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Zhu E, Mathew D, Jee HJ, Sun M, Liu W, Zhang Q, Wang J. AMPAkines have site-specific analgesic effects in the cortex. Mol Pain 2024; 20:17448069231214677. [PMID: 37921508 PMCID: PMC10860473 DOI: 10.1177/17448069231214677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Different brain areas have distinct roles in the processing and regulation of pain and thus may form specific pharmacological targets. Prior research has shown that AMPAkines, a class of drugs that increase glutamate signaling, can enhance descending inhibition from the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and nucleus accumbens. On the other hand, activation of neurons in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) is known to produce the aversive component of pain. The impact of AMPAkines on ACC, however, is not known. We found that direct delivery of CX516, a well-known AMPAkine, into the ACC had no effect on the aversive response to pain in rats. Furthermore, AMPAkines did not modulate the nociceptive response of ACC neurons. In contrast, AMPAkine delivery into the prelimbic region of the prefrontal cortex (PL) reduced pain aversion. These results indicate that the analgesic effects of AMPAkines in the cortex are likely mediated by the PFC but not the ACC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elaine Zhu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative Care and Pain Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Interdisciplinary Pain Research Program, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Dave Mathew
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative Care and Pain Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Hyun Jung Jee
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative Care and Pain Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Interdisciplinary Pain Research Program, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mengqi Sun
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative Care and Pain Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Weizhuo Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative Care and Pain Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Qiaosheng Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative Care and Pain Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Interdisciplinary Pain Research Program, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative Care and Pain Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Interdisciplinary Pain Research Program, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Neuroscience Institute, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
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2
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Gomez K, Santiago U, Nelson TS, Allen HN, Calderon-Rivera A, Hestehave S, Rodríguez Palma EJ, Zhou Y, Duran P, Loya-Lopez S, Zhu E, Kumar U, Shields R, Koseli E, McKiver B, Giuvelis D, Zuo W, Inyang KE, Dorame A, Chefdeville A, Ran D, Perez-Miller S, Lu Y, Liu X, Handoko, Arora PS, Patek M, Moutal A, Khanna M, Hu H, Laumet G, King T, Wang J, Damaj MI, Korczeniewska OA, Camacho CJ, Khanna R. A peptidomimetic modulator of the Ca V2.2 N-type calcium channel for chronic pain. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2305215120. [PMID: 37972067 PMCID: PMC10666126 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2305215120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Transmembrane Cav2.2 (N-type) voltage-gated calcium channels are genetically and pharmacologically validated, clinically relevant pain targets. Clinical block of Cav2.2 (e.g., with Prialt/Ziconotide) or indirect modulation [e.g., with gabapentinoids such as Gabapentin (GBP)] mitigates chronic pain but is encumbered by side effects and abuse liability. The cytosolic auxiliary subunit collapsin response mediator protein 2 (CRMP2) targets Cav2.2 to the sensory neuron membrane and regulates their function via an intrinsically disordered motif. A CRMP2-derived peptide (CBD3) uncouples the Cav2.2-CRMP2 interaction to inhibit calcium influx, transmitter release, and pain. We developed and applied a molecular dynamics approach to identify the A1R2 dipeptide in CBD3 as the anchoring Cav2.2 motif and designed pharmacophore models to screen 27 million compounds on the open-access server ZincPharmer. Of 200 curated hits, 77 compounds were assessed using depolarization-evoked calcium influx in rat dorsal root ganglion neurons. Nine small molecules were tested electrophysiologically, while one (CBD3063) was also evaluated biochemically and behaviorally. CBD3063 uncoupled Cav2.2 from CRMP2, reduced membrane Cav2.2 expression and Ca2+ currents, decreased neurotransmission, reduced fiber photometry-based calcium responses in response to mechanical stimulation, and reversed neuropathic and inflammatory pain across sexes in two different species without changes in sensory, sedative, depressive, and cognitive behaviors. CBD3063 is a selective, first-in-class, CRMP2-based peptidomimetic small molecule, which allosterically regulates Cav2.2 to achieve analgesia and pain relief without negative side effect profiles. In summary, CBD3063 could potentially be a more effective alternative to GBP for pain relief.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly Gomez
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, College of Dentistry, New York University, New York, NY10010
- New York University Pain Research Center, New York, NY10010
| | - Ulises Santiago
- Department of Computational and Systems Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA15261
| | - Tyler S. Nelson
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, College of Dentistry, New York University, New York, NY10010
- New York University Pain Research Center, New York, NY10010
| | - Heather N. Allen
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, College of Dentistry, New York University, New York, NY10010
- New York University Pain Research Center, New York, NY10010
| | - Aida Calderon-Rivera
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, College of Dentistry, New York University, New York, NY10010
- New York University Pain Research Center, New York, NY10010
| | - Sara Hestehave
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, College of Dentistry, New York University, New York, NY10010
- New York University Pain Research Center, New York, NY10010
| | - Erick J. Rodríguez Palma
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, College of Dentistry, New York University, New York, NY10010
- New York University Pain Research Center, New York, NY10010
| | - Yuan Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ85724
| | - Paz Duran
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, College of Dentistry, New York University, New York, NY10010
- New York University Pain Research Center, New York, NY10010
| | - Santiago Loya-Lopez
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, College of Dentistry, New York University, New York, NY10010
- New York University Pain Research Center, New York, NY10010
| | - Elaine Zhu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative Care and Pain Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY10016
- Interdisciplinary Pain Research Program, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY10016
| | - Upasana Kumar
- Department of Diagnostic Sciences, Center for Orofacial Pain and Temporomandibular Disorders, Rutgers School of Dental Medicine, Newark, NJ07101
| | - Rory Shields
- Rutgers School of Graduate Studies, Newark Health Science Campus, Newark, NJ07101
| | - Eda Koseli
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology and Translational Research Initiative for Pain and Neuropathy, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA23298
| | - Bryan McKiver
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology and Translational Research Initiative for Pain and Neuropathy, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA23298
| | - Denise Giuvelis
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Center for Excellence in the Neurosciences, University of New England, Biddeford, ME04005
| | - Wanhong Zuo
- Department of Anesthesiology, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ07103
| | | | - Angie Dorame
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ85724
| | - Aude Chefdeville
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ85724
| | - Dongzhi Ran
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing400016, China
| | - Samantha Perez-Miller
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, College of Dentistry, New York University, New York, NY10010
- New York University Pain Research Center, New York, NY10010
| | - Yi Lu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing400016, China
| | - Xia Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing400016, China
| | - Handoko
- Department of Chemistry, New York University, New York, NY10003
| | | | - Marcel Patek
- Bright Rock Path Limited Liability Company, Tucson, AZ85724
| | - Aubin Moutal
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, School of Medicine, St. Louis University, St. Louis, MO63104
| | - May Khanna
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, College of Dentistry, New York University, New York, NY10010
- New York University Pain Research Center, New York, NY10010
| | - Huijuan Hu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ07103
| | - Geoffroy Laumet
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI48824
| | - Tamara King
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Center for Excellence in the Neurosciences, University of New England, Biddeford, ME04005
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative Care and Pain Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY10016
- Interdisciplinary Pain Research Program, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY10016
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology and Neuroscience Institute, School of Medicine, New York University, New York, NY10010
| | - M. Imad Damaj
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology and Translational Research Initiative for Pain and Neuropathy, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA23298
| | - Olga A. Korczeniewska
- Department of Diagnostic Sciences, Center for Orofacial Pain and Temporomandibular Disorders, Rutgers School of Dental Medicine, Newark, NJ07101
- Rutgers School of Graduate Studies, Newark Health Science Campus, Newark, NJ07101
| | - Carlos J. Camacho
- Department of Computational and Systems Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA15261
| | - Rajesh Khanna
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, College of Dentistry, New York University, New York, NY10010
- New York University Pain Research Center, New York, NY10010
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology and Neuroscience Institute, School of Medicine, New York University, New York, NY10010
- Chemical, and Biomolecular Engineering Department, Tandon School of Engineering, New York University, New York City, NY11201
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3
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Jee HJ, Zhu E, Sun M, Liu W, Zhang Q, Wang J. Anterior cingulate cortex regulates pain catastrophizing-like behaviors in rats. Mol Brain 2023; 16:71. [PMID: 37833814 PMCID: PMC10576271 DOI: 10.1186/s13041-023-01060-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Negative pain expectation including pain catastrophizing is a well-known clinical phenomenon whereby patients amplify the aversive value of a painful or oftentimes even a similar, non-painful stimulus. Mechanisms of pain catastrophizing, however, remain elusive. Here, we modeled pain catastrophizing behavior in rats, and found that rats subjected to repeated noxious pin pricks on one paw demonstrated an aversive response to similar but non-noxious mechanical stimuli delivered to the contralateral paw. Optogenetic inhibition of pyramidal neuron activity in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) during the application of repetitive noxious pin pricks eliminated this catastrophizing behavior. Time-lapse calcium (Ca2+) imaging in the ACC further revealed an increase in spontaneous neural activity after the delivery of noxious stimuli. Together these results suggest that the experience of repeated noxious stimuli may drive hyperactivity in the ACC, causing increased avoidance of subthreshold stimuli, and that reducing this hyperactivity may play a role in treating pain catastrophizing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Jung Jee
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative Care and Pain Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
- Interdisciplinary Pain Research Program, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Elaine Zhu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative Care and Pain Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Mengqi Sun
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative Care and Pain Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Weizhuo Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative Care and Pain Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Qiaosheng Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative Care and Pain Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA.
- Interdisciplinary Pain Research Program, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY, 10016, USA.
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative Care and Pain Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA.
- Interdisciplinary Pain Research Program, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY, 10016, USA.
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA.
- Neuroscience Institute, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA.
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4
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Liu Y, Li A, Bair-Marshall C, Xu H, Jee HJ, Zhu E, Sun M, Zhang Q, Lefevre A, Chen ZS, Grinevich V, Froemke RC, Wang J. Oxytocin promotes prefrontal population activity via the PVN-PFC pathway to regulate pain. Neuron 2023; 111:1795-1811.e7. [PMID: 37023755 PMCID: PMC10272109 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2023.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
Abstract
Neurons in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) can provide top-down regulation of sensory-affective experiences such as pain. Bottom-up modulation of sensory coding in the PFC, however, remains poorly understood. Here, we examined how oxytocin (OT) signaling from the hypothalamus regulates nociceptive coding in the PFC. In vivo time-lapse endoscopic calcium imaging in freely behaving rats showed that OT selectively enhanced population activity in the prelimbic PFC in response to nociceptive inputs. This population response resulted from the reduction of evoked GABAergic inhibition and manifested as elevated functional connectivity involving pain-responsive neurons. Direct inputs from OT-releasing neurons in the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) of the hypothalamus are crucial to maintaining this prefrontal nociceptive response. Activation of the prelimbic PFC by OT or direct optogenetic stimulation of oxytocinergic PVN projections reduced acute and chronic pain. These results suggest that oxytocinergic signaling in the PVN-PFC circuit constitutes a key mechanism to regulate cortical sensory processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaling Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative Care and Pain Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Anna Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative Care and Pain Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA; Interdisciplinary Pain Research Program, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Chloe Bair-Marshall
- Skirball Institute for Biomolecular Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA; Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA; Neuroscience Institute, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA; Department of Otolaryngology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Helen Xu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative Care and Pain Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA; Interdisciplinary Pain Research Program, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Hyun Jung Jee
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative Care and Pain Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA; Interdisciplinary Pain Research Program, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Elaine Zhu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative Care and Pain Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA; Interdisciplinary Pain Research Program, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mengqi Sun
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative Care and Pain Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Qiaosheng Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative Care and Pain Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA; Interdisciplinary Pain Research Program, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Arthur Lefevre
- Department of Neuropeptide Research in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Zhe Sage Chen
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA; Neuroscience Institute, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA; Department of Psychiatry, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Valery Grinevich
- Department of Neuropeptide Research in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Robert C Froemke
- Skirball Institute for Biomolecular Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA; Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA; Neuroscience Institute, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA; Department of Otolaryngology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative Care and Pain Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA; Interdisciplinary Pain Research Program, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY, USA; Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA; Neuroscience Institute, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
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5
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Teng S, Zhen F, McRae BR, Zhu E, Frankel WN, Peng Y. Sensory regulation of absence seizures in a mouse model of Gnb1 encephalopathy. iScience 2022; 25:105488. [PMID: 36405774 PMCID: PMC9667301 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.105488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Absence seizures, manifested by spike-wave discharges (SWD) in the electroencephalogram, display synchronous reciprocal excitation between the neocortex and thalamus. Recent studies have revealed that inhibitory neurons in the reticular thalamic (RT) nucleus and excitatory thalamocortical (TC) neurons are two subcortical players in generating SWD. However, the signals that drive SWD-related activity remain elusive. Here, we show that SWD predominately occurs during wakefulness in several mouse models of absence epilepsy. In more focused studies of Gnb1 mutant mice, we found that sensory input regulates SWD. Using in vivo recording, we demonstrate that TC cells are activated prior to the onset of SWD and then inhibited during SWD. On the contrary, RT cells are slightly inhibited prior to SWD, but are strongly activated during SWD. Furthermore, chemogenetic activation of TC cells leads to the enhancement of SWD. Together, our results indicate that sensory input can regulate SWD by activating the thalamocortical pathway. Brain states strongly regulate the occurrence of SWD Sensory input during wakefulness increases SWD in Gnb1 mice RT cells are activated, and TC cells are inhibited during SWD in Gnb1 mice Chemogenetic activation of TC cells enhances SWD in Gnb1 mice
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Affiliation(s)
- Sasa Teng
- Institute for Genomic Medicine, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Fenghua Zhen
- Institute for Genomic Medicine, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Briana R. McRae
- Department of Neuroscience, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Elaine Zhu
- Columbia College, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Wayne N. Frankel
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Department of Genetics and Development, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Yueqing Peng
- Institute for Genomic Medicine, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Corresponding author
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Qian H, Yu H, Li P, Zhu E, Yao Q, Tai C, Deng Z, Gerdes K, He X, Gan J, Ou HY. Toxin-antitoxin operon kacAT of Klebsiella pneumoniae is regulated by conditional cooperativity via a W-shaped KacA-KacT complex. Nucleic Acids Res 2019; 47:7690-7702. [PMID: 31260525 PMCID: PMC6698736 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkz563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2019] [Revised: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial toxin–antitoxin pairs play important roles in bacterial multidrug tolerance. Gcn5-related N-acetyltransferase (GNAT) toxins inhibit translation by acetylation of aminoacyl-tRNAs and are counteracted by direct contacts with cognate ribbon–helix–helix (RHH) antitoxins. Our previous analysis showed that the GNAT toxin KacT and RHH antitoxin KacA of Klebsiella pneumoniae form a heterohexamer in solution and that the complex interacts with the cognate promoter DNA, resulting in negative autoregulation of kacAT transcription. Here, we present the crystal structure of DNA-bound KacAT complex at 2.2 Å resolution. The crystal structure revealed the formation of a unique heterohexamer, KacT–KacA2–KacA2–KacT. The direct interaction of KacA and KacT involves a unique W-shaped structure with the two KacT molecules at opposite ends. Inhibition of KacT is achieved by the binding of four KacA proteins that preclude the formation of an active KacT dimer. The kacAT operon is auto-regulated and we present an experimentally supported molecular model proposing that the KacT:KacA ratio controls kacAT transcription by conditional cooperativity. These results yield a profound understanding of how transcription GNAT–RHH pairs are regulated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongliang Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Laboratory on Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Hao Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Laboratory on Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Peifei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Laboratory on Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - E Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Laboratory on Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Qingqing Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Cui Tai
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Laboratory on Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Zixin Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Laboratory on Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Kenn Gerdes
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Ole Maaløes Vej 5, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Xinyi He
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Laboratory on Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Jianhua Gan
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Hong-Yu Ou
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Laboratory on Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China
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7
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Drilon A, Oxnard G, Wirth L, Besse B, Gautschi O, Tan S, Loong H, Bauer T, Kim Y, Horiike A, Park K, Shah M, McCoach C, Bazhenova L, Seto T, Brose M, Pennell N, Weiss J, Matos I, Peled N, Cho B, Ohe Y, Reckamp K, Boni V, Satouchi M, Falchook G, Akerley W, Daga H, Sakamoto T, Patel J, Lakhani N, Barlesi F, Burkard M, Zhu V, Moreno Garcia V, Medioni J, Matrana M, Rolfo C, Lee D, Nechushtan H, Johnson M, Velcheti V, Nishio M, Toyozawa R, Ohashi K, Song L, Han J, Spira A, De Braud F, Staal Rohrberg K, Takeuchi S, Sakakibara J, Waqar S, Kenmotsu H, Wilson F, B.Nair, Olek E, Kherani J, Ebata K, Zhu E, Nguyen M, Yang L, Huang X, Cruickshank S, Rothenberg S, Solomon B, Goto K, Subbiah V. PL02.08 Registrational Results of LIBRETTO-001: A Phase 1/2 Trial of LOXO-292 in Patients with RET Fusion-Positive Lung Cancers. J Thorac Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2019.08.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Smith M, Sandhu S, Kelly W, Scher H, Efstathiou E, Lara P, Yu E, George D, Chi K, Saad F, Summa J, Freedman J, Mason G, Zhu E, Ricci D, Simon J, Cheng S, Fizazi K. Pre-specified interim analysis of GALAHAD: A phase II study of niraparib in patients (pts) with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) and biallelic DNA-repair gene defects (DRD). Ann Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdz394.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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CHEN L, Alman K, Alnimri M, Kamiyama D, Francalacci L, Zhu E, Donnelley M, Clayton N, De Mattos A, Brown J. SAT-077 SHORT-TERM POST-TRANSPLANT OUTCOMES OF KIDNEYS FROM DONORS WITH POSITIVE BLOOD AND/OR URINE CULTURES. Kidney Int Rep 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ekir.2019.05.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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10
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Besse B, Subbiah V, Drilon A, Shah M, Wirth L, Bauer T, Velcheti V, Lakhani N, Boni V, Solomon B, Johnson M, Park K, Patel J, Cabanillas M, Sherman E, Zhu E, Gordon K, Ebata K, Tuch B, Oxnard G. Detection and clearance of RET variants in plasma cell free DNA (cfDNA) from patients (pts) treated with LOXO-292. Ann Oncol 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdy269.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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11
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Zhu E, Chen C. P1.16-19 Neither Maximum Tumor Size nor Solid Component Size Was the Best Prognosticator for Subsolid Nodule. J Thorac Oncol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2018.08.988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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12
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Pan Y, Zhu E, Gao X, Nauen R, Xi J, Peng T, Wei X, Zheng C, Shang Q. Novel mutations and expression changes of acetyl-coenzyme A carboxylase are associated with spirotetramat resistance in Aphis gossypii Glover. Insect Mol Biol 2017; 26:383-391. [PMID: 28370744 DOI: 10.1111/imb.12300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Acetyl-coenzyme A carboxylase (ACC) catalyses the carboxylation of acetyl-coenzyme A (acetyl-CoA) to produce malonyl-CoA during the de novo synthesis of fatty acids. Spirotetramat, an inhibitor of ACC, is widely used to control a range of sucking insects, including the Aphis gossypii. In the present study, Reverse transcription quantitative real-time PCR (RT-qPCR) results demonstrated that ACC was significantly overexpressed in a laboratory-selected spirotetramat-resistant strain compared with the susceptible strain. ACC RNA interference significantly suppressed fecundity and led to cuticle formation deficiencies in resistant adults and nymphs compared with the control. The full-length ACC gene was sequenced from both resistant and susceptible cotton aphids, and a strong association was found between spirotetramat resistance and 14 amino acid substitutions in the biotin carboxylase domain and carboxyl transferase domain of the ACC gene. Furthermore, ACC activity was higher in resistant aphids than in the susceptible strain, and ACC in the resistant aphids exhibited significant insensitivity to spirotetramat and spirotetramat-enol. The results indicate that the overexpressed insensitive (mutated) ACC target played an important role in the high levels of spirotetramat resistance observed here. This association of amino acid substitution with resistance is the first report of a potential target site mechanism affecting spirotetramat in the cotton aphid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Pan
- College of Plant Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - E Zhu
- College of Plant Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - X Gao
- Department of Entomology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - R Nauen
- Bayer CropScience AG, R&D Pest Control Biology, Monheim, Germany
| | - J Xi
- College of Plant Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - T Peng
- College of Plant Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - X Wei
- College of Plant Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - C Zheng
- College of Plant Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Q Shang
- College of Plant Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China
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Peng T, Pan Y, Yang C, Gao X, Xi J, Wu Y, Huang X, Zhu E, Xin X, Zhan C, Shang Q. Over-expression of CYP6A2 is associated with spirotetramat resistance and cross-resistance in the resistant strain of Aphis gossypii Glover. Pestic Biochem Physiol 2016; 126:64-69. [PMID: 26778436 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2015.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2015] [Revised: 07/21/2015] [Accepted: 07/23/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
A laboratory-selected spirotetramat-resistant strain (SR) of cotton aphid developed 579-fold and 15-fold resistance to spirotetramat in adult aphids and 3rd instar nymphs, respectively, compared with a susceptible strain (SS) [26]. The SR strain developed high-level cross-resistance to alpha-cypermethrin and bifenthrin and very low or no cross-resistance to the other tested insecticides. Synergist piperonyl butoxide (PBO) dramatically increased the toxicity of spirotetramat and alpha-cypermethrin in the resistant strain. RT-qPCR results demonstrated that the transcriptional levels of CYP6A2 increased significantly in the SR strain compared with the SS strain, which was consistent with the transcriptome results [30]. The depletion of CYP6A2 transcripts by RNAi also significantly increased the sensitivity of the resistant aphid to spirotetramat and alpha-cypermethrin. These results indicate the possible involvement of CYP6A2 in spirotetramat resistance and alpha-cypermethrin cross-resistance in the cotton aphid. These together with other cross-resistance results have implications for the successful implementation of resistance management strategies for Aphis gossypii.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianfei Peng
- College of Plant Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, PR China
| | - Yiou Pan
- College of Plant Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, PR China
| | - Chen Yang
- College of Plant Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, PR China
| | - Xiwu Gao
- Department of Entomology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Jinghui Xi
- College of Plant Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, PR China
| | - Yongqiang Wu
- College of Plant Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, PR China
| | - Xiao Huang
- College of Plant Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, PR China
| | - E Zhu
- College of Plant Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, PR China
| | - Xuecheng Xin
- College of Plant Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, PR China
| | - Chao Zhan
- College of Plant Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, PR China
| | - Qingli Shang
- College of Plant Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, PR China.
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14
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Pan Y, Yang C, Gao X, Peng T, Bi R, Xi J, Xin X, Zhu E, Wu Y, Shang Q. Spirotetramat resistance adaption analysis of Aphis gossypii Glover by transcriptomic survey. Pestic Biochem Physiol 2015; 124:73-80. [PMID: 26453233 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2015.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2015] [Revised: 04/17/2015] [Accepted: 04/17/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
A resistant strain of the cotton aphid (SR) developed 441.26-fold and 11.97-fold resistance to spirotetramat for adult aphids and nymphs, respectively, compared with the susceptible (SS) strain. Solexa sequencing technology was employed to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the spirotetramat-resistant cotton aphid. Respective totals of 22,430,522 and 21,317,732 clean reads were obtained from SR and SS cDNA libraries and assembled into 35,222 non-redundant (Nr) consensus sequences. A total of 14,913, 9,220, 7,922, 4,314 and 4,686 sequences were annotated using Nr, Swiss-Prot, Gene Ontology (GO), Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) and Clusters of Orthologous Groups (COG), respectively. Compared with the SS strain, the SR strain had 1287 significantly changed unigenes, of which 130 genes were up-regulated and 1157 genes were down-regulated (P ≤ 0.001). Among these genes, 440 unigenes were annotated, consisting of 114 up-regulated and 326 down-regulated genes. The expression levels of heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) and UDP-glucuronosyltransferase were significantly up-regulated in the SR strain compared to the SS strain. The genes encoding cuticle proteins, salivary glue protein, fibroin heavy chain, energy ATP synthase, and cytochrome c oxidase were dramatically decreased. Among the DEGs, cytochrome P450 6A2 (c20965.graph_c0) was the only P450 gene up-regulated in the SR strain. The expression levels of 10 DEGs were confirmed by real-time qPCR, and the trends in gene expression observed by qPCR matched those of the Solexa expression profiles. The acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) genes in the SR and SS libraries both contain four single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), with three common SNPs: 1227 (C/T), 1811 (A/T: F/Y) and 3759 (C/T); however, 7540 (A/T) and 108 (G/A) occurred solely in the SS and SR strains, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiou Pan
- College of Plant Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Chen Yang
- College of Plant Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Xiwu Gao
- Department of Entomology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Tianfei Peng
- College of Plant Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Rui Bi
- Department of Entomology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Jinghui Xi
- College of Plant Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Xuecheng Xin
- College of Plant Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - E Zhu
- College of Plant Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Yongqiang Wu
- College of Plant Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Qingli Shang
- College of Plant Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China.
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15
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Ilo D, Raluy-Callado M, Graham-Clarke P, Sadasivan R, Birt J, Donaldson R, Zhu E, Kirby MG, Neasham D. Patient characteristics and treatment patterns for patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia, erectile dysfunction or co-occurring benign prostatic hyperplasia and erectile dysfunction in general practices in the UK: a retrospective observational study. Int J Clin Pract 2015; 69:853-62. [PMID: 26011100 DOI: 10.1111/ijcp.12657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS The aim of this study was to assess patient characteristics, medication treatment patterns and healthcare resource utilization among men with existing erectile dysfunction (ED) or benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), who are newly diagnosed with the second condition (BPH or ED) compared with those with only one condition. METHODS This retrospective cohort study utilized the Clinical Practice Research Datalink. Males, aged 40 years or older, newly diagnosed with ED or symptomatic BPH between 1 June 2010 and 31 May 2011, were selected. Patient demographics, existing comorbidities and baseline medication use were analysed. Treatments initiated for the incident condition and treatment patterns were reported at 6, 12, 18 and 24-months postdiagnosis. Referrals to urologists and visits to general practitioners were reported around diagnosis and during follow-up. RESULTS This study included 11,501 incident patients with BPH, of which 23% had a prior ED diagnosis and 9,734 incident patients with ED, of which 17% had a prior BPH diagnosis. The average age at diagnosis of BPH was similar across both cohorts. Among incident patients with ED, those with prior diagnosis of BPH were diagnosed at an older average age (65 ± 9.2 years) compared to those without BPH (57 ± 9.1 years). The majority of patients in both incident BPH cohorts (62.9-65.5%) were prescribed alpha-blockers as initial treatment. The majority of patients in both incident ED cohorts (49.6-51.6%) were prescribed sildenafil as initial treatment followed by tadalafil (24.3-26.0%). At 12 months, 50% of incident patients with BPH and 80% of patients with ED had discontinued the therapy initiated. CONCLUSION This study found that in the UK, patients with co-occurring BPH and ED when newly diagnosed with the second condition initiated the same treatments as those without prior ED or BPH. During the first year, treatment patterns including discontinuation were comparable in the groups with one of the conditions and co-occurring BPH and ED.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Ilo
- Lilly UK, Basingstoke Hampshire, UK
| | | | | | | | - J Birt
- Eli Lilly & Company, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | | | - E Zhu
- Eli Lilly & Company, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - M G Kirby
- University of Hertfordshire and the Prostate Centre, London, UK
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16
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Huang X, Zhao Z, Cao L, Chen Y, Zhu E, Lin Z, Li M, Yan A, Zettl A, Wang YM, Duan X, Mueller T, Huang Y. High-performance transition metal-doped Pt3Ni octahedra for oxygen reduction reaction. Science 2015; 348:1230-4. [DOI: 10.1126/science.aaa8765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1345] [Impact Index Per Article: 149.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2015] [Accepted: 05/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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17
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Erhardt A, Zhu E, Blondin D, Kubitz R, Knoefel WT, Mödder U, Häussinger D. [Increasing number and improved survival of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma from 1988 to 2007: data of a German university clinic]. Z Gastroenterol 2011; 49:720-7. [PMID: 21638238 DOI: 10.1055/s-0029-1246060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) ranks sixth regarding prevalence and third regarding mortality among malignant tumours worldwide. The aim of the present study was to determine changes of clinical-epidemiological parameters and survival rates during two decades. PATIENTS AND METHODS A total of 441 consecutive patients with HCC admitted to the University Clinic Düsseldorf between January 1988 and December 2007 were included. For comparison, this time period was divided into two decades (1988 - 1997 and 1998 - 2007). RESULTS The number of newly diagnosed HCCs has tripled in the years 1998 - 2007 compared to the years 1988 - 1997. HCV-associated HCCs increased from 28 % in the years 1988 - 1997 to 38 % (p < 0.05) in the years 1998 - 2007. Tumour size, Okuda and BCLC stages decreased during the observation period (both p < 0.001 and p < 0.05). Median overall survival improved during the observation period from 6 [95 % CI: 4.83 - 7.17] to 9 months ]95 % CI: 7.31 - 10.69]; p < 0.0001) as did the 1-year and 5-year survival rates from 22 % to 42 % (p < 0.019) and from 0 % to 9 % (p < 0.001), respectively. The proportion of treated patients compared to patients with best supportive care as well as the proportion of patients receiving a multimodal therapy compared to patients with a single treatment regimen increased in the second decade (55 % vs. 79 %: p < 0.005; 5.4 % vs. 23 %: p < 0.0001). Multimodal therapy was an independent predictor for prolonged survival in a multivariate analysis including Child-Pugh score, BCLC stage, tumour size, and gender (odds ratio 2,77; 95 % CI: 1.44 - 5.31). CONCLUSION Improved screening as well as broader and improved treatment options may have contributed to the increasing survival rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Erhardt
- Klinik für Gastroenterologie, Hepatologie und Infektiologie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf.
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18
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Jones MK, Padilla OR, Zhu E. Survivin is a key factor in the differential susceptibility of gastric endothelial and epithelial cells to alcohol-induced injury. J Physiol Pharmacol 2010; 61:253-264. [PMID: 20610854 PMCID: PMC2953945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2009] [Accepted: 05/25/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
We previously demonstrated that the anti-apoptosis protein, survivin, plays a protective role against alcohol-induced gastric injury. Since the endothelium is a primary target of alcohol-induced gastric damage, we investigated whether survivin expression is a key factor in the greater susceptibility of gastric endothelial vs. epithelial cells to alcohol-induced injury. Here, we demonstrate that rat gastric epithelial cells (RGM1 cells, an epithelial cell line derived from normal rat gastric mucosa) expressed 7.5-fold greater survivin protein levels vs. rat gastric endothelial cells. Survivin expression correlated with resistance of gastric epithelial vs. endothelial cells to both alcohol-induced cell damage and alcohol-induced apoptosis. Suppression of survivin protein expression levels using siRNA rendered the gastric epithelial cells as susceptible to both alcohol-induced cell damage and apoptosis as the gastric endothelial cells. Conversely, forced overexpression of survivin by transient transfection rendered gastric endothelial cells as resistant to both alcohol-induced cell damage and apoptosis as mock-transfected gastric epithelial cells. Moreover, overexpression of a threonine-34 to glutamate phosphorylation mimic mutant survivin construct rendered gastric endothelial cells significantly more resistant to alcohol-induced damage and apoptosis vs. mock-transfected gastric epithelial cells. These findings indicate that disparate survivin expression levels can explain the discrepancy between gastric epithelial and endothelial cell susceptibility to alcohol-induced injury; and, that a negative charge at amino acid residue 34 on survivin, such as that which naturally occurs by phosphorylation of threonine-34, enhances its property in conferring gastric mucosal protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- M K Jones
- Research Healthcare Group, VA Long Beach Healthcare System, Long Beach, CA, USA.
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Santner-Nanan B, Seddiki N, Zhu E, Quent V, Kelleher A, de St Groth BF, Nanan R. Accelerated age-dependent transition of human regulatory T cells to effector memory phenotype. Int Immunol 2008; 20:375-83. [DOI: 10.1093/intimm/dxm151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
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20
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Zhu E, Wang Z, Xu G, Leung H, Yeung H. HPLC/MS fingerprint analysis of tangshenosides. Zhong Yao Cai 2001; 24:488-90. [PMID: 11668739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- E Zhu
- China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210038
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21
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Lin VW, Hsiao IN, Zhu E, Perkash I. Functional magnetic stimulation for conditioning of expiratory muscles in patients with spinal cord injury. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2001; 82:162-6. [PMID: 11239305 DOI: 10.1053/apmr.2001.18230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effectiveness of functional magnetic stimulation (FMS) in conditioning expiratory muscles patients with spinal cord injury (SCI). DESIGN A prospective before-after trial. SETTING The Functional Magnetic Stimulation Laboratory of the SCI Health Care Group, VA Long Beach Health Care System, and the Spinal Cord Injury Services, Department of Veterans Affairs, Palo Alto Health Care System. PARTICIPANTS Eight men with tetraplegia. INTERVENTION Expiratory muscle training was achieved by placing a magnetic stimulator with a round magnetic coil along subjects' lower thoracic spine. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Measures taken were the maximal expired pressure at total lung capacity (MEP-TLC) and at functional residual capacity (MEP-FRC), expiratory reserve volume (ERV), and the forced expiratory flow rate at TLC (FEF-TLC) and at FRC (FEF-FRC) by subjects' voluntary maximal efforts. RESULTS After 4 weeks of conditioning, the mean +/- standard error of the mean values were: MEP-TLC, 55.3 +/- 8.6cmH(2)O; MEP-FRC, 29.6 +/- 5.6cmH(2)O; ERV,.57 +/-.08L; FEF-TLC, 4.3 +/- 0.5L/s; and FEF-FRC, 1.9 +/- 0.2L/s. These values correspond to, respectively, 129%, 137%, 162%, 109%, and 127% of pre-FMS conditioning values. When FMS was discontinued for 2 weeks, the MEP-TLC returned to its pre-FMS training value. CONCLUSION A 4-week protocol of FMS of the expiratory muscles improves voluntary expiratory muscle strength significantly, indicating that FMS can be a noninvasive therapeutic technology in respiratory muscle training for persons with tetraplegia.
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Affiliation(s)
- V W Lin
- Functional Magnetic Stimulation Laboratory, Spinal Cord Injury/Disorder, Health Care Group, VA Long Beach Health Care System, Long Beach, CA 90822, USA
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Abstract
The effect of sepsis on the ubiquitously expressed ATP-sensitive potassium (uK(ATP)-1) channel expression was measured in Sprague-Dawley rat diaphragms. Rats were treated with either 0.5 ml saline or 20 mg/Kg E. coli lipopolysaccharides and sacrificed at 3, 6, 12, 24, or 48 h later. Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis showed that channel mRNA expression was increased at 3 h and continued to rise up to 48 h. Western blotting analysis showed a approximately 9-fold increase in channel protein expression 24 h after sepsis. Our results demonstrate that sepsis upregulates the uK(ATP)-1 channel.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Czaika
- Respiratory Muscle Biology Group, Centre de Recherche du CHUM, Hôpital Notre-Dame, Université de Montréal, Québec, Canada
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Gea J, Hamid Q, Czaika G, Zhu E, Mohan-Ram V, Goldspink G, Grassino A. Expression of myosin heavy-chain isoforms in the respiratory muscles following inspiratory resistive breathing. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2000; 161:1274-8. [PMID: 10764323 DOI: 10.1164/ajrccm.161.4.99040103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated the effect of inspiratory resistive breathing (IRB) on the expression of the genes encoding fast and slow isoforms of myosin heavy chain (MyHC) in respiratory muscles. Eleven mongrel dogs were studied for baseline MyHC messenger RNA (mRNA) expression, seven of which were also used to study the effects of IRB. For this latter objective, awake and spontaneously breathing animals were subjected to 2 h of IRB (80 cm H(2)O/L/s) per day for four consecutive days. mRNA expression was assessed in the diaphragm, external intercostal muscle, and a limb muscle, using both slot- blot and in situ hybridizations with isoform-specific probes. A current semiquantitative scoring method (from 0 to 4) was used to quantify the in situ mRNA expression levels, and slot-blot data were analyzed with densitometry. Prior to IRB, slow- and fast-MyHC mRNA expression was moderate, similar, and homogeneous throughout the different regions of the diaphragm, with scores of 1.50 +/- 0.54 (mean +/- SD) for slow and 2.13 +/- 0.35 for fast mRNAs in the costal region of the diaphragm, and of 1.81 +/- 0.37 for slow and 2. 13 +/- 0.64 for fast mRNAs in the crural region of the diaphragm. Although expression of fast-MyHC mRNA remained unchanged after IRB, the relative expression of the mRNA for the slow isoform increased in costal (+30%), crural (+12%), and external intercostal (+27%) muscles. MyHC mRNA expression did not change in limb muscles. We conclude that breathing with a moderate inspiratory resistance for a short period induces the expression of slow MyHC in respiratory muscles.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Gea
- Centre de Recherche du CHUM, Université de Montréal and Meakins-Christie Laboratories, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada.
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Zhang Y, Zhuang Z, Wang X, Zhu E, Liu J. [Software development of multi-element transient signal acquisition and processing with multi-channel ICP-AES]. Guang Pu Xue Yu Guang Pu Fen Xi 2000; 20:55-57. [PMID: 12953449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
A software for multi-channel ICP-AES multi-element transient signal acquisition and processing were developed in this paper. It has been successfully applied to signal acquisition and processing in many transient introduction techniques on-line hyphenated with multi-channel ICP-AES.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Research Lab of SEDC of Analytical Science for Material and Life Chemistry, Xiamen University, 361005 Xiamen
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25
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Abstract
We hypothesized that the amount of sarcolemmal injury is directly related to the total tension time (TT(tot)), calculated as mean tension x total stimulation time. Diaphragm strips from Sprague-Dawley rats were superfused at optimal muscle length with Krebs containing procion orange to identify sarcolemmal injury. TT(tot) was induced by stimulation with 100 Hz for 3 min at duty cycles of 0.02, 0.15, 0.3, and 0.6, or with continuous contractions at 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, and 1.0 of maximal tension. A significant positive correlation between TT(tot) and the percentage of fibers with injured sarcolemma (r(2) = 0.63, P < 0.05) is seen. Stimulation (at 100 Hz, duty cycle = 1) resulted in fast fatigue with low injury, likely caused by altered membrane conductivity. Stimulations inducing the largest injury are those showing progressive force loss and high TT(tot), where injury may be due to activation of membrane degradative enzymes. The maximal tension measured at 20 min poststimulation was inversely related to the number of fibers injured, suggesting loss of force is caused by cellular injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Zhu
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada H2L 4M1
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26
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Dalpé G, Mathieu M, Comtois A, Zhu E, Wasiak S, De Repentigny Y, Leclerc N, Kothary R. Dystonin-deficient mice exhibit an intrinsic muscle weakness and an instability of skeletal muscle cytoarchitecture. Dev Biol 1999; 210:367-80. [PMID: 10357897 DOI: 10.1006/dbio.1999.9263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Dystonia musculorum (dt) was originally described as a hereditary sensory neurodegeneration syndrome of the mouse. The gene defective in dt encodes a cytoskeletal linker protein, dystonin, that is essential for maintaining neuronal cytoskeletal integrity. In addition to the nervous system, dystonin is expressed in a variety of other tissues, including muscle. We now show that dystonin cross-links actin and desmin filaments and that its levels are increased during myogenesis, coinciding with the progressive reorganization of the intermediate filament network. A disorganization of cytoarchitecture in skeletal muscle from dt/dt mice was observed in ultrastructural studies. Myoblasts from dt/dt mice fused to form myotubes in culture; however, terminally differentiated myotubes contained incompletely assembled myofibrils. Another feature observed in dt/dt myotubes in culture and in skeletal muscle in situ was an accumulation and abnormal distribution of mitochondria. The diaphragm muscle from dt/dt mice was weak in isometric contractility measurements in vitro and was susceptible to contraction-induced sarcolemmal damage. Altogether, our data indicate that dystonin is a cross-linker of actin and desmin filaments in muscle and that it is essential for establishing and maintaining proper cytoarchitecture in mature muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Dalpé
- Centre for Molecular Medicine, Ottawa General Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, K1H 8L6, Canada
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El Dwairi Q, Guo Y, Comtois A, Zhu E, Greenwood MT, Bredt DS, Hussain SN. Ontogenesis of nitric oxide synthases in the ventilatory muscles. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 1998; 18:844-52. [PMID: 9618389 DOI: 10.1165/ajrcmb.18.6.3109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) acts as an endogenous mediator in mature skeletal muscle. In this study, we investigated the regulation of the endothelial (eNOS) and neuronal (nNOS) isoforms of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) in skeletal-muscle development (rat diaphragm). Muscle NOS activity, nNOS and eNOS protein, and mRNA expressions were markedly increased during the late gestational and early postnatal periods. Expression of both isoforms, however, declined progressively thereafter. Similarly, argininosuccinate lyase and argininosuccinate synthetase, both involved in the recycling of L-citrulline to L-arginine, were expressed at high levels in rat embryonic and neonatal diaphragms, with gradual reduction in their expression during late postnatal development. Immunostaining revealed extensive nNOS expression at the sarcolemma in neonatal and mature diaphragms, whereas eNOS expression was limited to the endothelium. Both neonatal and adult diaphragms expressed an alternatively spliced nNOS isoform with an insert of 34 amino acids between exons 16 and 17. In vitro-generated muscle force rose significantly after NOS inhibition in both neonatal and adult diaphragms, but the magnitude of force augmentation was larger in adult than in neonatal diaphragm. These results indicate that constitutive NOS isoforms are developmentally regulated in skeletal muscles, suggesting multiple roles for NO in developing and mature skeletal-muscle fibers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Q El Dwairi
- Critical and Respiratory Divisions, Royal Victoria Hospital and Meakins-Christie Laboratories, McGill University,Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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28
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Abstract
Five awake previously tracheotomized mongrel dogs were challenged with inspiratory resistive breathing (IRB). The mean peak tracheal pressure = -35.4 +/- 1.1 cmH2O, ETCO2 = 39.8 +/- 1.5 mmHg was sustained for 2 h/d over 4 consecutive d. On the fourth day, following IRB, the dogs were placed under general anaesthesia, and the diaphragm was perfused via the internal mammary artery with a low molecular weight fluorescent tracer (Procion orange, FW = 631), to which normal muscle fibers are impermeable. Muscle fiber membrane damage was identified on tissue sections by using fluorescent microscopy showing the presence of the tracer in the cytoplasm. Four dogs undergoing the same protocol (except IRB) served as control. The dye was seen in 7.6 +/- 2.6% and in 0.3 +/- 0.1% of fibers in the IRB and control groups, respectively (p < 0.05). Via ATPase staining, it was found that fibers of type I were predominantly affected as compared to type II (p < 0.05). In addition, an increased area fraction of fibers demonstrating sarcomere disruption was found after IRB (2.4 +/- 0.5%) compared to pre-IRB (0.4 +/- 0.1%; p < 0.05). We conclude that resistive breathing of a magnitude similar to that seen in some respiratory diseases, or used in respiratory muscle training programs induces muscle membrane and sarcomere injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Zhu
- Hôpital Notre-Dame, University de Montréal, Québec, Canada
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29
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Wang X, Zhuang Z, Zhu E, Yang C, Wan T, Yu L. Multielement ICP-AES Analysis of Hair Samples and a Chemometrics Study for Cancer Diagnosis. Microchem J 1995. [DOI: 10.1006/mchj.1995.1004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Abstract
The possibility of the dental lamina as a source of odontogenic cyst was investigated. The mandibular first molar tooth germs with the dental lamina and surface oral epithelium were cut from 17.5-day-old C3H mouse embryos. The following 5 kinds of grafts were prepared: (I) recombinant of the dental lamina and dental papilla, (II) dental lamina, (III) dental papilla, (IV) recombinant of the oral epithelium and dental papilla and (V) oral epithelium. After the renal subcapsular transplantation to the 3-month-old syngenic male mice, each graft was harvested at timed sequences from 2 to 24 weeks and was examined histopathologically. The recombinant of the dental lamina and dental papilla (1) grew into a cyst lined by para-keratinized stratified squamous epithelium. The cyst enlarged gradually and might be compared to the odontogenic keratocyst of the human being. The recombinant of the oral epithelium and dental papilla (IV) and the oral epithelium (V) developed into a cyst lined by orthokeratinized stratified squamous epithelium which differed from the epithelium seen in Experiment (I). The dental papilla (III) grew to be a bone tissue while nothing developed from the dental lamina (II). These results suggest that the dental lamina is one of the sources of the odontogenic keratocyst and the dental papilla plays an important role in its histogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Zhu
- Department of Oral Pathology, Faculty of Dentistry, Tokyo Medical and Dental University
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Oleske J, Gigli E, Ruiz J, Zhu E, Minnefor A, dela Cruz T, Cooper R. Familial C3b/C4b inactivator defect in two siblings with recurrent bacterial infections. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1982. [DOI: 10.1016/s0091-6749(62)80443-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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