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Bali V, Schelfhout J, Sher MR, Tripathi Peters A, Patel GB, Mayorga M, Goss D, Romano C(D. Patient-reported experiences with refractory or unexplained chronic cough: a qualitative analysis. Ther Adv Respir Dis 2024; 18:17534666241236025. [PMID: 38501735 PMCID: PMC10953008 DOI: 10.1177/17534666241236025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic cough, defined as a cough lasting 8 or more weeks, affects up to 10% of adults. Refractory chronic cough (RCC) is a cough that is uncontrolled despite comprehensive investigation and treatment of comorbid conditions while unexplained chronic cough (UCC) is a cough with no identifiable cause despite extensive evaluation of comorbid conditions. RCC and UCC are often poorly controlled. Understanding individuals' lived experience of the symptoms and impacts of these conditions may guide therapeutic strategies. OBJECTIVES The primary objectives of this study were to assess respondents' perceptions of the key symptoms of RCC and UCC and the impacts of RCC and UCC and their symptoms on well-being, health-related quality of life, work productivity, and social relationships. DESIGN Qualitative study. METHODS This study enrolled 30 adults with physician-diagnosed RCC or UCC. Two trained qualitative researchers conducted individual, in-depth telephone interviews using a semi-structured interview guide. Interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed, coded, and systematically analyzed to identify content themes. RESULTS A total of 15 respondents with RCC and 15 with UCC were included in the study. Many respondents had RCC or UCC for a long duration (median 9 years, range: 0-24). Half of the respondents reported having a coughing episode at least once daily. Only 40% of respondents reported that medication had improved their symptoms. In over half of the respondents, RCC or UCC hindered communication, caused embarrassment, frustration, and worry, and lowered quality of life. Perceptions of meaningful treatment benefits in RCC or UCC varied widely across respondents. CONCLUSION RCC and UCC remained poorly managed in many individuals and were associated with a wide range of symptoms and cough triggers that hindered daily activities and reduced emotional well-being. Understanding individuals' lived experiences may inform the development of RCC and UCC therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vishal Bali
- Center for Observational and Real-World Evidence, Merck & Co. Inc., 351 North Sumneytown Pike, North Wales, PA 19454, USA
| | - Jonathan Schelfhout
- Center for Observational and Real-World Evidence, Merck & Co. Inc., Rahway, NJ, USA
| | | | | | - Gayatri B. Patel
- Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | - Diana Goss
- RTI Health Solutions, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
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Williams V, Romano C, Clark M, Korver D, Williams N, Goss D, Naujoks C, Marvel J. Psychometric evaluation of an electronic Asthma Symptom Diary for young children. J Patient Rep Outcomes 2023; 7:105. [PMID: 37902847 PMCID: PMC10616038 DOI: 10.1186/s41687-023-00647-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patient-reported outcome measures that facilitate self-report by children are needed to reduce the bias of proxy report. We previously developed an electronic Pediatric Asthma Symptom Diary (ePASD) to assess the severity of daily asthma symptoms and proximal impacts in children aged 6-11 years with mild to severe asthma. The ePASD, administered via a digital application with visuals, sounds, and text, is uniquely designed to minimize the importance of reading skills on children's ability to self-report accurately. Here, we describe the ePASD's psychometric properties. METHODS Ninety-one children aged 6-11 years with mild to severe asthma and their caregivers participated in 2 study visits, which consisted of training on the provisioned device and completing asthma-specific clinical outcome assessment (COA) questionnaires. The children self-completed the ePASD at home twice daily for 8 consecutive days. The scoring of the ePASD was guided by factor analyses, inter-item correlations, and internal consistencies. Reliability, discriminating ability, construct validity, and responsiveness were evaluated for ePASD items and candidate scores. RESULTS All COAs included in the study-the ePASD, Asthma Control Questionnaire (ACQ), Childhood Asthma Control Test, Pediatric Asthma Quality of Life Questionnaire-Standardized (PAQLQ[S]), and global ratings-demonstrated that the children exhibited few asthma-related symptoms and impacts at all timepoints, and consequently, showed little change over time. Internal consistencies (all Cronbach's alphas ≥ 0.52) and test-retest reliabilities (all intraclass correlation coefficients ≥ 0.60) were largely satisfactory. Patterns of convergent and divergent correlations supported the construct validity of ePASD scores. The ePASD symptom scores correlated moderately to strongly with PAQLQ(S) Symptom scores (all correlations ≥ - 0.46) and with ACQ scores (all correlations ≥ 0.42), as predicted. Evidence of the discriminating ability of ePASD items and composite scores was demonstrated by known-groups analyses. CONCLUSIONS The ePASD is a reliable and valid measure of asthma symptoms and proximal impacts in children aged 6-11 years with mild, moderate, or severe asthma. These results lay the psychometric groundwork for use of the ePASD in future clinical trials for the management of pediatric asthma. An ongoing pediatric asthma treatment trial is anticipated to provide evidence of the ePASD's responsiveness to change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerie Williams
- RTI Health Solutions, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA.
- RTI Health Solutions, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA.
| | - Carla Romano
- RTI Health Solutions, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | | | - Dane Korver
- RTI Health Solutions, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | | | - Diana Goss
- RTI Health Solutions, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
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Danese D, Goss D, Romano C, Gupta C. Qualitative assessment of the patient experience of primary hyperoxaluria type 1: an observational study. BMC Nephrol 2023; 24:319. [PMID: 37884879 PMCID: PMC10604408 DOI: 10.1186/s12882-023-03365-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Without effective intervention, primary hyperoxaluria type 1 (PH1) causes oxalate-induced kidney damage, leading to end-stage kidney disease and serious complications throughout the body. Although PH1 carries a heavy burden that impacts quality of life, literature on the experiences of those living with PH1 and caring for patients with PH1 is limited. This study aimed to describe the diagnostic journey in PH1 and characterize patients' and caregivers' self-reported experiences throughout the disease course. METHODS This was an observational study involving in-depth, semi-structured telephone interviews. Dominant trends were assessed using constant comparative analysis to identify themes in interviewees' descriptions of their experiences. Individuals aged ≥ 12 years and caregivers of children aged 6-17 years with genetically confirmed PH1 were eligible. Informed consent/assent and ability to read and speak English were required. RESULTS Interviewees (16 patients, 12 caregivers) reported a prolonged diagnostic journey due to low disease awareness, among other factors. Upon diagnosis, PH1 was frequently symptomatic, typically involving kidney stone-related symptoms but also potentially symptoms arising beyond the kidneys. PH1 most commonly led to worry and social impairment in adolescents, impaired physical function in adults, and a range of impacts on caregivers. In late-stage disease, dialysis was the most burdensome aspect of living with PH1 (due to time requirements, limitations from living with a catheter, etc.), and this burden was exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic. Benefits desired from PH1 management included reductions in laboratory measures of oxalate burden, kidney stone and urination frequency, and oxalate-related skin ulcers. CONCLUSIONS PH1 greatly impacts patients' and caregivers' lives, primarily due to burdensome disease manifestations and associated emotional, physical, and practical impacts, as well as disease management challenges - particularly those related to dialysis in late-stage disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Danese
- Alnylam Pharmaceuticals, 675 West Kendall St, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA.
| | - Diana Goss
- Research Triangle Institute, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Carla Romano
- Research Triangle Institute, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Catherine Gupta
- Research Triangle Institute, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
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Darden C, Price M, Ray D, Goldstein G, Goss D, Bennett L, Garbinsky D, Thota R. Patients' satisfaction with long-acting injectable somatostatin analog therapy for neuroendocrine tumors. J Patient Rep Outcomes 2021; 5:82. [PMID: 34491454 PMCID: PMC8423948 DOI: 10.1186/s41687-021-00355-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Long-acting somatostatin analogs (LA SSAs) are approved and recommended for the treatment of patients with advanced neuroendocrine tumors (NETs). Given the long duration of therapy and differences in administration routes, it is important to understand patients' experiences with receiving LA SSA injections. METHODS We conducted a serial survey, informed by qualitative interviews with eight patients treated with LA SSAs and two nurses who administer LA SSA injections, among patients undergoing LA SSA treatment over a 28-day period (administered at baseline and 14 days and 28 days after injection). Eligible patients, recruited by the Carcinoid Cancer Foundation, self-reported having received an LA SSA injection for physician-diagnosed NET within the 5 days before the survey. RESULTS 202 patients completed the survey at baseline (82 receiving lanreotide and 120 receiving octreotide), 148 at day 14, and 124 at day 28. Patients reported consistently high satisfaction levels with their most recent LA SSA injection (91.1% at baseline, 85.1% at day 14, and 85.5% at day 28); 68.8% reported that their injection experience differed based on the nursing staff administering the injection. CONCLUSIONS Satisfaction with LA SSA injections is high among patients in this population, and specific experiences with LA SSA injections varied based on the nursing staff administering the injection. Evaluations of patients' experiences and satisfaction with treatment are increasingly important as patients take more active roles in decision-making for their treatment pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Darden
- Department of Surveys and Observational Studies, RTI Health Solutions, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA.
| | - Mark Price
- Department of Surveys and Observational Studies, RTI Health Solutions, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - David Ray
- Ipsen Biopharmaceuticals, Inc., Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - Diana Goss
- Department of Patient-Reported Outcomes, RTI Health Solutions, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Lee Bennett
- Department of Biometrics, RTI Health Solutions, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Diana Garbinsky
- Department of Biometrics, RTI Health Solutions, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Ramya Thota
- Intermountain Medical Center, Murry, UT, USA
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Banerjee AK, Pearson J, Gilliland EL, Goss D, Lewis JD, Stirling Y, Meade TW. A Six Year Prospective Study of Fibrinogen and Other Risk Factors Associated with Mortality in Stable Claudicants. Thromb Haemost 2018. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0038-1656361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
SummaryA total of 333 patients with stable intermittent claudication at recruitment were followed up for 6 years to determine risk factors associated with subsequent mortality. Cardiovascular diseases were the underlying cause of death in 78% of the 114 patients who died. The strongest independent predictor of death during the follow-up period was the plasma fibrinogen level, an increase of 1 g/l being associated with a nearly two-fold increase in the probability of death within the next 6 years. Age, low ankle/brachial pressure index and a past history of myocardial infarction also increased the probability of death during the study period. The plasma fibrinogen level is a valuable index of those patients with stable intermittent claudication at high risk of early mortality. The results also provide further evidence for the involvement of fibrinogen in the pathogenesis of arterial disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- A K Banerjee
- The Department of Vascular Surgery, Northwick Park Hospital, Harrow, London, United Kingdom
| | - J Pearson
- The Clinical Research Centre Section of Medical Statistics, Northwick Park Hospital, Harrow, London, United Kingdom
| | - E L Gilliland
- The Department of Vascular Surgery, Northwick Park Hospital, Harrow, London, United Kingdom
| | - D Goss
- The Department of Vascular Surgery, Northwick Park Hospital, Harrow, London, United Kingdom
| | - J D Lewis
- The Department of Vascular Surgery, Northwick Park Hospital, Harrow, London, United Kingdom
| | - Y Stirling
- The MRC Epidemiology and Medical Care Unit, Wolfson Institute of Preventive Medicine, The Medical College of St Bartholomew’s Hospital, Charterhouse Square, London, United Kingdom
| | - T W Meade
- The MRC Epidemiology and Medical Care Unit, Wolfson Institute of Preventive Medicine, The Medical College of St Bartholomew’s Hospital, Charterhouse Square, London, United Kingdom
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6
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White MV, Hogue SL, Odom D, Cooney D, Bartsch J, Goss D, Hollis K, Herrem C, Silvia S. Anaphylaxis in Schools: Results of the EPIPEN4SCHOOLS Survey Combined Analysis. Pediatr Allergy Immunol Pulmonol 2016; 29:149-154. [PMID: 28265481 PMCID: PMC5314730 DOI: 10.1089/ped.2016.0675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2016] [Accepted: 08/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
A pilot survey described the characteristics of anaphylactic events occurring in an initial set of participating U.S. schools during the 2013-2014 school year. This survey was subsequently readministered to large school districts, which were underrepresented in initial results. A cross-sectional survey was administered to the U.S. schools that were participating in the EPIPEN4SCHOOLS® program (Mylan Specialty L.P., Canonsburg, PA) to assess characteristics of anaphylactic events. Data from large school districts were added to initial findings in this comprehensive combined analysis. A total of 1,140 anaphylactic events were reported among 6,574 responding schools. Of 1,063 anaphylactic events with data on who experienced the event, it was observed that it occurred mostly in students (89.5%, 951/1,063). For students, anaphylactic events were reported across all grades, with 44.9% (400/891) occurring in high school students, 18.9% (168/891) in middle school students, and 32.5% (290/891) in elementary school students. Food was identified as the most common trigger (60.1%, 622/1,035). A majority of schools (55.0%, 3,332/6,053) permitted only the school nurse and select staff to administer epinephrine to treat anaphylaxis. The unpredictability of anaphylaxis is emphasized by its high occurrence in individuals with no known allergies (25.0%). A majority of schools permitted only the school nurse and select staff to treat anaphylaxis. Thus, individuals experiencing an anaphylactic event may frequently encounter staff members not being permitted to administer potentially life-saving epinephrine. Epinephrine auto-injectors provided by the EPIPEN4SCHOOLS program were used to treat 38.0% of events. Anaphylaxis can occur in children with no previously known allergies, illustrating the importance of public access to epinephrine.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Susan L. Hogue
- RTI International, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
| | - Dawn Odom
- RTI International, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
| | - Darryl Cooney
- RTI International, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
| | | | - Diana Goss
- RTI International, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
| | - Kelly Hollis
- RTI International, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
| | | | - Suyapa Silvia
- RTI International, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
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Hogue SL, Goss D, Hollis K, Silvia S, White MV. Training and administration of epinephrine auto-injectors for anaphylaxis treatment in US schools: results from the EpiPen4Schools(®) pilot survey. J Asthma Allergy 2016; 9:109-15. [PMID: 27382317 PMCID: PMC4918892 DOI: 10.2147/jaa.s106567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anaphylaxis is a serious, potentially life-threatening condition. Adequate preparation for anaphylaxis management is imperative for school personnel. This descriptive pilot study assessed preparedness of US schools to manage anaphylactic reactions. METHODS An exploratory, cross-sectional, web-based, pilot survey assessed the occurrence and characteristics of anaphylactic events, as well as training provided to school personnel for the recognition and treatment of anaphylaxis. Eligible US schools were participants in the EpiPen4Schools(®) program during the 2013-2014 school year. EpiPen4Schools provides EpiPen(®) (epinephrine injection) Auto-Injectors and training materials to qualifying US schools. Survey data were parsed by US Census Bureau region and state and were evaluated using descriptive statistics. RESULTS Schools from all 50 states and the District of Columbia participated in the survey (N=6,019). Among schools that provided information on anaphylactic events, 11% (607/5,683) reported the occurrence of one or more events, with significant variability in incidence across census regions and among states. A total of 5,613 schools provided information regarding which staff members were trained to recognize the signs and symptoms of anaphylaxis. Thirty-six percent of schools (2,022/5,613) indicated that only the school nurse and select staff were trained in anaphylaxis recognition. The proportion of schools in which most or all school staff received such training differed by region/state (range, 13%-100%). A total of 5,578 schools provided information on which staff were permitted to administer epinephrine. The majority of schools (54%; 3,024/5,578) permitted only the school nurse and select staff to administer epinephrine, although percentages varied by region/state (range, 4%-100%). CONCLUSION Schools differed substantially in their preparedness to manage anaphylaxis, with significant disparities in staff training and permission to treat. Given the ramifications of delayed treatment, removing barriers to the recognition and treatment of anaphylactic events in schools is an important public health goal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan L Hogue
- Health Solutions, RTI International, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Diana Goss
- Health Solutions, RTI International, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Kelly Hollis
- Health Solutions, RTI International, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Suyapa Silvia
- Education and Workforce Development, RTI International, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
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White MV, Goss D, Hollis K, Millar K, Silvia S, Siegel PH, Bennett ME, Wooddell MJ, Hogue SL. Anaphylaxis Triggers and Treatments by Grade Level and Staff Training: Findings from the EPIPEN4SCHOOLS Pilot Survey. Pediatric Allergy, Immunology, and Pulmonology 2016; 29:80-85. [DOI: 10.1089/ped.2015.0614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Diana Goss
- RTI International, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
| | - Kelly Hollis
- RTI International, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
| | - Kimrey Millar
- RTI International, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
| | - Suyapa Silvia
- RTI International, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
| | | | | | | | - Susan L. Hogue
- RTI International, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
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White MV, Silvia S, Hollis K, Wooddell MJ, Goss D, Odom D, Bartsch J, Hogue SL. EPIPEN4SCHOOLS® Survey Combined Analysis: Prevalence and Triggers of Anaphylactic Events. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2015.12.173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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White MV, Hogue SL, Bennett ME, Goss D, Millar K, Hollis K, Siegel PH, Wolf RA, Wooddell MJ, Silvia S. EpiPen4Schools pilot survey: Occurrence of anaphylaxis, triggers, and epinephrine administration in a U.S. school setting. Allergy Asthma Proc 2015; 36:306-12. [PMID: 25898241 DOI: 10.2500/aap.2015.36.3859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although epinephrine is the treatment of choice for anaphylaxis, it remains underused. OBJECTIVE This study was designed to describe anaphylactic events and epinephrine autoinjector (EAI) use in U.S. schools enrolled in the EpiPen4Schools program. METHODS This exploratory, cross-sectional, Web-based survey of 6019 schools that participated in the EpiPen4Schools program assessed anaphylactic events and EAI use at responding schools during the 2013-2014 school year. RESULTS A total of 919 anaphylactic events were reported in 607 schools. Of the 852 anaphylactic events with data on those who experienced an event, most 88.8% (n = 757) occurred in students, and 21.9% of events (n = 187) occurred in individuals with no known allergies. Of the 851 events with data on EAI use, 74.7% (n = 636) were treated with EAIs and 8.5% (n = 54) received a second epinephrine injection. Of the 204 individuals not treated with an EAI, 77.0% (n = 157) received antihistamines, 12.7% (n = 26) received another treatment, and 8.3% (n = 17) received no treatment. Of the 850 events with data on hospital transport, 79.6% of individuals (n = 677) were transported to the hospital. Common triggers varied seasonally, with food listed most frequently overall (62.5%). CONCLUSION More than one in ten schools that participated in the EpiPen4Schools survey reported an anaphylactic event. Approximately 25% of individuals with anaphylactic events were not treated with EAIs, and 20.4% of patients were not taken to the hospital after an anaphylactic event. Analysis of these data supports the value of stocking EAIs and of providing continuing education regarding the recognition and proper treatment of anaphylaxis for school personnel.
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Hogue S, Bennett ME, Goss D, Hollis K, Millar K, Silvia S, Siegel P, Wolf RA, Wooddell M, White MV. Occurrence of Anaphylaxis By School Grade Level and Staff Training: Findings from the EpiPen4Schools Survey. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2014.12.1628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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White MV, Goss D, Hollis K, Millar K, Silvia S, Siegel P, Bennett ME, Wolf RA, Wooddell M, Hogue S. EpiPen4Schools Survey: Characteristics of Anaphylaxis and Common Triggers. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2014.12.1626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Wooddell M, Goss D, Hollis K, Millar K, Silvia S, Siegel P, Bennett ME, Wolf RA, Hogue S, White MV. Epinephrine Administration for Cases of Anaphylaxis in a US School Setting: Results from the EpiPen4Schools Survey. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2014.12.1627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Fassiadis N, Adams K, Zayed H, Goss D, Deane C, MacCarthy P, Rashid H. Occult carotid artery disease in patients who have undergone coronary angioplasty. Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg 2008; 7:855-7. [DOI: 10.1510/icvts.2008.179580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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Cook SF, Lanza L, Zhou X, Sweeney CT, Goss D, Hollis K, Mangel AW, Fehnel SE. Gastrointestinal side effects in chronic opioid users: results from a population-based survey. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2008; 27:1224-32. [PMID: 18363893 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2036.2008.03689.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gastrointestinal side effects are commonly associated with opioid treatment for pain. AIM To understand gastrointestinal side effects associated with opioid treatment. METHODS This study was a population-based survey of adults in the US who use opioids to manage pain unrelated to cancer. Participants were recruited from an existing Web-enabled panel and a supplemental panel of individuals who previously indicated an interest in participating in Web-based surveys. RESULTS Overall, 2055 individuals participated in the main phase of the survey. Fifty-seven per cent of participants reported having had constipation that they associated with opioid treatment, and 49% reported constipation in the previous 4 weeks. Thirty-six per cent of participants reported new or worsening constipation in the previous 4 weeks. Thirty-three per cent of participants reported constipation as their most bothersome symptom associated with opioid treatment, 13% reported nausea, 11% abdominal pain and 10% gas. Seventy-three per cent of the participants who reported any GI symptoms did not change the dosage level or frequency of use of opioids because of adverse events, which may be explained by the fact that 72% of participants used over-the-counter laxatives and 12% a prescription laxative. CONCLUSION Constipation is a frequent and significant event occurring with opioid use.
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Affiliation(s)
- S F Cook
- Worldwide Epidemiology, GlaxoSmithKline, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
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Nguyen M, Goss D, Goss G, Nicholas GA. Effect of prophylactic anticoagulation on thromboembolism associated with indwelling vascular catheters in patients with solid tumours: A review of the experience at a single centre. J Clin Oncol 2008. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2008.26.15_suppl.20574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Dhami MS, Goss D, Dhami R. Venous thromboembolism in patients with brain tumors. J Clin Oncol 2007. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2007.25.18_suppl.12528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
12528 Venous Thromboembolism (VTE) is common in patients undergoing treatment for brain tumors. American College of Chest Physicians (ACCP) 2004 consensus conference recommends routine use of intermittent pneumatic compression devices (IPC), unfractionated heparin (UH) or low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) for VTE prophylaxis in these patients. There, however, continues to be a reluctance on using pharmacologic VTE prophylaxis in these patients. The goal of our study was to determine the incidence of VTE in patients with brain tumors treated at a community hospital and the frequency of use of thromboprophylaxis in these patients. Both electronic and paper charts of all patients treated for brain tumors between 1997 and 2003 were reviewed. Follow up data was obtained by contacting physicians caring for these patients. Forty two patients were identified (Anaplastic astrocytoma 10; Glioblastoma multiforme 16; Meningioma 15; oligodendroglioma 1). Twelve patients were treated with various adjuvant chemotherapy regimens. Only 16 patients (38%) received any form of VTE prophylaxis. UH (12) or LMWH (2) were used with or without IPCs or graduated compression stockings. There were eight episodes of symptomatic VTE among 42 patients (19%). These include 6 episodes of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and two cases of superficial vein thrombosis. Three patients with DVT also had symptomatic pulmonary embolus (PE). All episodes VTE were seen in patients with malignant gliomas yielding a 29% incidence of VTE in patients with malignant gliomas. None of the 15 patients with meningioma had symptomatic VTE. All but one episode of VTE were associated with administration of systemic chemotherapy. Half of these episodes occured more than six weeks after surgical debulking. We conclude that incidence of VTE with malignant brain tumors is high (29%) and the administration of chemotherpy increases this risk. There continues to be underutilization of VTE prophylaxis in these patients at very high risk of VTE. Efforts should be directed at improving the understanding of type and duration of appropiate VTE prophylaxis in patients with brain tumors. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. S. Dhami
- William W. Backus Hospital, Norwich, CT; Stonehill College, Easton, PA
| | - D. Goss
- William W. Backus Hospital, Norwich, CT; Stonehill College, Easton, PA
| | - R. Dhami
- William W. Backus Hospital, Norwich, CT; Stonehill College, Easton, PA
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18
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Tabakov S, Roberts VC, Jonsson BA, Ljungberg M, Lewis CA, Wirestam R, Strand SE, Lamm IL, Milano F, Simmons A, Deane C, Goss D, Aitken V, Noel A, Giraud JY, Sherriff S, Smith P, Clarke G, Almqvist M, Jansson T. Development of educational image databases and e-books for medical physics training. Med Eng Phys 2005; 27:591-8. [PMID: 16076559 DOI: 10.1016/j.medengphy.2004.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2004] [Accepted: 11/29/2004] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Medical physics education and training requires the use of extensive imaging material and specific explanations. These requirements provide an excellent background for application of e-Learning. The EU projects Consortia EMERALD and EMIT developed five volumes of such materials, now used in 65 countries. EMERALD developed e-Learning materials in three areas of medical physics (X-ray diagnostic radiology, nuclear medicine and radiotherapy). EMIT developed e-Learning materials in two further areas: ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging. This paper describes the development of these e-Learning materials (consisting of e-books and educational image databases). The e-books include tasks helping studying of various equipment and methods. The text of these PDF e-books is hyperlinked with respective images. The e-books are used through the readers' own Internet browser. Each Image Database (IDB) includes a browser, which displays hundreds of images of equipment, block diagrams and graphs, image quality examples, artefacts, etc. Both the e-books and IDB are engraved on five separate CD-ROMs. Demo of these materials can be taken from www.emerald2.net.
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19
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Wilson SM, Householder DB, Coppola V, Tessarollo L, Fritzsch B, Lee EC, Goss D, Carlson GA, Copeland NG, Jenkins NA. Mutations in Cdh23 cause nonsyndromic hearing loss in waltzer mice. Genomics 2001; 74:228-33. [PMID: 11386759 DOI: 10.1006/geno.2001.6554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Mutations at the waltzer (v) locus result in deafness and vestibular dysfunction due to degeneration of the neuroepithelium within the inner ear. Here, we use a positional cloning approach to show that waltzer encodes a novel cadherin (Cdh23), which is most closely related to the Drosophila Fat protein. A single nucleotide deletion in the v(J) allele and a single nucleotide insertion in the v allele are predicted to truncate each protein near the N-terminus and produce a functional null allele. In situ hybridization analysis showed that Cdh23 is expressed in the sensory hair cells of the inner ear, where it has been suggested to be a molecule critical for crosslinking of the stereocilia. In addition, Cdh23 is expressed in the urticulo-saccular foramen,the ductus reuniens, and Reissner's membrane, suggesting that Cdh23 may also be involved in maintaining the ionic composition of the endolymph. Finally, mutations in human CDH23 have recently been described for two loci, DFNB12 and USH1D, which cause nonsyndromic deafness, identifying waltzer as a mouse model for human hearing loss.
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MESH Headings
- Alleles
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Animals
- Cadherin Related Proteins
- Cadherins/biosynthesis
- Cadherins/genetics
- Chromosome Mapping
- Chromosomes, Artificial, Bacterial
- Chromosomes, Artificial, Yeast
- Cloning, Molecular
- Crosses, Genetic
- DNA, Complementary/metabolism
- Deafness/genetics
- Deafness/metabolism
- Drosophila
- Gene Library
- Humans
- In Situ Hybridization
- Membrane Proteins/genetics
- Mice
- Mice, Mutant Strains
- Models, Genetic
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Mutation
- Physical Chromosome Mapping
- Point Mutation
- Polymorphism, Genetic
- Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length
- Protein Structure, Tertiary
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Tissue Distribution
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Wilson
- Mouse Cancer Genetics Program, National Cancer Institute-Frederick, Frederick, Maryland 21702, USA
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20
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Brewster JL, Martin SL, Toms J, Goss D, Wang K, Zachrone K, Davis A, Carlson G, Hood L, Coffin JD. Deletion of Dad1 in mice induces an apoptosis-associated embryonic death. Genesis 2000; 26:271-8. [PMID: 10748466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
Dad1 is a putative anti-apoptosis gene identified in several distantly related organisms. Expression of Dad1 in transfected cells inhibits apoptosis in vitro. To determine whether Dad1 has a similar function in vivo, we used gene targeting to delete Dad1. Heterozygous adult mice (+/-) show no obvious phenotype or abnormalities, but genotype analysis of over 100 offspring from heterozygous matings detected no weanling, homozygous Dad1 null (-/-) mice. Subsequent analysis of embryos from heterozygous matings detected Dad1 null (-/-) embryos at E3.5 but no later, suggesting Dad1 is required for development beyond the late blastocyst stage. Increased levels of apoptosis were observed in cultured embryos lacking a functional copy of the gene, consistent with an anti-apoptotic role for Dad1.
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Affiliation(s)
- J L Brewster
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, Missouri, USA.
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21
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Zhadanov AB, Provance DW, Speer CA, Coffin JD, Goss D, Blixt JA, Reichert CM, Mercer JA. Absence of the tight junctional protein AF-6 disrupts epithelial cell-cell junctions and cell polarity during mouse development. Curr Biol 1999; 9:880-8. [PMID: 10469590 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-9822(99)80392-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The establishment, maintenance and rearrangement of junctions between epithelial cells are extremely important in many developmental, physiological and pathological processes. AF-6 is a putative Ras effector; it is also a component of tight and adherens junctions, and has been shown to bind both Ras and the tight-junction protein ZO-1. In the mouse, AF-6 is encoded by the Af6 gene. As cell-cell junctions are important in morphogenesis, we generated a null mutation in the murine Af6 locus to test the hypothesis that lack of AF-6 function would cause epithelial abnormalities. RESULTS Although cell-cell junctions are thought to be important in early embryogenesis, homozygous mutant embryos were morphologically indistinguishable from wild-type embryos through 6.5 days post coitum (dpc) and were able to establish all three germ layers. The earliest morphological abnormalities were observed in the embryonic ectoderm of mutant embryos at 7.5 dpc. The length of the most apical cell-cell junctions was reduced, and basolateral surfaces of those cells were separated by multiple gaps. Cells of the embryonic ectoderm were less polarized as assessed by histological criteria and lateral localization of an apical marker. Mutant embryos died by 10 dpc, probably as a result of placental failure. CONCLUSIONS AF-6 is a critical regulator of cell-cell junctions during mouse development. The loss of neuroepithelial polarity in mutants is consistent with a loss of efficacy of the cell-cell junctions that have a critical role in establishing apical/basolateral asymmetry.
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Affiliation(s)
- A B Zhadanov
- McLaughlin Research Institute, 1520 23rd Street South, Great Falls, Montana 59405-4900, USA
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22
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Wong W, Fynn SP, Higgins RM, Walters H, Evans S, Deane C, Goss D, Bewick M, Snowden SA, Scoble JE, Hendry BM. Transplant renal artery stenosis in 77 patients--does it have an immunological cause? Transplantation 1996; 61:215-9. [PMID: 8600626 DOI: 10.1097/00007890-199601270-00009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Transplant renal artery stenosis (TRAS) is a common complication after transplantation and is an important cause of graft dysfunction. Damage from graft rejection, trauma, and atherosclerosis have been implicated as possible causes. We reviewed all 917 patients transplanted in our unit since 1978 to study the prevalence, clinical features, and possible causes of TRAS. Seventy-seven patients with TRAS were identified. The detected incidence was 2.4% before the introduction of color doppler ultrasonography (CDU) and rose to 12.4% after CDU was introduced in 1985, giving an overall incidence of 8.4% during a mean follow-up period of 6.9 years. The TRAS group was compared with a control group of 77 transplanted patients matched for age, year of transplant, sex, and number of previous grafts. Mean ages for the study and control groups were 43.6 +/- 15 and 44.8 +/- 13.7 yr. A total of 25% of cases of TRAS were diagnosed within the first 8 wk of transplantation and in 60% within the first 30 wk (median = 23 wk). All patients were treated with angioplasty, 28 patients had recurrence of TRAS requiring multiple angioplasties (maximum 5) and 1 went on to have surgery. Angioplasty resulted in a significant fall in plasma creatinine. Patient and graft survival were significantly worse in the TRAS group: 69% vs. 83% (P < 0.05) and 56% vs. 74% (P < 0.05) (TRAS vs. Control), respectively. There was a significantly higher incidence of rejection, especially cellular rejection in the TRAS group, 0.67 vs. 0.35 episodes per patient (P < 0.01) (TRAS vs. Control). Recurrence but not occurrence of TRAS was associated with the use of cyclosporine.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Wong
- Department of Radiology, King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom
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23
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De Bellis D, Liveris D, Goss D, Ringquist S, Schwartz I. Structure-function analysis of Escherichia coli translation initiation factor IF3: tyrosine 107 and lysine 110 are required for ribosome binding. Biochemistry 1992; 31:11984-90. [PMID: 1457399 DOI: 10.1021/bi00163a005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Translation initiation factor IF3 is required for peptide chain initiation in Escherichia coli. IF3 binds directly to 30S ribosomal subunits ensuring a constant supply of free 30S subunits for initiation complex formation, participates in the kinetic selection of the correct initiator region of mRNA, and destabilizes initiation complexes containing noninitiator tRNAs. The roles that tyrosine 107 and lysine 110 play in IF3 function were examined by site-directed mutagenesis. Tyrosine 107 was changed to either phenylalanine (Y107F) or leucine (Y107L), and lysine 110 was converted to either arginine (K110R) or leucine (K110L). These single amino acid changes resulted in a reduced affinity of IF3 for 30S subunits. Association equilibrium constants (M-1) for 30S subunit binding were as follows: wild-type, 7.8 x 10(7); Y107F, 4.1 x 10(7); Y107L, 1 x 10(7); K110R, 5.1 x 10(6); K110L, < 1 x 10(2). The mutant IF3s were similarly impaired in their abilities to specifically select initiation complexes containing tRNA(fMet). Toeprint analysis indicated that 5-fold more Y107L or K110R protein was required for proper initiator tRNA selection. K110L protein was unable to mediate this selection even at concentrations up to 10-fold higher than wild type. The results indicate that tyrosine 107 and lysine 110 are critical components of the ribosome binding domain of IF3 and, furthermore, that dissociation of complexes containing noninitiator tRNAs requires prior binding of IF3 to the ribosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- D De Bellis
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, New York Medical College, Valhalla 10595
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24
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Banerjee AK, Pearson J, Gilliland EL, Goss D, Lewis JD, Stirling Y, Meade TW. A six year prospective study of fibrinogen and other risk factors associated with mortality in stable claudicants. Thromb Haemost 1992; 68:261-3. [PMID: 1440489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
A total of 333 patients with stable intermittent claudication at recruitment were followed up for 6 years to determine risk factors associated with subsequent mortality. Cardiovascular diseases were the underlying cause of death in 78% of the 114 patients who died. The strongest independent predictor of death during the follow-up period was the plasma fibrinogen level, an increase of 1 milligram being associated with a nearly two-fold increase in the probability of death within the next 6 years. Age, low ankle/brachial pressure index and a past history of myocardial infarction also increased the probability of death during the study period. The plasma fibrinogen level is a valuable index of those patients with stable intermittent claudication at high risk of early mortality. The results also provide further evidence for the involvement of fibrinogen in the pathogenesis of arterial disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- A K Banerjee
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Northwick Park Hospital, Harrow, United Kingdom
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25
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