varied by race/ethnicity groups and within race/ethnicity groups by income. Retail seafood as a whole costs more than other protein foods (e.g., meat, poultry, eggs, beans), and fresh seafood high in n-3 PUFAs costs more (P < 0.002) than fresh seafood low in n-3 PUFAs. Retail seafood is available in a wide range of price points and product forms, and some lower-cost fish and shellfish were high in n-3 PUFAs, calcium, iron, selenium, and vitamins B-12 and D. CONCLUSIONS New insights into the relation between seafood affordability and consumption patterns among income and ethnicity groups suggest that specific policies and interventions may be needed to enhance the consumption of seafood by different groups.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andrew L Thorne-Lyman
- Johns Hopkins Center for a Livable Future, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA,Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA,Center for Human Nutrition, Department of International Health, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Zach Conrad
- Department of Kinesiology, William & Mary, Williamsburg, VA, USA,Global Research Institute, William & Mary, Williamsburg, VA, USA
| | - Jessica A Gephart
- Department of Environmental Science, American University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Frank Asche
- School of Forest, Fisheries and Geomatics Sciences and Food Systems Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA,Department of Safety, Economics and Planning, University of Stavanger, Stavanger, Norway
| | - Dakoury Godo-Solo
- Department of Environmental Science, American University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Acree McDowell
- Department of Kinesiology, William & Mary, Williamsburg, VA, USA,Department of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Elizabeth M Nussbaumer
- Johns Hopkins Center for a Livable Future, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA,Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Martin W Bloem
- Johns Hopkins Center for a Livable Future, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA,Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Stoll JS, Oldach EJ, Witkin T, Reardon K, Love DC, Pinto da Silva P. Rapid adaptation to crisis events: Insights from the bait crisis in the Maine lobster fishery. Ambio 2022; 51:926-942. [PMID: 34523080 PMCID: PMC8439535 DOI: 10.1007/s13280-021-01617-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Revised: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Climate change, overfishing, and other anthropogenic drivers are forcing marine resource users and decision makers to adapt-often rapidly. In this article we introduce the concept of pathways to rapid adaptation to crisis events to bring attention to the double-edged role that institutions play in simultaneously enabling and constraining swift responses to emerging crises. To develop this concept, we draw on empirical evidence from a case study of the iconic Maine lobster (Homarus americanus) industry. In the Gulf of Maine, the availability of Atlantic herring (Clupea harengus) stock, a key source of bait in the Maine lobster industry, declined sharply. We investigate the patterns of bait use in the fishery over an 18-year period (2002-2019) and how the lobster industry was able to abruptly adapt to the decline of locally-sourced herring in 2019 that came to be called the bait crisis. We found that adaptation strategies to the crisis were diverse, largely uncoordinated, and imperfectly aligned, but ultimately led to a system-level shift towards a more diverse and globalized bait supply. This shift was enabled by existing institutions and hastened an evolution in the bait system that was already underway, as opposed to leading to system transformation. We suggest that further attention to raceways may be useful in understanding how and, in particular, why marine resource users and coastal communities adapt in particular ways in the face of shocks and crises.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua S. Stoll
- School of Marine Sciences, University of Maine, Orono, ME 04469 USA
| | - Eliza J. Oldach
- Center for Environmental Policy and Behavior, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA
| | - Taylor Witkin
- School of Marine Sciences, University of Maine, Orono, ME 04469 USA
| | - Kathleen Reardon
- Maine Department of Marine Resources, West Boothbay Harbor, ME 04575 USA
| | - David C. Love
- Center for a Livable Future, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21202 USA
| | - Patricia Pinto da Silva
- Northeast Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA
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10
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Asche F, Yang B, Gephart JA, Smith MD, Anderson JL, Camp EV, Garlock TM, Love DC, Oglend A, Straume HM. China's seafood imports-Not for domestic consumption? Science 2022; 375:386-388. [PMID: 35084951 DOI: 10.1126/science.abl4756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
[Figure: see text].
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Asche
- School of Forest, Fisheries, and Geomatics Sciences and Food Systems Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.,Department of Safety, Economics and Planning, University of Stavanger, Stavanger, Norway
| | - Bixuan Yang
- Food and Resource Economics Department and Food Systems Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Jessica A Gephart
- Department of Environmental Science, American University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Martin D Smith
- Nicholas School of the Environment and Department of Economics, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - James L Anderson
- Food and Resource Economics Department and Food Systems Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Edward V Camp
- School of Forest, Fisheries, and Geomatics Sciences and Food Systems Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Taryn M Garlock
- School of Forest, Fisheries, and Geomatics Sciences and Food Systems Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - David C Love
- Johns Hopkins Center for a Livable Future and Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Atle Oglend
- Department of Safety, Economics and Planning, University of Stavanger, Stavanger, Norway
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11
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Love DC, Allison EH, Asche F, Belton B, Cottrell RS, Froehlich HE, Gephart JA, Hicks CC, Little DC, Nussbaumer EM, Pinto da Silva P, Poulain F, Rubio A, Stoll JS, Tlusty MF, Thorne-Lyman AL, Troell M, Zhang W. Emerging COVID-19 impacts, responses, and lessons for building resilience in the seafood system. Glob Food Sec 2021; 28:100494. [PMID: 34513582 PMCID: PMC8417121 DOI: 10.1016/j.gfs.2021.100494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic and subsequent lockdowns are creating health and economic crises that threaten food and nutrition security. The seafood sector provides important sources of nutrition and employment, especially in low-income countries, and is highly globalized allowing shocks to propagate. We studied COVID-19-related disruptions, impacts, and responses to the seafood sector from January through May 2020, using a food system resilience 'action cycle' framework as a guide. We find that some supply chains, market segments, companies, small-scale actors and civil society have shown initial signs of greater resilience than others. COVID-19 has also highlighted the vulnerability of certain groups working in- or dependent on the seafood sector. We discuss early coping and adaptive responses combined with lessons from past shocks that could be considered when building resilience in the sector. We end with strategic research needs to support learning from COVID-19 impacts and responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- David C Love
- Center for a Livable Future, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21202, USA.,Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | | | - Frank Asche
- Food Systems Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611-057, USA.,Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, School of Forest Resources and Conservation, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611-057, USA.,Department of Safety, Economics and Planning, University of Stavanger, 4036, Stavanger, Norway
| | - Ben Belton
- WorldFish, Bayan Lepas, Pulau Pinang, 11960, Malaysia.,Department of Agricultural, Food and Resource Economics, Michigan State University, MI, USA
| | - Richard S Cottrell
- National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, 93101, USA.,Centre for Marine Socioecology, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
| | - Halley E Froehlich
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Marine Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA.,Environmental Studies, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA
| | - Jessica A Gephart
- Department of Environmental Science, American University, Washington DC, 20016, USA
| | - Christina C Hicks
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA14YW, UK
| | - David C Little
- Institute of Aquaculture, University of Stirling, Stirling, FK94LA, Scotland, UK
| | - Elizabeth M Nussbaumer
- Center for a Livable Future, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21202, USA.,Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Patricia Pinto da Silva
- NOAA Fisheries, Northeast Fisheries Science Center, 166 Water Street, Woods Hole, MA, 02543, USA
| | - Florence Poulain
- Fisheries and Aquaculture Officer, Fisheries and Aquaculture Division, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Joshua S Stoll
- School of Marine Sciences, University of Maine, Orono, ME, 04469, USA
| | - Michael F Tlusty
- School for the Environment, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, MA, 02125, USA
| | - Andrew L Thorne-Lyman
- Center for a Livable Future, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21202, USA.,Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.,Center for Human Nutrition, Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Max Troell
- Beijer Institute of Ecological Economics, The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, 104 05, Stockholm, Sweden.,Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University, 106 91, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Wenbo Zhang
- College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
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12
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Love DC, Turvey C, Harding J, Young R, Ramsing R, F Tlusty M, Fry JP, Nguyen L, Asche F, Nussbaumer EM, Thorne-Lyman AL, Bloem M. Nutrition and origin of US chain restaurant seafood. Am J Clin Nutr 2021; 113:1546-1555. [PMID: 33693458 PMCID: PMC8168351 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqaa437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Seafood has a nutritional profile that can be beneficial to human health, which gives it a role to play in healthy diets. In addition, because its production and harvesting can have fewer environmental impacts than some forms of animal protein, it can contribute to sustainable diets. However, the positive health and environmental outcomes are not guaranteed-they depend on how seafood is prepared and served and whether it is sourced from sustainable fisheries and aquaculture industries. OBJECTIVES We examined the availability and nutritional attributes of seafood meals at chain restaurants in the United States. We assessed nutritional attributes by store type and geography. We also assessed menu labeling for species, production methods, and origin. METHODS The study population was 159 chain restaurants with 100,948 branch locations in the United States. Data were harvested from online restaurant menus, and the nutritional profile of seafood meals was calculated. RESULTS The average seafood menu item provides up to 49-61% of the total daily limit of saturated fat, 65% of the total daily limit of sodium, and 58-71% of total daily protein requirement for adult men and women. Restaurant chains located in the Deep South and Ohio River Valley, and casual dining chains nationally, carry seafood meals with more total calories and saturated fat per 100 g than other regions or chain types. Most menu items did not list origin or production methods, which is information that would help consumers make informed decisions. CONCLUSIONS The added ingredients and cooking methods used at chain restaurants can attenuate the health benefits of seafood. We recommend reformulating menus to reduce portion sizes, total calories, added fat, and sodium content per meal and to improve consumer-facing information about origin and production methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- David C Love
- Center for a Livable Future, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Catherine Turvey
- Center for a Livable Future, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- The George Washington University, Milken Institute School of Public Health, Washington DC, USA
| | - Jamie Harding
- Center for a Livable Future, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ruth Young
- Center for a Livable Future, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of International Health, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Rebecca Ramsing
- Center for a Livable Future, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Michael F Tlusty
- School for the Environment, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jillian P Fry
- Department of Health Sciences, Towson University, Towson, MD, USA
| | - Ly Nguyen
- Food Systems Institute and School of Forest Resources and Conservation, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Frank Asche
- Food Systems Institute and School of Forest Resources and Conservation, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Department of Industrial Economics, University of Stavanger, Stavanger, Norway
| | - Elizabeth M Nussbaumer
- Center for a Livable Future, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Andrew L Thorne-Lyman
- Center for a Livable Future, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of International Health, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Martin Bloem
- Center for a Livable Future, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
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13
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Coffman VR, Hall DJ, Pisanic N, Love DC, Nadimpalli M, McCormack M, Diener‐West M, Davis MF, Heaney CD. Self-reported work activities, eye, nose, and throat symptoms, and respiratory health outcomes among an industrial hog operation worker cohort, North Carolina, USA. Am J Ind Med 2021; 64:403-413. [PMID: 33616247 DOI: 10.1002/ajim.23236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2020] [Revised: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Respiratory disease among industrial hog operation (IHO) workers is well documented; however, it remains unclear whether specific work activities are more harmful and if personal protective equipment (PPE), as used by workers, can reduce adverse health outcomes. METHODS IHO workers (n = 103) completed baseline and up to eight bi-weekly study visits. Workers reported typical (baseline) and transient (bi-weekly) work activities, PPE use, and physical health symptoms. Baseline and longitudinal associations were assessed using generalized logistic and fixed-effects logistic regression models, respectively. RESULTS At baseline, reports of ever versus never drawing pig blood, applying pesticides, and increasing years worked at any IHO were positively associated with reports of eye, nose, and/or throat irritation. Over time, transient exposures, associated with dustiness in barns, cleaning of barns, and pig contact were associated with increased odds of sneezing, headache, and eye or nose irritation, particularly in the highest categories of exposure. When PPE was used, workers had lower odds of symptoms interfering with sleep (odds ratio [OR]: 0.1; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.01-0.8), and eye or nose irritation (OR: 0.1; 95% CI: 0.02-0.9). Similarly, when they washed their hands eight times or more per shift (median frequency) versus less frequently, the odds of any respiratory symptom were reduced (OR: 0.3; 95% CI: 0.1-0.8). CONCLUSIONS In this healthy volunteer worker population, increasingly unfavorable IHO activities were associated with self-reported eye, nose, throat, and respiratory health symptoms. Strong protective associations were seen between PPE use and handwashing and the odds of symptoms, warranting further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa R. Coffman
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics University of Illinois at Chicago Chicago Illinois USA
| | - Devon J. Hall
- Rural Empowerment Association for Community Help (REACH) Warsaw North Carolina USA
| | - Nora Pisanic
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health Johns Hopkins University Baltimore Maryland USA
| | - David C. Love
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health Johns Hopkins University Baltimore Maryland USA
- Johns Hopkins Center for a Livable Future, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health Johns Hopkins University Baltimore Maryland USA
| | - Maya Nadimpalli
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Tufts University Medford Massachusetts USA
- Stuart B. Levy Center for Integrated Management of Antimicrobial Resistance (Levy CIMAR) Tufts University Boston Massachusetts USA
| | - Meredith McCormack
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health Johns Hopkins University Baltimore Maryland USA
- School of Medicine Johns Hopkins University Baltimore Maryland USA
- Johns Hopkins Center for Global Health Johns Hopkins University Baltimore Maryland USA
| | - Marie Diener‐West
- Johns Hopkins Center for Global Health Johns Hopkins University Baltimore Maryland USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health Johns Hopkins University Baltimore Maryland USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health Johns Hopkins University Baltimore Maryland USA
- Johns Hopkins School of Nursing Baltimore Maryland USA
- Johns Hopkins Center for Clinical Trials and Evidence Synthesis, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health Johns Hopkins University Baltimore Maryland USA
| | - Meghan F. Davis
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health Johns Hopkins University Baltimore Maryland USA
- Johns Hopkins Center for a Livable Future, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health Johns Hopkins University Baltimore Maryland USA
- School of Medicine Johns Hopkins University Baltimore Maryland USA
| | - Christopher D. Heaney
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health Johns Hopkins University Baltimore Maryland USA
- Johns Hopkins Center for a Livable Future, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health Johns Hopkins University Baltimore Maryland USA
- Johns Hopkins Center for Global Health Johns Hopkins University Baltimore Maryland USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health Johns Hopkins University Baltimore Maryland USA
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health Johns Hopkins University Baltimore Maryland USA
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14
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Love DC, Allison EH, Asche F, Belton B, Cottrell RS, Froehlich HE, Gephart JA, Hicks CC, Little DC, Nussbaumer EM, Pinto da Silva P, Poulain F, Rubio A, Stoll JS, Tlusty MF, Thorne-Lyman AL, Troell M, Zhang W. Emerging COVID-19 impacts, responses, and lessons for building resilience in the seafood system. Glob Food Sec 2021. [PMID: 34513582 DOI: 10.31235/osf.io/x8aew] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic and subsequent lockdowns are creating health and economic crises that threaten food and nutrition security. The seafood sector provides important sources of nutrition and employment, especially in low-income countries, and is highly globalized allowing shocks to propagate. We studied COVID-19-related disruptions, impacts, and responses to the seafood sector from January through May 2020, using a food system resilience 'action cycle' framework as a guide. We find that some supply chains, market segments, companies, small-scale actors and civil society have shown initial signs of greater resilience than others. COVID-19 has also highlighted the vulnerability of certain groups working in- or dependent on the seafood sector. We discuss early coping and adaptive responses combined with lessons from past shocks that could be considered when building resilience in the sector. We end with strategic research needs to support learning from COVID-19 impacts and responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- David C Love
- Center for a Livable Future, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21202, USA
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | | | - Frank Asche
- Food Systems Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611-057, USA
- Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, School of Forest Resources and Conservation, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611-057, USA
- Department of Safety, Economics and Planning, University of Stavanger, 4036, Stavanger, Norway
| | - Ben Belton
- WorldFish, Bayan Lepas, Pulau Pinang, 11960, Malaysia
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Resource Economics, Michigan State University, MI, USA
| | - Richard S Cottrell
- National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, 93101, USA
- Centre for Marine Socioecology, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
| | - Halley E Froehlich
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Marine Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA
- Environmental Studies, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA
| | - Jessica A Gephart
- Department of Environmental Science, American University, Washington DC, 20016, USA
| | - Christina C Hicks
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA14YW, UK
| | - David C Little
- Institute of Aquaculture, University of Stirling, Stirling, FK94LA, Scotland, UK
| | - Elizabeth M Nussbaumer
- Center for a Livable Future, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21202, USA
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Patricia Pinto da Silva
- NOAA Fisheries, Northeast Fisheries Science Center, 166 Water Street, Woods Hole, MA, 02543, USA
| | - Florence Poulain
- Fisheries and Aquaculture Officer, Fisheries and Aquaculture Division, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Joshua S Stoll
- School of Marine Sciences, University of Maine, Orono, ME, 04469, USA
| | - Michael F Tlusty
- School for the Environment, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, MA, 02125, USA
| | - Andrew L Thorne-Lyman
- Center for a Livable Future, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21202, USA
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
- Center for Human Nutrition, Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Max Troell
- Beijer Institute of Ecological Economics, The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, 104 05, Stockholm, Sweden
- Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University, 106 91, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Wenbo Zhang
- College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
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15
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Love DC, Kuehl LM, Lane RM, Fry JP, Harding J, Davis BJ, Clancy K, Hudson B. Performance of cold chains and modeled growth of Vibrio parahaemolyticus for farmed oysters distributed in the United States and internationally. Int J Food Microbiol 2020; 313:108378. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2019.108378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Revised: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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16
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Nadimpalli M, Delarocque-Astagneau E, Love DC, Price LB, Huynh BT, Collard JM, Lay KS, Borand L, Ndir A, Walsh TR, Guillemot D. Combating Global Antibiotic Resistance: Emerging One Health Concerns in Lower- and Middle-Income Countries. Clin Infect Dis 2019; 66:963-969. [PMID: 29346620 DOI: 10.1093/cid/cix879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Accepted: 10/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Antibiotic misuse in lower- and middle-income countries (LMICs) contributes to the development of antibiotic resistance that can disseminate globally. Strategies specific to LMICs that seek to reduce antibiotic misuse by humans, but simultaneously improve antibiotic access, have been proposed. However, most approaches to date have not considered the growing impact of animal and environmental reservoirs of antibiotic resistance, which threaten to exacerbate the antibiotic resistance crisis in LMICs. In particular, current strategies do not prioritize the impacts of increased antibiotic use for terrestrial food-animal and aquaculture production, inadequate food safety, and widespread environmental pollution. Here, we propose new approaches that address emerging, One Health challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maya Nadimpalli
- Biostatistics, Biomathematics, Pharmacoepidemiology and Infectious Diseases Unit (B2PHI), Inserm, Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Institut Pasteur, Université Paris-Saclay, France
| | - Elisabeth Delarocque-Astagneau
- Biostatistics, Biomathematics, Pharmacoepidemiology and Infectious Diseases Unit (B2PHI), Inserm, Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Institut Pasteur, Université Paris-Saclay, France
| | - David C Love
- Center for a Livable Future, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Lance B Price
- Milken Institute School of Public Health, George Washington University, Washington, District of Columbia, Antananarivo
| | - Bich-Tram Huynh
- Biostatistics, Biomathematics, Pharmacoepidemiology and Infectious Diseases Unit (B2PHI), Inserm, Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Institut Pasteur, Université Paris-Saclay, France
| | - Jean-Marc Collard
- Experimental Bacteriology Unit, Institut Pasteur of Madagascar, Antananarivo
| | - Kruy Sun Lay
- Food Microbiology and Water Analysis Laboratory and Epidemiology and Public Health Unit, Institut Pasteur of Cambodia, Phnom Penh
| | - Laurence Borand
- Epidemiology and Public Health Unit, Institut Pasteur of Cambodia, Phnom Penh
| | - Awa Ndir
- Institut Pasteur of Senegal, Dakar
| | - Timothy R Walsh
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Disease, Institute of Infection and Immunity, Heath Park Hospital, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Didier Guillemot
- Biostatistics, Biomathematics, Pharmacoepidemiology and Infectious Diseases Unit (B2PHI), Inserm, Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Institut Pasteur, Université Paris-Saclay, France
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17
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Abstract
Objectives: Aquaculture encompasses a variety of species in both freshwater and marine settings and can combine elements of agriculture and fishing, two recognized hazardous occupations. Efforts are underway to expand the aquaculture sector in the United States (U.S.), and should be informed by occupational safety and health (OSH) research. The objectives of this review paper are to: i) describe the U.S. aquaculture sector, ii) summarize statistics, peer-reviewed studies, and reports focused on U.S. aquaculture OSH, and iii) describe the policy landscape specific to U.S. aquaculture OSH.Methods: Literature searches employed databases and Internet search engines to identify relevant peer-reviewed articles, reports, and other resources. Due to the expected U.S. expansion of marine aquaculture and paucity of peer-reviewed U.S.-based OSH literature in this sector, additional searches for international research on marine aquaculture were conducted.Results: The U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics estimated high rates of illness and injury among U.S. aquaculture workers in 2014 and 2015. Peer-reviewed literature on aquaculture OSH identified numerous physical, chemical, and biological OSH risks depending on production methods and settings. Significant policy gaps exist regarding U.S. aquaculture OSH surveillance, reporting, and regulation.Conclusion: This review identifies a critical need for research, surveillance, and best practices information, specific to the major types of aquaculture in the U.S., to augment and inform worker safety and health efforts in this expanding sector.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jillian P Fry
- Johns Hopkins Center for a Livable Future, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Health, Behavior and Society, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Caitlin A Ceryes
- Johns Hopkins Center for a Livable Future, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jill M Voorhees
- South Dakota Department of Game, Fish and Parks, McNenny State Fish Hatchery, Spearfish, SD, USA
| | - Nancy A Barnes
- South Dakota Department of Game, Fish and Parks, McNenny State Fish Hatchery, Spearfish, SD, USA
| | - David C Love
- Johns Hopkins Center for a Livable Future, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Michael E Barnes
- South Dakota Department of Game, Fish and Parks, McNenny State Fish Hatchery, Spearfish, SD, USA
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18
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Love DC, Lane RM, Davis BJK, Clancy K, Fry JP, Harding J, Hudson B. Performance of Cold Chains for Chesapeake Bay Farmed Oysters and Modeled Growth of Vibrio parahaemolyticus. J Food Prot 2019; 82:168-178. [PMID: 30702938 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-18-044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Temperature-controlled supply chains (cold chains) require an unbroken chain of refrigeration to maintain product quality and safety. This study investigated cold chains for farmed oysters raised in the Chesapeake Bay, one of the largest shellfish-growing regions in the United States, and sold live to the half-shell market in surrounding states. Temperature sensors were used in boxes of oysters from February to September 2017, which generated 5,250 h of temperature data. Thirty-nine businesses participated in the temperature sensor study, and 26 of those businesses participated in interviews to further understand how cold chains function. Internal oyster temperatures were measured above 50°F (10°C) for over 1 h in 19% (7 of 36) of shipments, which is a temperature that exceeds National Shellfish Sanitation Program criteria. The highest internal oyster temperature recorded in any shipment was 54.5°F (12.5°C). Some parts of the cold chain had difficulty maintaining storage temperatures below 45°F (7.2°C) in warmer months when Vibrio control plans were in effect. We modeled the effects of temperature on Vibrio parahaemolyticus. The model predicted moderate bacterial growth before oysters were under temperature control, but cold chains prevented further bacterial growth and provided a moderate drop-off in V. parahaemolyticus abundance.
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Affiliation(s)
- David C Love
- 1 Johns Hopkins Center for a Livable Future, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21202.,2 Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21205
| | - Robert M Lane
- 4 Department of Epidemiology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21205
| | - Benjamin J K Davis
- 5 Department of Health, Behavior and Society, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21205
| | - Kate Clancy
- 1 Johns Hopkins Center for a Livable Future, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21202
| | - Jillian P Fry
- 1 Johns Hopkins Center for a Livable Future, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21202.,2 Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21205.,3 Virginia Seafood Agricultural Research and Extension Center, Virginia Tech, Hampton, Virginia 23669
| | - Jamie Harding
- 1 Johns Hopkins Center for a Livable Future, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21202
| | - Bobbi Hudson
- 6 Pacific Shellfish Institute, 120 State Avenue N.E. #1056, Olympia, Washington 98501, USA
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19
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Nadimpalli ML, Stewart JR, Pierce E, Pisanic N, Love DC, Hall D, Larsen J, Carroll KC, Tekle T, Perl TM, Heaney CD. Face Mask Use and Persistence of Livestock-associated Staphylococcus aureus Nasal Carriage among Industrial Hog Operation Workers and Household Contacts, USA. Environ Health Perspect 2018; 126:127005. [PMID: 30675826 PMCID: PMC6371678 DOI: 10.1289/ehp3453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2018] [Revised: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 11/17/2018] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Industrial hog operation (IHO) workers may persistently carry antibiotic-resistant, livestock-associated Staphylococcus aureus in their nasal cavities. It is unclear whether IHO work activities can alter IHO workers' and their household members' exposure to these bacteria. OBJECTIVE Our objective was to investigate the relationship of IHO work activities with persistence of antibiotic-resistant, livestock-associated S. aureus nasal carriage among IHO workers and their household members. METHODS At biweekly intervals over 4 months, IHO workers and their household members completed questionnaires and provided nasal swabs that were assessed for S. aureus, multidrug-resistant S. aureus (MDRSA), and livestock-associated markers (tetracycline resistance, scn absence, spa type). We examined the association between transient and habitual IHO work activities and S. aureus nasal carriage outcomes. RESULTS One hundred one IHO workers and 79 household members completed 1,456 study visits. Face mask use (each 25% increase) was associated with reduced odds of nasal carriage of MDRSA (odds ratio [OR]: 0.65 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.46, 0.92], tetracycline-resistant S. aureus [OR = 0.74 (95% CI: 0.56, 0.97)], and S. aureus clonal complex (CC) 398/CC9 [OR = 0.77 (95% CI: 0.60, 0.99)]. IHO workers who ever (vs. never) gave pigs injections had higher odds of these outcomes. Among household members, living with an IHO worker who consistently ([Formula: see text] of the time) versus sometimes or never used a face mask was associated with reduced odds of carrying scn-negative S. aureus, tetracycline-resistant S. aureus, and S. aureus CC398/CC9 (OR range: 0.12-0.20, all [Formula: see text]), and consistent IHO worker coveralls use was associated with reduced odds of household member MDRSA carriage only. Living with an IHO worker who habitually had contact with [Formula: see text] hogs (vs. [Formula: see text]) was associated with higher odds of household member livestock-associated S. aureus carriage. CONCLUSIONS Consistent face mask use was associated with reduced exposure to antibiotic-resistant, livestock-associated S. aureus among IHO workers and their household members. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP3453.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maya L Nadimpalli
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, UNC Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Jill R Stewart
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, UNC Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Elizabeth Pierce
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, UNC Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Nora Pisanic
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - David C Love
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Johns Hopkins Center for a Livable Future, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Devon Hall
- Rural Empowerment Association for Community Help, Warsaw, North Carolina, USA
| | - Jesper Larsen
- Department of Bacteria, Parasites and Fungi, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Karen C Carroll
- Division of Medical Microbiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Microbiology Laboratory, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Tsigereda Tekle
- Microbiology Laboratory, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Trish M Perl
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Christopher D Heaney
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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20
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Davis MF, Pisanic N, Rhodes SM, Brown A, Keller H, Nadimpalli M, Christ A, Ludwig S, Ordak C, Spicer K, Love DC, Larsen J, Wright A, Blacklin S, Flowers B, Stewart J, Sexton KG, Rule AM, Heaney CD. Occurrence of Staphylococcus aureus in swine and swine workplace environments on industrial and antibiotic-free hog operations in North Carolina, USA: A One Health pilot study. Environ Res 2018; 163:88-96. [PMID: 29428885 PMCID: PMC6292733 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2017.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2017] [Revised: 11/27/2017] [Accepted: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Occupational exposure to swine has been associated with increased Staphylococcus aureus carriage, including antimicrobial-resistant strains, and increased risk of infections. To characterize animal and environmental routes of worker exposure, we optimized methods to identify S. aureus on operations that raise swine in confinement with antibiotics (industrial hog operation: IHO) versus on pasture without antibiotics (antibiotic-free hog operation: AFHO). We associated findings from tested swine and environmental samples with those from personal inhalable air samplers on worker surrogates at one IHO and three AFHOs in North Carolina using a new One Health approach. We determined swine S. aureus carriage status by collecting swab samples from multiple anatomical sites, and we determined environmental positivity for airborne bioaerosols with inhalable and impinger samplers and a single-stage impactor (ambient air) cross-sectionally. All samples were analyzed for S. aureus, and isolates were tested for antimicrobial susceptibility, absence of scn (livestock marker), and spa type. Seventeen of twenty (85%) swine sampled at the one IHO carried S. aureus at >1 anatomical sites compared to none of 30 (0%) swine sampled at the three AFHOs. All S. aureus isolates recovered from IHO swine and air samples were scn negative and spa type t337; almost all isolates (62/63) were multidrug resistant. S. aureus was recovered from eight of 14 (67%) ambient air and two (100%) worker surrogate personal air samples at the one IHO, whereas no S. aureus isolates were recovered from 19 ambient and six personal air samples at the three AFHOs. Personal worker surrogate inhalable sample findings were consistent with both swine and ambient air data, indicating the potential for workplace exposure. IHO swine and the one IHO environment could be a source of potential pathogen exposure to workers, as supported by the detection of multidrug-resistant S. aureus (MDRSA) with livestock-associated spa type t337 among swine, worker surrogate personal air samplers and environmental air samples at the one IHO but none of the three AFHOs sampled in this study. Concurrent sampling of swine, personal swine worker surrogate air, and ambient airborne dust demonstrated that IHO workers may be exposed through both direct (animal contact) and indirect (airborne) routes of transmission. Investigation of the effectiveness of contact and respiratory protections is warranted to prevent IHO worker exposure to multidrug-resistant livestock-associated S. aureus and other pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meghan F Davis
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
| | - Nora Pisanic
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Sarah M Rhodes
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Alexis Brown
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Haley Keller
- North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Maya Nadimpalli
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Andrea Christ
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Shanna Ludwig
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Carly Ordak
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Kristoffer Spicer
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - David C Love
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; Johns Hopkins Center for a Livable Future, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Jesper Larsen
- Department of Bacteria, Parasites and Fungi, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Asher Wright
- NC Choices, North Carolina State University Cooperative Extension and NC A&T State University, NC, USA
| | - Sarah Blacklin
- NC Choices, North Carolina State University Cooperative Extension and NC A&T State University, NC, USA
| | | | - Jill Stewart
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Kenneth G Sexton
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Ana M Rule
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Christopher D Heaney
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
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21
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Nigra AE, Nachman KE, Love DC, Grau-Perez M, Navas-Acien A. Poultry Consumption and Arsenic Exposure in the U.S. Population. Environ Health Perspect 2017; 125:370-377. [PMID: 27735790 PMCID: PMC5332189 DOI: 10.1289/ehp351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2016] [Revised: 08/24/2016] [Accepted: 09/19/2016] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Arsenicals (roxarsone and nitarsone) used in poultry production likely increase inorganic arsenic (iAs), monomethylarsonic acid (MMA), dimethylarsinic acid (DMA), and roxarsone or nitarsone concentrations in poultry meat. However, the association between poultry intake and exposure to these arsenic species, as reflected in elevated urinary arsenic concentrations, is unknown. OBJECTIVES Our aim was to evaluate the association between 24-hr dietary recall of poultry consumption and arsenic exposure in the U.S. population. We hypothesized first, that poultry intake would be associated with higher urine arsenic concentrations and second, that the association between turkey intake and increased urine arsenic concentrations would be modified by season, reflecting seasonal use of nitarsone. METHODS We evaluated 3,329 participants ≥ 6 years old from the 2003-2010 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) with urine arsenic available and undetectable urine arsenobetaine levels. Geometric mean ratios (GMR) of urine total arsenic and DMA were compared across increasing levels of poultry intake. RESULTS After adjustment, participants in the highest quartile of poultry consumption had urine total arsenic 1.12 (95% CI: 1.04, 1.22) and DMA 1.13 (95% CI: 1.06, 1.20) times higher than nonconsumers. During the fall/winter, participants in the highest quartile of turkey intake had urine total arsenic and DMA 1.17 (95% CI: 0.99, 1.39; p-trend = 0.02) and 1.13 (95% CI: 0.99, 1.30; p-trend = 0.03) times higher, respectively, than nonconsumers. Consumption of turkey during the past 24 hr was not associated with total arsenic or DMA during the spring/summer. CONCLUSIONS Poultry intake was associated with increased urine total arsenic and DMA in NHANES 2003-2010, reflecting arsenic exposure. Seasonally stratified analyses by poultry type provide strong suggestive evidence that the historical use of arsenic-based poultry drugs contributed to arsenic exposure in the U.S. CITATION Nigra AE, Nachman KE, Love DC, Grau-Perez M, Navas-Acien A. 2017. Poultry consumption and arsenic exposure in the U.S. Environ Health Perspect 125:370-377; http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/EHP351.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne E. Nigra
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Epidemiology,
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences,
- Address correspondence to A.E. Nigra, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Columbia Mailman School of Public Health, 722 W. 168th St., 11th Floor, Room 1105, New York, NY 10032 USA. E-mail: , or A. Navas-Acien, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Columbia Mailman School of Public Health, 722 W. 168th St., 11th Floor, Room 1105, New York, NY 10032 USA. Telephone: 212-342-4712. E-mail:
| | - Keeve E. Nachman
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences,
- Center for a Livable Future, and
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - David C. Love
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences,
- Center for a Livable Future, and
| | - Maria Grau-Perez
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences,
| | - Ana Navas-Acien
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Epidemiology,
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences,
- Address correspondence to A.E. Nigra, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Columbia Mailman School of Public Health, 722 W. 168th St., 11th Floor, Room 1105, New York, NY 10032 USA. E-mail: , or A. Navas-Acien, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Columbia Mailman School of Public Health, 722 W. 168th St., 11th Floor, Room 1105, New York, NY 10032 USA. Telephone: 212-342-4712. E-mail:
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22
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Nachman KE, Love DC, Baron PA, Nigra AE, Murko M, Raber G, Francesconi KA, Navas-Acien A. Nitarsone, Inorganic Arsenic, and Other Arsenic Species in Turkey Meat: Exposure and Risk Assessment Based on a 2014 U.S. Market Basket Sample. Environ Health Perspect 2017; 125:363-369. [PMID: 27735789 PMCID: PMC5332177 DOI: 10.1289/ehp225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2015] [Revised: 07/21/2016] [Accepted: 07/23/2016] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Use of nitarsone, an arsenic-based poultry drug, may result in dietary exposures to inorganic arsenic (iAs) and other arsenic species. Nitarsone was withdrawn from the U.S. market in 2015, but its use in other countries may continue. OBJECTIVES We characterized the impact of nitarsone use on arsenic species in turkey meat and arsenic exposures among turkey consumers, and we estimated cancer risk increases from consuming turkey treated with nitarsone before its 2015 U.S. withdrawal. METHODS Turkey from three cities was analyzed for total arsenic, iAs, methylarsonate (MA), dimethylarsinate, and nitarsone, which were compared across label type and month of purchase. Turkey consumption was estimated from NHANES data to estimate daily arsenic exposures for adults and children 4-30 months of age and cancer risks among adult consumers. RESULTS Turkey meat from conventional producers not prohibiting nitarsone use showed increased mean levels of iAs (0.64 μg/kg) and MA (5.27 μg/kg) compared with antibiotic-free and organic meat (0.39 μg/kg and 1.54 μg/kg, respectively) and meat from conventional producers prohibiting nitarsone use (0.33 μg/kg and 0.28 μg/kg, respectively). Samples with measurable nitarsone had the highest mean iAs and MA (0.92 μg/kg and 10.96 μg/kg, respectively). Nitarsone was higher in October samples than in March samples, possibly resulting from increased summer use. Based on mean iAs concentrations in samples from conventional producers with no known policy versus policies prohibiting nitarsone, estimated lifetime daily consumption by an 80-kg adult, and a recently proposed cancer slope factor, we estimated that use of nitarsone by all turkey producers would result in 3.1 additional cases of bladder or lung cancer per 1,000,000 consumers. CONCLUSIONS Nitarsone use can expose turkey consumers to iAs and MA. The results of our study support the U.S. Food and Drug Administration's removal of nitarsone from the U.S. market and further support its removal from the global marketplace. Citation: Nachman KE, Love DC, Baron PA, Nigra AE, Murko M, Raber G, Francesconi KA, Navas-Acien A. 2017. Nitarsone, inorganic arsenic, and other arsenic species in turkey meat: exposure and risk assessment based on a 2014 U.S. market basket sample. Environ Health Perspect 125:363-369; http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/EHP225.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keeve E. Nachman
- Johns Hopkins Center for a Livable Future,
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences,
- Department of Health Policy and Management,
- Risk Sciences and Public Policy Institute, and
- Address correspondence to K.E. Nachman, 615 N. Wolfe St., W7010-E, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. Telephone: (410) 502-7578. E-mail:
| | - David C. Love
- Johns Hopkins Center for a Livable Future,
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences,
| | - Patrick A. Baron
- Johns Hopkins Center for a Livable Future,
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences,
| | - Anne E. Nigra
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, New York, USA
| | - Manuela Murko
- Institute of Chemistry-Analytical Chemistry, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Georg Raber
- Institute of Chemistry-Analytical Chemistry, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | | | - Ana Navas-Acien
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences,
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, New York, USA
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Nadimpalli M, Stewart JR, Pierce E, Pisanic N, Love DC, Hall D, Larsen J, Carroll KC, Tekle T, Perl TM, Heaney CD. Livestock-Associated, Antibiotic-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Nasal Carriage and Recent Skin and Soft Tissue Infection among Industrial Hog Operation Workers. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0165713. [PMID: 27851746 PMCID: PMC5112983 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0165713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2016] [Accepted: 10/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Swine production work is a risk factor for nasal carriage of livestock-associated (LA-) Staphylococcus aureus and also for skin and soft tissue infection (SSTI). However, whether LA-S. aureus nasal carriage is associated with increased risk of SSTI remains unclear. We aimed to examine S. aureus nasal carriage and recent (≤3 months prior to enrollment) SSTI symptoms among industrial hog operation (IHO) workers and their household contacts. IHO workers and their household contacts provided a nasal swab and responded to a questionnaire assessing self-reported personal and occupational exposures and recent SSTI symptoms. Nasal swabs were analyzed for S. aureus, including methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA), multidrug-resistant-S. aureus (MDRSA), absence of scn (livestock association), and spa type. S. aureus with at least one indicator of LA was observed among 19% of 103 IHO workers and 6% of 80 household members. Prevalence of recent SSTI was 6% among IHO workers and 11% among 54 minor household members (0/26 adult household members reported SSTI). Among IHO workers, nasal carriers of MDRSA and scn-negative S. aureus were 8.8 (95% CI: 1.8, 43.9) and 5.1 (95% CI: 1.2, 22.2) times as likely to report recent SSTI as non-carriers, respectively. In one household, both an IHO worker and child reported recent SSTI and carried the same S. aureus spa type (t4976) intranasally. Prevalence of scn-negative S. aureus (PR: 5.0, 95% CI: 1.2, 21.4) was elevated among IHO workers who reported never versus always wearing a face mask at work. Although few SSTI were reported, this study of IHO workers and their household contacts is the first to characterize a relation between nasal carriage of antibiotic-resistant LA-S. aureus and SSTI. The direction and temporality of this relation and IHO workers' use of face masks to prevent nasal carriage of these bacteria warrant further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maya Nadimpalli
- Department of Environmental Sciences & Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Jill R. Stewart
- Department of Environmental Sciences & Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Elizabeth Pierce
- Department of Environmental Sciences & Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Nora Pisanic
- Department of Environmental Health & Engineering, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - David C. Love
- Department of Environmental Health & Engineering, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Johns Hopkins Center for a Livable Future, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Devon Hall
- Rural Empowerment Association for Community Help, Warsaw, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Jesper Larsen
- Microbiology and Infection Control, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Karen C. Carroll
- Division of Medical Microbiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Microbiology Laboratory, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Tsigereda Tekle
- Microbiology Laboratory, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Trish M. Perl
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Christopher D. Heaney
- Department of Environmental Health & Engineering, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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24
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Fry JP, Love DC, MacDonald GK, West PC, Engstrom PM, Nachman KE, Lawrence RS. Environmental health impacts of feeding crops to farmed fish. Environ Int 2016; 91:201-14. [PMID: 26970884 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2016.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2015] [Revised: 01/22/2016] [Accepted: 02/18/2016] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Half of the seafood consumed globally now comes from aquaculture, or farmed seafood. Aquaculture therefore plays an increasingly important role in the global food system, the environment, and human health. Traditionally, aquaculture feed has contained high levels of wild fish, which is unsustainable for ocean ecosystems as demand grows. The aquaculture industry is shifting to crop-based feed ingredients, such as soy, to replace wild fish as a feed source and allow for continued industry growth. This shift fundamentally links seafood production to terrestrial agriculture, and multidisciplinary research is needed to understand the ecological and environmental health implications. We provide basic estimates of the agricultural resource use associated with producing the top five crops used in commercial aquaculture feed. Aquaculture's environmental footprint may now include nutrient and pesticide runoff from industrial crop production, and depending on where and how feed crops are produced, could be indirectly linked to associated negative health outcomes. We summarize key environmental health research on health effects associated with exposure to air, water, and soil contaminated by industrial crop production. Our review also finds that changes in the nutritional content of farmed seafood products due to altered feed composition could impact human nutrition. Based on our literature reviews and estimates of resource use, we present a conceptual framework describing the potential links between increasing use of crop-based ingredients in aquaculture and human health. Additional data and geographic sourcing information for crop-based ingredients are needed to fully assess the environmental health implications of this trend. This is especially critical in the context of a food system that is using both aquatic and terrestrial resources at unsustainable rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jillian P Fry
- Johns Hopkins Center for a Livable Future, Johns Hopkins University, 615 N. Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, 615 N. Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Health, Behavior, and Society, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, 624 N. Broadway, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - David C Love
- Johns Hopkins Center for a Livable Future, Johns Hopkins University, 615 N. Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, 615 N. Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Graham K MacDonald
- Department of Geography, McGill University, 805 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Paul C West
- Institute on the Environment (IonE), University of Minnesota, 1954 Buford Avenue, St. Paul, MN, USA
| | - Peder M Engstrom
- Institute on the Environment (IonE), University of Minnesota, 1954 Buford Avenue, St. Paul, MN, USA
| | - Keeve E Nachman
- Johns Hopkins Center for a Livable Future, Johns Hopkins University, 615 N. Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, 615 N. Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Health Policy and Management, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, 624 N. Broadway, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Robert S Lawrence
- Johns Hopkins Center for a Livable Future, Johns Hopkins University, 615 N. Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, 615 N. Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of International Health, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, 615 N. Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Pisanic N, Nadimpalli M, Rinsky JL, Stewart J, Wing S, Love DC, Hall D, Heaney CD. Pig-2-Bac as a biomarker of occupational exposure to pigs and livestock-associated Staphylococcus aureus among industrial hog operation workers. Environ Res 2015; 143:93-97. [PMID: 26454792 PMCID: PMC4641759 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2015.09.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2015] [Revised: 08/28/2015] [Accepted: 09/22/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Over 50 million hogs are raised annually in the United States for consumption, mostly on industrial hog operations (IHOs). Workers at IHOs are exposed to airborne particulates, zoonotic pathogens, and other workplace hazards, but lack of access to IHOs can hinder exposure assessment in epidemiologic studies. Here, we demonstrate the utility of pig-specific Bacteroidales (Pig-2-Bac) as a biomarker of exposure to pigs and pig waste and to help identify sources of Staphylococcus aureus carriage among IHO workers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nora Pisanic
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Maya Nadimpalli
- Department of Environmental Sciences & Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Jessica L Rinsky
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Jill Stewart
- Department of Environmental Sciences & Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Steve Wing
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - David C Love
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA; Johns Hopkins Center for a Livable Future, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Devon Hall
- Rural Empowerment Association for Community Help (REACH), Warsaw, NC, USA
| | - Christopher D Heaney
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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26
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Fry JP, Love DC, Shukla A, Lee RM. Offshore finfish aquaculture in the United States: An examination of federal laws that could be used to address environmental and occupational public health risks. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2014; 11:11964-85. [PMID: 25415208 PMCID: PMC4245654 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph111111964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2014] [Revised: 11/06/2014] [Accepted: 11/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Half of the world’s edible seafood comes from aquaculture, and the United States (US) government is working to develop an offshore finfish aquaculture industry in federal waters. To date, US aquaculture has largely been regulated at the state level, and creating an offshore aquaculture industry will require the development of a new regulatory structure. Some aquaculture practices involve hazardous working conditions and the use of veterinary drugs, agrochemicals, and questionable farming methods, which could raise environmental and occupational public health concerns if these methods are employed in the offshore finfish industry in the US. This policy analysis aims to inform public health professionals and other stakeholders in the policy debate regarding how offshore finfish aquaculture should be regulated in the US to protect human health; previous policy analyses on this topic have focused on environmental impacts. We identified 20 federal laws related to offshore finfish aquaculture, including 11 that are relevant to preventing, controlling, or monitoring potential public health risks. Given the novelty of the industry in the US, myriad relevant laws, and jurisdictional issues in an offshore setting, federal agencies need to work collaboratively and transparently to ensure that a comprehensive and functional regulatory structure is established that addresses the potential public health risks associated with this type of food production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jillian P Fry
- Johns Hopkins Center for a Livable Future, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 N. Wolfe Street, W7010, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
| | - David C Love
- Johns Hopkins Center for a Livable Future, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 N. Wolfe Street, W7010, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
| | - Arunima Shukla
- Johns Hopkins Center for a Livable Future, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 N. Wolfe Street, W7010, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
| | - Ryan M Lee
- Johns Hopkins Center for a Livable Future, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 N. Wolfe Street, W7010, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
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Heaney CD, Exum NG, Dufour AP, Brenner KP, Haugland RA, Chern E, Schwab KJ, Love DC, Serre ML, Noble R, Wade TJ. Water quality, weather and environmental factors associated with fecal indicator organism density in beach sand at two recreational marine beaches. Sci Total Environ 2014; 497-498:440-447. [PMID: 25150738 PMCID: PMC4523396 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.07.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2014] [Revised: 07/23/2014] [Accepted: 07/29/2014] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies showing an association between fecal indicator organisms (FIOs) in sand and gastrointestinal (GI) illness among beachgoers with sand contact have important public health implications because of the large numbers of people who recreate at beaches and engage in sand contact activities. Yet, factors that influence fecal pollution in beach sand remain unclear. During the 2007 National Epidemiological and Environmental Assessment of Recreational (NEEAR) Water Study, sand samples were collected at three locations (60 m apart) on weekend days (Sat, Sun) and holidays between June and September at two marine beaches - Fairhope Beach, AL and Goddard Beach, RI - with nearby publicly-owned treatment works (POTWs) outfalls. F(+) coliphage, enterococci, Bacteroidales, fecal Bacteroides spp., and Clostridium spp. were measured in sand using culture and qPCR-based calibrator-cell equivalent methods. Water samples were also collected on the same days, times and transects as the 144 sand samples and were assayed using the same FIO measurements. Weather and environmental data were collected at the time of sample collection. Mean FIO concentrations in sand varied over time, but not space. Enterococci CFU and CCE densities in sand were not correlated, although other FIOs in sand were. The strongest correlation between FIO density in sand and water was fecal Bacteroides CCE, followed by enterococci CFU, Clostridium spp. CCE, and Bacteroidales CCE. Overall, the factors associated with FIO concentrations in sand were related to the sand-water interface (i.e., sand-wetting) and included daily average densities of FIOs in water, rainfall, and wave height. Targeted monitoring that focuses on daily trends of sand FIO variability, combined with information about specific water quality, weather, and environmental factors may inform beach monitoring and management decisions to reduce microbial burdens in beach sand. The views expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher D Heaney
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205-2179, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205-2179, USA.
| | - Natalie G Exum
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205-2179, USA
| | - Alfred P Dufour
- National Exposure Research Laboratory, United States Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH 45268-1593, USA
| | - Kristen P Brenner
- National Exposure Research Laboratory, United States Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH 45268-1593, USA
| | - Richard A Haugland
- National Exposure Research Laboratory, United States Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH 45268-1593, USA
| | - Eunice Chern
- National Exposure Research Laboratory, United States Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH 45268-1593, USA
| | - Kellogg J Schwab
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205-2179, USA
| | - David C Love
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205-2179, USA
| | - Marc L Serre
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, CB# 7431, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7431, USA
| | - Rachel Noble
- Institute of Marine Sciences, CB# 3301, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Morehead City, NC 28557-3301, USA
| | - Timothy J Wade
- Epidemiology Branch, Environmental Public Health Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, United States Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA
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Lagasse LP, Love DC, Smith KC. Country-of-origin labeling prior to and at the point of purchase: an exploration of the information environment in Baltimore City grocery stores. Ecol Food Nutr 2014; 53:58-80. [PMID: 24437544 DOI: 10.1080/03670244.2014.854605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The country-of-origin labeling (COOL) law requires United States grocers to indicate the origin and procurement method (farm-raised or wild-caught) for seafood. This study explored the presentation of COOL on fresh, frozen, packaged, and unpackaged seafood in Baltimore City grocery stores. Eight stores were visited bi-monthly to photograph seafood labels, and circulars were collected weekly from fourteen stores over three months. Ninety-six percent of products were labeled correctly. Forty-eight percent of advertisements included COOL. While in-store labels did not highlight COOL, advertising featured references to domestic and wild-caught seafood, signaling to customers that these are high-value product qualities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa P Lagasse
- a Department of Health, Behavior, and Society , Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health , Baltimore , Maryland , USA
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Baron PA, Love DC, Nachman KE. Pharmaceuticals and personal care products in chicken meat and other food animal products: a market-basket pilot study. Sci Total Environ 2014; 490:296-300. [PMID: 24858227 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.04.112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2014] [Revised: 04/25/2014] [Accepted: 04/26/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Pharmaceutical drugs are extensively used in industrial food animal production. We examined whether residues of veterinary antibiotics and other pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) were detectable in a small market-basket sample of retail chicken (n=39), ground beef (n=3) and milk (n=3) samples. High-performance liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry were used to assess the concentration of 59 PPCPs and their residues in animal products. All samples of ground beef, milk, and 14 chickens were analyzed individually, while an additional 25 chicken samples were pooled and analyzed in groups of five. The majority of PPCPs were not detected in meat and milk samples. Caffeine was detected in two of three milk samples (0.4 ng/mL, 2.0 ng/mL) and in 10 of 19 individual and pooled chicken samples (median: 18.6 ng/g, range: 6.1-28.8 ng/g). Acetaminophen was detected in three of three milk samples (median: 1.5 ng/mL, range: 1.4-2.1 ng/mL). Antibiotics in the tetracycline class were detected in two of three milk samples (median: 1.0 ng/mL, range: 0.1-2.0 ng/mL) and did not exceed regulatory residue tolerances of 300 ng/mL. There are no regulatory residue tolerances for caffeine or acetaminophen in animal products. The acetaminophen detections in milk, however, raise questions about extra-label and unapproved use of pharmaceutical drugs in food animal production, as this drug is not approved for use in lactating dairy cattle or any other type of food animal production. Additional studies are needed to confirm our finding of PPCPs in meat and dairy products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick A Baron
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Johns Hopkins Center for a Livable Future, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - David C Love
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Johns Hopkins Center for a Livable Future, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Keeve E Nachman
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Johns Hopkins Center for a Livable Future, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Department of Health Policy and Management, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
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Love DC, Fry JP, Genello L, Hill ES, Frederick JA, Li X, Semmens K. An international survey of aquaponics practitioners. PLoS One 2014; 9:e102662. [PMID: 25029125 PMCID: PMC4100909 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0102662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2014] [Accepted: 06/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Aquaponics, a combination of fish farming and soilless plant farming, is growing in popularity and gaining attention as an important and potentially more sustainable method of food production. The aim of this study was to document and analyze the production methods, experiences, motivations, and demographics of aquaponics practitioners in the United States (US) and internationally. The survey was distributed online using a chain sampling method that relied on referrals from initial respondents, with 809 respondents meeting the inclusion criteria. The majority of respondents were from the US (80%), male (78%), and had at least a high school degree (91%). The mean age of respondents was 47±13 years old. Most respondents (52%) had three years or less of aquaponics experience. Respondents typically raised tilapia or ornamental fish and a variety of leafy green vegetables, herbs, and fruiting crops. Respondents were most often motivated to become involved in aquaponics to grow their own food, for environmental sustainability reasons, and for personal health reasons. Many respondents employed more than one method to raise crops, and used alternative or environmentally sustainable sources of energy, water, and fish feed. In general, our findings suggest that aquaponics is a dynamic and rapidly growing field with participants who are actively experimenting with and adopting new technologies. Additional research and outreach is needed to evaluate and communicate best practices within the field. This survey is the first large-scale effort to track aquaponics in the US and provides information that can better inform policy, research, and education efforts regarding aquaponics as it matures and possibly evolves into a mainstream form of agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- David C. Love
- Johns Hopkins Center for a Livable Future, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Jillian P. Fry
- Johns Hopkins Center for a Livable Future, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Laura Genello
- Johns Hopkins Center for a Livable Future, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Elizabeth S. Hill
- University of Maryland Extension, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - J. Adam Frederick
- Maryland Sea Grant College, University of Maryland College Park, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Ximin Li
- Department of Biostatistics, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Ken Semmens
- Agriculture and Natural Resources Unit, West Virginia University Extension Service, Morgantown, West Virginia, United States of America
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Abstract
Nearly half of all seafood consumed globally comes from aquaculture, a method of food production that has expanded rapidly in recent years. Increasing seafood consumption has been proposed as part of a strategy to combat the current non-communicable disease (NCD) pandemic, but public health, environmental, social, and production challenges related to certain types of aquaculture production must be addressed. Resolving these complicated human health and ecologic trade-offs requires systems thinking and collaboration across many fields; the One Health concept is an integrative approach that brings veterinary and human health experts together to combat zoonotic disease. We propose applying and expanding the One Health approach to facilitate collaboration among stakeholders focused on increasing consumption of seafood and expanding aquaculture production, using methods that minimize risks to public health, animal health, and ecology. This expanded application of One Health may also have relevance to other complex systems with similar trade-offs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan G. Gormaz
- Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Independencia 1027, Región Metropolitana Santiago, Chile
| | - Jillian P. Fry
- Johns Hopkins Center for a Livable Future, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, 615 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, 615 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA
| | - Marcia Erazo
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Independencia 1027, Región Metropolitana Santiago, Chile
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Independencia 1027, Región Metropolitana Santiago, Chile
| | - David C. Love
- Johns Hopkins Center for a Livable Future, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, 615 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, 615 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA
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Love DC, Rodriguez RA, Gibbons CD, Griffith JF, Yu Q, Stewart JR, Sobsey MD. Human viruses and viral indicators in marine water at two recreational beaches in Southern California, USA. J Water Health 2014; 12:136-150. [PMID: 24642440 DOI: 10.2166/wh.2013.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Waterborne enteric viruses may pose disease risks to bather health but occurrence of these viruses has been difficult to characterize at recreational beaches. The aim of this study was to evaluate water for human virus occurrence at two Southern California recreational beaches with a history of beach closures. Human enteric viruses (adenovirus and norovirus) and viral indicators (F+ and somatic coliphages) were measured in water samples over a 4-month period from Avalon Beach, Catalina Island (n = 324) and Doheny Beach, Orange County (n = 112). Human viruses were concentrated from 40 L samples and detected by nested reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Detection frequencies at Doheny Beach were 25.5% (adenovirus) and 22.3% (norovirus), and at Avalon Beach were 9.3% (adenovirus) and 0.7% (norovirus). Positive associations between adenoviruses and fecal coliforms were observed at Doheny (p = 0.02) and Avalon (p = 0.01) Beaches. Human viruses were present at both beaches at higher frequencies than previously detected in the region, suggesting that the virus detection methods presented here may better measure potential health risks to bathers. These virus recovery, concentration, and molecular detection methods are advancing practices so that analysis of enteric viruses can become more effective and routine for recreational water quality monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- David C Love
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA E-mail:
| | - Roberto A Rodriguez
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA E-mail: ; Current address: Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health-El Paso Regional Campus, University of Texas-Health Science Center at Houston, El Paso, TX 79902, USA
| | - Christopher D Gibbons
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA E-mail:
| | - John F Griffith
- Southern California Coastal Water Research Project, Costa Mesa, CA 92626, USA
| | - Qilu Yu
- Division of Geriatric Medicine and Gerontology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Jill R Stewart
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA E-mail:
| | - Mark D Sobsey
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA E-mail:
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Fry JP, Love DC. Environmental public health and recommendations for fish oil and seafood intake. Am J Public Health 2013; 103:e3-4. [PMID: 24028264 DOI: 10.2105/ajph.2013.301434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jillian P Fry
- Jillian P. Fry and David C. Love are with the Public Health and Sustainable Aquaculture Project, Johns Hopkins Center for a Livable Future, Environmental Health Sciences Department, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD
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Nachman KE, Baron PA, Raber G, Francesconi KA, Love DC. Arsenic levels in chicken: Nachman et al. respond. Environ Health Perspect 2013; 121:A267-A268. [PMID: 24004507 PMCID: PMC3764093 DOI: 10.1289/ehp.1307083r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Keeve E. Nachman
- Johns Hopkins Center for a Livable Future
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, and
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Patrick A. Baron
- Johns Hopkins Center for a Livable Future
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, and
| | - Georg Raber
- Institute of Chemistry, Karl-Franzens University, Graz, Austria, E-mail:
| | | | - David C. Love
- Johns Hopkins Center for a Livable Future
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, and
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Greiner AL, Lagasse LP, Neff RA, Love DC, Chase R, Sokol N, Smith KC. Reassuring or risky: the presentation of seafood safety in the aftermath of the British Petroleum Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill. Am J Public Health 2013; 103:1198-206. [PMID: 23678933 PMCID: PMC3682604 DOI: 10.2105/ajph.2012.301093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/28/2012] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
The BP Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill was enormously newsworthy; coverage interlaced discussions of health, economic, and environmental impacts and risks. We analyzed 315 news articles that considered Gulf seafood safety from the year following the spill. We explored reporting trends, risk presentation, message source, stakeholder perspectives on safety, and framing of safety messages. Approximately one third of articles presented risk associated with seafood consumption as a standalone issue, rather than in conjunction with environmental or economic risks. Government sources were most frequent and their messages were largely framed as reassuring as to seafood safety. Discussions of prevention were limited to short-term, secondary prevention approaches. These data demonstrate a need for risk communication in news coverage of food safety that addresses the larger risk context, primary prevention, and structural causes of risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amelia L Greiner
- Edward J. Bloustein School of Planning and Public Policy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA.
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Nachman KE, Baron PA, Raber G, Francesconi KA, Navas-Acien A, Love DC. Roxarsone, inorganic arsenic, and other arsenic species in chicken: a U.S.-based market basket sample. Environ Health Perspect 2013; 121:818-24. [PMID: 23694900 PMCID: PMC3701911 DOI: 10.1289/ehp.1206245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2012] [Accepted: 04/16/2013] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inorganic arsenic (iAs) causes cancer and possibly other adverse health outcomes. Arsenic-based drugs are permitted in poultry production; however, the contribution of chicken consumption to iAs intake is unknown. OBJECTIVES We sought to characterize the arsenic species profile in chicken meat and estimate bladder and lung cancer risk associated with consuming chicken produced with arsenic-based drugs. METHODS Conventional, antibiotic-free, and organic chicken samples were collected from grocery stores in 10 U.S. metropolitan areas from December 2010 through June 2011. We tested 116 raw and 142 cooked chicken samples for total arsenic, and we determined arsenic species in 65 raw and 78 cooked samples that contained total arsenic at ≥ 10 µg/kg dry weight. RESULTS The geometric mean (GM) of total arsenic in cooked chicken meat samples was 3.0 µg/kg (95% CI: 2.5, 3.6). Among the 78 cooked samples that were speciated, iAs concentrations were higher in conventional samples (GM = 1.8 µg/kg; 95% CI: 1.4, 2.3) than in antibiotic-free (GM = 0.7 µg/kg; 95% CI: 0.5, 1.0) or organic (GM = 0.6 µg/kg; 95% CI: 0.5, 0.8) samples. Roxarsone was detected in 20 of 40 conventional samples, 1 of 13 antibiotic-free samples, and none of the 25 organic samples. iAs concentrations in roxarsone-positive samples (GM = 2.3 µg/kg; 95% CI: 1.7, 3.1) were significantly higher than those in roxarsone-negative samples (GM = 0.8 µg/kg; 95% CI: 0.7, 1.0). Cooking increased iAs and decreased roxarsone concentrations. We estimated that consumers of conventional chicken would ingest an additional 0.11 µg/day iAs (in an 82-g serving) compared with consumers of organic chicken. Assuming lifetime exposure and a proposed cancer slope factor of 25.7 per milligram per kilogram of body weight per day, this increase in arsenic exposure could result in 3.7 additional lifetime bladder and lung cancer cases per 100,000 exposed persons. CONCLUSIONS Conventional chicken meat had higher iAs concentrations than did conventional antibiotic-free and organic chicken meat samples. Cessation of arsenical drug use could reduce exposure and the burden of arsenic-related disease in chicken consumers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keeve E Nachman
- Johns Hopkins Center for a Livable Future, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA. knachman@ jhsph.edu
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Sassoubre LM, Love DC, Silverman AI, Nelson KL, Boehm AB. Comparison of enterovirus and adenovirus concentration and enumeration methods in seawater from Southern California, USA and Baja Malibu, Mexico. J Water Health 2012; 10:419-430. [PMID: 22960486 DOI: 10.2166/wh.2012.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Despite being important etiological agents of waterborne illness, the sources, transport and decay of human viruses in recreational waters are not well understood. This study examines enterovirus and adenovirus concentrations in coastal water samples collected from four beaches impacted by microbial pollution: (1) Malibu Lagoon, Malibu; (2) Tijuana River, Imperial Beach; (3) Baja Malibu, Baja California; and (4) Punta Bandera, Baja California. Water samples were concentrated using a flocculation-based skim milk method and dead-end membrane filtration (MF). Viruses were enumerated using cell culture infectivity assays and reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-QPCR). Across concentration and quantification methods, enteroviruses were detected more often than adenoviruses. For both viruses, MF followed by (RT)QPCR yielded higher concentrations than skim milk flocculation followed by (RT)QPCR or cell culture assays. Samples concentrated by skim milk flocculation and enumerated by (RT)QPCR agreed more closely with concentrations enumerated by cell culture assays than MF followed by (RT)QPCR. The detection of viruses by MF and (RT)QPCR was positively correlated with the presence of infectious viruses. Further research is needed to determine if detection of viruses by rapid methods such as (RT)QPCR can be a useful water quality monitoring tool to assess health risks in recreational waters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren M Sassoubre
- Environmental and Water Studies, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305-4020, USA
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Love DC, Breaud A, Burns S, Margulies J, Romano M, Lawrence R. Is the three-foot bicycle passing law working in Baltimore, Maryland? Accid Anal Prev 2012; 48:451-456. [PMID: 22664711 DOI: 10.1016/j.aap.2012.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2012] [Revised: 02/27/2012] [Accepted: 03/01/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Maryland (MD) recently became one of fourteen states in the United States to enact a traffic law requiring motor vehicles to pass bicyclists at a distance of greater than three feet. To our knowledge, motorist compliance with the law has never been assessed. This study measured the distance between overtaking motor vehicles and cyclists [e.g. vehicle passing distance (VPD)], to develop baseline metrics for tracking implementation of the three-foot passing law in Baltimore, MD and to assess risk factors for dangerous passes. During September and October 2011, cyclists (n=5) measured VPD using a previously published video technique (Parkin and Meyers, 2010). Cyclists logged a total of 10.8h of video footage and 586 vehicle passes on 34 bicycle commuting trips. The average trip lasted 19.5±4.9 min and cyclists were passed on average 17.2±11.8 times per trip. VPDs of three feet or less were common when cycling in standard lanes (17%; 78 of 451 passes) and lanes with a shared lane marking (e.g. sharrows) (23%; 11 of 47 passes). No passes of three feet or less occurred in bicycle lanes (0 of 88 passes). A multiple linear regression model was created, which explained 26% of the variability in VPD. Significant model variables were lane width, bicycle infrastructure, cyclist identity, and street identity. Interventions, such as driver education, signage, enforcement, and bicycle infrastructure changes are needed to influence driving behavior in Baltimore to increase motorist compliance with the three-foot law.
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Affiliation(s)
- David C Love
- Johns Hopkins Center for a Livable Future, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
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Love DC, Halden RU, Davis MF, Nachman KE. Feather meal: a previously unrecognized route for reentry into the food supply of multiple pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs). Environ Sci Technol 2012; 46:3795-3802. [PMID: 22435972 DOI: 10.1021/es203970e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Antimicrobials used in poultry production have the potential to bioaccumulate in poultry feathers but available data are scarce. Following poultry slaughter, feathers are converted by rendering into feather meal and sold as fertilizer and animal feed, thereby providing a potential pathway for reentry of drugs into the human food supply. We analyzed feather meal (n = 12 samples) for 59 pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) using EPA method 1694 employing liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS). All samples tested positive and six classes of antimicrobials were detected, with a range of two to ten antimicrobials per sample. Caffeine and acetaminophen were detected in 10 of 12 samples. A number of PPCPs were determined to be heat labile during laboratory simulation of the rendering process. Growth of wild-type E. coli in MacConkey agar was inhibited by sterilized feather meal (p = 0.01) and by the antimicrobial enrofloxacin (p < 0.0001) at levels found in feather meal. Growth of a drug-resistant E. coli strain was not inhibited by sterilized feather meal or enrofloxacin. This is the first study to detect antimicrobial residues in feather meal. Initial results suggest that more studies are needed to better understand potential risks posed to consumers by drug residues in feather meal.
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Affiliation(s)
- D C Love
- Johns Hopkins Center for a Livable Future, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States.
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Nachman KE, Raber G, Francesconi KA, Navas-Acien A, Love DC. Arsenic species in poultry feather meal. Sci Total Environ 2012; 417-418:183-188. [PMID: 22244353 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2011.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2011] [Revised: 12/05/2011] [Accepted: 12/06/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Organoarsenical drugs are widely used in the production of broiler chickens in the United States. Feathers from these chickens are processed into a meal product that is used as an animal feed additive and as an organic fertilizer. Research conducted to date suggests that arsenical drugs, specifically roxarsone, used in poultry production result in the accumulation of arsenic in the keratinous material of poultry feathers. The use of feather meal product in the human food system and in other settings may result in human exposures to arsenic. Consequently, the presence and nature of arsenic in twelve samples of feather meal product from six US states and China were examined. Since arsenic toxicity is highly species-dependent, speciation analysis using HPLC/ICPMS was performed to determine the biological relevance of detected arsenic. Arsenic was detected in all samples (44-4100 μg kg(-1)) and speciation analyses revealed that inorganic forms of arsenic dominated, representing 37 - 83% of total arsenic. Roxarsone was not detected in the samples (<20 μg As kg(-1)). Feather meal products represent a previously unrecognized source of arsenic in the food system, and may pose additional risks to humans as a result of its use as an organic fertilizer and when animal waste is managed.
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Affiliation(s)
- K E Nachman
- Center for a Livable Future, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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Heaney CD, Sams E, Dufour AP, Brenner KP, Haugland RA, Chern E, Wing S, Marshall S, Love DC, Serre M, Noble R, Wade TJ. Fecal indicators in sand, sand contact, and risk of enteric illness among beachgoers. Epidemiology 2012; 23:95-106. [PMID: 22157306 PMCID: PMC3240855 DOI: 10.1097/ede.0b013e31823b504c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Beach sand can harbor fecal indicator organisms and pathogens, but enteric illness risk associated with sand contact remains unclear. METHODS In 2007, visitors at 2 recreational marine beaches were asked on the day of their visit about sand contact. Ten to 12 days later, participants answered questions about health symptoms since the visit. F+ coliphage, Enterococcus, Bacteroidales, fecal Bacteroides, and Clostridium spp. in wet sand were measured using culture and molecular methods. RESULTS We analyzed 144 wet sand samples and completed 4999 interviews. Adjusted odds ratios (aORs) were computed, comparing those in the highest tertile of fecal indicator exposure with those who reported no sand contact. Among those digging in sand compared with those not digging in sand, a molecular measure of Enterococcus spp. (calibrator cell equivalents/g) in sand was positively associated with gastrointestinal (GI) illness (aOR = 2.0 [95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.2-3.2]) and diarrhea (2.4 [1.4-4.2]). Among those buried in sand, point estimates were greater for GI illness (3.3 [1.3-7.9]) and diarrhea (4.9 [1.8-13]). Positive associations were also observed for culture-based Enterococcus (colony-forming units/g) with GI illness (aOR digging = 1.7 [1.1-2.7]) and diarrhea (2.1 [1.3-3.4]). Associations were not found among nonswimmers with sand exposure. CONCLUSIONS We observed a positive relationship between sand-contact activities and enteric illness as a function of concentrations of fecal microbial pollution in beach sand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher D Heaney
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
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Fisher MB, Love DC, Schuech R, Nelson KL. Simulated sunlight action spectra for inactivation of MS2 and PRD1 bacteriophages in clear water. Environ Sci Technol 2011; 45:9249-55. [PMID: 21936490 DOI: 10.1021/es201875x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Action spectra for simulated sunlight were measured in clear water for two viruses: PRD1, a double-stranded DNA bacteriophage, and MS2, a single-stranded RNA bacteriophage. Viruses were diluted into phosphate buffered saline (20 mM PBS, pH 7.5) and exposed for 22 h to simulated sunlight either directly or through one of six glass filters with 50% cutoff wavelengths ranging from 280 to 350 nm. Virus survival was measured using the double agar layer plaque method. Both UVA (320-400 nm) and UVB (280-320 nm) light were found to contribute to PRD1 inactivation, while only UVB inactivated MS2. A computational model was developed for interpreting these action spectra with 3-nm resolution. Using these methods, we provide detailed estimates of the sensitivity of MS2 and PRD1 to photoinactivation from 285 to 345 nm. The resulting sensitivity coefficients can be combined with solar spectra to estimate inactivation rates in clear water under different sunlight conditions. This approach will be useful for modeling the inactivation of viruses and other microorganisms in sunlit natural and engineered systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael B Fisher
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720-1710, United States
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Love DC, Rodman S, Neff RA, Nachman KE. Veterinary drug residues in seafood inspected by the European Union, United States, Canada, and Japan from 2000 to 2009. Environ Sci Technol 2011; 45:7232-7240. [PMID: 21797221 DOI: 10.1021/es201608q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Veterinary drugs are used to treat or prevent a wide array of production-related diseases in aquaculture. Residues of these drugs in seafood products may pose risks to consumers, prompting governments to set drug residue tolerance levels and inspect seafood for violations of these standards. This study characterizes veterinary drug inspection policies and violations among four inspecting bodies (European Union (E.U.), United States (U.S.), Canada, and Japan), using government-collected veterinary drug violation data from 2000 to 2009. Most veterinary drug violations were detected in species that are commonly farm-raised. Asian seafood products, including shrimp and prawns, catfish (or fish sold as catfish), crab, tilapia, eel, and Chilean salmon were most frequently in violation of veterinary drug residue standards. Vietnam had the greatest number of violations among exporting countries. Concentrations of most veterinary drugs in seafood found in violation did not differ between inspecting bodies that reported drug concentrations. Transparency in seafood inspection reporting varied widely among inspecting bodies. Estimation of violations in the untested fraction of seafood was precluded by a lack of information from inspecting bodies regarding the distinction between targeted and random sampling. Increased transparency could facilitate a more rigorous characterization of public health risks from consuming imported seafood.
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Affiliation(s)
- David C Love
- Johns Hopkins Center for a Livable Future, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States.
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Kim JY, Lee C, Love DC, Sedlak DL, Yoon J, Nelson KL. Inactivation of MS2 coliphage by ferrous ion and zero-valent iron nanoparticles. Environ Sci Technol 2011; 45:6978-84. [PMID: 21726084 DOI: 10.1021/es201345y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
This study demonstrates the inactivation of MS2 coliphage (MS2) by nano particulate zerovalent iron (nZVI) and ferrous ion (Fe[II]) in aqueous solution. For nZVI, the inactivation efficiency of MS2 under air-saturated conditions was greater than that observed under deaerated conditions, indicating that reactions associated with the oxidation of nZVI were mainly responsible for the MS2 inactivation. Under air-saturated conditions, the inactivation efficiency increased with decreasing pH for both nZVI and Fe(II), associated with the pH-dependent stability of Fe(II). Although the Fe(II) released from nZVI appeared to contribute significantly to the virucidal activity of nZVI, several findings suggest that the nZVI surfaces interacted directly with the MS2 phages, leading to their inactivation. First, the addition of 1,10-phenanthroline (a strong Fe(II)-chelating agent) failed to completely block the inactivation of MS2 by nZVI. Second, under deaerated conditions, a linear dose-log inactivation curve was still observed for nZVI. Finally, ELISA analysis indicated that nZVI caused more capsid damage than Fe(II).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jee Yeon Kim
- WCU Program of Chemical Convergence for Energy & Environment (C2E2), School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University, 599 Gwanak-ro, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Love DC, Davis MF, Bassett A, Gunther A, Nachman KE. Dose imprecision and resistance: free-choice medicated feeds in industrial food animal production in the United States. Environ Health Perspect 2011; 119:279-283. [PMID: 21030337 PMCID: PMC3059987 DOI: 10.1289/ehp.1002625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2010] [Accepted: 10/27/2010] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Industrial food animal production employs many of the same antibiotics or classes of antibiotics that are used in human medicine. These drugs can be administered to food animals in the form of free-choice medicated feeds (FCMF), where animals choose how much feed to consume. Routine administration of these drugs to livestock selects for microorganisms that are resistant to medications critical to the treatment of clinical infections in humans. OBJECTIVES In this commentary, we discuss the history of medicated feeds, the nature of FCMF use with regard to dose delivery, and U.S. policies that address antimicrobial drug use in food animals. DISCUSSION FCMF makes delivering a predictable, accurate, and intended dose difficult. Overdosing can lead to animal toxicity; underdosing or inconsistent dosing can result in a failure to resolve animal diseases and in the development of antimicrobial-resistant microorganisms. CONCLUSIONS The delivery of antibiotics to food animals for reasons other than the treatment of clinically diagnosed disease, especially via free-choice feeding methods, should be reconsidered.
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Affiliation(s)
- David C Love
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland 21211, USA.
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Love DC, Lovelace GL, Sobsey MD. Removal of Escherichia coli, Enterococcus fecalis, coliphage MS2, poliovirus, and hepatitis A virus from oysters (Crassostrea virginica) and hard shell clams (Mercinaria mercinaria) by depuration. Int J Food Microbiol 2010; 143:211-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2010.08.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2010] [Revised: 08/26/2010] [Accepted: 08/28/2010] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Love DC, Silverman A, Nelson KL. Human virus and bacteriophage inactivation in clear water by simulated sunlight compared to bacteriophage inactivation at a southern California beach. Environ Sci Technol 2010; 44:6965-6970. [PMID: 20726507 DOI: 10.1021/es1001924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Few quantitative data exist on human virus inactivation by sunlight and the relationship between human and indicator viruses under sunlit conditions. We investigated the effects of sunlight on human viruses (adenovirus type 2, poliovirus type 3) and bacteriophages (MS2, Q-Beta SP, Fi, M13, PRD1, Phi-X174, and coliphages isolated from Avalon Bay, California). Viruses were inoculated into phosphate buffered saline or seawater, exposed to a laboratory solar simulator for ≤12 h, and enumerated by double agar layer or cell culture to derive first-order inactivation rate constants (k(obs), h(-1)). The viruses most resistant to sunlight were adenovirus type 2 (k(obs)= 0.59 ± 0.04 h(-1)) and bacteriophage MS2 (k(obs)= 0.43 ± 0.02 h(-1)), which suggests MS2 may be a conservative indicator for sunlight resistant human viruses in clear water when sunlight inactivation is the main removal mechanism. Reasonable agreement was observed between somatic coliphage inactivation rates measured in the solar simulator (k(mean) = 1.81 h(-1)) and somatic coliphages measured in the surf zone during a field campaign at Avalon Bay during similar sunlight intensity (k = 0.75 h(-1) at log-RMSE minimum; k(range) = 0.54 h(-1) to >1.88 h(-1); Boehm, A. B. et al. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2009, 43, (21), 8046-8052). Hence, measuring sunlight inactivation rates of viruses in the laboratory can be used to estimate inactivation in the environment under similar sunlight and water quality conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- David C Love
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, USA.
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Love DC, Lovelace GL, Money ES, Sobsey MD. Microbial Fecal Indicator Concentrations in Water and Their Correlation to Environmental Parameters in Nine Geographically Diverse Estuaries. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s12403-010-0026-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Boehm AB, Yamahara KM, Love DC, Peterson BM, McNeill K, Nelson KL. Covariation and photoinactivation of traditional and novel indicator organisms and human viruses at a sewage-impacted marine beach. Environ Sci Technol 2009; 43:8046-52. [PMID: 19924921 DOI: 10.1021/es9015124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Sunlight modulates concentrations of Escherichia coli and enterococci in marine waters. However, the mechanism of photoinactivation is poorly understood. Additionally, little is known about photoinactivation of other fecal indicators and human viruses in recreational waters. We sampled nearshore waters at Avalon Beach, California hourly for 72 h for reactive oxygen species (ROS), traditional indicator bacteria (E. coli and enterococci, and QPCR-based detection of enterococci), F+ (DNA and RNA) and somatic coliphages, the human-specific marker in Bacteroidales (HF marker), human enterovirus, and human adenovirus. E. coli and enterococci (regardless of measurement technique) covaried with each other and the coliphages suggesting similar sources and fates. The occurrence of the HF and enterovirus markers was correlated, but their occurrence was not positively correlated with the other indicators. Lower concentrations or occurrence of all microbes, excluding the HF and enterovirus markers, were observed during sunlit as opposed to dark hours, pointing to the importance of photoinactivation. Empirical-deterministic models for a subset of microbial indicators were created to determine field-relevant sunlight inactivation rates while accounting for time dependent sources and sinks. Photoinactivation rates of enterococci and E. coli, enterococci measured by QPCR, and somatic coliphage were estimated at 7, 6, 3, and 28 d(-1) I(-1), respectively, where I is UVB intensity in W/m(2). Average H(2)O(2) was 183 nM and the maximum singlet oxygen steady state concentration was 6.6 fM. Given the clarity of the water, direct genomic damage of bacteria and coliphage, as well as indirect endogenous damage of bacteria, were likely the most important inactivation mechanisms, but we cannot rule out a contribution by indirect mechanisms involving the H(2)O(2) and singlet oxygen produced exogenously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandria B Boehm
- Environmental and Water Studies, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA.
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Love DC, Vinjé J, Khalil SM, Murphy J, Lovelace GL, Sobsey MD. Evaluation of RT-PCR and reverse line blot hybridization for detection and genotyping F+ RNA coliphages from estuarine waters and molluscan shellfish. J Appl Microbiol 2007; 104:1203-12. [PMID: 18028362 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2007.03646.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To evaluate a PCR-based detection and typing method for faecal indicator viruses (F+ RNA coliphages) in water and shellfish, and apply the method for better understanding of the ecology and microbial source tracking potential of these viruses. METHODS AND RESULTS Water and shellfish samples were collected over 3 years at nine estuaries in the East, West and Gulf Coasts of the USA, providing 1033 F+ RNA coliphage isolates. F+ RNA coliphage genotyping rates by reverse transcriptase-PCR-reverse line blot (RLB) hybridization ranged from 94.7% to 100% among estuaries, and were not significantly different in oysters, clams, mussels or water (P = 0.8427). Twenty samples negative by RLB were nucleotide sequenced for confirmation, and to refine RLB probes. More F+ RNA coliphages were genotyped from colder water than warmer waters, while the water salinity did not affect F+ RNA coliphage levels. CONCLUSIONS RT-PCR-RLB was a robust method for detecting and genotyping F+ RNA coliphages from diverse coastal areas, which provided new information on the ecology of F+ RNA coliphages. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY This performance-validated F+ RNA coliphage method can be used for faecal indicator monitoring and microbial source tracking, to protect recreational bathers and shellfish consumers from exposure to pathogenic virus and their disease risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- D C Love
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
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