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Oury V, Caldeira CF, Prodhomme D, Pichon JP, Gibon Y, Tardieu F, Turc O. Is Change in Ovary Carbon Status a Cause or a Consequence of Maize Ovary Abortion in Water Deficit during Flowering? Plant Physiol 2016; 171:997-1008. [PMID: 27208256 PMCID: PMC4902574 DOI: 10.1104/pp.15.01130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2015] [Accepted: 04/15/2016] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Flower or grain abortion causes large yield losses under water deficit. In maize (Zea mays), it is often attributed to a carbon limitation via the disruption of sucrose cleavage by cell wall invertases in developing ovaries. We have tested this hypothesis versus another linked to the expansive growth of ovaries and silks. We have measured, in silks and ovaries of well-watered or moderately droughted plants, the transcript abundances of genes involved in either tissue expansion or sugar metabolism, together with the concentrations and amounts of sugars, and with the activities of major enzymes of carbon metabolism. Photosynthesis and indicators of sugar export, measured during water deprivation, suggested sugar export maintained by the leaf. The first molecular changes occurred in silks rather than in ovaries and involved genes affecting expansive growth rather than sugar metabolism. Changes in the concentrations and amounts of sugars and in the activities of enzymes of sugar metabolism occurred in apical ovaries that eventually aborted, but probably after the switch to abortion of these ovaries. Hence, we propose that, under moderate water deficits corresponding to most European drought scenarios, changes in carbon metabolism during flowering time are a consequence rather than a cause of the beginning of ovary abortion. A carbon-driven ovary abortion may occur later in the cycle in the case of carbon shortage or under very severe water deficits. These findings support the view that, until the end of silking, expansive growth of reproductive organs is the primary event leading to abortion, rather than a disruption of carbon metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Oury
- INRA, UMR 759 LEPSE, 34060 Montpellier, France (V.O., C.F.C., F.T., O.T.);INRA, UMR Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, 33883 Villenave d'Ornon, France (D.P., Y.G.);INRA, Plateforme Métabolome Bordeaux, 33883 Villenave d'Ornon, France (D.P.); andBiogemma, Centre de Rercherche de Chappes, 63720 Chappes, France (J.-P.P.)
| | - Cecilio F Caldeira
- INRA, UMR 759 LEPSE, 34060 Montpellier, France (V.O., C.F.C., F.T., O.T.);INRA, UMR Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, 33883 Villenave d'Ornon, France (D.P., Y.G.);INRA, Plateforme Métabolome Bordeaux, 33883 Villenave d'Ornon, France (D.P.); andBiogemma, Centre de Rercherche de Chappes, 63720 Chappes, France (J.-P.P.)
| | - Duyên Prodhomme
- INRA, UMR 759 LEPSE, 34060 Montpellier, France (V.O., C.F.C., F.T., O.T.);INRA, UMR Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, 33883 Villenave d'Ornon, France (D.P., Y.G.);INRA, Plateforme Métabolome Bordeaux, 33883 Villenave d'Ornon, France (D.P.); andBiogemma, Centre de Rercherche de Chappes, 63720 Chappes, France (J.-P.P.)
| | - Jean-Philippe Pichon
- INRA, UMR 759 LEPSE, 34060 Montpellier, France (V.O., C.F.C., F.T., O.T.);INRA, UMR Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, 33883 Villenave d'Ornon, France (D.P., Y.G.);INRA, Plateforme Métabolome Bordeaux, 33883 Villenave d'Ornon, France (D.P.); andBiogemma, Centre de Rercherche de Chappes, 63720 Chappes, France (J.-P.P.)
| | - Yves Gibon
- INRA, UMR 759 LEPSE, 34060 Montpellier, France (V.O., C.F.C., F.T., O.T.);INRA, UMR Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, 33883 Villenave d'Ornon, France (D.P., Y.G.);INRA, Plateforme Métabolome Bordeaux, 33883 Villenave d'Ornon, France (D.P.); andBiogemma, Centre de Rercherche de Chappes, 63720 Chappes, France (J.-P.P.)
| | - François Tardieu
- INRA, UMR 759 LEPSE, 34060 Montpellier, France (V.O., C.F.C., F.T., O.T.);INRA, UMR Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, 33883 Villenave d'Ornon, France (D.P., Y.G.);INRA, Plateforme Métabolome Bordeaux, 33883 Villenave d'Ornon, France (D.P.); andBiogemma, Centre de Rercherche de Chappes, 63720 Chappes, France (J.-P.P.)
| | - Olivier Turc
- INRA, UMR 759 LEPSE, 34060 Montpellier, France (V.O., C.F.C., F.T., O.T.);INRA, UMR Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, 33883 Villenave d'Ornon, France (D.P., Y.G.);INRA, Plateforme Métabolome Bordeaux, 33883 Villenave d'Ornon, France (D.P.); andBiogemma, Centre de Rercherche de Chappes, 63720 Chappes, France (J.-P.P.)
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Biais B, Bénard C, Beauvoit B, Colombié S, Prodhomme D, Ménard G, Bernillon S, Gehl B, Gautier H, Ballias P, Mazat JP, Sweetlove L, Génard M, Gibon Y. Remarkable reproducibility of enzyme activity profiles in tomato fruits grown under contrasting environments provides a roadmap for studies of fruit metabolism. Plant Physiol 2014; 164:1204-21. [PMID: 24474652 PMCID: PMC3938614 DOI: 10.1104/pp.113.231241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2013] [Accepted: 01/28/2014] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
To assess the influence of the environment on fruit metabolism, tomato (Solanum lycopersicum 'Moneymaker') plants were grown under contrasting conditions (optimal for commercial, water limited, or shaded production) and locations. Samples were harvested at nine stages of development, and 36 enzyme activities of central metabolism were measured as well as protein, starch, and major metabolites, such as hexoses, sucrose, organic acids, and amino acids. The most remarkable result was the high reproducibility of enzyme activities throughout development, irrespective of conditions or location. Hierarchical clustering of enzyme activities also revealed tight relationships between metabolic pathways and phases of development. Thus, cell division was characterized by high activities of fructokinase, glucokinase, pyruvate kinase, and tricarboxylic acid cycle enzymes, indicating ATP production as a priority, whereas cell expansion was characterized by enzymes involved in the lower part of glycolysis, suggesting a metabolic reprogramming to anaplerosis. As expected, enzymes involved in the accumulation of sugars, citrate, and glutamate were strongly increased during ripening. However, a group of enzymes involved in ATP production, which is probably fueled by starch degradation, was also increased. Metabolites levels seemed more sensitive than enzymes to the environment, although such differences tended to decrease at ripening. The integration of enzyme and metabolite data obtained under contrasting growth conditions using principal component analysis suggests that, with the exceptions of alanine amino transferase and glutamate and malate dehydrogenase and malate, there are no links between single enzyme activities and metabolite time courses or levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benoît Biais
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1332 Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, F–33883 Villenave d’Ornon, France (B.Bi., C.B., B.Be., S.C., D.P., G.M., S.B., P.B., Y.G.)
- University of Bordeaux, Département Sciences de la Vie et de la Santé, F–33076 Bordeaux cedex, France (B.Bi., C.B., B.Be., S.C., D.P., G.M., S.B., P.B., J.-P.M., Y.G.)
- Plateforme Métabolome Bordeaux, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique—Bordeaux, F–33883 Villenave d'Ornon, France (B.Bi., C.B., B.Be., S.C., D.P., G.M., S.B., P.B., Y.G.)
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Unité de Recherche 1115 Plantes et Systèmes de culture Horticoles, F–84914 Avignon cedex 9, France (C.B., H.G., M.G.); and
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RB, United Kingdom (B.G., L.S.)
| | - Camille Bénard
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1332 Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, F–33883 Villenave d’Ornon, France (B.Bi., C.B., B.Be., S.C., D.P., G.M., S.B., P.B., Y.G.)
- University of Bordeaux, Département Sciences de la Vie et de la Santé, F–33076 Bordeaux cedex, France (B.Bi., C.B., B.Be., S.C., D.P., G.M., S.B., P.B., J.-P.M., Y.G.)
- Plateforme Métabolome Bordeaux, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique—Bordeaux, F–33883 Villenave d'Ornon, France (B.Bi., C.B., B.Be., S.C., D.P., G.M., S.B., P.B., Y.G.)
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Unité de Recherche 1115 Plantes et Systèmes de culture Horticoles, F–84914 Avignon cedex 9, France (C.B., H.G., M.G.); and
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RB, United Kingdom (B.G., L.S.)
| | - Bertrand Beauvoit
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1332 Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, F–33883 Villenave d’Ornon, France (B.Bi., C.B., B.Be., S.C., D.P., G.M., S.B., P.B., Y.G.)
- University of Bordeaux, Département Sciences de la Vie et de la Santé, F–33076 Bordeaux cedex, France (B.Bi., C.B., B.Be., S.C., D.P., G.M., S.B., P.B., J.-P.M., Y.G.)
- Plateforme Métabolome Bordeaux, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique—Bordeaux, F–33883 Villenave d'Ornon, France (B.Bi., C.B., B.Be., S.C., D.P., G.M., S.B., P.B., Y.G.)
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Unité de Recherche 1115 Plantes et Systèmes de culture Horticoles, F–84914 Avignon cedex 9, France (C.B., H.G., M.G.); and
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RB, United Kingdom (B.G., L.S.)
| | - Sophie Colombié
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1332 Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, F–33883 Villenave d’Ornon, France (B.Bi., C.B., B.Be., S.C., D.P., G.M., S.B., P.B., Y.G.)
- University of Bordeaux, Département Sciences de la Vie et de la Santé, F–33076 Bordeaux cedex, France (B.Bi., C.B., B.Be., S.C., D.P., G.M., S.B., P.B., J.-P.M., Y.G.)
- Plateforme Métabolome Bordeaux, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique—Bordeaux, F–33883 Villenave d'Ornon, France (B.Bi., C.B., B.Be., S.C., D.P., G.M., S.B., P.B., Y.G.)
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Unité de Recherche 1115 Plantes et Systèmes de culture Horticoles, F–84914 Avignon cedex 9, France (C.B., H.G., M.G.); and
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RB, United Kingdom (B.G., L.S.)
| | - Duyên Prodhomme
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1332 Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, F–33883 Villenave d’Ornon, France (B.Bi., C.B., B.Be., S.C., D.P., G.M., S.B., P.B., Y.G.)
- University of Bordeaux, Département Sciences de la Vie et de la Santé, F–33076 Bordeaux cedex, France (B.Bi., C.B., B.Be., S.C., D.P., G.M., S.B., P.B., J.-P.M., Y.G.)
- Plateforme Métabolome Bordeaux, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique—Bordeaux, F–33883 Villenave d'Ornon, France (B.Bi., C.B., B.Be., S.C., D.P., G.M., S.B., P.B., Y.G.)
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Unité de Recherche 1115 Plantes et Systèmes de culture Horticoles, F–84914 Avignon cedex 9, France (C.B., H.G., M.G.); and
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RB, United Kingdom (B.G., L.S.)
| | - Guillaume Ménard
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1332 Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, F–33883 Villenave d’Ornon, France (B.Bi., C.B., B.Be., S.C., D.P., G.M., S.B., P.B., Y.G.)
- University of Bordeaux, Département Sciences de la Vie et de la Santé, F–33076 Bordeaux cedex, France (B.Bi., C.B., B.Be., S.C., D.P., G.M., S.B., P.B., J.-P.M., Y.G.)
- Plateforme Métabolome Bordeaux, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique—Bordeaux, F–33883 Villenave d'Ornon, France (B.Bi., C.B., B.Be., S.C., D.P., G.M., S.B., P.B., Y.G.)
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Unité de Recherche 1115 Plantes et Systèmes de culture Horticoles, F–84914 Avignon cedex 9, France (C.B., H.G., M.G.); and
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RB, United Kingdom (B.G., L.S.)
| | - Stéphane Bernillon
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1332 Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, F–33883 Villenave d’Ornon, France (B.Bi., C.B., B.Be., S.C., D.P., G.M., S.B., P.B., Y.G.)
- University of Bordeaux, Département Sciences de la Vie et de la Santé, F–33076 Bordeaux cedex, France (B.Bi., C.B., B.Be., S.C., D.P., G.M., S.B., P.B., J.-P.M., Y.G.)
- Plateforme Métabolome Bordeaux, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique—Bordeaux, F–33883 Villenave d'Ornon, France (B.Bi., C.B., B.Be., S.C., D.P., G.M., S.B., P.B., Y.G.)
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Unité de Recherche 1115 Plantes et Systèmes de culture Horticoles, F–84914 Avignon cedex 9, France (C.B., H.G., M.G.); and
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RB, United Kingdom (B.G., L.S.)
| | - Bernadette Gehl
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1332 Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, F–33883 Villenave d’Ornon, France (B.Bi., C.B., B.Be., S.C., D.P., G.M., S.B., P.B., Y.G.)
- University of Bordeaux, Département Sciences de la Vie et de la Santé, F–33076 Bordeaux cedex, France (B.Bi., C.B., B.Be., S.C., D.P., G.M., S.B., P.B., J.-P.M., Y.G.)
- Plateforme Métabolome Bordeaux, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique—Bordeaux, F–33883 Villenave d'Ornon, France (B.Bi., C.B., B.Be., S.C., D.P., G.M., S.B., P.B., Y.G.)
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Unité de Recherche 1115 Plantes et Systèmes de culture Horticoles, F–84914 Avignon cedex 9, France (C.B., H.G., M.G.); and
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RB, United Kingdom (B.G., L.S.)
| | - Hélène Gautier
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1332 Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, F–33883 Villenave d’Ornon, France (B.Bi., C.B., B.Be., S.C., D.P., G.M., S.B., P.B., Y.G.)
- University of Bordeaux, Département Sciences de la Vie et de la Santé, F–33076 Bordeaux cedex, France (B.Bi., C.B., B.Be., S.C., D.P., G.M., S.B., P.B., J.-P.M., Y.G.)
- Plateforme Métabolome Bordeaux, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique—Bordeaux, F–33883 Villenave d'Ornon, France (B.Bi., C.B., B.Be., S.C., D.P., G.M., S.B., P.B., Y.G.)
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Unité de Recherche 1115 Plantes et Systèmes de culture Horticoles, F–84914 Avignon cedex 9, France (C.B., H.G., M.G.); and
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RB, United Kingdom (B.G., L.S.)
| | - Patricia Ballias
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1332 Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, F–33883 Villenave d’Ornon, France (B.Bi., C.B., B.Be., S.C., D.P., G.M., S.B., P.B., Y.G.)
- University of Bordeaux, Département Sciences de la Vie et de la Santé, F–33076 Bordeaux cedex, France (B.Bi., C.B., B.Be., S.C., D.P., G.M., S.B., P.B., J.-P.M., Y.G.)
- Plateforme Métabolome Bordeaux, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique—Bordeaux, F–33883 Villenave d'Ornon, France (B.Bi., C.B., B.Be., S.C., D.P., G.M., S.B., P.B., Y.G.)
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Unité de Recherche 1115 Plantes et Systèmes de culture Horticoles, F–84914 Avignon cedex 9, France (C.B., H.G., M.G.); and
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RB, United Kingdom (B.G., L.S.)
| | - Jean-Pierre Mazat
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1332 Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, F–33883 Villenave d’Ornon, France (B.Bi., C.B., B.Be., S.C., D.P., G.M., S.B., P.B., Y.G.)
- University of Bordeaux, Département Sciences de la Vie et de la Santé, F–33076 Bordeaux cedex, France (B.Bi., C.B., B.Be., S.C., D.P., G.M., S.B., P.B., J.-P.M., Y.G.)
- Plateforme Métabolome Bordeaux, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique—Bordeaux, F–33883 Villenave d'Ornon, France (B.Bi., C.B., B.Be., S.C., D.P., G.M., S.B., P.B., Y.G.)
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Unité de Recherche 1115 Plantes et Systèmes de culture Horticoles, F–84914 Avignon cedex 9, France (C.B., H.G., M.G.); and
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RB, United Kingdom (B.G., L.S.)
| | - Lee Sweetlove
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1332 Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, F–33883 Villenave d’Ornon, France (B.Bi., C.B., B.Be., S.C., D.P., G.M., S.B., P.B., Y.G.)
- University of Bordeaux, Département Sciences de la Vie et de la Santé, F–33076 Bordeaux cedex, France (B.Bi., C.B., B.Be., S.C., D.P., G.M., S.B., P.B., J.-P.M., Y.G.)
- Plateforme Métabolome Bordeaux, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique—Bordeaux, F–33883 Villenave d'Ornon, France (B.Bi., C.B., B.Be., S.C., D.P., G.M., S.B., P.B., Y.G.)
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Unité de Recherche 1115 Plantes et Systèmes de culture Horticoles, F–84914 Avignon cedex 9, France (C.B., H.G., M.G.); and
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RB, United Kingdom (B.G., L.S.)
| | - Michel Génard
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1332 Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, F–33883 Villenave d’Ornon, France (B.Bi., C.B., B.Be., S.C., D.P., G.M., S.B., P.B., Y.G.)
- University of Bordeaux, Département Sciences de la Vie et de la Santé, F–33076 Bordeaux cedex, France (B.Bi., C.B., B.Be., S.C., D.P., G.M., S.B., P.B., J.-P.M., Y.G.)
- Plateforme Métabolome Bordeaux, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique—Bordeaux, F–33883 Villenave d'Ornon, France (B.Bi., C.B., B.Be., S.C., D.P., G.M., S.B., P.B., Y.G.)
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Unité de Recherche 1115 Plantes et Systèmes de culture Horticoles, F–84914 Avignon cedex 9, France (C.B., H.G., M.G.); and
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RB, United Kingdom (B.G., L.S.)
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