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Schreiber JA, Tajuddin NF, Kouzoukas DE, Kevala K, Kim HY, Collins MA. Moderate blood alcohol and brain neurovulnerability: Selective depletion of calcium-independent phospholipase A2, omega-3 docosahexaenoic acid, and its synaptamide derivative as a potential harbinger of deficits in anti-inflammatory reserve. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2021; 45:2506-2517. [PMID: 34719812 PMCID: PMC11049540 DOI: 10.1111/acer.14734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Repetitive, highly elevated blood alcohol (ethanol) concentrations (BACs) of 350 to 450 mg/dl over several days cause brain neurodegeneration and coincident neuroinflammation in adult rats localized in the hippocampus (HC), temporal cortex (especially the entorhinal cortex; ECX), and olfactory bulb (OB). The profuse neuroinflammation involves microgliosis, increased proinflammatory cytokines, and elevations of Ca+2 -dependent phospholipase A2 (cPLA2) and secretory PLA2 (sPLA2), which both mobilize proinflammatory ω-6 arachidonic acid (ARA). In contrast, Ca+2 -independent PLA2 (iPLA2) and anti-inflammatory ω-3 docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), a polyunsaturated fatty acid regulated primarily by iPLA2, are diminished. Furthermore, supplemented DHA exerts neuroprotection. Given uncertainties about the possible effects of lower circulating BACs that are common occurring during short- term binges, we examined how moderate BACs affected the above inflammatory events, and the impact of supplemented DHA. METHODS AND RESULTS Young adult male rats sustaining upper-moderate BACs (~150 mg/dl) from once-daily alcohol intubations were sacrificed with appropriate controls after 1 week. The HC, ECX and OB were quantitatively examined using immunoblotting, neurodegeneration staining, and lipidomics assays. Whereas neurodegeneration, increases in cPLA2 IVA, sPLA2 IIA, and ARA, and microglial activation were not detected, the HC and ECX regions demonstrated significantly reduced iPLA2 levels. Levels of DHA and synaptamide, its anti-inflammatory N-docosahexaenoylethanolamide derivative, also were lower in HC, and DHA supplementation prevented the iPLA2 decrements in HC. Additionally, adult mice maintaining upper-moderate BACs from limited alcohol binges had reduced midbrain iPLA2 levels. CONCLUSIONS The apparently selective depletion by moderate BACs of the metabolically linked anti-inflammatory triad of hippocampal iPLA2, DHA, and synaptamide, and of iPLA2 in the ECX, potentially indicates an unappreciated deficit in brain anti-inflammatory reserve that may be a harbinger of regional neurovulnerability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer A Schreiber
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Loyola University Chicago, Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, Illinois, USA
- Alcohol Research Program, Loyola University Chicago, Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, Illinois, USA
- Research Service, Edward Hines Jr. VA Hospital, Hines, Illinois, USA
| | - Nuzhath F Tajuddin
- Molecular Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Loyola University Chicago, Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, Illinois, USA
| | - Dimitrios E Kouzoukas
- Research Service, Edward Hines Jr. VA Hospital, Hines, Illinois, USA
- Molecular Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Loyola University Chicago, Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, Illinois, USA
| | - Karl Kevala
- Laboratory of Molecular Signaling, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Hee-Yong Kim
- Laboratory of Molecular Signaling, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Michael A Collins
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Loyola University Chicago, Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, Illinois, USA
- Alcohol Research Program, Loyola University Chicago, Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, Illinois, USA
- Molecular Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Loyola University Chicago, Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, Illinois, USA
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Weinstein B, da Silva AR, Kouzoukas DE, Bose T, Kim GJ, Correa PA, Pondugula S, Lee Y, Kim J, Carpenter DO. Precision Mapping of COVID-19 Vulnerable Locales by Epidemiological and Socioeconomic Risk Factors, Developed Using South Korean Data. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2021; 18:ijerph18020604. [PMID: 33445701 PMCID: PMC7828122 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18020604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
COVID-19 has severely impacted socioeconomically disadvantaged populations. To support pandemic control strategies, geographically weighted negative binomial regression (GWNBR) mapped COVID-19 risk related to epidemiological and socioeconomic risk factors using South Korean incidence data (20 January 2020 to 1 July 2020). We constructed COVID-19-specific socioeconomic and epidemiological themes using established social theoretical frameworks and created composite indexes through principal component analysis. The risk of COVID-19 increased with higher area morbidity, risky health behaviours, crowding, and population mobility, and with lower social distancing, healthcare access, and education. Falling COVID-19 risks and spatial shifts over three consecutive time periods reflected effective public health interventions. This study provides a globally replicable methodological framework and precision mapping for COVID-19 and future pandemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bayarmagnai Weinstein
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University at Albany, Rensselaer, New York, NY 12144, USA;
- Principles and Practice of Clinical Research Program, T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Alan R. da Silva
- Department of Statistics, University of Brasília, Brasília 70910-900, Brazil;
| | - Dimitrios E. Kouzoukas
- Research Service, Edward Hines Jr. VA Hospital, Hines, IL 60141, USA;
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL 60153, USA
| | - Tanima Bose
- Institute for Clinical Neuroimmunology, Ludwig-Maximilian University of Munich, Planegg-Martinsried, 82152 Munich, Germany;
| | - Gwang Jin Kim
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany;
| | | | - Santhi Pondugula
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA;
| | - YoonJung Lee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, TX 79106, USA;
| | - Jihoo Kim
- Department of Computer Science, Hanyang University, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 04763, Korea;
| | - David O. Carpenter
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University at Albany, Rensselaer, New York, NY 12144, USA;
- Institute for Health and the Environment, University at Albany, Rensselaer, NY 12144, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-518-252-2660
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Kouzoukas DE, Schreiber JA, Tajuddin NF, Kaja S, Neafsey EJ, Kim HY, Collins MA. PARP inhibition in vivo blocks alcohol-induced brain neurodegeneration and neuroinflammatory cytosolic phospholipase A2 elevations. Neurochem Int 2019; 129:104497. [PMID: 31251945 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2019.104497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Revised: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Chronic alcoholism promotes brain damage that impairs memory and cognition. High binge alcohol levels in adult rats also cause substantial neurodamage to memory-linked regions, notably, the hippocampus (HC) and entorhinal cortex (ECX). Concurrent with neurodegeneration, alcohol elevates poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1) and cytosolic phospholipase A2 (cPLA2) levels. PARP-1 triggers necrosis when excessively activated, while cPLA2 liberates neuroinflammatory ω-6 arachidonic acid. Inhibitors of PARP exert in vitro neuroprotection while suppressing cPLA2 elevations in alcohol-treated HC-ECX slice cultures. Here, we examined in vivo neuroprotection and cPLA2 suppression by the PARP inhibitor, veliparib, in a recognized adult rat model of alcohol-binging. Adult male rats received Vanilla Ensure containing alcohol (ethanol, 7.1 ± 0.3 g/kg/day), or control (dextrose) ± veliparib (25 mg/kg/day), by gavage 3x daily for 4 days. Rats were sacrificed on the morning after the final binge. HC and ECX neurodegeneration was assessed in fixed sections by Fluoro-Jade B (FJB) staining. Dorsal HC, ventral HC, and ECX cPLA2 levels were quantified by immunoblotting. Like other studies using this model, alcohol binges elevated FJB staining in the HC (dentate gyrus) and ECX, indicating neurodegeneration. Veliparib co-treatment significantly reduced dentate gyrus and ECX neurodegeneration by 79% and 66%, respectively. Alcohol binges increased cPLA2 in the ventral HC by 34% and ECX by 72%, which veliparib co-treatment largely prevented. Dorsal HC cPLA2 levels remained unaffected by alcohol binges, consistent with negligible FJB staining in this brain region. These in vivo results support an emerging key role for PARP in binge alcohol-induced neurodegeneration and cPLA2-related neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitrios E Kouzoukas
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA; Alcohol Research Program, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA; Research Service, Edward Hines Jr. VA Hospital, Hines, IL, USA.
| | - Jennifer A Schreiber
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA; Alcohol Research Program, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA
| | - Nuzhath F Tajuddin
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA
| | - Simon Kaja
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA; Neuroscience Graduate Program, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA; Alcohol Research Program, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA; Burn Shock Trauma Research Institute, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA; Research Service, Edward Hines Jr. VA Hospital, Hines, IL, USA
| | - Edward J Neafsey
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA
| | - Hee-Yong Kim
- Laboratory of Molecular Signaling, National Institute of Alcoholism and Alcohol Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Michael A Collins
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA; Neuroscience Graduate Program, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA; Alcohol Research Program, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA
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Abstract
MIF mediates bladder pain but not bladder inflammation induced by CYP. ISO-1 blocks CYP induced bladder inflammation independent of MIF. MIF may mediate bladder pain by promoting bladder ERK phosphorylation.
Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF), a proinflammatory mediator, is recognized as a player in inflammatory and neuropathic pain. Cyclophosphamide (CYP) results in bladder inflammation and pain and it’s a frequently used animal model of interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome (IC/BPS). Because pretreatment with a MIF inhibitor (ISO-1) prevented both CYP-induced bladder pain and inflammation we used genetic MIF knockout (KO) mice to further investigate MIF’s role in CYP-induced bladder pain and inflammation. Abdominal mechanical threshold measured bladder pain induced by CYP in wild type (WT) and MIF KO mice at several time points (0–48 h). End-point (48 h) changes in micturition parameters and histological signs of bladder inflammation were also evaluated. Abdominal mechanical hypersensitivity developed within 4 h after CYP injection (and lasted for the entire observation period: 48 h) in WT mice. MIF KO mice, on the other hand, did not develop abdominal mechanical hypersensitivity suggesting that MIF is a pivotal molecule in mediating CYP-induced bladder pain. Both WT and MIF KO mice treated with CYP showed histological signs of marked bladder inflammation and showed a significant decrease in micturition volume and increase in frequency. Since both changes were blocked in MIF KO mice by pretreatment with a MIF inhibitor (ISO-1) it is likely these are non-specific effects of ISO-1. MIF mediates CYP-induced bladder pain but not CYP-induced bladder inflammation. The locus of effect (bladder) or central (spinal) for MIF mediation of bladder pain remains to be determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Ma
- Research and Development, Lexington Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Lexington, Kentucky, United States of America.,Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - Dimitrios E Kouzoukas
- Research and Development, Lexington Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Lexington, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - Katherine L Meyer-Siegler
- Department of Natural Sciences, St. Petersburg College, St. Petersburg, Florida, United States of America
| | - David E Hunt
- Research and Development, Lexington Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Lexington, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - Lin Leng
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Richard Bucala
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Pedro L Vera
- Research and Development, Lexington Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Lexington, Kentucky, United States of America.,Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, United States of America.,Department of Surgery, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, United States of America
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Ma F, Kouzoukas DE, Meyer-Siegler KL, Hunt DE, Leng L, Bucala R, Vera PL. Macrophage migration inhibitory factor mediates protease-activated receptor 4-induced bladder pain through urothelial high mobility group box 1. Physiol Rep 2018; 5:5/24/e13549. [PMID: 29263120 PMCID: PMC5742707 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.13549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2017] [Revised: 11/22/2017] [Accepted: 11/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) mediates pain although the mechanisms are not well understood. Urothelial activation of protease activated receptor 4 (PAR4) results in urothelial MIF release, urothelial high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) release and bladder pain in mice without bladder inflammation. All three effects are prevented by MIF inhibition while intravesical disulfide HMGB1 alone can induce bladder pain. This study utilizes genetic MIF deletion to determine whether MIF mediates PAR4‐induced bladder pain and is upstream of HMGB1‐induced bladder pain. Wild type (C57/BL6) and MIF knockout (KO) mice were treated with intravesical PAR4 activating peptide or disulfide HMGB1 and tested for abdominal mechanical hypersensitivity at baseline (before treatment) and 24 h after injection. Micturition parameters and bladder histology were examined after behavioral test. Real‐time PCR and western blotting measured HMGB1 mRNA and protein levels in the bladders of naïve wild type and MIF KO mice, while immunofluorescence measured HMGB1 protein levels in the urothelium of both strains. Intravesical PAR4 activation resulted in abdominal mechanical hypersensitivity in wild‐type mice but not MIF KO mice. Intravesical disulfide HMGB1 induced abdominal mechanical hypersensitivity in both strains. Neither treatment resulted in significant changes in micturition or bladder histology in either strain. HMGB1 mRNA and protein levels were higher in MIF KO mouse bladders and the urothelium of MIF KO bladder had greater immunostaining than the wild‐type strain. MIF is a pivotal molecule mediating PAR4‐induced bladder pain and regulating urothelial HMGB1 production and release to elicit bladder pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Ma
- Research and Development, Lexington Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Lexington, Kentucky.,Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
| | - Dimitrios E Kouzoukas
- Research and Development, Lexington Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Lexington, Kentucky.,Saha Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
| | | | - David E Hunt
- Research and Development, Lexington Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Lexington, Kentucky
| | - Lin Leng
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Richard Bucala
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Pedro L Vera
- Research and Development, Lexington Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Lexington, Kentucky .,Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky.,Department of Surgery, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
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Vera PL, Preston DM, Moldwin RM, Erickson DR, Mowlazadeh B, Ma F, Kouzoukas DE, Meyer-Siegler KL, Fall M. Elevated Urine Levels of Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor in Inflammatory Bladder Conditions: A Potential Biomarker for a Subgroup of Interstitial Cystitis/Bladder Pain Syndrome Patients. Urology 2018; 116:55-62. [PMID: 29580781 DOI: 10.1016/j.urology.2018.02.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2017] [Revised: 01/23/2018] [Accepted: 02/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate whether urinary levels of macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) are elevated in interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome (IC/BPS) patients with Hunner lesions and also whether urine MIF is elevated in other forms of inflammatory cystitis. METHODS Urine samples were assayed for MIF by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Urine samples from 3 female groups were examined: IC/BPS patients without (N = 55) and with Hunner lesions (N = 43), and non-IC/BPS patients (N = 100; control group; no history of IC/BPS; cancer or recent bacterial cystitis). Urine samples from 3 male groups were examined: patients with bacterial cystitis (N = 50), radiation cystitis (N = 18) and noncystitis patients (N = 119; control group; negative for bacterial cystitis). RESULTS Urine MIF (mean MIF pg/mL ± standard error of the mean) was increased in female IC/BPS patients with Hunner lesions (2159 ± 435.3) compared with IC/BPS patients without Hunner lesions (460 ± 114.5) or non-IC/BPS patients (414 ± 47.6). Receiver operating curve analyses showed that urine MIF levels discriminated between the 2 IC groups (area under the curve = 72%; confidence interval 61%-82%). Male patients with bacterial and radiation cystitis had elevated urine MIF levels (2839 ± 757.1 and 4404 ± 1548.1, respectively) compared with noncystitis patients (681 ± 75.2). CONCLUSION Urine MIF is elevated in IC/BPS patients with Hunner lesions and also in patients with other bladder inflammatory and painful conditions. MIF may also serve as a noninvasive biomarker to select IC/BPS patients more accurately for endoscopic evaluation and possible anti-inflammatory treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro L Vera
- Lexington VA Medical Center, Lexington, KY; Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY; Department of Surgery, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY.
| | - David M Preston
- Lexington VA Medical Center, Lexington, KY; Department of Urology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
| | - Robert M Moldwin
- The Arthur Smith Institute for Urology, Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra-Northwell, Lake Success, NY
| | | | | | - Fei Ma
- Lexington VA Medical Center, Lexington, KY; Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
| | - Dimitrios E Kouzoukas
- Lexington VA Medical Center, Lexington, KY; Saha Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
| | - Katherine L Meyer-Siegler
- Department of Natural Sciences, St. Petersburg College, St Petersburg, FL; The Bay Pines VA Healthcare System, Bay Pines, FL
| | - Magnus Fall
- Department of Urology, Institute of Clinical Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Göteborg, Sweden
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Henry RG, Raybould TP, Romond K, Kouzoukas DE, Challman SD. Clonidine as a preoperative sedative. Spec Care Dentist 2018; 38:80-88. [PMID: 29364538 DOI: 10.1111/scd.12269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to -examine the use of oral clonidine as a preoperative sedative prior to parenteral moderate sedation. Initially, four patients were given 0.2 mg oral clonidine but reduced to 0.1 mg clonidine due to -significant drops in blood pressure. Oral clonidine doses of 0.1 mg were then given to 19 patients preoperatively. In all these patients, blood pressure measurements decreased, but there were no significant differences in amounts of sedative agents needed in the clonidine group and the control group (N = 80). The conclusions reached suggest that clonidine has an advantage over other preoperative sedation agents in anxious patients exhibiting hypertension and tachycardia. However, the preop ideal dose required to reduce the amount of sedative drugs used as well as provide anxiolysis remains unknown. In further studies, different doses should be explored to determine what dosage of clonidine may offer hemodynamic protection as well as decrease sedative drugs needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert G Henry
- Chief of Dental Services, Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Lexington, Kentucky and Associate Professor, College of Dentistry of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
| | - Ted P Raybould
- Program Director, Kentucky Clinic and Professor, College of Dentistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
| | - Kelli Romond
- Director of Dental Research, Staff Dentist, VA Dental Service, Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Lexington, Kentucky
| | - Dimitrios E Kouzoukas
- Research Assistant Professor, Department of Molecular Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Loyola University Chicago Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, Illinois
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Ma F, Kouzoukas DE, Meyer-Siegler KL, Westlund KN, Hunt DE, Vera PL. Disulfide high mobility group box-1 causes bladder pain through bladder Toll-like receptor 4. BMC Physiol 2017; 17:6. [PMID: 28545586 PMCID: PMC5445386 DOI: 10.1186/s12899-017-0032-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2016] [Accepted: 05/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bladder pain is a prominent symptom in several urological conditions (e.g. infection, painful bladder syndrome/interstitial cystitis, cancer). Understanding the mechanism of bladder pain is important, particularly when the pain is not accompanied by bladder pathology. Stimulation of protease activated receptor 4 (PAR4) in the urothelium results in bladder pain through release of urothelial high mobility group box-1 (HMGB1). HGMB1 has two functionally active redox states (disulfide and all-thiol) and it is not known which form elicits bladder pain. Therefore, we investigated whether intravesical administration of specific HMGB1 redox forms caused abdominal mechanical hypersensitivity, micturition changes, and bladder inflammation in female C57BL/6 mice 24 hours post-administration. Moreover, we determined which of the specific HMGB1 receptors, Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) or receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE), mediate HMGB1-induced changes. RESULTS Disulfide HMGB1 elicited abdominal mechanical hypersensitivity 24 hours after intravesical (5, 10, 20 μg/150 μl) instillation. In contrast, all-thiol HMGB1 did not produce abdominal mechanical hypersensitivity in any of the doses tested (1, 2, 5, 10, 20 μg/150 μl). Both HMGB1 redox forms caused micturition changes only at the highest dose tested (20 μg/150 μl) while eliciting mild bladder edema and reactive changes at all doses. We subsequently tested whether the effects of intravesical disulfide HMGB1 (10 μg/150 μl; a dose that did not produce inflammation) were prevented by systemic (i.p.) or local (intravesical) administration of either a TLR4 antagonist (TAK-242) or a RAGE antagonist (FPS-ZM1). Systemic administration of either TAK-242 (3 mg/kg) or FPS-ZM1 (10 mg/kg) prevented HMGB1 induced abdominal mechanical hypersensitivity while only intravesical TLR4 antagonist pretreatment (1.5 mg/ml; not RAGE) had this effect. CONCLUSIONS The disulfide form of HMGB1 mediates bladder pain directly (not secondary to inflammation or injury) through activation of TLR4 receptors in the bladder. Thus, TLR4 receptors are a specific local target for bladder pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Ma
- Research and Development, Lexington Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 1101 Veterans Drive, Room C-327, Lexington, Kentucky, 40502, USA.,Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Dimitrios E Kouzoukas
- Research and Development, Lexington Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 1101 Veterans Drive, Room C-327, Lexington, Kentucky, 40502, USA.,Saha Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA.,Present Address: Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, Illinois, USA
| | | | - Karin N Westlund
- Research and Development, Lexington Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 1101 Veterans Drive, Room C-327, Lexington, Kentucky, 40502, USA.,Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - David E Hunt
- Research and Development, Lexington Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 1101 Veterans Drive, Room C-327, Lexington, Kentucky, 40502, USA
| | - Pedro L Vera
- Research and Development, Lexington Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 1101 Veterans Drive, Room C-327, Lexington, Kentucky, 40502, USA. .,Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA. .,Department of Surgery, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA.
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Kouzoukas DE, Meyer-Siegler KL, Ma F, Westlund KN, Hunt DE, Vera PL. Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor Mediates PAR-Induced Bladder Pain. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0127628. [PMID: 26020638 PMCID: PMC4447427 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0127628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2015] [Accepted: 04/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF), a pro-inflammatory cytokine, is constitutively expressed in urothelial cells that also express protease-activated receptors (PAR). Urothelial PAR1 receptors were shown to mediate bladder inflammation. We showed that PAR1 and PAR4 activator, thrombin, also mediates urothelial MIF release. We hypothesized that stimulation of urothelial PAR1 or PAR4 receptors elicits release of urothelial MIF that acts on MIF receptors in the urothelium to mediate bladder inflammation and pain. Thus, we examined the effect of activation of specific bladder PAR receptors on MIF release, bladder pain, micturition and histological changes. Methods MIF release was measured in vitro after exposing immortalized human urothelial cells (UROtsa) to PAR1 or PAR4 activating peptides (AP). Female C57BL/6 mice received intravesical PAR1- or PAR4-AP for one hour to determine: 1) bladder MIF release in vivo within one hour; 2) abdominal hypersensitivity (allodynia) to von Frey filament stimulation 24 hours after treatment; 3) micturition parameters 24 hours after treatment; 4) histological changes in the bladder as a result of treatment; 5) changes in expression of bladder MIF and MIF receptors using real-time RT-PCR; 6) changes in urothelial MIF and MIF receptor, CXCR4, protein levels using quantitative immunofluorescence; 7) effect of MIF or CXCR4 antagonism. Results PAR1- or PAR4-AP triggered MIF release from both human urothelial cells in vitro and mouse urothelium in vivo. Twenty-four hours after intravesical PAR1- or PAR4-AP, we observed abdominal hypersensitivity in mice without changes in micturition or bladder histology. PAR4-AP was more effective and also increased expression of bladder MIF and urothelium MIF receptor, CXCR4. Bladder CXCR4 localized to the urothelium. Antagonizing MIF with ISO-1 eliminated PAR4- and reduced PAR1-induced hypersensitivity, while antagonizing CXCR4 with AMD3100 only partially prevented PAR4-induced hypersensitivity. Conclusions Bladder PAR activation elicits urothelial MIF release and urothelial MIF receptor signaling at least partly through CXCR4 to result in abdominal hypersensitivity without overt bladder inflammation. PAR-induced bladder pain may represent an interesting pre-clinical model of Interstitial Cystitis/Painful Bladder Syndrome (IC/PBS) where pain occurs without apparent bladder injury or pathology. MIF is potentially a novel therapeutic target for bladder pain in IC/PBS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitrios E. Kouzoukas
- Research and Development, Lexington Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Lexington, Kentucky, United States of America
- Saha Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Katherine L. Meyer-Siegler
- Department of Natural Sciences, St. Petersburg College, St. Petersburg, Florida, United States of America
| | - Fei Ma
- Research and Development, Lexington Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Lexington, Kentucky, United States of America
- Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - Karin N. Westlund
- Research and Development, Lexington Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Lexington, Kentucky, United States of America
- Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - David E. Hunt
- Research and Development, Lexington Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Lexington, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - Pedro L. Vera
- Research and Development, Lexington Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Lexington, Kentucky, United States of America
- Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, United States of America
- Department of Surgery, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, United States of America
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Kouzoukas DE, Meyer-Siegler KL, Ma F, Westlund KN, Hunt DE, Vera PL. MP21-17 MACROPHAGE MIGRATION INHIBITORY FACTOR MEDIATES PROTEASE ACTIVATED RECEPTOR-INDUCED BLADDER PAIN. J Urol 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.juro.2015.02.969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Kouzoukas DE, Li G, Takapoo M, Moninger T, Bhalla RC, Pantazis NJ. Intracellular calcium plays a critical role in the alcohol-mediated death of cerebellar granule neurons. J Neurochem 2012; 124:323-35. [PMID: 23121601 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.12076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2012] [Revised: 09/30/2012] [Accepted: 10/10/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Alcohol is a potent neuroteratogen that can trigger neuronal death in the developing brain. However, the mechanism underlying this alcohol-induced neuronal death is not fully understood. Utilizing primary cultures of cerebellar granule neurons (CGN), we tested the hypothesis that the alcohol-induced increase in intracellular calcium [Ca(2+)](i) causes the death of CGN. Alcohol induced a dose-dependent (200-800 mg/dL) neuronal death within 24 h. Ratiometric Ca(2+) imaging with Fura-2 revealed that alcohol causes a rapid (1-2 min), dose-dependent increase in [Ca(2+)](i), which persisted for the duration of the experiment (5 or 7 min). The alcohol-induced increase in [Ca(2+)](i) was observed in Ca(2+) -free media, suggesting intracellular Ca(2+) release. Pre-treatment of CGN cultures with an inhibitor (2-APB) of the inositol-triphosphate receptor (IP(3) R), which regulates Ca(2+) release from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), blocked both the alcohol-induced rise in [Ca(2+)](i) and the neuronal death caused by alcohol. Similarly, pre-treatment with BAPTA/AM, a Ca(2+) -chelator, also inhibited the alcohol-induced surge in [Ca(2+) ](i) and prevented neuronal death. In conclusion, alcohol disrupts [Ca(2+)](i) homeostasis in CGN by releasing Ca(2+) from intracellular stores, resulting in a sustained increase in [Ca(2+)](i). This sustained increase in [Ca(2+)](i) may be a key determinant in the mechanism underlying alcohol-induced neuronal death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitrios E Kouzoukas
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Carver College of Medicine, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
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Abstract
Although the neural substrates of induced emotion have been the focus of numerous investigations, the factors related to individual variation in emotional experience have rarely been investigated in older adults. Twenty-six older normal subjects (mean age, 54) were shown color slides to elicit emotions of sadness, fear, or happiness and asked to rate the intensity of their emotional responses. Subjects who experienced negative emotion most intensely showed relative impairment on every aspect of the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test. Intense positive emotion was associated with relatively impaired performance on the Rey Complex Figure Test. The volume of frontal brain structures, however, was not associated with emotion responses. Hemisphere-specific executive dysfunction was associated with greater intensity of emotional experience in normal older subjects. The role of these differences in intensity of induced emotion and impairment in executive function in daily social and vocational activity should be investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert G Robinson
- University of Iowa, Department of Psychiatry, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
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