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Paschall MJ, Miller TR, Grube JW, Fisher DA, Ringwalt CL, Kaner E, Lilliott E, Watson S, Gordon M. Compliance with a law to reduce alcoholic beverage sales and service in Zacatecas, Mexico. Int J Drug Policy 2021; 97:103352. [PMID: 34252789 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugpo.2021.103352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Research on the effects of restricting bar opening hours and alcohol sales in middle-income countries is very limited. We assessed compliance with and possible effects of a law enacted in Zacatecas, Mexico on December 30, 2017 and implemented in 2018 and 2019 that established a 2 AM bar closing time and 10 PM cut-off for alcohol sales by off-premises stores. METHODS Monthly observations of bars and off-premises stores and alcohol mystery shopping visits from 2018 to early 2020 were conducted to assess compliance with the law. Breath tests were conducted in 2018 and 2019 with samples of pedestrians in the nighttime entertainment districts of Zacatecas and a comparison city (Aguascalientes). Surveys of bar owners/managers and staff, emergency medical personnel (EMP), and police officers were conducted in Zacatecas in 2018 and 2019 to assess awareness and support of the law and possible effects of the law on alcohol-related problems such as violence and injuries. RESULTS Monthly observations indicated that a substantial percentage of bars and off-premises package stores did not comply with the law. Pedestrian breath tests in 2018 and 2019 indicated significant reductions in blood alcohol concentration and heavy drinking among pedestrians in Zacatecas from 11 PM to 2 AM compared to Aguascalientes, but not after 2 AM. Surveys of bar owners/managers indicated that most were aware and supportive of the law. EMP surveys indicated reductions in incidents of physical fighting and drunk or injured customers during the annual September fair in Zacatecas. CONCLUSIONS This study suggests that restricting bar opening hours and alcohol sales may not result in full compliance by bars and off-premises stores, but may help to reduce excessive alcohol use and related harms in a middle-income country. A more rigorous evaluation with pre-intervention data is needed, however, to fully address this latter question.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mallie J Paschall
- HBSA, Pacific Institute for Research and Evaluation, 2150 Shattuck Ave., Suite 601, Berkeley, CA 94704, United States.
| | - Ted R Miller
- HBSA, Pacific Institute for Research and Evaluation, 11720 Beltsville Drive, Suite 900, Calverton, Maryland 20705, United States; Curtin University School of Public Health, Nedlands, Australia
| | - Joel W Grube
- HBSA, Pacific Institute for Research and Evaluation, 2150 Shattuck Ave., Suite 601, Berkeley, CA 94704, United States
| | - Deborah A Fisher
- HBSA, Pacific Institute for Research and Evaluation, 11720 Beltsville Drive, Suite 900, Calverton, Maryland 20705, United States
| | - Christopher L Ringwalt
- HBSA, Pacific Institute for Research and Evaluation, 101 Conner Drive, Suite 200, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27514, United States
| | - Emily Kaner
- HBSA, Pacific Institute for Research and Evaluation, 2150 Shattuck Ave., Suite 601, Berkeley, CA 94704, United States
| | - Elizabeth Lilliott
- HBSA, Pacific Institute for Research and Evaluation, 851 University Blvd SE #101, Albuquerque, NM 87106, Mexico
| | - Sonia Watson
- HBSA, Pacific Institute for Research and Evaluation, 11720 Beltsville Drive, Suite 900, Calverton, Maryland 20705, United States
| | - Mary Gordon
- HBSA, Pacific Institute for Research and Evaluation, 11720 Beltsville Drive, Suite 900, Calverton, Maryland 20705, United States
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Quintero GA, Lilliott E, Willging C. Substance abuse treatment provider views of "culture": implications for behavioral health care in rural settings. Qual Health Res 2007; 17:1256-1267. [PMID: 17968042 DOI: 10.1177/1049732307307757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Mandates for culturally competent substance abuse and mental health services call for behavioral health providers to recognize and engage cultural issues. These efforts to incorporate culture typically focus on client culture, but provider views of culture can also influence the provision of services. Analysis of 42 semistructured interviews with behavioral health providers suggests that culture is considered by many to be an obstacle to help seeking and treatment of substance-abusing youth. Although some providers do not highlight cultural issues, others conceptualize culture in terms of (a) generalized Hispanic cultural attributes, (b) male-dominant gender roles, and (c) the culture of poverty. Recommendations for provider training on cultural issues focus on ways they might critically consider their ideas about culture.
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