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Topál D, Ding Q, Ballinger TJ, Hanna E, Fettweis X, Li Z, Pieczka I. Discrepancies between observations and climate models of large-scale wind-driven Greenland melt influence sea-level rise projections. Nat Commun 2022; 13:6833. [PMID: 36376292 PMCID: PMC9663692 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-34414-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
While climate models project that Greenland ice sheet (GrIS) melt will continue to accelerate with climate change, models exhibit limitations in capturing observed connections between GrIS melt and changes in high-latitude atmospheric circulation. Here we impose observed Arctic winds in a fully-coupled climate model with fixed anthropogenic forcing to quantify the influence of the rotational component of large-scale atmospheric circulation variability over the Arctic on the temperature field and the surface mass/energy balances through adiabatic processes. We show that recent changes involving mid-to-upper-tropospheric anticyclonic wind anomalies – linked with tropical forcing – explain half of the observed Greenland surface warming and ice loss acceleration since 1990, suggesting a pathway for large-scale winds to potentially enhance sea-level rise by ~0.2 mm/year per decade. We further reveal fingerprints of this observed teleconnection in paleo-reanalyses spanning the past 400 years, which heightens concern about model limitations to capture wind-driven adiabatic processes associated with GrIS melt. Here, the authors highlight that a better representation of large-scale wind-driven warming processes in climate models has potential for lessening sea-level rise projection uncertainties associated with Greenland ice sheet melt.
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Abdessater M, Kanbar A, El Khoury J, Akl H, Halabi R, Assaf S, Hanna E, Boustany J, El Khoury R. Role of urinary cotinine level in the recurrence of non-muscle invasive bladder cancer. Eur Urol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/s0302-2838(21)01102-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Pascual D, Åkerman J, Becher M, Callaghan TV, Christensen TR, Dorrepaal E, Emanuelsson U, Giesler R, Hammarlund D, Hanna E, Hofgaard A, Jin H, Johansson C, Jonasson C, Klaminder J, Karlsson J, Lundin E, Michelsen A, Olefeldt D, Persson A, Phoenix GK, Rączkowska Z, Rinnan R, Ström L, Tang J, Varner RK, Wookey P, Johansson M. The missing pieces for better future predictions in subarctic ecosystems: A Torneträsk case study. Ambio 2021; 50:375-392. [PMID: 32920769 PMCID: PMC7782653 DOI: 10.1007/s13280-020-01381-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/08/2020] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Arctic and subarctic ecosystems are experiencing substantial changes in hydrology, vegetation, permafrost conditions, and carbon cycling, in response to climatic change and other anthropogenic drivers, and these changes are likely to continue over this century. The total magnitude of these changes results from multiple interactions among these drivers. Field measurements can address the overall responses to different changing drivers, but are less capable of quantifying the interactions among them. Currently, a comprehensive assessment of the drivers of ecosystem changes, and the magnitude of their direct and indirect impacts on subarctic ecosystems, is missing. The Torneträsk area, in the Swedish subarctic, has an unrivalled history of environmental observation over 100 years, and is one of the most studied sites in the Arctic. In this study, we summarize and rank the drivers of ecosystem change in the Torneträsk area, and propose research priorities identified, by expert assessment, to improve predictions of ecosystem changes. The research priorities identified include understanding impacts on ecosystems brought on by altered frequency and intensity of winter warming events, evapotranspiration rates, rainfall, duration of snow cover and lake-ice, changed soil moisture, and droughts. This case study can help us understand the ongoing ecosystem changes occurring in the Torneträsk area, and contribute to improve predictions of future ecosystem changes at a larger scale. This understanding will provide the basis for the future mitigation and adaptation plans needed in a changing climate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Didac Pascual
- Department of Physical Geography and Ecosystem Science, Lund University, Sölvegatan 12, 223 62 Lund, Sweden
| | - Jonas Åkerman
- Department of Physical Geography and Ecosystem Science, Lund University, Sölvegatan 12, 223 62 Lund, Sweden
| | - Marina Becher
- Geological Survey of Sweden, Box 670, 751 28 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Terry V. Callaghan
- Alfred Denny Building, University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield, S10 2TN UK
- Department of Botany, National Research Tomsk State University, 36 Lenin Ave., Tomsk, Russia 634050
| | - Torben R. Christensen
- Department of Bioscience, Faculty of Technical Sciences, Aarhus University, Frederiksborgvej 399, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Ellen Dorrepaal
- Climate Impacts Research Centre, Department of Ecology and Environmental Science, Umeå University, 90187 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Urban Emanuelsson
- Swedish Biodiversity Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Mobergavägen 19, 373 54 Senoren, Sweden
| | - Reiner Giesler
- Climate Impacts Research Centre, Department of Ecology and Environmental Science, Umeå University, 90187 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Dan Hammarlund
- Department of Geology, Lund University, Sölvegatan 12, 223 62 Lund, Sweden
| | - Edward Hanna
- School of Geography, Think Tank, Ruston Way, Lincoln, LN6 7FL UK
| | - Annika Hofgaard
- Norwegian Institute for Nature Research, Torgarden, P.O. Box 5685, 7485 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Hongxiao Jin
- Department of Physical Geography and Ecosystem Science, Lund University, Sölvegatan 12, 223 62 Lund, Sweden
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs., Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Cecilia Johansson
- Department of Earth Sciences, Uppsala University, Villavägen 16, 752 36 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Christer Jonasson
- Department of Social and Economic Geography, Uppsala University, Box 513, 751 20 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jonatan Klaminder
- Climate Impacts Research Centre, Department of Ecology and Environmental Science, Umeå University, 90187 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Jan Karlsson
- Climate Impacts Research Centre, Department of Ecology and Environmental Science, Umeå University, 90187 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Erik Lundin
- Swedish Polar Research Secretariat, Luleå tekniska universitet, 971 87 Luleå, Sweden
| | - Anders Michelsen
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, 2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - David Olefeldt
- Department of Renewable Resources, University of Alberta, 751 General Services Building, Edmonton, T6G 2H1 Canada
| | - Andreas Persson
- Department of Physical Geography and Ecosystem Science, Lund University, Sölvegatan 12, 223 62 Lund, Sweden
| | - Gareth K. Phoenix
- Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield, S10 2TN UK
| | - Zofia Rączkowska
- Department of Geoenvironmental Research, Institute of Geography and Spatial Organisation PAS, Św. Jana 22, 31-018 Kraków, Poland
| | - Riikka Rinnan
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, 2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
- Center for Permafrost (CENPERM), University of Copenhagen, Øster Voldgade 10, 1350 Copenhagen K, Denmark
| | - Lena Ström
- Department of Physical Geography and Ecosystem Science, Lund University, Sölvegatan 12, 223 62 Lund, Sweden
| | - Jing Tang
- Department of Physical Geography and Ecosystem Science, Lund University, Sölvegatan 12, 223 62 Lund, Sweden
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, 2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
- Center for Permafrost (CENPERM), University of Copenhagen, Øster Voldgade 10, 1350 Copenhagen K, Denmark
| | - Ruth K. Varner
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of New Hampshire, Morse Hall Rm 455, 8 College Rd., Durham, NH 03824 USA
| | - Philip Wookey
- Biology and Environmental Sciences, School of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling, FK9 4LA Scotland UK
| | - Margareta Johansson
- Department of Physical Geography and Ecosystem Science, Lund University, Sölvegatan 12, 223 62 Lund, Sweden
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Marcus H, Hanna E. Understanding national barriers to climate change adaptation for public health - a global survey. Eur J Public Health 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckaa166.097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Climate change has introduced a series of unprecedented threats to human health, ranging from rising food and water insecurity to deteriorating air quality, novel disease outbreaks, and intensifying natural disasters. The Paris Agreement pushes countries to develop adaptation plans that will protect human health from the worst impacts of climate change -a process referred to as climate change adaptation (CCA). Yet despite international pressure and escalating health threats, vast shortcomings persist in national CCA for public health progress. Thus, we investigated the major governance constraints underlying these trends.
Methods
A mixed-methods online survey was distributed to representatives of national public health associations and societies of 82 member countries under the World Federation of Public Health Associations.
Results
9 of the 11 respondent countries (82%) affirmed the existence of a national CCA plan that includes an explicit public health focus. All respondees listed governance challenges in developing and operationalising their national CCA agenda. The major identified barriers to CCA for public health progress were lack of inter-government policy coordination and insufficient political will to mobilize human and non-human resources in support of public health-oriented adaptation efforts.
Conclusions
Climate change-driven amplification of global health risks necessitates that all nations generate clear CCA plans to protect human health. Our findings assist by highlighting the need for new platforms for organizational collaboration/networked governance and enhanced forums for CCA agenda-setting and ambition-raising. Such forms of enriched knowledge may facilitate decision-making amongst key public health stakeholders and global institutions for how best to align climate advocacy and country-wide support initiatives with cross-cutting national needs and constraints.
Key messages
Climate change-driven amplification of global health risks necessitates that all nations generate clear climate change adaptation plans to protect human health. New platforms for organizational collaboration/networked governance and enhanced forums for adaptation agenda-setting and ambition-raising may significantly bolster public health adaptation progress.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Marcus
- Environmental Health Working Group, WFPHA, Geneva, Switzerland
- Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - E Hanna
- Environmental Health Working Group, WFPHA, Geneva, Switzerland
- College of Science, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
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Wang Y, Liang S, Hanna E, Qiu T, Toumi M. PNS40 The Implementation of Volume-Based Drug Procurement Policy in China. Value Health Reg Issues 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vhri.2020.07.459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Vihma T, Graversen R, Chen L, Handorf D, Skific N, Francis JA, Tyrrell N, Hall R, Hanna E, Uotila P, Dethloff K, Karpechko AY, Björnsson H, Overland JE. Effects of the tropospheric large-scale circulation on European winter temperatures during the period of amplified Arctic warming. Int J Climatol 2020; 40:509-529. [PMID: 32025090 PMCID: PMC6988488 DOI: 10.1002/joc.6225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Revised: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/05/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We investigate factors influencing European winter (DJFM) air temperatures for the period 1979-2015 with the focus on changes during the recent period of rapid Arctic warming (1998-2015). We employ meteorological reanalyses analysed with a combination of correlation analysis, two pattern clustering techniques, and back-trajectory airmass identification. In all five selected European regions, severe cold winter events lasting at least 4 days are significantly correlated with warm Arctic episodes. Relationships during opposite conditions of warm Europe/cold Arctic are also significant. Correlations have become consistently stronger since 1998. Large-scale pattern analysis reveals that cold spells are associated with the negative phase of the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO-) and the positive phase of the Scandinavian (SCA+) pattern, which in turn are correlated with the divergence of dry-static energy transport. Warm European extremes are associated with opposite phases of these patterns and the convergence of latent heat transport. Airmass trajectory analysis is consistent with these findings, as airmasses associated with extreme cold events typically originate over continents, while warm events tend to occur with prevailing maritime airmasses. Despite Arctic-wide warming, significant cooling has occurred in northeastern Europe owing to a decrease in adiabatic subsidence heating in airmasses arriving from the southeast, along with increased occurrence of circulation patterns favouring low temperature advection. These dynamic effects dominated over the increased mean temperature of most circulation patterns. Lagged correlation analysis reveals that SCA- and NAO+ are typically preceded by cold Arctic anomalies during the previous 2-3 months, which may aid seasonal forecasting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timo Vihma
- Finnish Meteorological InstituteHelsinkiFinland
| | - Rune Graversen
- Department of Physics and TechnologyUniversity of TromsøTromsøNorway
| | - Linling Chen
- Nansen Environmental and Remote Sensing CentreBergenNorway
| | - Dörthe Handorf
- Alfred Wegener InstituteHelmholtz Center for Polar and Marine ResearchPotsdamGermany
| | - Natasa Skific
- Department of Marine and Coastal SciencesRutgers UniversityNew BrunswickNew Jersey
| | | | | | - Richard Hall
- School of Geography and Lincoln Centre for Water and Planetary HealthUniversity of LincolnOaklandCalifornia
| | - Edward Hanna
- School of Geography and Lincoln Centre for Water and Planetary HealthUniversity of LincolnOaklandCalifornia
| | - Petteri Uotila
- Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR)/ PhysicsUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
| | - Klaus Dethloff
- Alfred Wegener InstituteHelmholtz Center for Polar and Marine ResearchPotsdamGermany
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Hanna E, Toumi M, Dussart C, Borissov B, Dabbous O, Badora K, Auquier P. Funding breakthrough therapies: A systematic review and recommendation. Health Policy 2018; 122:217-229. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healthpol.2017.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2017] [Revised: 11/06/2017] [Accepted: 11/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Murray JMD, Hanna E, Hastie P. Equine dietary supplements: an insight into their use and perceptions in the Irish equine industry. Ir Vet J 2018; 71:4. [PMID: 29423172 PMCID: PMC5789549 DOI: 10.1186/s13620-018-0115-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2017] [Accepted: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Nutritional supplements are frequently used by horse owners/caregivers to supplement their horse(s) diets. Some work has been done to identify the types of supplements fed and the reasons for doing so; however, this has been predominantly disciple-specific and with little focus on participants’ perceptions of supplement testing and regulation. The aim of this study was to gain an insight into the use and perceptions of equine dietary supplements in the Irish equestrian industry. Methods An online survey was designed to ascertain the following information: demographics, types of supplements fed and reasons for use, factors that influenced respondents’ choice of supplement, where advice was sought and perceptions of testing and regulation of equine supplements Results The survey yielded 134 responses, 70% non-professionals and 30% professionals. A greater percentage of professionals included supplements in their horse(s) diets (98%) compared to non-professionals (86%). Almost 70% of professionals fed more than two supplements, whereas 80% of non-professionals reported to feed only one supplement. Joint supplements were most commonly fed by all respondents (22%) followed by calming supplements (13%). The enhancement of performance (35%) and prevention of joint disorders (34%) were the most common reasons reported by respondents for using a supplement. Over 53% of respondents sought advice on choosing a supplement from their feed merchant, followed by their veterinarian (46%). Veterinary recommendation was given as the most influential factor when choosing a supplement by 90% of respondents, followed by cost (69%). Most (93%) respondents thought that feed supplements had to meet legal standards, with each batch analysed for quality (72%) and the supplement tested on horses before being launched on to the market (92%). Conclusion This study has identified the main types of supplements used in the Irish equestrian industry along with the reasons for their use. However, it has also highlighted major misperceptions in how supplements are tested before being launched for sale and further work on this aspect of the findings would be beneficial.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M D Murray
- 1School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Glasgow Veterinary School, Bearsden Road, Glasgow, G61 1QH UK
| | - E Hanna
- 2Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Roslin, Midlothian, EH25 9RG UK
| | - P Hastie
- 1School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Glasgow Veterinary School, Bearsden Road, Glasgow, G61 1QH UK
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Harrison RG, Hanna E. The solar eclipse: a natural meteorological experiment. Philos Trans A Math Phys Eng Sci 2016; 374:rsta.2015.0225. [PMID: 27550768 PMCID: PMC5004055 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2015.0225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/23/2016] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
A solar eclipse provides a well-characterized reduction in solar radiation, of calculable amount and duration. This captivating natural astronomical phenomenon is ideally suited to science outreach activities, but the predictability of the change in solar radiation also provides unusual conditions for assessing the atmospheric response to a known stimulus. Modern automatic observing networks used for weather forecasting and atmospheric research have dense spatial coverage, so the quantitative meteorological responses to an eclipse can now be evaluated with excellent space and time resolution. Numerical models representing the atmosphere at high spatial resolution can also be used to predict eclipse-related changes and interpret the observations. Combining the models with measurements yields the elements of a controlled atmospheric experiment on a regional scale (10-1000 km), which is almost impossible to achieve by other means. This modern approach to 'eclipse meteorology' as identified here can ultimately improve weather prediction models and be used to plan for transient reductions in renewable electricity generation. During the 20 March 2015 eclipse, UK electrical energy demand increased by about 3 GWh (11 TJ) or about 4%, alongside reductions in the wind and photovoltaic electrical energy generation of 1.5 GWh (5.5 TJ).This article is part of the themed issue 'Atmospheric effects of solar eclipses stimulated by the 2015 UK eclipse'.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Giles Harrison
- Department of Meteorology, University of Reading, PO Box 239, Reading RG6 6BB, UK
| | - Edward Hanna
- Department of Geography, University of Sheffield, Winter Street, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
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10
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Hanna E, Penman J, Jónsson T, Bigg GR, Björnsson H, Sjúrðarson S, Hansen MA, Cappelen J, Bryant RG. Meteorological effects of the solar eclipse of 20 March 2015: analysis of UK Met Office automatic weather station data and comparison with automatic weather station data from the Faroes and Iceland. Philos Trans A Math Phys Eng Sci 2016; 374:rsta.2015.0212. [PMID: 27550769 PMCID: PMC5004046 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2015.0212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/11/2015] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Here, we analyse high-frequency (1 min) surface air temperature, mean sea-level pressure (MSLP), wind speed and direction and cloud-cover data acquired during the solar eclipse of 20 March 2015 from 76 UK Met Office weather stations, and compare the results with those from 30 weather stations in the Faroe Islands and 148 stations in Iceland. There was a statistically significant mean UK temperature drop of 0.83±0.63°C, which occurred over 39 min on average, and the minimum temperature lagged the peak of the eclipse by about 10 min. For a subset of 14 (16) relatively clear (cloudy) stations, the mean temperature drop was 0.91±0.78 (0.31±0.40)°C but the mean temperature drops for relatively calm and windy stations were almost identical. Mean wind speed dropped significantly by 9% on average during the first half of the eclipse. There was no discernible effect of the eclipse on the wind-direction or MSLP time series, and therefore we can discount any localized eclipse cyclone effect over Britain during this event. Similar changes in air temperature and wind speed are observed for Iceland, where conditions were generally clearer, but here too there was no evidence of an eclipse cyclone; in the Faroes, there was a much more muted meteorological signature.This article is part of the themed issue 'Atmospheric effects of solar eclipses stimulated by the 2015 UK eclipse'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward Hanna
- Department of Geography, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
| | | | | | - Grant R Bigg
- Department of Geography, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
| | | | - Sølvi Sjúrðarson
- Deildin fyri infrakervi/Infrastructure Department, Landsverk, FO-110 Tórshavn, Faroes
| | - Mads A Hansen
- Deildin fyri infrakervi/Infrastructure Department, Landsverk, FO-110 Tórshavn, Faroes
| | - John Cappelen
- Danish Meteorological Institute, DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Robert G Bryant
- Department of Geography, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
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Ossoli A, Hanna E, Simonelli S, Mullan R, Chamney S, Chestnutt J, Stewart F, Franceschini G, Calabresi L. Normalization of lipoprotein profile during pregnancy in LCAT deficiency. Atherosclerosis 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2016.07.627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Tedesco M, Mote T, Fettweis X, Hanna E, Jeyaratnam J, Booth JF, Datta R, Briggs K. Arctic cut-off high drives the poleward shift of a new Greenland melting record. Nat Commun 2016; 7:11723. [PMID: 27277547 PMCID: PMC4906163 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms11723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2015] [Accepted: 04/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Large-scale atmospheric circulation controls the mass and energy balance of the Greenland ice sheet through its impact on radiative budget, runoff and accumulation. Here, using reanalysis data and the outputs of a regional climate model, we show that the persistence of an exceptional atmospheric ridge, centred over the Arctic Ocean, was responsible for a poleward shift of runoff, albedo and surface temperature records over the Greenland during the summer of 2015. New records of monthly mean zonal winds at 500 hPa and of the maximum latitude of ridge peaks of the 5,700±50 m isohypse over the Arctic were associated with the formation and persistency of a cutoff high. The unprecedented (1948–2015) and sustained atmospheric conditions promoted enhanced runoff, increased the surface temperatures and decreased the albedo in northern Greenland, while inhibiting melting in the south, where new melting records were set over the past decade. Atmospheric circulation controls the mass and energy balance of the Greenland ice sheet, yet the exact dynamics remain unknown. Here, the authors show that record conditions over Greenland during the summer of 2015 were associated with the formation and persistency of an Arctic cut-off high.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Tedesco
- Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, Columbia University, New York, New York 10964, USA.,NASA Goddard Institute of Space Studies, New York, New York 10025, USA
| | - T Mote
- University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602-2502, USA
| | - X Fettweis
- University of Liege, Liege 4000, Belgium
| | - E Hanna
- University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
| | - J Jeyaratnam
- The City College of New York, New York, New York 10031, USA
| | - J F Booth
- The City College of New York, New York, New York 10031, USA
| | - R Datta
- Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, Columbia University, New York, New York 10964, USA.,The City College of New York, New York, New York 10031, USA.,The Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, New York 10016, USA
| | - K Briggs
- University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
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Tedstone AJ, Nienow PW, Gourmelen N, Dehecq A, Goldberg D, Hanna E. Decadal slowdown of a land-terminating sector of the Greenland Ice Sheet despite warming. Nature 2016; 526:692-5. [PMID: 26511580 DOI: 10.1038/nature15722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2015] [Accepted: 09/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Ice flow along land-terminating margins of the Greenland Ice Sheet (GIS) varies considerably in response to fluctuating inputs of surface meltwater to the bed of the ice sheet. Such inputs lubricate the ice-bed interface, transiently speeding up the flow of ice. Greater melting results in faster ice motion during summer, but slower motion over the subsequent winter, owing to the evolution of an efficient drainage system that enables water to drain from regions of the ice-sheet bed that have a high basal water pressure. However, the impact of hydrodynamic coupling on ice motion over decadal timescales remains poorly constrained. Here we show that annual ice motion across an 8,000-km(2) land-terminating region of the west GIS margin, extending to 1,100 m above sea level, was 12% slower in 2007-14 compared with 1985-94, despite a 50% increase in surface meltwater production. Our findings suggest that, over these three decades, hydrodynamic coupling in this section of the ablation zone resulted in a net slowdown of ice motion (not a speed-up, as previously postulated). Increases in meltwater production from projected climate warming may therefore further reduce the motion of land-terminating margins of the GIS. Our findings suggest that these sectors of the ice sheet are more resilient to the dynamic impacts of enhanced meltwater production than previously thought.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J Tedstone
- School of GeoSciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9XP, UK
| | - Peter W Nienow
- School of GeoSciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9XP, UK
| | - Noel Gourmelen
- School of GeoSciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9XP, UK
| | - Amaury Dehecq
- School of GeoSciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9XP, UK.,Université Savoie Mont-Blanc, Polytech Annecy-Chambéry, LISTIC, BP 80439, 74944 Annecy-le-Vieux cedex, France
| | - Daniel Goldberg
- School of GeoSciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9XP, UK
| | - Edward Hanna
- Department of Geography, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
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Cather M, Young I, Nicholls D, Ryan K, Loughrey C, O'Kane M, Proctor E, Sharpe P, McCullough J, Hanna E, Chestnutt J, Donnelly J, Trinick T, Lyttle K, Hart P, Graham C. The Northern Ireland Familial Hypercholesterolaemia cascade screening service. Atherosclerosis 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2015.10.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Sharrett J, Jiang W, Mohamed A, Horiates M, Gunn G, Phan J, Hanna E, Frank S, Kupferman M, Beadle B, Arafat W, De Monte F, Garden A, Rosenthal D, Fuller C. Multimodality Management of Patients With Esthesioneuroblastoma. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2015.07.1436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Cropper T, Hanna E, Valente MA, Jónsson T. A daily Azores-Iceland North Atlantic Oscillation index back to 1850. Geosci Data J 2015; 2:12-24. [PMID: 28616228 PMCID: PMC5445555 DOI: 10.1002/gdj3.23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2014] [Revised: 01/20/2015] [Accepted: 02/02/2015] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We present the construction of a continuous, daily (09:00 UTC), station-based (Azores-Iceland) North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) Index back to 1871 which is extended back to 1850 with additional daily mean data. The constructed index more than doubles the length of previously existing, widely available, daily NAO time series. The index is created using entirely observational sea-level pressure (SLP) data from Iceland and 73.5% of observational SLP data from the Azores - the remainder being filled in via reanalysis (Twentieth Century Reanalysis Project and European Mean Sea Level Pressure) SLP data. Icelandic data are taken from the Southwest Iceland pressure series. We construct and document a new Ponta Delgada SLP time series based on recently digitized and newly available data that extend back to 1872. The Ponta Delgada time series is created by splicing together several fractured records (from Ponta Delgada, Lajes, and Santa Maria) and filling in the major gaps (pre-1872, 1888-1905, and 1940-1941) and occasional days (145) with reanalysis data. Further homogeneity corrections are applied to the Azores record, and the daily (09:00 UTC) NAO index is then calculated. The resulting index, with its extended temporal length and daily resolution, is the first reconstruction of daily NAO back into the 19th Century and therefore is useful for researchers across multiple disciplines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Cropper
- Department of Geography University of Sheffield Sheffield UK
| | - Edward Hanna
- Department of Geography University of Sheffield Sheffield UK
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Noujaim MG, Hanna E, Faraj W, Lakis M, Khalife M. Solitary cavernous lymphangioma of the duodenum: a case report. Acta Gastroenterol Belg 2015; 78:60-61. [PMID: 26118581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Duodenal lymphangioma is an extremely rare benign tumor of the gastrointestinal tract. In this case report, we describe the case of a 39-year-old Lebanese female with cystic lymphangioma of the duodenum diagnosed by exploratory laparotomy and immunohistochemical analysis. Herein our findings are described.
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Bigg GR, Wei HL, Wilton DJ, Zhao Y, Billings SA, Hanna E, Kadirkamanathan V. A century of variation in the dependence of Greenland iceberg calving on ice sheet surface mass balance and regional climate change. Proc Math Phys Eng Sci 2014; 470:20130662. [PMID: 24910517 PMCID: PMC4042714 DOI: 10.1098/rspa.2013.0662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2013] [Accepted: 02/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Iceberg calving is a major component of the total mass balance of the Greenland ice sheet (GrIS). A century-long record of Greenland icebergs comes from the International Ice Patrol's record of icebergs (I48N) passing latitude 48° N, off Newfoundland. I48N exhibits strong interannual variability, with a significant increase in amplitude over recent decades. In this study, we show, through a combination of nonlinear system identification and coupled ocean–iceberg modelling, that I48N's variability is predominantly caused by fluctuation in GrIS calving discharge rather than open ocean iceberg melting. We also demonstrate that the episodic variation in iceberg discharge is strongly linked to a nonlinear combination of recent changes in the surface mass balance (SMB) of the GrIS and regional atmospheric and oceanic climate variability, on the scale of the previous 1–3 years, with the dominant causal mechanism shifting between glaciological (SMB) and climatic (ocean temperature) over time. We suggest that this is a change in whether glacial run-off or under-ice melting is dominant, respectively. We also suggest that GrIS calving discharge is episodic on at least a regional scale and has recently been increasing significantly, largely as a result of west Greenland sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- G R Bigg
- Department of Geography , University of Sheffield , Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
| | - H L Wei
- Department of Automatic Control and Systems Engineering , University of Sheffield , Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
| | - D J Wilton
- Department of Geography , University of Sheffield , Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
| | - Y Zhao
- Department of Automatic Control and Systems Engineering , University of Sheffield , Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
| | - S A Billings
- Department of Automatic Control and Systems Engineering , University of Sheffield , Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
| | - E Hanna
- Department of Geography , University of Sheffield , Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
| | - V Kadirkamanathan
- Department of Automatic Control and Systems Engineering , University of Sheffield , Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
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Affiliation(s)
- E. Hanna
- Macroevolution & Macroecology Group Research School of Biology Australian National University Canberra ACT Australia
| | - M. Cardillo
- Macroevolution & Macroecology Group Research School of Biology Australian National University Canberra ACT Australia
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Saade R, Roberts D, Ow T, Hanna E, Kupferman M, DeMonte F, Bell D. Prognosis and Biology in Esthesioneuroblastoma: Staging versus Grading Dilemma - The MDACC Experience. Skull Base Surg 2014. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0034-1370468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Callaghan TV, Jonasson C, Thierfelder T, Yang Z, Hedenås H, Johansson M, Molau U, Van Bogaert R, Michelsen A, Olofsson J, Gwynn-Jones D, Bokhorst S, Phoenix G, Bjerke JW, Tømmervik H, Christensen TR, Hanna E, Koller EK, Sloan VL. Ecosystem change and stability over multiple decades in the Swedish subarctic: complex processes and multiple drivers. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2013; 368:20120488. [PMID: 23836792 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2012.0488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The subarctic environment of northernmost Sweden has changed over the past century, particularly elements of climate and cryosphere. This paper presents a unique geo-referenced record of environmental and ecosystem observations from the area since 1913. Abiotic changes have been substantial. Vegetation changes include not only increases in growth and range extension but also counterintuitive decreases, and stability: all three possible responses. Changes in species composition within the major plant communities have ranged between almost no changes to almost a 50 per cent increase in the number of species. Changes in plant species abundance also vary with particularly large increases in trees and shrubs (up to 600%). There has been an increase in abundance of aspen and large changes in other plant communities responding to wetland area increases resulting from permafrost thaw. Populations of herbivores have responded to varying management practices and climate regimes, particularly changing snow conditions. While it is difficult to generalize and scale-up the site-specific changes in ecosystems, this very site-specificity, combined with projections of change, is of immediate relevance to local stakeholders who need to adapt to new opportunities and to respond to challenges. Furthermore, the relatively small area and its unique datasets are a microcosm of the complexity of Arctic landscapes in transition that remains to be documented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terry V Callaghan
- Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, PO Box 500 05, Stockholm 104 05, Sweden.
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Hanna E, Navarro FJ, Pattyn F, Domingues CM, Fettweis X, Ivins ER, Nicholls RJ, Ritz C, Smith B, Tulaczyk S, Whitehouse PL, Zwally HJ. Ice-sheet mass balance and climate change. Nature 2013; 498:51-9. [PMID: 23739423 DOI: 10.1038/nature12238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 221] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2013] [Accepted: 04/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Since the 2007 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Fourth Assessment Report, new observations of ice-sheet mass balance and improved computer simulations of ice-sheet response to continuing climate change have been published. Whereas Greenland is losing ice mass at an increasing pace, current Antarctic ice loss is likely to be less than some recently published estimates. It remains unclear whether East Antarctica has been gaining or losing ice mass over the past 20 years, and uncertainties in ice-mass change for West Antarctica and the Antarctic Peninsula remain large. We discuss the past six years of progress and examine the key problems that remain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward Hanna
- Department of Geography, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK.
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Yang Z, Sykes MT, Hanna E, Callaghan TV. Linking fine-scale sub-arctic vegetation distribution in complex topography with surface-air-temperature modelled at 50-m resolution. Ambio 2012; 41 Suppl 3:292-302. [PMID: 22864702 PMCID: PMC3535063 DOI: 10.1007/s13280-012-0307-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies have shown that the complexities of the surface features in mountainous terrain require a re-assessment of climate impacts at the local level. We explored the importance of surface-air-temperature based on a recently published 50-m-gridded dataset, versus soil variables for explaining vegetation distribution in Swedish Lapland using generalised linear models (GLMs). The results demonstrated that the current distribution of the birch forest and snowbed community strongly relied on the surface-air-temperature. However, temperature alone is a poor predictor of many plant communities (wetland, meadow). Because of diminishing sample representation with increasing altitude, the snowbed community was under-sampled at higher altitudes. This results in underestimation of the current distribution of the snowbed community around the mountain summits. The analysis suggests that caution is warranted when applying GLMs at the local level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenlin Yang
- />Department of Physical Geography and Ecosystem Science (ENES), Lund University, Sölvegatan 12, Lund, Sweden
| | - Martin T. Sykes
- />Department of Physical Geography and Ecosystem Science (ENES), Lund University, Sölvegatan 12, Lund, Sweden
| | - Edward Hanna
- />Department of Geography, University of Sheffield, Winter Street, Sheffield, S10 2TN UK
| | - Terry V. Callaghan
- />Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, Lilla Frescativägen 4 A, 114 18 Stockholm, Sweden
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Hanna E, Huybrechts P, Cappelen J, Steffen K, Bales RC, Burgess E, McConnell JR, Peder Steffensen J, Van den Broeke M, Wake L, Bigg G, Griffiths M, Savas D. Greenland Ice Sheet surface mass balance 1870 to 2010 based on Twentieth Century Reanalysis, and links with global climate forcing. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1029/2011jd016387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Mahesh SA, Hanna E, Khan MS, Ravichandran P, Slezak F. Incidence and characteristics of BRAF V600E mutation in colorectal cancer (CRC) with mismatch repair (MMR) protein defect due to loss of MLH1: A prospective evaluation of 104 consecutive patients. J Clin Oncol 2011. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2011.29.15_suppl.3539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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26
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Murray T, Scharrer K, James TD, Dye SR, Hanna E, Booth AD, Selmes N, Luckman A, Hughes ALC, Cook S, Huybrechts P. Ocean regulation hypothesis for glacier dynamics in southeast Greenland and implications for ice sheet mass changes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1029/2009jf001522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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27
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Bales RC, Guo Q, Shen D, McConnell JR, Du G, Burkhart JF, Spikes VB, Hanna E, Cappelen J. Annual accumulation for Greenland updated using ice core data developed during 2000–2006 and analysis of daily coastal meteorological data. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1029/2008jd011208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Abstract
Cancer therapy is in the midst of a major paradigm shift. Traditionally, cancer treatments have focused on tumour cells. However, studies over the past few decades have demonstrated that cancer is a vastly complex entity with multiple components affecting a tumour's growth, invasion and metastasis. These components, collectively termed the 'tumour microenvironment', include endothelial cells, pericytes, fibroblasts, inflammatory cells, leucocytes and elements of the extracellular matrix (ECM). Biological agents that target components of the tumour microenvironment may provide an interesting alternative to traditional tumour cell-directed therapy. Because of the complexity of the tumour milieu, the most beneficial therapy will likely involve the combination of one or more agents directed at this new target. This review highlights recent preclinical and clinical studies involving agents that target tumour vasculature, leucocytes, pericytes, cancer-associated fibroblasts and ECM components. We pay particular attention to combination therapies targeting multiple components of the tumour microenvironment, and aim to demonstrate that this strategy holds promise for the future of cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Hanna
- Tumour Angiogenesis Section, Surgery Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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Hood J, Cao J, Chow C, Doukas J, Hanna E, Lohse D, Mak C, Martin M, Stoughton S, Tam B, Soll R. Development of TG101348 for the treatment of JAK2-driven malignancies. J Clin Oncol 2008. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2008.26.15_suppl.7083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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30
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Weber RS, Lustig R, Glisson B, Rosenthal D, Kim E, El-Naggar A, Chalian A, Hanna E. A phase II trial of ZD 1869 for advanced cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck. J Clin Oncol 2007. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2007.25.18_suppl.6038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
6038 Background: Advanced HN CSSC carries a 30–40% risk of death by 2 years with standard therapies. A number of patients (pts) with clinically aggressive CSCC tend to have a poor prognosis when treated with standard approaches using surgery and radiation (RT), thus novel therapies are needed. CSSC over expresses the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and these compounds have activity in head and neck cancers. We are studying the use of gefitinib as an induction therapy in a high-risk patient group prior to definitive therapy to determine the overall efficacy, toxicity and feasibility. Methods: Eligible pts must have HN CSSC >2cm, regional nodal metastases, peri-neural invasion, or deep invasion into cartilage, muscle or bone and must be candidates for definitive local-regional therapy with surgery and/or radiation. Two 30-day cycles of gefitinib 250mg administered orally are given daily prior to definitive therapy. Pts are assessed clinically after the first 30-day cycle. If a response is noted, gefitinib is continued. For patients with stable disease, the dose is escalated to 500mg daily. Pts with progressive disease go off study. Biomarker evaluations including EGFR and Akt expression prior to and after induction are planned. Results: To date, 14 pts have been enrolled. 10 are evaluable for response and 13 for toxicity. A complete clinical response (CR) was noted in 3 pts (30%, one pathological CR), partial response in 2 patients (20%), stable disease in 2 (20%) and progressive disease in 3 (30%). Therapy was well tolerated with 2 patients having grade 3 toxicity (rash, diarrhea, or elevated liver enzymes). Conclusions: Standard definitive surgery and RT are inadequate for patients with advanced HN CSSC. The emergence of targeted therapies has given new hope for many patients with high-risk cancers. The preliminary results from our study suggest that gefitinib is an active agent for HN CSCC, and is well tolerated. Correlative studies may help identify patients most likely to respond to anti- EGFR therapy. [Table: see text]
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Affiliation(s)
- R. S. Weber
- UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - R. Lustig
- UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - B. Glisson
- UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - D. Rosenthal
- UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - E. Kim
- UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - A. El-Naggar
- UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - A. Chalian
- UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - E. Hanna
- UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
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31
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Adelstein DJ, Moon J, Hanna E, Shankar Giri PG, Mills GM, Wolf GT, Urba SG. S0216: A Southwest Oncology Group (SWOG) phase II trial of docetaxel (T), cisplatin (P), and fluorouracil (F) induction followed by accelerated fractionation/concomitant boost (AF/CB) radiotherapy (RT) and concurrent cisplatin for advanced head and neck squamous cell cancer (HNSCC). J Clin Oncol 2007. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2007.25.18_suppl.6014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
6014 Background: Randomized trials have suggested benefit from three-drug taxane-containing induction chemotherapy, and from AF/CB RT in patients (pts) with locoregionally advanced HNSCC. In an effort to optimize non-operative therapy, this SWOG phase II trial combined these two interventions with standard concurrent single-agent cisplatin. Methods: Eligibility required a diagnosis of untreated stage III or IV (M0) HNSCC deemed appropriate for RT with curative intent, a performance status of 0–1, and adequate hematologic, renal, and hepatic function. Two courses of induction TPF (T 75 mg/m2 day (d)1, P 100 mg/m2 d1, and F 1,000 mg/m2/d as a 24 hour continuous IV infusion d1–4) were given, 21 days apart. Stable or responding pts received definitive AF/CB RT; 54 Gy in 30 fractions (fx) to the total volume, with a concomitant boost of 18 Gy in 12 fx given on the last 12 treatment days. Concurrent cisplatin (100 mg/m2) was given on d1 and d22 of the RT. An accrual of 60 pts was planned using a one-stage study design. The primary endpoint was overall survival (OS). Secondary endpoints were toxicity and response. Results: Between 3/1/03 and 8/15/04, 76 pts were enrolled; 74 were eligible and evaluable. The median age was 54 years; 82% were male, and 77% white. 52 pts (70%) had stage IV disease. 40 pts (54%) experienced at least one grade (G)4 toxicity during induction, including neutropenia in 32, with fever in 13. 62 pts completed induction and began concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT); 50 completed all planned treatment. 57 pts have been evaluated for toxicity from CCRT. At least one G4 toxicity was noted in 20 pts, including neutropenia in 6, with fever in 3. There were 2 treatment-related deaths during induction, and 2 during CCRT. With a median follow-up of 27 months, the 2-year projected OS is 72% (95% CI 62%-83%), with a projected progression-free survival (PFS) of 66% (95% CI 55%-77%). Conclusions: TPF induction followed by AF/CB RT and concurrent cisplatin is toxic but feasible within a cooperative group. In this cohort of pts with advanced HNSCC, OS and PFS are encouraging, and justify further study of this approach. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. J. Adelstein
- Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH; Southwest Oncology Group Statistical Center, Seattle, WA; M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Baylor Medical School, Houston, TX; L.S.U. Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA; University of Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - J. Moon
- Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH; Southwest Oncology Group Statistical Center, Seattle, WA; M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Baylor Medical School, Houston, TX; L.S.U. Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA; University of Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - E. Hanna
- Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH; Southwest Oncology Group Statistical Center, Seattle, WA; M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Baylor Medical School, Houston, TX; L.S.U. Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA; University of Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - P. G. Shankar Giri
- Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH; Southwest Oncology Group Statistical Center, Seattle, WA; M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Baylor Medical School, Houston, TX; L.S.U. Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA; University of Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - G. M. Mills
- Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH; Southwest Oncology Group Statistical Center, Seattle, WA; M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Baylor Medical School, Houston, TX; L.S.U. Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA; University of Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - G. T. Wolf
- Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH; Southwest Oncology Group Statistical Center, Seattle, WA; M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Baylor Medical School, Houston, TX; L.S.U. Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA; University of Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - S. G. Urba
- Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH; Southwest Oncology Group Statistical Center, Seattle, WA; M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Baylor Medical School, Houston, TX; L.S.U. Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA; University of Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ann Arbor, MI
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Abstract
Satellite radar altimetry measurements indicate that the East Antarctic ice-sheet interior north of 81.6 degrees S increased in mass by 45 +/- 7 billion metric tons per year from 1992 to 2003. Comparisons with contemporaneous meteorological model snowfall estimates suggest that the gain in mass was associated with increased precipitation. A gain of this magnitude is enough to slow sea-level rise by 0.12 +/- 0.02 millimeters per year.
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Affiliation(s)
- Curt H Davis
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, MO 65211, USA.
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Li S, Hanna E, Breau R, Ratanatharathorn V, Xia X, Suen J. Preferential expression of hPGFS in primary SCCHN and tumour cell lines derived from respiratory and digestive organs. Br J Cancer 2004; 90:1093-9. [PMID: 14997212 PMCID: PMC2409636 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6601636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Identifying overexpressed genes in tumours is a critical step for tumour diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment. Using differential display polymerase chain reaction, sequence analysis, and gene Blast searches, we discovered that human prostaglandin F synthase (hPGFS) was upregulated in squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN). Northern blot analysis indicated that up to a 16-fold increase in the level of hPGFS expression was detected in 40.5% (15 out of 37) of SCCHN primary tumours. The increased expression of hPGFS in SCCHN was primarily detected in SCC of larynx and hypopharynx (59%, P<0.05). Using the same primary tissue samples, increased levels of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) expression were detected in only 32% of tumour tissues, suggesting hPGFS may have the potential to become a drug target or molecular marker for SCCHN. To determine if the increased level of hPGFS expression came from tumour cells, we determined the level of hPGFS expression in SCCHN tumour cell lines. A high level of hPGFS expression was detected in four out of five tumour SCCHN cell lines. To determine if upregulation of hPGFS is SCCHN-specific, hPGFS expression was analysed in 59 tumour cell lines derived from different types of tumours. The expression of hPGFS was increased from two- to 500-fold in a large portion of cell lines derived from lung (five out of nine), colon (five out of seven) as well as head and neck cancer (four out of five). These data link hPGFS expression to tumours located in the respiratory and digestive organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Li
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, SVM, Louisiana State University, Skip Bertman Drive, LA 70803, USA.
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35
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Cipolletta C, Ryan K, Hanna E, Trimble E. W05.157 Up regulation of macrophage scavenger receptor, CD36, on circulating monocytes from poorly controlled type 2 diabetic patients. ATHEROSCLEROSIS SUPP 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/s1567-5688(04)90156-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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36
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Hanna E. The Feeding All Tongues Project: developing tools for our growing multicultural communities. Hosp Q 2002; 5:39-41. [PMID: 12061105 DOI: 10.12927/hcq..17472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- E Hanna
- Change Foundation Project Feeding All Tongues, Riverdale Hospital, Toronto.
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McConnell JR, Lamorey G, Hanna E, Mosley-Thompson E, Bales RC, Belle-Oudry D, Kyne JD. Annual net snow accumulation over southern Greenland from 1975 to 1998. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2001. [DOI: 10.1029/2001jd900129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Medina DC, Hanna E, MacRae IJ, Fisher AJ, Segel IH. Temperature effects on the allosteric transition of ATP sulfurylase from Penicillium chrysogenum. Arch Biochem Biophys 2001; 393:51-60. [PMID: 11516160 DOI: 10.1006/abbi.2001.2490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The effects of temperature on the initial velocity kinetics of allosteric ATP sulfurylase from Penicillium chrysogenum were measured. The experiments were prompted by the structural similarity between the C-terminal regulatory domain of fungal ATP sulfurylase and fungal APS kinase, a homodimer that undergoes a temperature-dependent, reversible dissociation of subunits over a narrow temperature range. Wild-type ATP sulfurylase yielded hyperbolic velocity curves between 18 and 30 degrees C. Increasing the assay temperature above 30 degrees C at a constant pH of 8.0 increased the cooperativity of the velocity curves. Hill coefficients (n(H)) up to 1.8 were observed at 42 degrees C. The bireactant kinetics at 42 degrees C were the same as those observed at 30 degrees C in the presence of PAPS, the allosteric inhibitor. In contrast, yeast ATP sulfurylase yielded hyperbolic plots at 42 degrees C. The P. chrysogenum mutant enzyme, C509S, which is intrinsically cooperative (n(H) = 1.8) at 30 degrees C, became more cooperative as the temperature was increased yielding n(H) values up to 2.9 at 42 degrees C. As the temperature was decreased, the cooperativity of C509S decreased; n(H) was 1.0 at 18 degrees C. The cumulative results indicate that increasing the temperature increases the allosteric constant, L, i.e., promotes a shift in the base-level distribution of enzyme molecules from the high MgATP affinity R state toward the low MgATP affinity T state. As a result, the enzyme displays a true "temperature optimum" at subsaturating MgATP. The reversible temperature-dependent transitions of fungal ATP sulfurylase and APS kinase may play a role in energy conservation at high temperatures where the organism can survive but not grow optimally.
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Affiliation(s)
- D C Medina
- Section of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California, 95616, USA
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Affiliation(s)
- D Girod
- Department of Otolaryngology, University Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
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Abstract
Assessment of quality of life in patients with head and neck cancer presents many challenges to the clinician, especially because of the profound physical impact of disease on everyday functioning, including eating, breathing, and speech. Various assessment measures are reviewed here, and recommendations for their use under particular circumstances are outlined. General, disease-specific, site-specific, modular (both disease- and site-specific), and treatment-specific instruments are described. Other issues addressed in this review include frequency and duration of assessment, patient versus interviewer administration, and the effect of coping strategies on results.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Hanna
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, 4301 West Markham Street, Slot 543, Little Rock, AR 72205-7199, USA
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Gleich LL, Gluckman JL, Nemunaitis J, Suen JY, Hanna E, Wolf GT, Coltrera MD, Villaret DB, Wagman L, Castro D, Gapany M, Carroll W, Gillespie D, Selk LM. Clinical experience with HLA-B7 plasmid DNA/lipid complex in advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2001; 127:775-9. [PMID: 11448348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the safety and efficacy of alloantigen plasmid DNA therapy in patients with advanced head and neck squamous cell carcinoma using Allovectin-7 (Vical Inc, San Diego, Calif), a DNA/lipid complex designed to express the class I major histocompatibility complex antigen HLA-B7. DESIGN Multi-institutional prospective trial. SETTING Academic medical setting. PATIENTS A total of 69 patients were enrolled in 3 sequential clinical trials: a single-center phase 1 trial and 2 multicenter phase 2 trials. Eligibility criteria included unresectable squamous cell carcinoma that failed conventional therapy, Karnofsky performance status score of 70 or greater, and no concurrent anticancer or immunosuppressive therapies. INTERVENTION Patients received 2 biweekly intratumoral injections of 10 microg (phase 1 and first phase 2 trials) or 100 microg (second phase 2 trial) of Allovectin-7 followed by 4 weeks of observation. Patients with stable or responding disease after the observation period were given a second treatment cycle identical to the first. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Patients were assessed for toxic effects, and tumor size was measured after cycles 1 (at 6 weeks) and 2 (at 16 weeks). RESULTS Allovectin-7 treatment was well tolerated, with no grade 3 or 4 drug-related toxic effects. Of 69 patients treated, 23 (33%) had stable disease or a partial response after the first cycle of treatment and proceeded to the second cycle. After the second cycle, 6 patients had stable disease, 4 had a partial response, and 1 had a complete response. Responses persisted for 21 to 106 weeks. CONCLUSIONS Intratumoral plasmid DNA immunotherapy for head and neck cancer with Allovectin-7 is safe, and further investigations are planned in patients with less advanced disease, where it could potentially improve patient survival and reduce the need for radical high-morbidity treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- L L Gleich
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Cincinnati Medical Center, PO Box 670528, 213 Bethesda Ave, Cincinnati, OH 45267-0528, USA.
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Vural E, Alexiou M, Hunt J, Korourian S, Hanna E. Is glutathione-S-transferase-pi expression a reliable predictor of chemoradiation response in cancer of the head and neck? Am J Otolaryngol 2001; 22:257-60. [PMID: 11464322 DOI: 10.1053/ajot.2001.24824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Concurrent radiation and chemotherapy is being evaluated as an alternative treatment to surgery for patients with advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck, because organ preservation maybe possible without compromising survival. However, the response to concurrent chemoradiation treatment varies from patient to patient, and there is currently no available molecular predictor of response for this particular treatment modality. There is some evidence to indicate that glutathione S-transferase-pi (GST-pi), which is one of the drug detoxifying enzymes, may decrease the effectiveness of platinum-based chemotherapy in the treatment of a variety of tumor types. This study was performed to investigate whether GST-pi expression was correlated with response to concurrent chemotherapy and radiotherapy in patients with advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck. MATERIALS AND METHODS Diagnostic biopsy specimens of 36 patients who underwent concurrent chemoradiotherapy for the treatment of advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck were examined for GST-pi expression by using immunohistochemistry with polyclonal antihuman GST-pi antibodies. GST-pi expression scores were compared among responders and nonresponders. RESULTS Although the staining rate with antiGST-pi was slightly lower in the responder group in comparison with the nonresponders (82% vs 100%), the difference was not statistically significant. CONCLUSION GST-pi expression is unlikely to be a valuable predictor of response to concurrent chemotherapy and radiation treatment in patients with advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Vural
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
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Abstract
Undeniably, working in an environment that challenges the status quo is not without its problems. Members of the service redesign teams who participated in the West Ottawa Valley Network experience confess that many times during the process they felt a threat to their own job security along with uncertainty about their future roles and responsibilities. June Merkley points out that "working outside one's "normal comfort level" in a non-traditional leadership role has it's own set of difficulties, and dealing with multiple network members adds a dimension of complexity not encountered at the single site level." But she believes that "the challenges encountered within the network are helping to broaden the scope of job knowledge and communication skills. This can only have a direct and positive impact on the day-to-day tasks, while providing value to both the employee and employer". As a career management strategy, healthcare managers should seek out opportunities beyond their normal range of accountability, participate in activities that encourage the growth of new skills or hone skills that are a bit rusty. Often these projects will cause some anxiety or discomfort but the rewards, both short and long term, far outweigh the short-term pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Hanna
- West Ottawa Valley Network, Ontario
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Hanna E, Shrieve DC, Ratanatharathorn V, Xia X, Breau R, Suen J, Li S. A novel alternative approach for prediction of radiation response of squamous cell carcinoma of head and neck. Cancer Res 2001; 61:2376-80. [PMID: 11289099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Abstract
Accurate prediction of human tumor response to radiation therapy and concomitant chemoradiation would be an important tool to assist the physician in making recommendations for tumor treatment. Most of the studies that define the molecular markers for prediction of radiation response are based on the observation of gene expression using immunostaining, Northern blot, or Western blot analysis of a single or several genes. The results vary among different studies, and some results are contradictory. However, the studies agree that the change in expression of the tumor-related gene affects the radiation response. In this study, we explored a novel approach to predict the radiation response of human tumor using Atlas human cancer 1.2 cDNA array to analyze the expression profile of 1187 tumor-related genes in radiation-resistant and radiation-sensitive tissues. Sixty tumor-related genes were selected as predictors of radiation response of squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck. Using the expression intensity of these 60 tumor-related genes, in combination with cluster analysis, we successfully predicted the radiation identity of two tumor samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Hanna
- Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas 72205, USA
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Hanna E, Zhang X, Woodlis J, Breau R, Suen J, Li S. Intramuscular electroporation delivery of IL-12 gene for treatment of squamous cell carcinoma located at distant site. Cancer Gene Ther 2001; 8:151-7. [PMID: 11332985 DOI: 10.1038/sj.cgt.7700287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Gene therapy with IL-12 has been shown to elicit potent systemic antitumor response in a variety of tumors. Although direct intratumoral injection is the most commonly used delivery route for gene therapy of solid tumors, the skeletal muscle has been shown to be an ideal tissue for gene delivery to produce systemic gene expression. We have previously demonstrated that electroporation delivery of a reporter gene to muscle enhances the transfection efficiency and the level of gene expression by two to three logs. We report here that intramuscular (i.m.) injection of as little as 10 microg of the IL-12 DNA plasmid followed by electroporation prevents squamous cell carcinoma (SCCVII) tumor establishment in up to 40% of experimental animals and reduces the volume of established tumors by 75% compared to controls (P<.05). By comparison, there was no difference in tumor growth observed between IL-12 injection alone and injection of empty vector with or without electroporation. The induction of antitumor activity by i.m. electroporation delivery of the IL-12 gene is associated with an increase in IL-12 expression in muscle and serum. The level of IL-12 expression in muscle and serum was 1500 pg/tibialias muscle and 170 pg/mL serum, respectively, at day 6, after the gene was delivered by electroporation. In contrast, the level of IL-12 when the gene was injected without electroporation was hardly detectable after subtracting the background level of IL-12 detected in naïve mice. The high level of IL-12 expression led to a 170-fold induction of IFN-gamma expression in serum at day 6 after i.m. electroporation delivery of IL-12 DNA plasmid, which was equal to 1450 pg/mL in the serum. The induction of antitumor activity by i.m. electroporation delivery of the IL-12 gene also correlates with increased CD8+ T-cell population in peripheral blood but not in spleen. Our findings suggest that i.m. delivery of IL-12 gene using electroporation is an effective method of inducing a systemic antitumor response against SCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Hanna
- Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, UAMS, Little Rock, Arkansas 72205, USA
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Li S, Zhang X, Xia X, Zhou L, Breau R, Suen J, Hanna E. Intramuscular electroporation delivery of IFN-alpha gene therapy for inhibition of tumor growth located at a distant site. Gene Ther 2001; 8:400-7. [PMID: 11313817 DOI: 10.1038/sj.gt.3301418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2000] [Accepted: 12/20/2000] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Although electroporation has been shown in recent years to be a powerful method for delivering genes to muscle, no gene therapy via electro-injection has been studied for the treatment of tumors. In an immunocompetent tumor-bearing murine model, we have found that delivery of a low dose of reporter gene DNA (10 microg) to muscle via electroporation under specific pulse conditions (two 25-ms pulses of 375 V/cm) increased the level of gene expression by two logs of magnitude. Moreover, administration of 10 microg of interferon (IFN)-alpha DNA plasmid using these parameters once a week for 3 weeks increased the survival time and reduced squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) growth at a distant site in the C3H/HeJ-immunocompetent mouse. IFN-alpha gene therapy delivered to muscle using electroporation demonstrated statistically significant (P < 0.05) therapeutic efficacy for treating SCC located at a distant site, compared with interleukin (IL)-2 or endostatin gene, also delivered by electro-injection. The increased therapeutic efficacy was associated with a high level and extended duration of IFN-alpha expression in muscle and serum. We also discovered that the high level of IFN-alpha expression correlated with increased expression levels of the antiangiogenic genes IP-10 and Mig in local tumor tissue, which may have led to the reduction of blood vessels observed at the local tumor site. Delivery of increasing doses (10-100 microg) of IFN-alpha plasmid DNA by injection alone did not increase antitumor activity, whereas electroporation delivery of increasing doses (10-40 microg) of IFN-alpha plasmid DNA did increase the survival time. Our data clearly demonstrate the potential utility of electroporation for delivery of gene therapy to muscle for the treatment of residual or disseminated tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Li
- Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, University of Arkansas School of Medicine, 4001 W Capital Avenue, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
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Hanna E, MacLeod S, Vural E, Lang N. Genetic deletions of glutathione-S-transferase as a risk factor in squamous cell carcinoma of the larynx: a preliminary report. Am J Otolaryngol 2001; 22:121-3. [PMID: 11283827 DOI: 10.1053/ajot.2001.22571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To test whether genetic deletions of glutathione-S-transferase (GST) are associated with squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the larynx. GST are a group of detoxifying enzymes that may help reduce the risk of developing cancer in response to environmental carcinogens. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, found in high concentration in cigarette smoke, are known carcinogens especially for SCC of the larynx. Individuals with absolute or relative deficiency of the GST enzyme system may therefore be at a higher risk of developing laryngeal carcinoma. MATERIALS AND METHODS Genotyping for GST-M1 and GST-T1 was performed using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay on fresh frozen tissue specimens of 20 patients with SCC of the larynx and on 20 control subjects with a similar smoking history. Because this assay results in the absence of a PCR product in individuals expressing the GST-M1/GST-T1 null genotype, oligonucleotide primers that amplify a portion of the albumin gene were included in a multiplex PCR as a positive control for DNA quality and PCR conditions. The chi-square test was used for statistical analysis. RESULTS GST-M1 gene was deleted in 80% of patients with laryngeal SCC and in 50% of control subjects (P <.05). No statistically significant difference was observed in the incidence of GST-T1 gene deletion in patients with SCC of the larynx and control subjects. CONCLUSION GST-M1 gene deletion was significantly associated with SCC of the larynx and may produce a risk for this particular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Hanna
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, 4301 West Markham, Little Rock, AR 72205-7199, USA
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Hanna E. Employment contracts: what to look for from the point of view of both the employer and employee. Healthc Manage Forum 2001; 14:34-9. [PMID: 15892327 DOI: 10.1016/s0840-4704(10)60407-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Little is known about how patients cope with head and neck cancer despite its devastating impact on basic functioning. This study examined coping patterns among patients at different phases of illness. METHODS Participants were 120 patients with advanced disease, who were grouped according to the following phases of illness: (1) pretreatment, (2) on treatment, (3) <6 months after treatment, and (4) >6 months after treatment. Coping was assessed with the COPE questionnaire, and outcome measures assessed general distress (Profile of Mood States) and illness-specific distress (Impact of Events Scale). RESULTS Use of specific coping responses differed among the groups. Denial (p <.05), behavioral disengagement (ie, giving up or withdrawing, p <.05), suppression of competing activities (ie, focusing exclusively on the illness, p <.01), and emotional ventilation (p <.10) were most characteristic of patients who were receiving or had recently completed treatment. There were no differences in flexibility of coping or overall effort expended, but patients who were on treatment or who had recently completed treatment used the greatest number of strategies. Generally, denial, behavioral disengagement, and emotional ventilation were associated with greater distress. CONCLUSIONS Results suggest that phase of illness may be important in shaping patients' responses to life-threatening illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- A C Sherman
- Behavioral Medicine, Arkansas Cancer Research Center, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, 4301 West Markham, Slot 756, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA.
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MacRae IJ, Hanna E, Ho JD, Fisher AJ, Segel IH. Induction of positive cooperativity by amino acid replacements within the C-terminal domain of Penicillium chrysogenum ATP sulfurylase. J Biol Chem 2000; 275:36303-10. [PMID: 10956658 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m005992200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
ATP sulfurylase from Penicillium chrysogenum is an allosteric enzyme in which Cys-509 is critical for maintaining the R state. Cys-509 is located in a C-terminal domain that is 42% identical to the conserved core of adenosine 5'-phosphosulfate (adenylylsulfate) (APS) kinase. This domain is believed to provide the binding site for the allosteric effector, 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate (PAPS). Replacement of Cys-509 with either Tyr or Ser destabilizes the R state, resulting in an enzyme that is intrinsically cooperative at pH 8 in the absence of PAPS. The kinetics of C509Y resemble those of the wild type enzyme in which Cys-509 has been covalently modified. The kinetics of C509S resemble those of the wild type enzyme in the presence of PAPS. It is likely that the negative charge on the Cys-509 side chain helps to stabilize the R state. Treatment of the enzyme with a low level of trypsin results in cleavage at Lys-527, a residue that lies in a region analogous to a PAPS motif-containing mobile loop of true APS kinase. Both mutant enzymes were cleaved more rapidly than the wild type enzyme, suggesting that movement of the mobile loop occurs during the R to T transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- I J MacRae
- Section of Molecular and Cellular Biology and Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, California 95616, USA
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