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Manippa V, Palmisano A, Nitsche MA, Filardi M, Vilella D, Logroscino G, Rivolta D. Cognitive and Neuropathophysiological Outcomes of Gamma-tACS in Dementia: A Systematic Review. Neuropsychol Rev 2024; 34:338-361. [PMID: 36877327 PMCID: PMC10920470 DOI: 10.1007/s11065-023-09589-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
Abstract
Despite the numerous pharmacological interventions targeting dementia, no disease-modifying therapy is available, and the prognosis remains unfavorable. A promising perspective involves tackling high-frequency gamma-band (> 30 Hz) oscillations involved in hippocampal-mediated memory processes, which are impaired from the early stages of typical Alzheimer's Disease (AD). Particularly, the positive effects of gamma-band entrainment on mouse models of AD have prompted researchers to translate such findings into humans using transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS), a methodology that allows the entrainment of endogenous cortical oscillations in a frequency-specific manner. This systematic review examines the state-of-the-art on the use of gamma-tACS in Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) and dementia patients to shed light on its feasibility, therapeutic impact, and clinical effectiveness. A systematic search from two databases yielded 499 records resulting in 10 included studies and a total of 273 patients. The results were arranged in single-session and multi-session protocols. Most of the studies demonstrated cognitive improvement following gamma-tACS, and some studies showed promising effects of gamma-tACS on neuropathological markers, suggesting the feasibility of gamma-tACS in these patients anyhow far from the strong evidence available for mouse models. Nonetheless, the small number of studies and their wide variability in terms of aims, parameters, and measures, make it difficult to draw firm conclusions. We discuss results and methodological limitations of the studies, proposing possible solutions and future avenues to improve research on the effects of gamma-tACS on dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerio Manippa
- Department of Education, Psychology and Communication, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy.
| | - Annalisa Palmisano
- Department of Education, Psychology and Communication, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
| | - Michael A Nitsche
- Department of Psychology and Neurosciences, Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors, Dortmund, Germany
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Hospital Bergmannsheil, Bochum, Germany
| | - Marco Filardi
- Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases and the Aging Brain, University of Bari "Aldo Moro" at Pia Fondazione "Cardinale G. Panico", Tricase, Lecce, Italy
- Department of Basic Medicine, Neuroscience and Sense Organs, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
| | - Davide Vilella
- Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases and the Aging Brain, University of Bari "Aldo Moro" at Pia Fondazione "Cardinale G. Panico", Tricase, Lecce, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Logroscino
- Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases and the Aging Brain, University of Bari "Aldo Moro" at Pia Fondazione "Cardinale G. Panico", Tricase, Lecce, Italy
- Department of Basic Medicine, Neuroscience and Sense Organs, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
| | - Davide Rivolta
- Department of Education, Psychology and Communication, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
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Filardi M, Gnoni V, Tamburrino L, Nigro S, Urso D, Vilella D, Tafuri B, Giugno A, De Blasi R, Zoccolella S, Logroscino G. Sleep and circadian rhythm disruptions in behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia. Alzheimers Dement 2024; 20:1966-1977. [PMID: 38183333 PMCID: PMC10984421 DOI: 10.1002/alz.13570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/08/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Sleep and rest-activity rhythm alterations are common in neurodegenerative diseases. However, their characterization in patients with behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD) has proven elusive. We investigated rest-activity rhythm alterations, sleep disturbances, and their neural correlates in bvFTD. METHODS Twenty-seven bvFTD patients and 25 healthy controls completed sleep questionnaires and underwent 7 days of actigraphy while concurrently maintaining a sleep diary. Cortical complexity and thickness were calculated from T1-weighted magnetic resonance (MR) images. RESULTS Compared to controls, bvFTD patients showed longer time in bed (95% confidence interval [CI]: 79.31, 321.83) and total sleep time (95% CI: 24.38, 321.88), lower sleep efficiency (95% CI: -12.58, -95.54), and rest-activity rhythm alterations in the morning and early afternoon. Increased sleep duration was associated with reduced cortical thickness in frontal regions. DISCUSSION Patients with bvFTD showed longer sleep duration, lower sleep quality, and rest-activity rhythm alterations. Actigraphy could serve as a cost-effective and accessible tool for ecologically monitoring changes in sleep duration in bvFTD patients. HIGHLIGHTS We assessed sleep and circadian rhythms in behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD) using actigraphy. Patients with bvFTD show increased sleep duration and reduced sleep quality. Patients with bvFTD show rest-activity alterations in the morning and early afternoon. Sleep duration is associated with reduced cortical thickness in frontal regions. These alterations may represent an early sign of neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Filardi
- Department of Translational Biomedicine and Neurosciences (DiBraiN)University of Bari Aldo MoroBariItaly
- Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases and the Aging BrainUniversity of Bari Aldo Moro at Pia Fondazione “Card. G. Panico”TricaseItaly
| | - Valentina Gnoni
- Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases and the Aging BrainUniversity of Bari Aldo Moro at Pia Fondazione “Card. G. Panico”TricaseItaly
| | - Ludovica Tamburrino
- Department of Translational Biomedicine and Neurosciences (DiBraiN)University of Bari Aldo MoroBariItaly
- Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases and the Aging BrainUniversity of Bari Aldo Moro at Pia Fondazione “Card. G. Panico”TricaseItaly
| | - Salvatore Nigro
- Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases and the Aging BrainUniversity of Bari Aldo Moro at Pia Fondazione “Card. G. Panico”TricaseItaly
| | - Daniele Urso
- Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases and the Aging BrainUniversity of Bari Aldo Moro at Pia Fondazione “Card. G. Panico”TricaseItaly
| | - Davide Vilella
- Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases and the Aging BrainUniversity of Bari Aldo Moro at Pia Fondazione “Card. G. Panico”TricaseItaly
| | - Benedetta Tafuri
- Department of Translational Biomedicine and Neurosciences (DiBraiN)University of Bari Aldo MoroBariItaly
- Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases and the Aging BrainUniversity of Bari Aldo Moro at Pia Fondazione “Card. G. Panico”TricaseItaly
| | - Alessia Giugno
- Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases and the Aging BrainUniversity of Bari Aldo Moro at Pia Fondazione “Card. G. Panico”TricaseItaly
| | - Roberto De Blasi
- Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases and the Aging BrainUniversity of Bari Aldo Moro at Pia Fondazione “Card. G. Panico”TricaseItaly
- Department of Diagnostic ImagingPia Fondazione “Card. G. Panico”TricaseItaly
| | - Stefano Zoccolella
- Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases and the Aging BrainUniversity of Bari Aldo Moro at Pia Fondazione “Card. G. Panico”TricaseItaly
- Neurology Unit, San Paolo HospitalAzienda Sanitaria Locale (ASL) BariBariItaly
| | - Giancarlo Logroscino
- Department of Translational Biomedicine and Neurosciences (DiBraiN)University of Bari Aldo MoroBariItaly
- Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases and the Aging BrainUniversity of Bari Aldo Moro at Pia Fondazione “Card. G. Panico”TricaseItaly
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Manippa V, Filardi M, Vilella D, Logroscino G, Rivolta D. Gamma (60 Hz) auditory stimulation improves intrusions but not recall and working memory in healthy adults. Behav Brain Res 2024; 456:114703. [PMID: 37806563 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2023.114703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
Gamma-band (> 30 Hz) brain oscillations (γ) play a crucial role in memory and long-term potentiation, and their disruptions have been consistently documented in patients with Alzheimer's Disease (AD). Gamma-band oscillation entrainment through 60 Hz transcranial alternating stimulation (tACS) and 40 Hz tACS/sensory stimulation has been shown to enhance memory performance in healthy adults and patients with AD, respectively. However, the impact of gamma auditory stimulation on healthy adults' memory remains uncertain. In this balanced crossover study, 36 healthy subjects (27 Females) underwent three auditory stimulation conditions: no auditory stimulation (NO_AS), 40 Hz, and 60 Hz. Long-term verbal memory (LTM) and verbal working memory (WM) were assessed using, respectively, the Ray Auditory Verbal Test (RAVLT) and Digit Span Backward test (DS-B). We hypothesized that 60 Hz would improve LTM (as compared to NO_AS), but not WM; no specific effects were hypothesized for 40 Hz. We found that gamma-band auditory stimulation (40 Hz and 60 Hz) did not significantly affect RAVLT recall or WM. However, 60 Hz stimulation reduced RAVLT immediate recall intrusion; this outcome negatively correlated with DS-B performance, suggesting a positive impact of 60 Hz on executive functions. In summary, gamma-band auditory stimulation did not enhance memory in healthy adults, but 60 Hz stimulation potentially benefits executive functions. Further investigation is needed to understand gamma oscillation's role in cognitive processes for both healthy and clinical populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerio Manippa
- Department of Education, Psychology and Communication, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy.
| | - Marco Filardi
- Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases and the Aging Brain, University of Bari Aldo Moro at Pia Fondazione "Cardinale G. Panico", Tricase, Lecce, Italy; Department of Translational Biomedicine and Neurosciences (DiBraiN), University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Davide Vilella
- Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases and the Aging Brain, University of Bari Aldo Moro at Pia Fondazione "Cardinale G. Panico", Tricase, Lecce, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Logroscino
- Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases and the Aging Brain, University of Bari Aldo Moro at Pia Fondazione "Cardinale G. Panico", Tricase, Lecce, Italy; Department of Translational Biomedicine and Neurosciences (DiBraiN), University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Davide Rivolta
- Department of Education, Psychology and Communication, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
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Michelutti M, Urso D, Gnoni V, Giugno A, Zecca C, Vilella D, Accadia M, Barone R, Dell'Abate MT, De Blasi R, Manganotti P, Logroscino G. Narcissistic Personality Disorder as Prodromal Feature of Early-Onset, GRN-Positive bvFTD: A Case Report. J Alzheimers Dis 2024; 98:425-432. [PMID: 38393901 DOI: 10.3233/jad-230779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Background Behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD) typically involves subtle changes in personality that can delay a timely diagnosis. Objective Here, we report the case of a patient diagnosed of GRN-positive bvFTD at the age of 52 presenting with a 7-year history of narcissistic personality disorder, accordingly to DSM-5 criteria. Methods The patient was referred to neurological and neuropsychological examination. She underwent 3 Tesla magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and genetic studies. Results The neuropsychological examination revealed profound deficits in all cognitive domains and 3T brain MRI showed marked fronto-temporal atrophy. A mutation in the GRN gene further confirmed the diagnosis. Conclusions The present case documents an unusual onset of bvFTD and highlights the problematic nature of the differential diagnosis between prodromal psychiatric features of the disease and primary psychiatric disorders. Early recognition and diagnosis of bvFTD can lead to appropriate management and support for patients and their families. This case highlights the importance of considering neurodegenerative diseases, such as bvFTD, in the differential diagnosis of psychiatric disorders, especially when exacerbations of behavioral traits manifest in adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Michelutti
- Department of Clinical Research in Neurology, Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases and the Aging Brain, University of Bari 'Aldo Moro', "Pia Fondazione Cardinale G.Panico", Tricase, Italy
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, Clinical Unit of Neurology, University Hospital of Trieste, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Daniele Urso
- Department of Clinical Research in Neurology, Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases and the Aging Brain, University of Bari 'Aldo Moro', "Pia Fondazione Cardinale G.Panico", Tricase, Italy
- Department of Neurosciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Valentina Gnoni
- Department of Clinical Research in Neurology, Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases and the Aging Brain, University of Bari 'Aldo Moro', "Pia Fondazione Cardinale G.Panico", Tricase, Italy
- Department of Neurosciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Alessia Giugno
- Department of Clinical Research in Neurology, Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases and the Aging Brain, University of Bari 'Aldo Moro', "Pia Fondazione Cardinale G.Panico", Tricase, Italy
| | - Chiara Zecca
- Department of Clinical Research in Neurology, Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases and the Aging Brain, University of Bari 'Aldo Moro', "Pia Fondazione Cardinale G.Panico", Tricase, Italy
| | - Davide Vilella
- Department of Clinical Research in Neurology, Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases and the Aging Brain, University of Bari 'Aldo Moro', "Pia Fondazione Cardinale G.Panico", Tricase, Italy
| | - Maria Accadia
- Department of Clinical Research in Neurology, Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases and the Aging Brain, University of Bari 'Aldo Moro', "Pia Fondazione Cardinale G.Panico", Tricase, Italy
| | - Roberta Barone
- Department of Clinical Research in Neurology, Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases and the Aging Brain, University of Bari 'Aldo Moro', "Pia Fondazione Cardinale G.Panico", Tricase, Italy
| | - Maria Teresa Dell'Abate
- Department of Clinical Research in Neurology, Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases and the Aging Brain, University of Bari 'Aldo Moro', "Pia Fondazione Cardinale G.Panico", Tricase, Italy
| | - Roberto De Blasi
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Pia Fondazione di Culto e Religione "Card. G.Panico", Tricase, Italy
| | - Paolo Manganotti
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, Clinical Unit of Neurology, University Hospital of Trieste, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Logroscino
- Department of Clinical Research in Neurology, Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases and the Aging Brain, University of Bari 'Aldo Moro', "Pia Fondazione Cardinale G.Panico", Tricase, Italy
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Manippa V, Palmisano A, Filardi M, Vilella D, Nitsche MA, Rivolta D, Logroscino G. An update on the use of gamma (multi)sensory stimulation for Alzheimer's disease treatment. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:1095081. [PMID: 36589536 PMCID: PMC9797689 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.1095081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by reduced fast brain oscillations in the gamma band (γ, > 30 Hz). Several animal studies show that inducing gamma oscillations through (multi)sensory stimulation at 40 Hz has the potential to impact AD-related cognitive decline and neuropathological processes, including amyloid plaques deposition, neurofibrillary tangles formation, and neuronal and synaptic loss. Therefore Gamma Entrainment Using Sensory stimulation (GENUS) is among the most promising approaches for AD patients' treatment. This review summarizes the evidence on GENUS effectiveness, from animal models to AD patients. Despite the application on human is in its infancy, the available findings suggest its feasibility for the treatment of AD. We discuss such results in light of parameter improvement and possible underlying mechanisms. We finally emphasize the need for further research for its development as a disease-modifying non-pharmacological intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerio Manippa
- Department of Education, Psychology and Communication, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy,Department of Psychology and Neurosciences, Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors, Dortmund, Germany,*Correspondence: Valerio Manippa,
| | - Annalisa Palmisano
- Department of Education, Psychology and Communication, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Marco Filardi
- Department of Basic Medicine, Neuroscience and Sense Organs, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy,Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases and the Aging Brain, University of Bari Aldo Moro at Pia Fondazione “Card. G. Panico”, Tricase, Italy
| | - Davide Vilella
- Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases and the Aging Brain, University of Bari Aldo Moro at Pia Fondazione “Card. G. Panico”, Tricase, Italy
| | - Michael A. Nitsche
- Department of Psychology and Neurosciences, Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors, Dortmund, Germany,Bielefeld University, University Hospital OWL, Protestant Hospital of Bethel Foundation, University Clinic of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy and University Clinic of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Davide Rivolta
- Department of Education, Psychology and Communication, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Logroscino
- Department of Basic Medicine, Neuroscience and Sense Organs, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy,Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases and the Aging Brain, University of Bari Aldo Moro at Pia Fondazione “Card. G. Panico”, Tricase, Italy
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Montes C, Cuadrillero C, Vilella D. Maintenance of a laboratory colony of Cimex lectularius (Hemiptera: Cimicidae) using an artificial feeding technique. J Med Entomol 2002; 39:675-679. [PMID: 12144303 DOI: 10.1603/0022-2585-39.4.675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The in vitro maintenance technique described in this article has been used successfully to rear Cimex lectularius (L.) by feeding for >2 yr all nymphal stages and adults through parafilm "M" sealing film on different types of blood. Using this feeding technique, the subsequent egg production of female bedbugs was remarkably high. The blood was maintained at 37 degrees C to enhance the attachment of the bugs. The effect of anticoagulation methods for the blood meal was investigated, and heparinized blood was found the most suitable for feeding bugs. All stages of the bugs fed weekly on blood in the artificial feeding system remained attached for up to 0.5-1.0 h, until completion of their blood meals, and all reached engorged weights. More than 90% of the bugs fed artificially on whole blood, and they molted or laid eggs successfully.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Montes
- Centro de Investigación Básica, Merck Research Laboratories, Merck, Sharp & Dohme de España, SA, Madrid, Spain.
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Singh SB, Jayasuriya H, Salituro GM, Zink DL, Shafiee A, Heimbuch B, Silverman KC, Lingham RB, Genilloud O, Teran A, Vilella D, Felock P, Hazuda D. The complestatins as HIV-1 integrase inhibitors. Efficient isolation, structure elucidation, and inhibitory activities of isocomplestatin, chloropeptin I, new complestatins, A and B, and acid-hydrolysis products of chloropeptin I. J Nat Prod 2001; 64:874-882. [PMID: 11473415 DOI: 10.1021/np000632z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
From the screening of a microbial extract library, isocomplestatin (1), a new axial-chiral isomer of complestatin (2) which is a known rigid bicyclic hexapeptide, was identified as a potent natural product inhibitor of HIV-1 integrase, a unique enzyme responsible for viral replication. Isocomplestatin showed inhibitory activities (IC(50)) in coupled 3'-end processing/strand transfer (200 nM), strand transfer (4 microM), and HIV-1 replication (200 nM) in virus-infected cells. Attempted large-scale isolation of 1 by the literature method, used for the isolation of complestatin, led to lower yield and limited availability. We have developed several new, two-step, high-yielding absorption/elution methods of isolation based on reverse-phase chromatography at pH 8 that are applicable to scales from one gram to potential industrial quantities. We have also discovered and determined the structure of two new congeners of 1, namely, complestatins A (4) and B (5), with almost equal HIV-1 integrase activity. They differ from 1 at C2' and C3' of the tryptophan moiety (residue F). Selective acid hydrolysis of chloropeptin I (3), itself a known acid-catalyzed rearranged isomer of 1 and 2 (8'- vs 7'-substitution in tryptophan residue F, respectively), an isomer of complestatin, and isocomplestatin resulted in a number of fragments (6-10) with retention of most of the HIV-1 integrase activity. The structure-activity relationship as revealed by these compounds could possibly lead to the design of better inhibitors or understanding of the HIV-1 integrase target.
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Affiliation(s)
- S B Singh
- Merck Research Laboratories, P.O. Box 2000, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, USA.
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Vilella D, Sánchez M, Platas G, Salazar O, Genilloud O, Royo I, Cascales C, Martín I, Díez T, Silverman KC, Lingham RB, Singh SB, Jayasuriya H, Peláez F. Inhibitors of farnesylation of Ras from a microbial natural products screening program. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol 2000; 25:315-327. [PMID: 11320419 DOI: 10.1038/sj.jim.7000085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2000] [Accepted: 11/04/2000] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Mutant ras oncogenes are associated with various human tumors such as pancreas, colon, lung, thyroid, bladder and several types of leukemia. Prenylation of Ras proteins plays a major role in cell proliferation of both normal and cancerous cells. Normal and oncogenic Ras proteins are posttranslationally modified by a farnesyl group that promotes membrane binding. Inhibitors of farnesyl protein transferase (FPTase), the enzyme that catalyzes the prenylation of Ras proteins, inhibit growth of tumor cells. In an effort to identify structurally diverse and unique inhibitors of FPTase, a program devoted to screening of natural products was initiated. This effort led to the identification of 10 different families of compounds, all of which selectively inhibit FPTase with a variety of mechanisms that are reviewed in this manuscript. These compounds originated from the fermentations of a number of microorganisms, either actinomycetes or fungi, isolated from different substrates collected in tropical and temperate areas. A chemotaxonomic discussion on the distribution of each compound among single or different types of microorganisms, either phylogenetically related or unrelated species, is included.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Vilella
- Centro de Investigación Básica, Natural Products Drug Discovery, Merck Sharp and Dohme de España, S.A. Josefa Valcárcel 38, 28027 Madrid, Spain
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Zhao A, Lee SH, Mojena M, Jenkins RG, Patrick DR, Huber HE, Goetz MA, Hensens OD, Zink DL, Vilella D, Dombrowski AW, Lingham RB, Huang L. Resorcylic acid lactones: naturally occurring potent and selective inhibitors of MEK. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 1999; 52:1086-94. [PMID: 10695671 DOI: 10.7164/antibiotics.52.1086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A resorcylic acid lactone, L-783,277, isolated from a Phoma sp. (ATCC 74403) which came from the fruitbody of Helvella acetabulum, is a potent and specific inhibitor of MEK (Map kinase kinase). L-783,277 inhibits MEK with an IC50 value of 4 nM. It weakly inhibits Lck and is inactive against Raf, PKA and PKC. L-783,277 is an irreversible inhibitor of MEK and is competitive with respect to ATP. L-783,290, the trans-isomer of L-783,277, was isolated from the same culture and evaluated together with several semi-synthetic resorcylic acid lactone analogs. A preliminary structure-activity relationship is presented. Several independent cell-based assays have been carried out to study the biological activities of these resorcylic acid lactone compounds and a brief result summary from these studies is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Zhao
- Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway, NJ 07065, USA
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10
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Zhang B, Salituro G, Szalkowski D, Li Z, Zhang Y, Royo I, Vilella D, Díez MT, Pelaez F, Ruby C, Kendall RL, Mao X, Griffin P, Calaycay J, Zierath JR, Heck JV, Smith RG, Moller DE. Discovery of a small molecule insulin mimetic with antidiabetic activity in mice. Science 1999; 284:974-7. [PMID: 10320380 DOI: 10.1126/science.284.5416.974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 359] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Insulin elicits a spectrum of biological responses by binding to its cell surface receptor. In a screen for small molecules that activate the human insulin receptor tyrosine kinase, a nonpeptidyl fungal metabolite (L-783,281) was identified that acted as an insulin mimetic in several biochemical and cellular assays. The compound was selective for insulin receptor versus insulin-like growth factor I (IGFI) receptor and other receptor tyrosine kinases. Oral administration of L-783,281 to two mouse models of diabetes resulted in significant lowering in blood glucose levels. These results demonstrate the feasibility of discovering novel insulin receptor activators that may lead to new therapies for diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Zhang
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology, Merck Research Laboratories, R80W250, Post Office Box 2000, Rahway, NJ 07065, USA.
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11
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Jayasuriya H, Silverman KC, Zink DL, Jenkins RG, Sanchez M, Pelaez F, Vilella D, Lingham RB, Singh SB. Clavaric acid: a triterpenoid inhibitor of farnesyl-protein transferase from Clavariadelphus truncatus. J Nat Prod 1998; 61:1568-1570. [PMID: 9868169 DOI: 10.1021/np980200c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Farnesyl-protein transferase (FPTase) catalyses the specific transfer of farnesyl to Ras-peptides that is essential for oncogenic activity in oncogene-mediated tumors. Specific inhibition of FPTase activity has been shown to reduce tumor development in nude mice challenged with oncogenic forms of ras, thereby establishing FPTase as a viable therapeutic target. Our continued efforts to discover inhibitors of FPTase has led to the discovery of a triterpenoidal inhibitor, clavaric acid (1). This compound inhibits rHFPTase with an IC50 value of 1.3 microM. Structure elucidation, structure modifications, and biological activity of clavaric acid are herein described.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Jayasuriya
- Natural Products Drug Discovery, Merck Research Laboratories, P.O. Box 2000, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, USA
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Silverman KC, Jayasuriya H, Cascales C, Vilella D, Bills GF, Jenkins RG, Singh SB, Lingham RB. Oreganic acid, a potent inhibitor of ras farnesyl-protein transferase. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1997; 232:478-81. [PMID: 9125205 DOI: 10.1006/bbrc.1997.6314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
A sulfated tricarboxylic acid fungal metabolite is an inhibitor of human farnesyl-protein transferase (FPTase). The compound, designated as oreganic acid, has a molecular weight of 494, an empirical formula of C22H38O10S and inhibits FPTase with an IC50 value of 14 nM. Oreganic acid is a selective inhibitor of FPTase because it does not inhibit human geranylgeranyl-protein transferase type I (GGPTase-I). It is not a time-dependent inhibitor, reversibly inhibits FPTase, is competitive with respect to farnesyl diphosphate and non-competitive with respect to the Ras acceptor peptide. The structure of oreganic acid resembles that of farnesyl diphosphate and most likely inhibits FPTase by mimicking farnesyl diphosphate at the active site of the enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- K C Silverman
- Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, USA
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