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Freeman AT, Lesperance M, Wai ES, Croteau NS, Fiorino L, Geller G, Brooks EG, Poonja Z, Fenton D, Irons S, Ksienski D. Treatment of non-small-cell lung cancer after progression on nivolumab or pembrolizumab. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 27:76-82. [PMID: 32489249 DOI: 10.3747/co.27.5495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Background Although PD-1 antibodies (PD1 Ab) are the standard of care for advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (ansclc), most patients will progress. We compared survival outcomes for patients with ansclc who received systemic therapy (st) after progression and for those who did not. Additionally, clinical characteristics that predicted receipt of st after PD1 Ab failure were evaluated. Methods All patients with ansclc in British Columbia initiated on nivolumab or pembrolizumab between June 2015 and November 2017, with subsequent progression, were identified. Eligibility criteria for additional st included an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ecog) performance status (ps) of 3 or less and survival for more than 30 days from the last PD1 Ab treatment. Post-progression survival (pps) was assessed by landmark analysis. Baseline characteristics associated with pps were identified by multivariable analysis. Results Of 94 patients meeting the eligibility criteria, 33 received st after progression. In 75.6%, a PD1 Ab was received as first- or second-line treatment. The most common sts were erlotinib (36.4%) and docetaxel (27.3%). No statistically significant difference in median pps was observed between patients who did and did not receive st within 30 days of their last PD1 Ab treatment (6.9 months vs. 3.6 months, log-rank p = 0.15.) In multivariable analysis, factors associated with increased pps included an ecog ps of 0 or 1 compared with 2 or 3 [hazard ratio (hr): 0.42; 95% confidence interval (ci): 0.24 to 0.73; p = 0.002] and any response compared with no response to PD1 Ab (hr: 0.54; 95% ci: 0.33 to 0.90; p = 0.02). Conclusions In this cohort, only 35.1% of patients eligible for post-PD1 Ab therapy received st. Post-progression survival was not significantly affected by receipt of post-progression therapy. Prospective trials are needed to clarify the benefit of post-PD1 Ab treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - M Lesperance
- University of Victoria, Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Victoria, BC
| | - E S Wai
- BC Cancer-Victoria, Victoria, BC.,University of British Columbia, Department of Medicine, Vancouver, BC
| | - N S Croteau
- University of Victoria, Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Victoria, BC
| | - L Fiorino
- BC Cancer-Victoria, Victoria, BC.,University of British Columbia, Department of Medicine, Vancouver, BC
| | - G Geller
- BC Cancer-Victoria, Victoria, BC.,University of British Columbia, Department of Medicine, Vancouver, BC
| | - E G Brooks
- BC Cancer-Victoria, Victoria, BC.,University of British Columbia, Department of Medicine, Vancouver, BC
| | - Z Poonja
- BC Cancer-Victoria, Victoria, BC.,University of British Columbia, Department of Medicine, Vancouver, BC
| | - D Fenton
- BC Cancer-Victoria, Victoria, BC.,University of British Columbia, Department of Medicine, Vancouver, BC
| | - S Irons
- University of Victoria, Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Victoria, BC
| | - D Ksienski
- BC Cancer-Victoria, Victoria, BC.,University of British Columbia, Department of Medicine, Vancouver, BC
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2
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Würtzen PA, Hoof I, Christensen LH, Váczy Z, Henmar H, Salamanca G, Lundegaard C, Lund L, Kráľova T, Brooks EG, Andersen PS. Diverse and highly cross-reactive T-cell responses in ragweed allergic patients independent of geographical region. Allergy 2020; 75:137-147. [PMID: 31325327 DOI: 10.1111/all.13992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Revised: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ragweed frequently causes seasonal allergies in North America and Europe. In the United States, several related ragweed species with diverse geographical distribution cause allergic symptoms. Cross-reactivity towards related ragweed species of IgE and treatment-induced IgG4 has been demonstrated previously. However, less is known about the underlying T-cell cross-reactivity. METHODS The allergen content of ragweed extracts was determined by mass spectrometry and related to T-cell epitopes of Amb a allergens (group 1, 3, 4, 5, 8 and 11) in 20 American ragweed allergic patients determined by FluoroSpot and proliferation assays. T-cell responses to 50 frequently recognized Amb a-derived T-cell epitopes and homologous peptides from western ragweed (Amb p), giant ragweed (Amb t) and mugwort (Art v) were investigated in an additional 11 American and 14 Slovakian ragweed allergic donors. RESULTS Ragweed extracts contained all known allergens and isoallergens thereof. Donor T-cell responses were diverse and directed against all Amb a 1 isoallergens and to most minor allergens investigated. Similar response patterns were seen in American and Slovakia donors. Several epitopes were cross-reactive between isoallergens and ragweed species, some even including mugwort. T-cell cross-reactivity generally correlated with allergen sequence homology. CONCLUSION T-cell epitopes of multiple allergens/isoallergens are involved in the diverse T-cell responses in ragweed allergic individuals. T-cell lines were highly cross-reactive to epitopes of related ragweed species without any apparent geographical response bias. These data support that different ragweed species can be considered an allergen homology group with Amb a as the representative species regarding diagnosis as well as allergy immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ilka Hoof
- Global Research ALK Hørsholm Denmark
| | | | - Zuzana Váczy
- Louis Pasteur University Hospital Košice Slovak Republic
| | | | | | | | - Lise Lund
- Global Research ALK Hørsholm Denmark
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3
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Carlson AK, Rawle RA, Wallace CW, Brooks EG, Adams E, Greenwood MC, Olmer M, Lotz MK, Bothner B, June RK. Characterization of synovial fluid metabolomic phenotypes of cartilage morphological changes associated with osteoarthritis. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2019; 27:1174-1184. [PMID: 31028882 PMCID: PMC6646055 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2019.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Revised: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Osteoarthritis (OA) is a multifactorial disease with etiological heterogeneity. The objective of this study was to classify OA subgroups by generating metabolomic phenotypes from human synovial fluid. DESIGN Post mortem synovial fluids (n = 75) were analyzed by high performance-liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC-MS) to measure changes in the global metabolome. Comparisons of healthy (grade 0), early OA (grades I-II), and late OA (grades III-IV) donor populations were considered to reveal phenotypes throughout disease progression. RESULTS Global metabolomic profiles in synovial fluid were distinct between healthy, early OA, and late OA donors. Pathways differentially activated among these groups included structural deterioration, glycerophospholipid metabolism, inflammation, central energy metabolism, oxidative stress, and vitamin metabolism. Within disease states (early and late OA), subgroups of donors revealed distinct phenotypes. Synovial fluid metabolomic phenotypes exhibited increased inflammation (early and late OA), oxidative stress (late OA), or structural deterioration (early and late OA) in the synovial fluid. CONCLUSION These results revealed distinct metabolic phenotypes in human synovial fluid, provide insight into pathogenesis, represent novel biomarkers, and can move toward developing personalized interventions for subgroups of OA patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- A K Carlson
- Montana State University, Departments of Mechanical & Industrial Engineering, Chemistry & Biochemistry, Chemical & Biological Engineering, Mathematical Sciences, WWAMI, USA; Carroll College, Life and Environmental Sciences Department, USA
| | - R A Rawle
- Montana State University, Departments of Mechanical & Industrial Engineering, Chemistry & Biochemistry, Chemical & Biological Engineering, Mathematical Sciences, WWAMI, USA
| | - C W Wallace
- Montana State University, Departments of Mechanical & Industrial Engineering, Chemistry & Biochemistry, Chemical & Biological Engineering, Mathematical Sciences, WWAMI, USA
| | - E G Brooks
- Montana State University, Departments of Mechanical & Industrial Engineering, Chemistry & Biochemistry, Chemical & Biological Engineering, Mathematical Sciences, WWAMI, USA
| | - E Adams
- Montana State University, Departments of Mechanical & Industrial Engineering, Chemistry & Biochemistry, Chemical & Biological Engineering, Mathematical Sciences, WWAMI, USA
| | - M C Greenwood
- Montana State University, Departments of Mechanical & Industrial Engineering, Chemistry & Biochemistry, Chemical & Biological Engineering, Mathematical Sciences, WWAMI, USA
| | - M Olmer
- The Scripps Research Institute, Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, USA
| | - M K Lotz
- The Scripps Research Institute, Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, USA
| | - B Bothner
- Montana State University, Departments of Mechanical & Industrial Engineering, Chemistry & Biochemistry, Chemical & Biological Engineering, Mathematical Sciences, WWAMI, USA
| | - R K June
- Montana State University, Departments of Mechanical & Industrial Engineering, Chemistry & Biochemistry, Chemical & Biological Engineering, Mathematical Sciences, WWAMI, USA.
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4
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE Many pathogenesis-related (PR) proteins from plants are allergenic. We review the evidence that PR proteins represent an increasingly important group of plant-derived allergens. DATA SOURCES A detailed literature search was conducted through PubMed and GenBank databases. STUDY SELECTION All reports in PubMed and GenBank related to PR protein allergens for which at least partial amino acid sequence is known were included. RESULTS Production of PR proteins by plants is induced in plants by stress. Members of PR-protein groups 2, 3, 4, 5, 8, 10, and 14 have demonstrated allergenicity. PR2-, 3-, 4-, and 8-homologous allergens are represented by the latex allergens. Cross-reactivity of PR3 latex allergen, Hev b 6.02, with some fruit allergens may be a reflection of the representation of homologous PR proteins among varied plants. The expression of one of the representative PR5-homologous cedar pollen allergens, Jun a 3, is highly variable across years and geographic areas, possibly because of variable induction of this PR protein by environmental factors. PR10-homologous birch pollen allergen, Bet v 1, is structurally similar to and cross-reacts with PR10 proteins from fruits (eg, Mal d 1) which cause oral allergy syndrome. PR14 allergens (eg, Zea m 14) consist of lipid transfer proteins found in grains and fruits and are inducers of anaphylaxis. CONCLUSIONS PR-homologous allergens are pervasive in nature. Similarity in the amino acid sequences among members of PR proteins may be responsible for cross-reactivity among allergens from diverse plants. Induced expression of PR-homologous allergens by environmental factors may explain varying degrees of allergenicity. Man-made environmental pollutants may also alter the expression of some PR protein allergens.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Midoro-Horiuti
- Department of Pediatrics, Child Health Research Center, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston 77555-0366, USA.
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5
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Wang J, Brooks EG, Bamford KB, Denning TL, Pappo J, Ernst PB. Negative selection of T cells by Helicobacter pylori as a model for bacterial strain selection by immune evasion. J Immunol 2001; 167:926-34. [PMID: 11441100 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.167.2.926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The majority of humans infected with Helicobacter pylori maintain a lifelong infection with strains bearing the cag pathogenicity island (PAI). H. pylori inhibits T cell responses and evades immunity so the mechanism by which infection impairs responsiveness was investigated. H. pylori caused apoptotic T cell death, whereas Campylobacter jejuni did not. The induction of apoptosis by H. pylori was blocked by an anti-Fas Ab (ZB4) or a caspase 8 inhibitor. In addition, a T cell line with the Fas rendered nonfunctional by a frame shift mutation was resistant to H. pylori-induced death. H. pylori strains bearing the cag PAI preferentially induced the expression of Fas ligand (FasL) on T cells and T cell death, whereas isogenic mutants lacking these genes did not. Inhibiting protein synthesis blocked FasL expression and apoptosis of T cells. Preventing the cleavage of FasL with a metalloproteinase inhibitor increased H. pylori-mediated killing. Thus, H. pylori induced apoptosis in Fas-bearing T cells through the induction of FasL expression. Moreover, this effect was linked to bacterial products encoded by the cag PAI, suggesting that persistent infection with this strain may be favored through the negative selection of T cells encountering specific H. pylori Ags.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
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6
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Cedar pollens are important causes of seasonal allergic disease in diverse geographical areas. However, pollens from different families and species vary in their propensity to induce allergic responses. OBJECTIVE To compare the structure of potential allergens from eastern red cedar (Juniperus virginiana) pollen with those of the highly allergenic cedar (mountain cedar, J. ashei) pollens. MATERIALS AND METHODS The cDNAs for potential pollen allergens, Jun v 1 and Jun v 3, were amplified by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction, cloned and sequenced. Expression of the native proteins in pollen was characterized by SDS-PAGE and immunoblotting. RESULTS The cDNA sequence for one potential major allergen, Jun v 1, was highly homologous to those of the other cedar pollens. The second potential allergen, Jun v 3, was also highly homologous to its counterpart in mountain cedar, but a stop codon in the mRNA would result in a protein of only 91 amino acids, which would lack potential N-glycosylation sites and the IgE binding epitopes of the 199 amino acid homologue from mountain cedar pollen, Jun a 3. IgE from the sera of patients with hypersensitivity to cedar pollen bound to eastern red cedar proteins of four different sizes. N-terminal amino acid sequence analysis indicated that two of these proteins (43 and 30 kDa) were either isoforms or processed Jun v 1. No Jun v 3 protein was detected. The N-terminal sequence of an additional 145-kDa allergen, termed Jun v 4, was not homologous to any previously described allergens. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that mutations in the genes or post-translational modifications of two potentially allergenic proteins might help to explain why the pollen of eastern red cedar is reported to be less allergenic than those of other members of Cupressaceae and Taxodiaceae families.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Midoro-Horiuti
- Department of Paediatrics, Child Health Research Center, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555-0366, USA
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7
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Villa A, Sobacchi C, Notarangelo LD, Bozzi F, Abinun M, Abrahamsen TG, Arkwright PD, Baniyash M, Brooks EG, Conley ME, Cortes P, Duse M, Fasth A, Filipovich AM, Infante AJ, Jones A, Mazzolari E, Muller SM, Pasic S, Rechavi G, Sacco MG, Santagata S, Schroeder ML, Seger R, Strina D, Ugazio A, Väliaho J, Vihinen M, Vogler LB, Ochs H, Vezzoni P, Friedrich W, Schwarz K. V(D)J recombination defects in lymphocytes due to RAG mutations: severe immunodeficiency with a spectrum of clinical presentations. Blood 2001; 97:81-8. [PMID: 11133745 DOI: 10.1182/blood.v97.1.81] [Citation(s) in RCA: 272] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) comprises a heterogeneous group of primary immunodeficiencies, a proportion of which are due to mutations in either of the 2 recombination activating genes (RAG)-1 and -2, which mediate the process of V(D)J recombination leading to the assembly of antigen receptor genes. It is reported here that the clinical and immunologic phenotypes of patients bearing mutations in RAGs are more diverse than previously thought and that this variability is related, in part, to the specific type of RAG mutation. By analyzing 44 such patients from 41 families, the following conclusions were reached: (1) null mutations on both alleles lead to the T-B-SCID phenotype; (2) patients manifesting classic Omenn syndrome (OS) have missense mutations on at least one allele and maintain partial V(D)J recombination activity, which accounts for the generation of residual, oligoclonal T-lymphocytes; (3) in a third group of patients, findings were only partially compatible with OS, and these patients, who also carried at least one missense mutation, may be considered to have atypical SCID/OS; (4) patients with engraftment of maternal T cells as a complication of a transplacental transfusion represented a fourth group, and these patients, who often presented with a clinical phenotype mimicking OS, may be observed regardless of the type of RAG gene mutation. Analysis of the RAG genes by direct sequencing is an effective way to provide accurate diagnosis of RAG-deficient as opposed to RAG-independent V(D)J recombination defects, a distinction that cannot be made based on clinical and immunologic phenotype alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Villa
- Department of Human Genome and Multifactorial Disease, Istituto di Tecnologie, Biomediche Avanzate, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Segrate, Italy
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8
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Soman KV, Midoro-Horiuti T, Ferreon JC, Goldblum RM, Brooks EG, Kurosky A, Braun W, Schein CH. Homology modeling and characterization of IgE binding epitopes of mountain cedar allergen Jun a 3. Biophys J 2000; 79:1601-9. [PMID: 10969020 PMCID: PMC1301052 DOI: 10.1016/s0006-3495(00)76410-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The Jun a 3 protein from mountain cedar (Juniperus ashei) pollen, a member of group 5 of the family of plant pathogenesis-related proteins (PR-proteins), reacts with serum IgE from patients with cedar hypersensitivity. We used the crystal structures of two other proteins of this group, thaumatin and an antifungal protein from tobacco, both approximately 50% identical in sequence to Jun a 3, as templates to build homology models for the allergen. The in-house programs EXDIS and FANTOM were used to extract distance and dihedral angle constraints from the Protein Data Bank files and determine energy-minimized structures. The mean backbone deviations for the energy-refined model structures from either of the templates is <1 A, their conformational energies are low, and their stereochemical properties (determined with PROCHECK) are acceptable. The circular dichroism spectrum of Jun a 3 is consistent with the postulated beta-sheet core. Tryptic fragments of Jun a 3 that reacted with IgE from allergic patients all mapped to one helical/loop surface of the models. The Jun a 3 models have features common to aerosol allergens from completely different protein families, suggesting that tertiary structural elements may mediate the triggering of an allergic response.
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Affiliation(s)
- K V Soman
- Sealy Center for Structural Biology and Department of Human Biological Chemistry and Genetics, Child Health Research Center, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas 77555-1157 USA
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9
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Gomez CA, Ptaszek LM, Villa A, Bozzi F, Sobacchi C, Brooks EG, Notarangelo LD, Spanopoulou E, Pan ZQ, Vezzoni P, Cortes P, Santagata S. Mutations in conserved regions of the predicted RAG2 kelch repeats block initiation of V(D)J recombination and result in primary immunodeficiencies. Mol Cell Biol 2000; 20:5653-64. [PMID: 10891502 PMCID: PMC86034 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.20.15.5653-5664.2000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The V(D)J recombination reaction is composed of multiple nucleolytic processing steps mediated by the recombination-activating proteins RAG1 and RAG2. Sequence analysis has suggested that RAG2 contains six kelch repeat motifs that are predicted to form a six-bladed beta-propeller structure, with the second beta-strand of each repeat demonstrating marked conservation both within and between kelch repeat-containing proteins. Here we demonstrate that mutations G95R and DeltaI273 within the predicted second beta-strand of repeats 2 and 5 of RAG2 lead to immunodeficiency in patients P1 and P2. Green fluorescent protein fusions with the mutant proteins reveal appropriate localization to the nucleus. However, both mutations reduce the capacity of RAG2 to interact with RAG1 and block recombination signal cleavage, therefore implicating a defect in the early steps of the recombination reaction as the basis of the clinical phenotype. The present experiments, performed with an extensive panel of site-directed mutations within each of the six kelch motifs, further support the critical role of both hydrophobic and glycine-rich regions within the second beta-strand for RAG1-RAG2 interaction and recombination signal recognition and cleavage. In contrast, multiple mutations within the variable-loop regions of the kelch repeats had either mild or no effects on RAG1-RAG2 interaction and hence on the ability to mediate recombination. In all, the data demonstrate a critical role of the RAG2 kelch repeats for V(D)J recombination and highlight the importance of the conserved elements of the kelch motif.
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Affiliation(s)
- C A Gomez
- Ruttenberg Cancer Center, Mount Sinai School of Medicine of New York University, New York, New York 10029, USA
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10
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Wang J, Fan X, Lindholm C, Bennett M, O'Connoll J, Shanahan F, Brooks EG, Reyes VE, Ernst PB. Helicobacter pylori modulates lymphoepithelial cell interactions leading to epithelial cell damage through Fas/Fas ligand interactions. Infect Immun 2000; 68:4303-11. [PMID: 10858249 PMCID: PMC101751 DOI: 10.1128/iai.68.7.4303-4311.2000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/1999] [Accepted: 04/20/2000] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori causes a common chronic infection of humans that leads to epithelial cell damage. Studies have shown that apoptosis of the gastric epithelium is increased during infection and this response is associated with an expansion of gastric T-helper type 1 (Th1) cells. We report that gastric T cells contribute to apoptosis of the epithelium by a Fas/Fas ligand (FasL) interaction. Fas receptor expression was detected on freshly isolated gastric epithelial cells by flow cytometry and immunohistochemistry, and this level of expression was increased during infection with H. pylori. The expression of Fas receptor on three gastric epithelial cell lines was increased by H. pylori, either alone or in combination with gamma interferon or tumor necrosis factor alpha. The role of Fas in apoptosis of gastric epithelial cell lines was evidenced by DNA fragmentation after cross-linking of Fas with specific antibodies. FasL expression was detected by immunohistochemistry on mononuclear cells in gastric biopsy specimens of infected but not uninfected subjects. Gastric T-cell lines were also shown to express FasL, as evidenced by reverse transcription-PCR and killing of target cells expressing Fas receptor. Moreover, these T-cell lines were capable of killing cultured gastric epithelial target cells and antibodies that block the interaction between Fas receptor and FasL inhibited this cytotoxic activity. These observations demonstrate that local Th1 cells may contribute to the pathogenesis of gastric disease during H. pylori infection by increasing the expression of Fas on gastric epithelial cells and inducing apoptosis through Fas/FasL interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Wang
- Departments of Pediatrics, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas 77555-0366, USA
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11
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Abstract
The T-cell receptor (TCR) genetic loci undergo an orderly process of recombination in ontogeny in order to generate a diverse array of antigen receptors. Normally occurring, out-of-frame and incomplete rearrangements produce non-productive TCR transcripts. Abnormalities in the rearrangement process occur at very low frequencies but may predominate in inborn errors of recombination. Detecting these abnormalities in surviving pools of lymphocytes is difficult and typically focuses on identification of abnormally rearranged alleles or on detecting abnormalities in recombinase proteins. Thus, there currently exists no rapid screening method to identify aberrant V(D)J recombination. To address this issue, a mathematical model was developed to predict the error rate from the measured proportions of different non-productive TCR alleles. Since the proportions of different non-productive rearrangements vary in a characteristic fashion in response to abnormalities in the recombination process, the mathematical model presented here provides a tool to indirectly assess the error rate of TCR recombination. The model was applied to a group of patients with Omenn's syndrome, most of whom had an unknown primary defect. The results indicate that these patients had a > 90% rate of aberrant TCR recombination.
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Affiliation(s)
- E G Brooks
- Child Health Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston 77555-0366, USA.
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12
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Midoro-Horiuti T, Goldblum RM, Kurosky A, Wood TG, Schein CH, Brooks EG. Molecular cloning of the mountain cedar (Juniperus ashei) pollen major allergen, Jun a 1. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1999; 104:613-7. [PMID: 10482836 DOI: 10.1016/s0091-6749(99)70332-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cedar pollens cause allergic disease in diverse geographic areas. We have recently purified and characterized the major mountain cedar (Juniperus ashei) pollen allergen, Jun a 1. OBJECTIVE A full-length complementary DNA for Jun a 1 was cloned and sequenced, and the recombinant protein was expressed. METHODS Messenger RNA from mountain cedar pollen was purified and Jun a 1 sequences were established with use of reverse transcriptase-PCR and primers based on the N-terminal amino acid sequence of Jun a 1 and the homologous protein Cry j 1. Portions of the nucleotide sequence were confirmed by comparison with N-terminal amino acid sequencing of the intact tryptic fragments of the purified native protein. Recombinant Jun a 1 was cloned into pET 30, expressed in BL21, and purified by HPLC, and its allergenicity was analyzed by Western blotting with patient sera. RESULTS Jun a 1 possesses a high level of amino acid sequence homology with Cha o 1 and Cry j 1, the major allergens of Japanese cypress and Japanese cedar. The amino acid sequence of a region with putative pectate lyase activity was identical to that of Cry j 1 and Cha o 1. Jun a 1 contained 2 potential N-glycosylation sites that were distinct from those found in Cry j 1. The IgE from patient sera bound recombinant Jun a 1 in Western blot analysis. CONCLUSION The high degree of homology of Jun a 1 with Cha o 1 and Cry j 1 may explain the cross-reactivity of conifer pollens. Differences in N-glycosylation suggest little overlap of glycopeptide epitopes.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Midoro-Horiuti
- Department of Pediatrics, Child Health Research Center, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, 77555-0366, USA
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13
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Midoro-Horiuti T, Goldblum RM, Kurosky A, Goetz DW, Brooks EG. Isolation and characterization of the mountain cedar (Juniperus ashei) pollen major allergen, Jun a 1. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1999; 104:608-12. [PMID: 10482835 DOI: 10.1016/s0091-6749(99)70331-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cedar pollens are important causes of seasonal allergic disease in diverse geographic areas. OBJECTIVE A major allergen from mountain cedar (Juniperus ashei) pollen, termed Jun a 1, was isolated and characterized. METHODS Water-soluble pollen glycoproteins were extracted, salt precipitated, and purified with use of concanavalin A affinity chromatography or HPLC. The purified fractions were characterized by SDS-PAGE, immunoblotting, and N-terminal amino acid sequence analysis. Binding of allergen-specific IgE from the sera of cedar-hypersensitive patients was detected by ELISA and antigen-specific responses of peripheral blood T cells by tritiated thymidine incorporation. RESULTS The major extractable cedar pollen glycoprotein had a molecular weight and N-terminal amino acid sequence that was similar to that of the major allergen Cha o 1, from Japanese cypress (Chamaecyparis obtusa), and Cry j 1, from Japanese cedar (Cryptomeria japonica). IgE from cedar-hypersensitive patients' sera bound to the isolated glycoprotein. CONCLUSION The predominance of Jun a 1 in the soluble proteins of mountain cedar pollen and its high degree of homology with Cha o 1 and Cry j 1 make it likely to be the major allergen of this pollen. Amino acid sequence conservation also makes Jun a 1 a potential target for cross-reactivity between these pollen allergens. The observed reactivity of IgE from the sera of Japanese cedar-sensitive patients with Jun a 1 is consistent with this proposition.
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MESH Headings
- Allergens/chemistry
- Allergens/immunology
- Allergens/isolation & purification
- Antigens, Plant
- Cell Division
- Cells, Cultured
- Humans
- Immunoglobulin E/immunology
- Isoelectric Point
- Juniperus
- Leukocytes, Mononuclear/cytology
- Leukocytes, Mononuclear/immunology
- Molecular Weight
- Plant Proteins/chemistry
- Plant Proteins/immunology
- Plant Proteins/isolation & purification
- Pollen/immunology
- Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal/blood
- Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal/etiology
- Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal/immunology
- Sequence Analysis
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Affiliation(s)
- T Midoro-Horiuti
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, 77555-0366, USA
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14
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Brooks EG, Filipovich AH, Padgett JW, Mamlock R, Goldblum RM. T-cell receptor analysis in Omenn's syndrome: evidence for defects in gene rearrangement and assembly. Blood 1999; 93:242-50. [PMID: 9864167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients with Omenn's syndrome have a form of severe immune deficiency that is associated with pathological features of graft-versus-host disease, except for the lack of foreign engraftment. It has been hypothesized that the disease's unique clinical features are mediated by an expanded population of autologous self-reactive T cells of limited clonality. In the current study, an investigation of the T-cell receptor (TCR) repertoire was undertaken to identify defects in T-cell rearrangement and development. The TCR repertoire in this group of patients was exquisitely restricted in the number of different TCR clonotypes, and some of these clonotypes seemed to have similar recognition motifs in the antigen-binding region, indicating antigen-driven proliferation of T lymphocytes. The TCRs from some patients lacked N- or P-nucleotide insertions and used proximal variable and joining gene segments, suggesting abnormal intrathymic T-cell development. Finally, abnormal assembly of gene segments and truncated rearrangements within nonproductive alleles suggested abnormalities in TCR rearrangement mechanisms. Overall, the findings suggest that inefficient and/or abnormal generation of TCRs may be a consistent feature of this disease.
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MESH Headings
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Base Sequence
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 22/genetics
- DiGeorge Syndrome/genetics
- DiGeorge Syndrome/immunology
- Female
- Gene Rearrangement, T-Lymphocyte
- Gene Rearrangement, alpha-Chain T-Cell Antigen Receptor
- Gene Rearrangement, beta-Chain T-Cell Antigen Receptor
- Humans
- Infant
- Infant, Newborn
- Male
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/analysis
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/genetics
- Severe Combined Immunodeficiency/genetics
- Severe Combined Immunodeficiency/immunology
- Syndrome
- Transcription, Genetic
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Affiliation(s)
- E G Brooks
- University of Texas Medical Branch, Department of Pediatrics, Child Health Research Center, Galveston, TX 77555-0366, USA.
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15
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Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the effectiveness of applied teaching methodologies in a camp setting on asthma self-management skills in school-age children. DESIGN This was a descriptive pilot study using a one-group pretest-posttest design. SAMPLE Thirty-four subjects, ages 6 to 12 years, representing a typical clinical population of children with asthma. METHODS Children's asthma knowledge, symptoms, behavior, and mastery, as well as peak-flow technique, were measured 2 to 3 weeks before camp and then again on the last day of camp. Baseline measures of parents' asthma knowledge and family stress related to asthma were obtained. Outcomes specific to asthma management, such as missed school days, emergency room visits, and hospitalizations, were evaluated by parent report the year before and after the intervention. RESULTS Significant improvement in peak-flow technique and a reported reduction in emergency room visits and missed school days after camp were found. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS In this pilot study, the use of an applied teaching format for school-age children in an asthma day camp resulted in some learning. More rigorous design and instrumentation are important for better evaluation of programs such as this. Nurses working with these populations should plan structured evaluations of the programs so they can best meet the children's needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Meng
- University of Texas School of Nursing at Galveston 77555-1029, USA.
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16
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Bamford KB, Fan X, Crowe SE, Leary JF, Gourley WK, Luthra GK, Brooks EG, Graham DY, Reyes VE, Ernst PB. Lymphocytes in the human gastric mucosa during Helicobacter pylori have a T helper cell 1 phenotype. Gastroenterology 1998; 114:482-92. [PMID: 9496938 DOI: 10.1016/s0016-5085(98)70531-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 419] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Studies have shown that gastric T cells are increased during Helicobacter pylori infection. The purpose of this study was to characterize the human gastric T-cell responses in the presence or absence of H. pylori. METHODS T-cell surface antigens were examined by immunohistochemistry or after isolation for evaluation of surface antigens and cytoplasmic cytokines using flow cytometry. RESULTS CD4+ and CD8+ T cells were increased in situ during infection with H. pylori. Freshly isolated gastric T cells expressed cytoplasmic interferon gamma (IFN-gamma) and interleukin (IL)-2 after a brief stimulation. Simultaneous four-color flow cytometry demonstrated that both CD8+ and CD4+ T cells expressed IFN-gamma. Because stimulation through CD30 favors the induction of IL-5 and Th2 cells, gastric and colonic T cells were examined for CD30 expression. Consistent with the notion that Th2 cells are found in the intestine, CD30 was evident throughout the lamina propria of the colon but was virtually absent in the stomach. Furthermore, freshly isolated gastric T cells produced little IL-4 and virtually no IL-5 or tumor necrosis factor beta. CONCLUSIONS These observations show that gastric T cells resemble the Th1 type, which may explain their failure to induce immunity to H. pylori and their ability to contribute to the pathogenesis of gastric disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- K B Bamford
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Queen's University of Belfast, Northern Ireland
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17
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Schmalstieg FC, Leonard WJ, Noguchi M, Berg M, Rudloff HE, Denney RM, Dave SK, Brooks EG, Goldman AS. Missense mutation in exon 7 of the common gamma chain gene causes a moderate form of X-linked combined immunodeficiency. J Clin Invest 1995; 95:1169-73. [PMID: 7883965 PMCID: PMC441454 DOI: 10.1172/jci117765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Clinical and immunologic features of a recently recognized X-linked combined immunodeficiency disease (XCID) suggested that XCID and X-linked severe combined immunodeficiency (XSCID) might arise from different genetic defects. The recent discovery of mutations in the common gamma chain (gamma c) gene, a constituent of several cytokine receptors, in XSCID provided an opportunity to test directly whether a previously unrecognized mutation in this same gene was responsible for XCID. The status of X chromosome inactivation in blood leukocytes from obligate carriers of XCID was determined from the polymorphic, short tandem repeats (CAG), in the androgen receptor gene, which also contains a methylation-sensitive HpaII site. As in XSCID, X-chromosome inactivation in obligate carriers of XCID was nonrandom in T and B lymphocytes. In addition, X chromosome inactivation in PMNs was variable. Findings from this analysis prompted sequencing of the gamma c gene in this pedigree. A missense mutation in the region coding for the cytoplasmic portion of the gamma c gene was found in three affected males but not in a normal brother. Therefore, this point mutation in the gamma c gene leads to a less severe degree of deficiency in cellular and humoral immunity than that seen in XSCID.
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Affiliation(s)
- F C Schmalstieg
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston 77555-0369
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18
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Brooks EG, Klimpel GR, Vaidya SE, Keeney SE, Raimer S, Goldman AS, Schmalstieg FC. Thymic hypoplasia and T-cell deficiency in ectodermal dysplasia: case report and review of the literature. Clin Immunol Immunopathol 1994; 71:44-52. [PMID: 8137558 DOI: 10.1006/clin.1994.1050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Ectodermal dysplasia is a heterogeneous disorder that includes a constellation of congenital malformations occasionally associated with mild to moderate immune dysfunction. In this report, we describe a female infant with ectodermal dysplasia who was found to have thymic hypoplasia but no other phenotypic features of the DiGeorge anomalad. She experienced Candida parapsilosis sepsis at 1 week of age and a skin infection with Mycobacterium chelonii at 6 months. The numbers of blood B cells were normal and serum immunoglobulins normal to slightly reduced, but serum antibody responses of all immunoglobulin isotypes to protein immunogens were absent. Blood T cells were profoundly reduced and proliferative responses of T cells to mitogens were blunted. In contrast, there was an increased number of natural killer (NK) cells and increased NK activity in the blood. Over the first year of life, some of the immunodeficiencies resolved. Although the numbers of blood T cells (17% of total lymphocytes) remained low, proliferative responses to mitogens normalized and specific antibody responses improved. It seems likely that the thymic hypoplasia in this case was due to a paucity of ectodermal elements in the developing thymus, and that the immune defects were largely secondary to that event. In that respect, this human model of ectodermal dysplasia and thymic hypoplasia resembled the ectodermal/thymic defects found in the nude mouse.
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Affiliation(s)
- E G Brooks
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston 77550
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19
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Brooks EG, Balk SP, Aupeix K, Colonna M, Strominger JL, Groh-Spies V. Human T-cell receptor (TCR) alpha/beta + CD4-CD8- T cells express oligoclonal TCRs, share junctional motifs across TCR V beta-gene families, and phenotypically resemble memory T cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1993; 90:11787-91. [PMID: 7505446 PMCID: PMC48069 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.90.24.11787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Most human T cells express the TCR alpha/beta and either CD4 or CD8 molecules (single positive, SP); however, small numbers lack CD4 and CD8. In inbred mice, alpha/beta CD4-CD8- (double negative, DN) T cells preferentially express certain beta variable region (V beta) families and may arise via unique developmental pathways. Increased percentages of alpha/beta DN T cells have been identified in some human and murine autoimmune and immunodeficiency diseases. However, their contribution to disease pathology or normal immunity is unknown. To study the cell surface phenotype and TCR diversity of human alpha/beta DN T cells, these cells were isolated from the peripheral blood of healthy adults. The proportion of alpha/beta DN T cells expressing molecules associated with activation (HLA-DR), previous exposure to antigen (CD45RO), and cytotoxic function (CD56, CD57, and CD11b) was increased relative to SP T cells. The TCR V beta repertoire of alpha/beta DN T cells was different from that of alpha/beta SP T cells, although most major gene families were present. For example, higher proportions of V beta 11, a minor gene family in peripheral blood leukocytes, were found in most alpha/beta DN T-cell samples. In contrast to mice, no dominant V beta family was used consistently in different human individuals. Within an individual alpha/beta DN T cells possessed an oligoclonal TCR beta repertoire with conservation of several distinct junctional amino acid motifs with one joined to three different V beta genes in two individuals, suggesting that these cells have undergone a selection process driven by a limited set of ligands. The possibility that they may represent, at least in part, originally SP T cells anergized by down-modulation of CD4 or CD8 must also be entertained. Overall, this study demonstrates that human peripheral blood alpha/beta DN T cells possess unique phenotypic and TCR beta repertoire characteristics when compared with the major alpha/beta SP T cell populations and thus may serve specialized immunologic functions and/or have an unusual origin.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Antigens, CD/analysis
- Base Sequence
- CD4 Antigens/analysis
- CD8 Antigens/analysis
- Conserved Sequence
- DNA Primers
- Humans
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Multigene Family
- Oligonucleotides, Antisense
- Polymerase Chain Reaction
- RNA/genetics
- RNA/isolation & purification
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/biosynthesis
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta/analysis
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta/biosynthesis
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta/genetics
- T-Lymphocyte Subsets/immunology
- T-Lymphocyte Subsets/metabolism
- T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- E G Brooks
- Division of Tumor Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115
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20
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Brooks EG, Wirt DP, Klimpel GR, Vaidya S, Goldblum RM. In vivo and in vitro suppression of T-cell receptor alpha/beta CD4- CD8- T lymphocytes by cyclosporine A. Clin Immunol Immunopathol 1993; 67:224-31. [PMID: 8500270 DOI: 10.1006/clin.1993.1069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
We treated a patient with a combined immunodeficiency and disease pathology resembling GvHD with cyclosporine. This disorder was characterized by exfoliative dermatitis, lymphadenopathy, and lymphocytosis of a novel T-cell phenotype (CD3+ TCR alpha/beta+ CD4- CD8-). The patient's peripheral blood T cells had elevated cytolytic activity and expressed increased levels of IL2R, HLA-DR, and CD45RO. Treatment with CsA resulted in marked clinical improvement, resolution of the lymphocytosis, and reduced cytolytic activity of peripheral blood T cells. T-cell HLA-DR and IL2R expression was reduced by cyclosporine, but CD45RO remained intact on virtually all circulating T cells. CsA also inhibited the cytolytic activity and cytokine production of in vitro cultured TCR alpha/beta+ CD4- CD8- cell lines. Our data suggest that alleviation of the patient's clinical symptoms resulted from cyclosporine-mediated suppression of proliferation, cytotoxicity, and inflammatory cytokine production of TCR alpha/beta+ CD4- CD8- T lymphocytes in vivo. The response of this patient to cyclosporine, which was similar to that seen in true GvHD, provides further evidence that these conditions share common pathogenetic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- E G Brooks
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston 77550
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21
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Abstract
The cytotoxicity of human natural killer (NK) cells is modulated by the major histocompatibility complex human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-C molecules on the surface of the target cell. Alloreactive NK cells specific for the NK-1 alloantigen could be reproducibly generated from individuals that were homozygous for HLA-C with asparagine at residue 77 and lysine at residue 80 [HLA-C(Asn77,Lys80)] by stimulation with target cells that were homozygous for HLA-C(Ser77,Asn80); the reciprocal stimulation yielded NK cells specific for the NK-2 alloantigen. However, neither homozygous target cell stimulated the generation of alloreactive NK cells from heterozygous individuals. Thus, these data reveal an unanticipated difference between human NK alloreactivity defined by this system and murine "hybrid resistance."
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Affiliation(s)
- M Colonna
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics, Istituto Nazionale per la Ricerca sul Cancro, Genoa, Italy
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22
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Schmalstieg FC, Wirt DP, Adkins LT, Brooks EG, Stansberry SD, Swischuk LE, Goldman AS. Postnatal development of T lymphocytes in a novel X-linked immunodeficiency disease. Clin Immunol Immunopathol 1992; 64:71-7. [PMID: 1606754 DOI: 10.1016/0090-1229(92)90061-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
We previously reported an X-linked combined immunodeficiency disease (CID) characterized by immune deficiencies and complicating infections that were more moderate than those found in severe CID (SCID). Since other unstudied males in the family died in infancy, we questioned whether this T cell defect was more profound in early life. Subsequently, the development of blood T cells in an affected newborn male was examined. T cells were virtually undetectable at 48 hr. Over the next several months, CD4+ T cells (principally CD45RO+) rose to levels similar to those found in older affected males, but CD8+ T cells developed more slowly and never attained levels found in other affected males. Thus, this disease in early life mimics SCID and may pose a higher risk of fatal infections to affected individuals during that period. Finally, we speculate that the genetic defect may disrupt intrathymic development or selection of T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- F C Schmalstieg
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston 77555-0369
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23
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Goldman AS, Palkowetz KH, Rudloff HE, Brooks EG, Schmalstieg FC. Repertoire of Vα and Vβ regions of T cell antigen receptors on CD4+ and CD8+ peripheral blood T cells in a novel X-linked combined immunodeficiency disease. Eur J Immunol 1992; 22:1103-6. [PMID: 1348030 DOI: 10.1002/eji.1830220435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The repertoire of V regions of alpha/beta+ T cell receptor (TcR) on CD4+ and CD8+ T cells from the peripheral blood of six patients with a novel X-linked combined immunodeficiency was investigated by flow cytometry. The relative frequencies of V region subfamilies V alpha 2a on CD4+ T lymphocytes and V beta 5b and V beta 12a on CD8+ T lymphocytes from the peripheral blood from the affected males were decreased significantly. Also, the relative frequencies of certain other V region subfamilies on CD4+ or CD8+ T cells from the peripheral blood of some patients were either considerably below or above the ranges found in normal subjects. Although there may be other explanations including an extrathymic event, we suggest that the abnormalities in the TcR repertoire of peripheral blood T cells are consistent with a dysregulation of the intrathymic maturation/selection of T cells that leads to deficiencies in T cell populations in the peripheral blood of males with this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- A S Goldman
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston 77555
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24
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Pupo RA, Tyring SK, Raimer SS, Wirt DP, Brooks EG, Goldblum RM. Omenn's syndrome and related combined immunodeficiency syndromes: diagnostic considerations in infants with persistent erythroderma and failure to thrive. J Am Acad Dermatol 1991; 25:442-6. [PMID: 1832695 DOI: 10.1016/0190-9622(91)70225-q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
A 4-month-old male infant had a 2-month history of an exfoliative erythroderma and alopecia. Recurrent mucosal infections, diffuse lymphadenopathy, hepatosplenomegaly, lymphocytosis and eosinophilia, anemia, and failure to thrive later developed. Investigation revealed a combined immunodeficiency with T cells of an unusual phenotype in his peripheral blood, skin, and lymph nodes. Our patient's clinical manifestations most closely resemble Omenn's syndrome, a rare form of autosomal recessive combined immunodeficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- R A Pupo
- Department of Dermatology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston 77550
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25
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Brooks EG, Schmalstieg FC, Wirt DP, Rosenblatt HM, Adkins LT, Lookingbill DP, Rudloff HE, Rakusan TA, Goldman AS. A novel X-linked combined immunodeficiency disease. J Clin Invest 1990; 86:1623-31. [PMID: 2243135 PMCID: PMC296912 DOI: 10.1172/jci114884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel X-linked combined immunodeficiency disease was found in five living males in an extended family in the United States. The age of the affected males ranged from 2.5 to 34 yr. The most prominent clinical abnormalities were a paucity of lymphoid tissue; recurrent sinusitis, otitis media, bronchitis, and pneumonia; severe varicella; and chronic papillomavirus infections. The principal immunologic features of the disorder were normal concentrations of serum immunoglobulins but restricted formation of IgG antibodies to immunogens; normal numbers of B cells and NK cells but decreased numbers of CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes, particularly the CD45RA+ subpopulations; diminished proliferative responses of blood T cells to allogeneic cells, mitogens and antigens; and decreased production of IL-2 by mitogen stimulated blood lymphocytes. Thus, affected males in this family carry an abnormal gene on their X chromosome that results in a combined immunodeficiency that is distinct from previously reported disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- E G Brooks
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston 77550
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26
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Brooks EG, Wirt DP, Goldblum RM, Vaidya S, Asuncion MT, Patterson JC, Ware CF, Klimpel GR. Double-negative (CD4- CD8-) T cells with an alpha/beta T cell receptor. Non-MHC-restricted cytolytic activity and lymphokine production. The Journal of Immunology 1990. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.144.12.4507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
T cell lines with a novel phenotype (CD3+ TCR-alpha/beta+ CD4- CD8-) were developed from the peripheral blood of a patient with a combined immunodeficiency and tissue injury resembling graft-vs-host disease. One of these IL-2-dependent T cell lines demonstrated non-MHC-restricted cytolytic function against tumor targets, syngeneic and allogeneic fibroblasts, and PHA blasts from allogeneic donors. The other cell line only became cytotoxic in the presence of lectin or anti-CD3 antibody. The two cell lines also differed in their expression of the T-200 gene products CD45RO (gp180) and CD45RA (gp220). Both cell lines produced tumor necrosis factor-alpha and -beta and IFN-gamma activity when activated with mitogens or PMA and IL-1. The in vitro functions of these T-cell lines suggest a potential role for alpha/beta double-negative T lymphocytes in tissue injury resembling graft-vs-host disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- E G Brooks
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston 77550
| | - D P Wirt
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston 77550
| | - R M Goldblum
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston 77550
| | - S Vaidya
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston 77550
| | - M T Asuncion
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston 77550
| | - J C Patterson
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston 77550
| | - C F Ware
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston 77550
| | - G R Klimpel
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston 77550
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27
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Brooks EG, Wirt DP, Goldblum RM, Vaidya S, Asuncion MT, Patterson JC, Ware CF, Klimpel GR. Double-negative (CD4- CD8-) T cells with an alpha/beta T cell receptor. Non-MHC-restricted cytolytic activity and lymphokine production. J Immunol 1990; 144:4507-12. [PMID: 2141037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
T cell lines with a novel phenotype (CD3+ TCR-alpha/beta+ CD4- CD8-) were developed from the peripheral blood of a patient with a combined immunodeficiency and tissue injury resembling graft-vs-host disease. One of these IL-2-dependent T cell lines demonstrated non-MHC-restricted cytolytic function against tumor targets, syngeneic and allogeneic fibroblasts, and PHA blasts from allogeneic donors. The other cell line only became cytotoxic in the presence of lectin or anti-CD3 antibody. The two cell lines also differed in their expression of the T-200 gene products CD45RO (gp180) and CD45RA (gp220). Both cell lines produced tumor necrosis factor-alpha and -beta and IFN-gamma activity when activated with mitogens or PMA and IL-1. The in vitro functions of these T-cell lines suggest a potential role for alpha/beta double-negative T lymphocytes in tissue injury resembling graft-vs-host disease.
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MESH Headings
- Antigens, CD/analysis
- Antigens, Differentiation, T-Lymphocyte/analysis
- Antigens, Differentiation, T-Lymphocyte/genetics
- Blotting, Northern
- CD3 Complex
- CD4 Antigens/analysis
- CD4 Antigens/genetics
- CD8 Antigens
- Cytotoxicity, Immunologic
- Flow Cytometry
- Humans
- Immunity, Cellular
- Immunologic Deficiency Syndromes/immunology
- Infant
- Interferon-gamma/biosynthesis
- Lymphocyte Activation
- Lymphokines/biosynthesis
- Major Histocompatibility Complex
- Male
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/analysis
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/classification
- T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/immunology
- Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/biosynthesis
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Affiliation(s)
- E G Brooks
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston 77550
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28
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Wirt DP, Brooks EG, Vaidya S, Klimpel GR, Waldmann TA, Goldblum RM. Novel T-lymphocyte population in combined immunodeficiency with features of graft-versus-host disease. N Engl J Med 1989; 321:370-4. [PMID: 2787478 DOI: 10.1056/nejm198908103210606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- D P Wirt
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston 77550
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29
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Abstract
The activity of retrofacial expiratory cells was recorded from cats trained to inhibit inspiration in response to a tone. Because retrofacial expiratory cells inhibit inspiratory cells, we thought they might mediate this response. We found, however, that these cells were inactive during the response and thus could not be the mediators thereof. Moreover, retrofacial expiratory cells were inactive also during sneezing and thus were not acting as expiratory upper motoneurons during these active expirations. We propose that they act to promote and synchronize inspiratory activity.
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30
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Heagarty MC, Boehringer JR, Lavigne PA, Brooks EG, Evans ME. An evaluation of the activities of nurses and pediatricians in a university outpatient department. J Pediatr 1973; 83:875-9. [PMID: 4742586 DOI: 10.1016/s0022-3476(73)80392-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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