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Kitamura K, Colli E, Azuma R, Kikuyama R, Kanai M. A phase I/II study evaluating the pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and safety of drospirenone as an oral contraceptive in Japanese women. J Obstet Gynaecol Res 2024; 50:682-690. [PMID: 38262424 DOI: 10.1111/jog.15881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
AIM Drospirenone (DRSP) is a synthetic progestogen approved as a progestin-only pill for contraception in both the United States and Europe. Herein, we conducted a phase I/II study to evaluate the pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and safety of DRSP in Japanese women. METHODS Single and multiple doses of 4 mg of DRSP were orally administered to healthy premenopausal Japanese women. In the multiple-dose period, 4 mg of DRSP was administered once daily for 24 days. Pharmacokinetics, hormone levels, and adverse events (AEs) were investigated. RESULTS Twelve Japanese women participated in this study. The single- and multiple-dose pharmacokinetics of DRSP was similar to that reported in previous studies in Caucasians. In the multiple-dose period, no subject displayed a progesterone level of more than 5.03 ng/mL. AEs were observed in 11 (91.7%) subjects. The most common AE was genital hemorrhage, which was observed in six (50.0%) subjects, followed by diarrhea and acne in four (33.3%) subjects each. All AEs resolved or improved at the end of the study, and complete recovery was confirmed in all subjects at follow-up. CONCLUSIONS The pharmacokinetics of DRSP in Japanese women was similar to that of previous studies performed in Caucasian women. Repeated administration of DRSP maintained low plasma progesterone levels indicating effective inhibition of ovulation. No notable safety concerns were observed. In this phase I/II study, DRSP had no obvious pharmacokinetic, pharmacodynamic, or safety issues to consider in Japanese women.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Enrico Colli
- Research and Development Department, Exeltis, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rieko Azuma
- Development Division, ASKA Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryoko Kikuyama
- Development Division, ASKA Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masayuki Kanai
- Development Division, ASKA Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan
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Creinin MD, Angulo A, Colli E, Archer DF. The efficacy, safety, and tolerability of an estrogen-free oral contraceptive drospirenone 4 mg (24/4-day regimen) in obese users. Contraception 2023; 128:110136. [PMID: 37544572 DOI: 10.1016/j.contraception.2023.110136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to compare contraceptive efficacy and safety of drospirenone 4 mg in a 24/4-day regimen in nonobese and obese users and describe pharmacokinetics according to bodyweight. STUDY DESIGN We analyzed data from three drospirenone 4 mg trials (2 European and 1 United States) to report outcomes in nonobese (body mass index <30 kg/m2) and obese (body mass index ≥30 kg/m2) users. We used data from the US trial to calculate the Pearl Index (pregnancies per 100 woman-years) in nonbreastfeeding participants aged ≤35 years at enrollment for confirmed pregnancies. We assessed safety outcomes from all trials based on reported treatment-emergent adverse events. We evaluated pharmacokinetics by bodyweight in the US trial. RESULTS The three trials combined comprised 2152 nonobese and 425 obese participants, including 590 nonobese and 325 obese participants in the US trial. Eight nonobese and four obese participants had confirmed pregnancies in the US trial, resulting in Pearl Indices of 3.0 (95% CI: 1.3-5.8) and 2.9 (95% CI: 0.8-7.3), respectively. Two-hundred forty-four (11.3%) nonobese and 39 (9.2%) obese participants discontinued due to a treatment-emergent adverse event. The pharmacokinetic analysis included 814 participants with a median weight of 73 (interquartile range 61-89) kg and median plasma drospirenone exposure (AUC0-24ss) of 661.3 (interquartile range 522-828) ng∙h/mL. Changing bodyweight from the median to the fifth percentile (51 kg) or 95th percentile (118 kg) changed drospirenone exposure (AUC0-24,ss) by 22.2% and -23.6%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Drospirenone 4 mg demonstrated similar contraceptive efficacy for both nonobese and obese users despite a difference in exposure based on bodyweight. IMPLICATIONS Our limited comparison between obese and nonobese users of drospirenone-only oral contraception demonstrated no evidence that efficacy or discontinuation for adverse events differs between groups. Serum drospirenone levels vary by bodyweight and may correlate with bleeding outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitchell D Creinin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, United States
| | | | | | - David F Archer
- Clinical Research Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA, United States
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Herranz-Blanco B, Daoud E, Viganò P, García-Velasco JA, Colli E. Development and Validation of an Endometriosis Diagnostic Method Based on Serum Biomarkers and Clinical Variables. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1052. [PMID: 37509088 PMCID: PMC10377646 DOI: 10.3390/biom13071052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Endometriosis affects more than 10% of women of reproductive age, significantly impacting their quality of life. Diagnosis typically takes 4 to 11 years from symptom onset. The gold standard for diagnosing this disease, laparoscopy, is invasive, contributing to this delay in diagnosis. Two studies were conducted to develop a diagnostic test based on the combination of serum biomarkers and clinical variables. Study 1, the development study, aimed to: (i) confirm the ability of CA125, BDNF and clinical variables to differentiate between cases and controls, and (ii) develop a diagnostic algorithm based on these results. Study 2 validated the clinical performance of the developed in vitro diagnostic (IVD) test in diagnosing endometriosis. Serum samples and clinical variables extracted from psychometric questionnaires were obtained from the Oxford Endometriosis CaRe Centre biobank (UK). Case/control classification was performed based on laparoscopy and histological verification of the excised lesions. Studies 1 and 2 included n = 204 and n = 79 patients, respectively. Study 1 found a statistically significant difference between cases and controls for levels of both biomarkers. Of the assessed clinical variables from the patients' medical histories, six were found to be significantly different between endometriosis cases and controls. CA125, BDNF and these six clinical variables were combined into a multivariable prediction model. In Study 2, the IVD test demonstrated sensitivity and specificity values of 46.2% (25.5-66.8%) and 100% (86.7-100%), respectively. Due to its high specificity, this IVD test is a simple and accurate rule-in test for early disease identification, even in the presence of non-specific symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Paola Viganò
- Infertility Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milano, Italy
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Palacios S, Colli E, de Diego MV, Regidor PA. 10-month retrospective study on compliance and tolerability of the drospirenone-only pill. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 2023; 27:2987-2993. [PMID: 37070900 DOI: 10.26355/eurrev_202304_31931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/19/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The current study evaluated menstrual bleeding profiles, compliance and tolerability in women using a drospirenone (DRSP)-only pill. PATIENTS AND METHODS This is a non-interventional, retrospective, multi-center study on healthy female adults [n=276, aged between 18 and 53 years and premenopausal using a DRSP-only pill for at least six months with a mean duration of 10.4 months (+/-SD 4.0) months]. 75.6% used other contraceptives than POP before starting with the DRSP-only pill. A questionnaire was used to evaluate the bleeding profile. 56.5% of the women had associated cardiovascular risk factors. RESULTS Two hundred and sixty-two (262) women (mean age of 32.5 ± 9.1 years; mean BMI of 23.1 ± 3.8 kg/m²) were eligible for analysis. 42.6% of the users had a scheduled bleeding, 33,3% unscheduled bleeding and 48% no bleeding during the last evaluable cycle. 75.4% evaluated the bleeding profile in the last cycle as very good or good, 13.8% said there was no change since starting the medication, 8.4% declared the profile was bad and 2.3% as very bad. 87.8% of the users evaluated the general satisfaction of the contraception as very good or good, whereas only 8.8% and 3.4% said there was no change or that it was bad. No women evaluated the general satisfaction as very bad. CONCLUSIONS These data demonstrate that the DRSP-only pill is associated with a very high satisfaction as a contraceptive in general and in the individual bleeding profile. These aspects reaffirm the acceptability not only in women with cardiovascular risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Palacios
- Instituto Palacios, Salud y Medicina de la Mujer, Madrid, Spain.
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Kubba A, Gemzell-Danielsson K, Palacios S, Wiegratz I, Grandi G, Colli E, Regidor PA. The drospirenone (DRSP)-only pill: clinical implications in the daily use. EUR J CONTRACEP REPR 2023; 28:36-43. [PMID: 36724207 DOI: 10.1080/13625187.2022.2164186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Progestins used in contraception are either components of combined hormonal contraceptives or are used as a single active ingredient. Progestins are highly effective in long-term contraception and have a very good safety profile with very few contraindications. METHODS An oestrogen-free ovulation inhibitor POP has been authorised in the USA and the EU. It contains 4 mg of drospirenone (DRSP). The hormone administration regimen of 24 days followed by a 4-day hormone-free period was chosen to improve bleeding control and to maintain oestradiol concentrations at early follicular- phase levels, preventing oestrogen deficiency. RESULTS Clinical trials have demonstrated high contraceptive effectiveness, a very low risk of cardiovascular risk events and a favourable bleeding pattern. Due to the long half-life of DRSP (30-34 h), the effectiveness is maintained even in case of a forgotten pill on a single occasion. Studies involving deliberate 4 days in one cycle 24-hour delays in taking a pill have demonstrated that ovulation inhibition is maintained if a single pill is missed. CONCLUSIONS This review article will describe the clinical impact in the daily use of the 4 mg DRSP only pill and the resulting data on the effectiveness and safety of this hormonal contraceptive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Kubba
- Gynaecology, Guy's Hospital, London, UK
| | - Kristina Gemzell-Danielsson
- Department of Women´s and Children´s Health, Karolinska Institutet and WHO-centre, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Inka Wiegratz
- Frankfurt Hormone and Fertility Center & Goethe University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Giovanni Grandi
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Mother, Child and Adult, Obstetrics and Gynecology Unit, university of Modena and Reggio Emilia; Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Policlinico, Modena, Italy
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Regidor PA, Colli E. The progestin-only pills drospirenone 4 mg and desogestrel 0.075 mg as an option for the management of dysmenorrhea and mastodynia. Gynecol Endocrinol 2022; 38:978-982. [PMID: 36265507 DOI: 10.1080/09513590.2022.2134339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Dysmenorrhea and mastodynia are the most common gynecologic pain causes in women of all ages and races during their reproductive life. The following study aimed to show the influence of two POP´s in the development of dysmenorrhea and mastodynia after nine months of use. MATERIAL AND METHODS A total of 858 women with 6691 drospirenone (DRSP) cycles and 332 women with 2487 desogestrel (DSG) cycles were analyzed. Women included in this study were all child-bearing potentials, at risk of pregnancy, agreeing to use only the study medication for contraception for the duration of the study medication treatment, aged 18 to 45. RESULTS At screening, 168 (19.6%) of the 858 patients using DRSP and 64 (19,3%) of the DSG patients reported that they had suffered from dysmenorrhea within six cycles prior to the first visit before starting with the medication. 20,2% of the DRSP and 10,9% of the DSG group had a sever dysmenorrhea. After 9 cycles this was reduced to 0,6% and 3,1% respectively. In total, 96 women (11.2%) in the DRSP and 49 (14,8%) experienced mastodynia within six cycles before the screening. Of these 91.6% in the DRSP group and 91,8% in the DSG group had no or mild mastodynoa at follow-up. DISCUSSION The progestins 4 mg and desogestrel 0,075 mg showed a marked effect in the non-contraceptive aspects of dysmenorrhea and mastodynia so that new possibilities are opened for these two benign gynecological diseases. Future studies must reaffirm these first data.
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Palacios S, Algorta J, Colli E, Regidor PA, Mayr M, Roemer T. Multicenter, international observational study on quality of life and acceptability of a vaginal contraceptive ring containing etonogestrel/ethinylestradiol 11.00/3.474 mg over six months of use. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 2022; 26:7204-7211. [PMID: 36263530 DOI: 10.26355/eurrev_202210_29911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The current post-market study aimed at analyzing women's menstrual bleeding intensity, vaginal infections, and quality of life parameters using the contraceptive vaginal ring Ornibel®. PATIENTS AND METHODS In Germany and Spain, a multicenter study of healthy female adults (n=211) aged 18 to 45 used the vaginal ring Ornibel® for at least six months. Data collection was conducted using a patient questionnaire. The menstrual bleeding intensity was analyzed using visual analog scales (VAS). A Chi-square linear trend test assessed associations between quality-of-life parameters and continuation and recommendation of vaginal ring use. RESULTS Three out of four women experienced six menstrual bleedings during the first six months of using the vaginal ring, with a median duration of four days during the study. The use of the vaginal ring led to a significant reduction in menstrual flow intensity (from 60 VAS points to 40 VAS points, p<0.001). In the German cohort, it was shown that dysmenorrhea and unscheduled bleeding and spotting were reduced with the use of Ornibel® as well. Most women (93.7%) agreed or strongly agreed that the vaginal ring was easy to insert, and its use was rated as comfortable or very comfortable by 97.5%. Both parameters were significantly associated with the continuation of the ring (easy to insert p=0.01, feeling comfortable: p=0.002) or its recommendation (easy to insert p=0.002, feeling comfortable: p=0.002). CONCLUSIONS The observational data demonstrate that the contraceptive vaginal ring provides high acceptability and comfort. It is a well-accepted contraceptive method characterized by high efficacy and positive effects on cycle control.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Palacios
- Instituto Palacios, Salud y Medicina de la Mujer, Madrid, Spain.
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Regidor PA, Richter WH, Koytchev R, Kirkov V, Colli E. Evaluation of the food effect on a drospirenone only contraceptive containing 4 mg administered with and without high-fat breakfast in a randomised trial. BMC Womens Health 2022; 22:381. [PMID: 36123682 PMCID: PMC9484173 DOI: 10.1186/s12905-022-01960-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The objective of the present trial was to assess the difference in pharmacokinetics (PK) of an oral test preparation containing 4 mg drospirenone (DRSP) under fasting conditions compared to PK upon food intake after single dose administration.
Methods Open label, single centre, two-treatment, two-sequence, crossover study in 24 healthy female volunteers, with duration of 1 day per sequence and with a real wash-out period of 14 days to investigate the relative bioavailability of DRSP with both forms of administration. The 90% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated for the intra-individual ratio (test with food vs. without food) of the PK endpoints Area under the curve; 0–72 h [AUC(0-72 h)] and maximal plasma concentration [Cmax] of DRSP.
Results The 90% CI calculated by analysis of variance using logistic transformation (ANOVA-log) for the endpoint, intra-individual ratio (Test ‘A’ = with food intake) vs. Test ‘B’ = without food intake) of AUC(0-72 h) of drospirenone was between 104.72 and 111.36%. The 90% CI calculated by means of ANOVA- log for the endpoint intra-individual ratio (Test ‘A’ vs. Test ‘B’) of Cmax of DRSP was between 118.58 and 141.10%. The mean relative bioavailability of the test with food ‘A’ compared to the Test without food ‘B’ after single dose administration based on the endpoints AUC(0-72 h) was 107.99%; for the endpoint Cmax it was 129.35%. Conclusions The rate of absorption, based on the endpoint Cmax of DRSP was increased by about 30% under fed conditions. With respect to consumer habits, this may represent a relevant benefit for contraceptive safety, as the time span between food consumption and pill intake does not play a role. Implications Our results suggest that the food intake has no impact on the absorption of 4 mg DRSP in the management of contraception. This increases the contraceptive efficacy as no interference with food is expected when consuming the oral formulation under real life conditions. Trail registration: Trial registration number: EudraCT-No: 2012–004,309-28.
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Regidor PA, Palacios S, Colli E. Bleeding profile of women with cardiovascular risk factors using a drospirenone only pill with 4 mg over nine cycles compared to desogestrel 0.075 mg. Gynecol Endocrinol 2022; 38:333-338. [PMID: 35261299 DOI: 10.1080/09513590.2022.2046729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Progestin-only pills are associated with irregular bleeding patterns, including amenorrhea. Desogestrel (DSG) 75 mcg, a pill that inhibits ovulation, shows poor cycle control that may harm acceptability and compliance. A Drospirenone (DRSP)-only pill was developed with 24 & 4 days of active & placebo days every 28-day cycle to improve cycle control. STUDY DESIGN A phase III study in healthy women aged 18 to 45 years was performed to compare the bleeding profile of women taking a DRSP versus DSG over nine cycles. 249 women were older > 35 years: 173 using DRSP and 73 DSG. 259 women had a BMI > 25 kg/m2: 189 using DRSP and 70 DSG and 340 women were smokers: 237 using DRSP and 103 DSG. The amount of unscheduled bleeding/spotting days was analyzed in each of these sub-groups and compared statistically. RESULTS Age: During cycles 2-4, the mean number of unscheduled bleeding days and spotting was 8.1 (SD10.53) for DRSP and 20.1 (19.41) for DSG; p = .0089. BMI > 25 kg/m2: During cycles 2-4 the mean number of unscheduled bleeding days and spotting was 7.8 (SD 12.18) for DRSP and 17.7 for DSG (SD 19.39); p = .0001. Smokers: During cycles 2-4, the mean number of unscheduled bleeding days and spotting was 9.6 (SD 11.69) for DRSP and 17.4 for DSG (SD 17.47); p = .0016. CONCLUSIONS These analyses show the improvement in the bleeding profile of women with specific cardiovascular risk factors using the DRSP only oral contraceptive product compared to DSG.ImplicationsAn improvement in the bleeding profile of women with specific cardiovascular risk factors like age > 35 years, BMI > 25kg/m2, and smokers using the DRSP only oral contraceptive product is described.Herby a higher contraceptive efficacy in these patients that additionally benefit from estrogen-free contraceptive methods is expected.
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Regidor PA, Colli E. Drospirenone 4 mg in a 24/4 regimen maintains inhibition of ovulation even after a 24-h delay pill intake - Pharmacological aspects and comparison to other progestin-only pills. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 2022; 26:1994-1999. [PMID: 35363350 DOI: 10.26355/eurrev_202203_28348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
This review focuses on the pharmacological and inhibition of the ovulation of progestin-only, estrogen-free contraceptive containing drospirenone in a dosage of 4 mg in a regimen 24/4. The USA and European regulatory authorities have approved it. The molecule has anti-gonadotropic, anti-mineralocorticoid, anti-estrogenic, and antiandrogenic properties. This regime improves the bleeding profile, maintains the plasma E2 levels comparable to the menstrual cycle's early follicular phase, avoids hypoestrogenism, and preserves efficacy despite forgetting the tablet intake as drospirenone has a half lifetime of 30-34 hours. Clinical studies have shown good efficacy, very low cardiovascular side effects, and high acceptability and maintenance of ovulation inhibition after scheduled 24-h delays in pill intake. The molecule is compared to other POP like levonorgestrel or desogestrel.
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Affiliation(s)
- P-A Regidor
- Exeltis Healthcare, Medical Department, Munich, Germany.
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Regidor PA, Colli E, Palacios S. Overall and bleeding-related discontinuation rates of a new oral contraceptive containing 4 mg drospirenone only in a 24/4 regimen and comparison to 0.075 mg desogestrel. Gynecol Endocrinol 2021; 37:1121-1127. [PMID: 34402728 DOI: 10.1080/09513590.2021.1963432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Progestin-only pills do not increase the risk of venous thromboembolism, stroke, and myocardial infarction but are associated with poor cycle control. A novel estrogen-free pill containing only drospirenone (DRSP) to improve bleeding patterns and tolerability and reduce discontinuation rates has been introduced into the market. The present study aims to describe the improvement in the acceptability of this DRSP-only pill, e.g. regarding the bleeding profile and the reduction in discontinuation rates due to unacceptable bleeding compared to desogestrel (DSG). STUDY DESIGN Double-blind, double-dummy prospective phase III study in healthy women aged 18-45 years evaluating a total of 858 women with 6691 DRSP and 332 women with 2487 DSG treatment cycles. RESULTS Overall, 82 (9.6%) women in the DRSP group and 44 (13.3%) women in the DSG group experienced treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs) leading to premature termination of the trial meaning that 32% more women in the DRSP group finished the trial in comparison to the DSG group (based on the AUC of Kaplan-Meier's curves). Discontinuation rates due to abnormal bleeding were 3.7% for DRSP and 7.3% for DSG users. This is a 55.7% lower discontinuation rate in the DRSP group compared to the DSG group. CONCLUSIONS This report describes the improvement in acceptability and bleeding profile of women using the new DRSP-only oral contraceptive compared to DSG, providing a better quality of life and adherence to the contraceptive method as demonstrated by lower discontinuation rates of women using the estrogen-free DRSP-only pill.
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Palacios S, Colli E, Regidor PA. Metabolic and laboratory effects of a progestin-only pill containing drospirenone 4 mg in comparison to desogestrel 75 µg: a double-blind, double-dummy, prospective, randomised study. EUR J CONTRACEP REPR 2021; 26:454-461. [PMID: 34348526 DOI: 10.1080/13625187.2021.1957094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: Steroid hormones in hormonal contraceptives influence a variety of metabolic parameters. Mainly, ethinyloestradiol (EE) in combined hormonal contraceptives (CHC) is a potent inducer of hepatic coagulation factors, has an impact on cholesterol and triglyceride levels and glucose tolerance. Progestins in CHC modify the oestrogen effects in different ways, depending on their pharmacologic properties. The metabolic impact of progestin-only contraceptives is generally considered low.Methods: The influence of novel drospirenone (DRSP)-only pill (4 mg DRSP in 24/4 intake) on a variety of lipid-, carbohydrate- and bone metabolic parameters and on haemostatic variables including clotting factors and D-Dimer level was evaluated in comparison to 0.075 mg desogestrel (DSG) during a multicentric, prospective, double-blind, double-dummy clinical trial with 1190 participants over nine treatment cycles.Results: For both DRSP and DSG, there was a decrease in cholesterol (total, HDL, and LDL) and triglyceride levels. No relevant influence on glucose, insulin, and c-peptide levels or bone remodelling markers were detected in both treatment groups. Considering the coagulatory parameters, there was no impact on hemostasis.Conclusions: The results confirm the beneficial properties of the drospirenone-only pill.EudraCT Number: 2011-002396-42.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santiago Palacios
- Director of the Palacios Institute of Medicine and Women's Health, Madrid, Spain
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Müller A, Sailer M, Colli E, Regidor PA. Safety, efficacy and quality of life of the novel vaginal contraceptive ring containing etonogestrel/ethinylestradiol 11.0/3.474 mg after 3 years of "real life" experience. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 2020; 24:11810-11819. [PMID: 33275253 DOI: 10.26355/eurrev_202011_23838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Combined contraceptive vaginal rings (CVR) are increasingly appreciated due to several beneficial properties like avoidance of the hepatic first-pass effect, a comparatively low dosage of hormones and comfortable use. A further development of the widely used CVR releasing 0.12 mg etonogestrel (ETO) and 0.015 mg ethinylestradiol (EE) per 24 hours has been marketed since 2017. The 11.00/3.474 mg ETO/EE CVR Ornibel® is bioequivalent to the former product but differs in its polymer composition leading to improved stability. Here, results from recent studies on the novel CVR Ornibel® are reviewed including clinical trials on bleeding profile, acceptability, sexual function and other quality of life (QoL) parameters as well as in vitro studies on microbial adhesion to the CVR and the influence of ring rupture on hormone release. Findings are complemented with new data on contraceptive efficacy and safety of the new CVR that were assessed during 3 years of real-life experience.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Müller
- Exeltis Germany GmbH, Ismaning, Germany.
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Palacios S, Colli E, Regidor PA. Efficacy and cardiovascular safety of the new estrogen-free contraceptive pill containing 4 mg drospirenone alone in a 24/4 regime. BMC Womens Health 2020; 20:218. [PMID: 33008401 PMCID: PMC7530969 DOI: 10.1186/s12905-020-01080-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Background A new estrogen-free contraceptive has been approved by both the FDA and more than 15 European authorities. It is composed of drospirenone (DRSP) at a dosage of 4 mg in a regimen 24/4. The molecule is known to have anti-gonadotropic, anti-mineralocorticoid, anti-estrogenic, and antiandrogenic properties. The purpose of these clinical trials with a new estrogen-free contraceptive was to introduce a contraceptive method with high efficacy and showing a profile with low cardiovascular risks. Methods Three European and American multicenter clinical trials have been conducted in more than 2500 patients and more than 25,000 cycles, not only demonstrating an excellent efficacy (Pearl Index of 0.73) but also investigating possible cardiovascular risks. In the USA study, 422 participants (41.9%) had a risk factor for VTE, while in the European studies, 261 patients (16.6%) had at least one VTE risk factor. Amount of arterial and venous thromboembolic events, hemostasiological data, blood pressure development, and ECG data were evaluated. Results No single case of VTE was documented, no changes in hemastosiological parameters were observed, a small decrease in RR in patients with pretreatment values between 130 and 140 and/or 85 to 90 mm HG and no influence on ECG parameters were observed. Conclusions The introduction of a new estrogen-free contraceptive with 4 mg of non-micronized drospirenone in a 24/4-day regimen expands contraception options for women as not only a high efficacy could be demonstrated during clinical trials but also a very high cardiovascular safety profile was observed even in women with cardiovascular risk factors. Trial registration EudraCT registration numbers: 2010–021787-15 & 2011–002396-42. Clincaltrials.gov: NCT02269241.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santiago Palacios
- Instituto Palacios, Salud y Medicina de la Mujer, C/ Antonio Acuña 9, 28009, Madrid, Spain
| | - Enrico Colli
- Exeltis HealthCare Madrid. C/ Manuel Pombo Angulo 28, 4thFloor, 28050, Madrid, Spain
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Melka D, Kask K, Colli E, Regidor PA. A single-arm study to evaluate the transfer of drospirenone to breast milk after reaching steady state, following oral administration of 4 mg drospirenone in healthy lactating female volunteers. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 16:1745506520957192. [PMID: 32903172 PMCID: PMC7485149 DOI: 10.1177/1745506520957192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Objective: The primary objective of this trial was to assess the transfer of
drospirenone to breast milk after daily administration of an oral test
preparation containing 4 mg of drospirenone at the steady state. The
secondary objective of the trial was to assess safety based on clinical and
laboratory measurements and reporting of adverse events and/or adverse drug
reactions. Patients and Methods: This was an open label, non-comparative single-center study. Drospirenone
4 mg per day was the first postpartum contraceptive for the study
participants who were no longer breastfeeding yet were still lactating. It
was administered for 7 days to achieve steady-state concentration. All
participants were volunteers who planned to use oral contraceptives as their
family planning method in the future. Results: Twelve volunteers completed the trial according to the protocol, and the
samples of all 12 study completers were analyzed. The average
concentration–time curve of drospirenone in plasma 24 h after the
administration of the last dose (area under the curve (0–24 h)) was
635.33 ng h/mL and 120 h after the single repeated dose administration (area
under the curve (0–120 h)) was 1180.57 ng h/mL, respectively. The average
Cmax was 48.64 ng/mL. The average concentration–time curve of drospirenone in milk 24 h after the
administration of the last dose (area under the curve (0–24 h)) was
134.35 ng h/mL and 120 h after the single repeated dose administration (area
under the curve (0–120 h)) was 227.17 ng h/mL, respectively. The average
Cmax was 10.34 ng/mL. Conclusion: On average, 18.13% of plasma drospirenone made it to breast milk and the
highest concentration of drospirenone in breast milk was 17.55% of that in
plasma. The total quantity of drospirenone passing to breast milk is on
average 4478 ng during a 24-h period representing 0.11% of the maternal
daily dose. Thus, at the recommended doses, no effects on breastfed
newborns/infants are anticipated with drospirenone 4 mg.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kalev Kask
- EGeen International Corporation, Mountain View, CA, USA
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Parazzini F, Roncella E, Cipriani S, Trojano G, Barbera V, Herranz B, Colli E. The frequency of endometriosis in the general and selected populations: A systematic review. Journal of Endometriosis and Pelvic Pain Disorders 2020. [DOI: 10.1177/2284026520933141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Background: In this article, we have reviewed available data on the frequency of endometriosis considering separately the incidence and the prevalence of the disease using data from papers published from 2000 to June 2019. Study design: Systematic review and meta-analysis. PubMed and EMBASE were searched for observational studies reporting data on the incidence or prevalence rates or ratios for the following pre-specified populations: general population, infertile women, women reporting pelvic pain, women who underwent pelvic surgical procedures unrelated with endometriosis. Results: A total of 42 papers were included in this review. Considering the 11 studies that have analysed the prevalence of endometriosis in the general population, the reported prevalence ranged from 0.8% to 28.6% with an overall estimated of 4.4% (95% CI 3.6–5.2). When we considered separately the estimates reported in each study according to geographic area, the pooled estimate was lower in the European studies (1.4%), increased to 5.7% in the US studies and was 15.4% in the Asian ones. The pooled estimated prevalence of endometriosis was 33.5% (95% CI 24.3–42.8, Figure 2(c)) in women who underwent surgery for benign gynaecological conditions, 23.8% (95% CI 16.1–31.5, Figure 2(d)) in infertile women, and 49.7 % (95% CI 14.4–85.0) in women with chronic pelvic pain. Conclusion: This review offers an overview of the available data on the frequency of endometriosis in the general population and in selected population, in particular among infertile women and women with chronic pelvic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Parazzini
- Department of Woman, Newborn and Child, Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università di Milano, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Elena Roncella
- Department of Woman, Newborn and Child, Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università di Milano, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Sonia Cipriani
- Department of Woman, Newborn and Child, Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Trojano
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Department ‘Madonna delle Grazie’ Hospital, Matera, Italy
| | - Valeria Barbera
- Department of Biomedical Science for the Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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Hadji P, Colli E, Regidor PA. Correction to: Bone health in estrogen-free contraception. Osteoporos Int 2020; 31:1399. [PMID: 35133469 PMCID: PMC7370893 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-020-05426-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- P. Hadji
- Frankfurter Center of Bone Health, Goethestr. 23, 60313 Frankfurt/ Main, Germany
- Philipps University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - E. Colli
- Exeltis HealthCare Madrid, C/ Manuel Pombo Angulo 28, 4th Floor, 28050 Madrid, Spain
| | - P.-A. Regidor
- Exeltis Europe, Adalperostr. 84, 85737 Ismaning, Germany
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18
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Palacios S, Colli E, Regidor PA. Bleeding profile of women using a drospirenone-only pill 4 mg over nine cycles in comparison with desogestrel 0.075 mg. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0231856. [PMID: 32598387 PMCID: PMC7323950 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0231856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Progestin-only pills are associated with irregular bleeding pattern including amenorrhea. Desogestrel 75mcg even being a pill that inhibits ovulation shows a poor cycle control that limits a more common use. A drospirenone (DRSP)-only pill was developed to improve the bleeding profile. METHODS A phase III study in healthy women aged 18 to 45 years was performed to compare the bleeding profile and safety of women taking a DRSP only pill in a regime of 24 days of 4 mg of DRSP tablets followed by 4 days of placebo versus desogestrel 0.075 mg per day continuously over 9 cycles. A total of 858 women with 6691 drospirenone and 332 women with 2487 desogestrel treatment cycles were analyzed. The primary endpoint was the proportion of women with bleeding/spotting days in each cycle from cycles 2 to 9 and cumulative in cycles 2 to 4 and cycles 7 to 9 including and excluding those with amenorrhea. FINDINGS In each cycle, up to cycle 7, the proportion of women with unscheduled bleeding including those which did not bleed was statistically significantly lower in the DRSP group than in the DSG group (p = 0.0001, chi-square test). The mean [SD] number of unscheduled bleeding and spotting days during cycles 2-9 was statistically significantly lower in the DRSP group than in the DSG group (21.5 [22.86] days vs. 34.7 [33.73] days, p = 0.0003, Wilcoxon-rank-sum-test). Excluding amenorrhoeic women following results were obtained: In the cycles 2-6, the proportion of women with unscheduled bleeding was statistically significantly lower in the DRSP group than in the DSG group (p = 0.0001, chi-square test). The mean [SD] number of bleeding days was 8.6 [8.52] days vs. 12.9 [16.47] days, p = 0.0233. CONCLUSIONS This report describes the improvement in bleeding profile of women using the new DRSP only oral contraceptive in comparison to DSG providing a better quality of live and adherence to the contraceptive method. EudraCT registration number: 2011-002396-42.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Palacios
- Salud y Medicina de la Mujer, Director—Instituto Palacios, Madrid, Spain
| | - E. Colli
- Exeltis HealthCare Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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Apter D, Colli E, Gemzell-Danielsson K, Peters K. Multicenter, open-label trial to assess the safety and tolerability of drospirenone 4.0 mg over 6 cycles in female adolescents, with a 7-cycle extension phase. Contraception 2020; 101:412-419. [DOI: 10.1016/j.contraception.2020.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Revised: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Palacios S, Colli E, Regidor PA. Correction to: A multicenter, double-blind, randomized trial on the bleeding profle of a drospirenone-only pill 4 mg over nine cycles in comparison with desogestrel 0.075 mg. Arch Gynecol Obstet 2020; 301:1593. [PMID: 32328709 PMCID: PMC7246239 DOI: 10.1007/s00404-020-05544-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The article A multicenter, double-blind, randomized trial on the bleeding profle of a drospirenone-only pill 4 mg over nine cycles in comparison with desogestrel 0.075 mg, written by Santiago Palacios, Enrico Colli and Pedro-Antonio Regidor, was originally published Online First without Open Access.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santiago Palacios
- Instituto Palacios, Salud Y Medicina de La Mujer, C/Antonio Acuña, 28009 Madrid, Spain
| | - Enrico Colli
- Exeltis HealthCare Madrid, C/ Manuel Pombo Angulo 28, 4th Floor, 28050 Madrid, Spain
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Palacios S, Regidor PA, Colli E, Skouby SO, Apter D, Roemer T, Egarter C, Nappi RE, Skřivánek A, Jakimiuk AJ, Weyers S, Ács N, Elia D, Gemzell Danielsson K, Bitzer J. Oestrogen-free oral contraception with a 4 mg drospirenone-only pill: new data and a review of the literature. EUR J CONTRACEP REPR 2020; 25:221-227. [DOI: 10.1080/13625187.2020.1743828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Santiago Palacios
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Palacios Institute of Women’s Health, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - Sven Olaf Skouby
- Endocrinological and Reproductive Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Herlev/Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Dan Apter
- Department for Gynecology, VL-Medi Clinical Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Thomas Roemer
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Christian Egarter
- Department of Gynaecological Endocrinology and Reproductive Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Rossella E. Nappi
- Research Center for Reproductive Medicine, IRCCS San Matteo Foundation, Department of Clinical, Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Aleš Skřivánek
- Obstetrics and Gynaecology Clinic, G-CENTRUM Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Artur J. Jakimiuk
- Center for Reproductive Health, Institute of Mother and Child, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Steven Weyers
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Nándor Ács
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - David Elia
- Department for Gynecology and Obstetrics, Gynecole.com, rue Saint-Honoré, Paris, France
| | - Kristina Gemzell Danielsson
- Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Johannes Bitzer
- Clinic for Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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Regidor PA, Colli E, Georgiev D, Koytchev R, Richter W. Safety, influence on the endometrium, sonographic changes and bleeding profile after 13 cycles with the new drospirenone only pill (DOP) for contraception. Horm Mol Biol Clin Investig 2020; 42:123-131. [DOI: 10.1515/hmbci-2019-0061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background
The primary objective of the present trial was to assess the endometrial safety of a new oral contraceptive containing 4 mg drospirenone for a total duration of 13 cycles of 28 days each: 24 days of active treatment followed by 4 days placebo treatment per treatment cycle.
Materials and methods
This was a single-center, open-label, multiple-dose study on healthy female subjects at risk of pregnancy. Twenty one (= safety population set) pre-menopausal female Caucasian subjects started treatment with the study medication. The mean age was 29.0 years (range 19.0–36.0 years). Four subjects terminated the trial prematurely for the following reasons: on the subject’s request (n=2), due to an adverse event (n=1) and due to loss of contact (n=1). Seventeen subjects completed the planned duration of 13 cycles of open treatment with the test product (each cycle of 28 days).
Results
At visit 1 (pre-treatment), the biopsy result in the safety population set was proliferative in 14 cases and secretory in seven cases. At visit 7, four cases showed an inadequate result (insufficient tissue for diagnosis), 12 as proliferative and three as secretory. The number of biopsies with proliferative and secretory results reduced under treatment (safety population). The pre-post treatment changes in the endometrial biopsy results in the treatment completers set (n=17) showed almost no differences. At visit 1 (pre-treatment), the biopsy result was proliferative in 12 cases and secretory in five cases. At visit 7 (after 13 cycles of 28 days), four cases showed an inadequate result (insufficient tissue for diagnosis), 11 as proliferative, and two as secretory. The mean endometrial thickness in the safety population was reduced from 8.3 mm at visit 1 to 6.0 mm at visit 7. When comparing the endometrial thickness in the 21 subjects (safety population), the endometrial thickness showed a pre-post difference of 2.1 mm, whereas the endometrial thickness in the 17 study completers showed a pre-post difference of 2.5 mm (8.2 mm at visit 1–5.6 mm at visit 7).
Conclusions
Drospirenone 4 mg film-coated tablet in a dosage regime of 24/4 days is, regarding endometrial histology, a safe drug. Trial registration: EudraCT Register number: 2013-002300-13.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Dimitar Georgiev
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Consultative Office, at ‘DCC Ascendent’, Ltd. , Sofia , Bulgaria
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Kimble T, Burke AE, Barnhart KT, Archer DF, Colli E, Westhoff CL. A 1-year prospective, open-label, single-arm, multicenter, phase 3 trial of the contraceptive efficacy and safety of the oral progestin-only pill drospirenone 4 mg using a 24/4-day regimen. Contracept X 2020; 2:100020. [PMID: 32550535 PMCID: PMC7286157 DOI: 10.1016/j.conx.2020.100020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Revised: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives To evaluate contraceptive effectiveness and safety of oral drospirenone 4 mg 24/4-day regimen in the United States. Study design We performed a prospective, single-arm, multicenter phase 3 trial in sexually active women for up to thirteen 28-day treatment cycles. Primary outcome was the Pearl index, calculated using confirmed on-drug pregnancies and evaluable cycles in nonbreastfeeding women aged ≤ 35 years. We assessed adverse events (AEs), including hyperkalemia and venous thromboembolism. Results Of 1006 women who received at least one dose of drospirenone, 352 women (35.0%) completed the trial and 654 (65.0%) women discontinued before trial end. Most participants (92.2%) were ≤ 35 years; one third had a body mass index (BMI) ≥ 30 kg/m2. Among nonbreastfeeding women aged ≤ 35 years, there were 17 pregnancies (Pearl index: 4.0; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.3-6.4; n = 953), of which three were unconfirmed and two were from sites excluded from the main analysis for major breaches of Food and Drug Administration regulations. The Pearl index was 2.9 (95% CI: 1.5-5.1) for confirmed pregnancies among 915 nonbreastfeeding women aged ≤ 35 years from sites with no protocol violations. Nearly all (95.4%) treatment-emergent AEs were mild or moderate in intensity. No cases of venous thromboembolism were reported. The frequency of hyperkalemia was 0.5%. Women with baseline systolic/diastolic blood pressure ≥ 130/85 mmHg had a mean reduction from baseline in blood pressure at exit visit (- 8.5/- 4.9 mmHg; n = 119). No other clinically relevant changes were observed. Participant satisfaction was high. Conclusion Drospirenone 4 mg 24/4 regimen provides effective contraception with a good safety/tolerability profile in a broad group of women, including overweight or obese women. Implications This new progestin-only contraceptive, drospirenone 4 mg in a 24/4 regimen, provides a contraceptive option for the majority of women regardless of blood pressure or BMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Kimble
- Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA, USA
- Corresponding author at: Eastern Virginia Medical School; 601 Colley Avenue, Norfolk, VA 23507. Tel.: + 1 757 446 7900.
| | - Anne E. Burke
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Kurt T. Barnhart
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | | | - Carolyn L. Westhoff
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, and Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
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Palacios S, Colli E, Regidor PA. A multicenter, double-blind, randomized trial on the bleeding profile of a drospirenone-only pill 4 mg over nine cycles in comparison with desogestrel 0.075 mg. Arch Gynecol Obstet 2019; 300:1805-1812. [PMID: 31728664 PMCID: PMC7174261 DOI: 10.1007/s00404-019-05340-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE A typical compliance problem in the use of traditional progestin-only pills is the irregular bleeding pattern and the strict daily intake. Desogestrel 75 mg has a 12-h missed-pill window; however, its poor cycle control limits a more common use. METHODS A drospirenone (DRSP)-only pill was developed to improve the bleeding profile. SETTING A phase III study in healthy women aged 18-45 years was performed to compare the bleeding profile and safety of a DRSP-only pill in a regime of 24 days of 4 mg of DRSP tablets followed by 4 days of placebo versus desogestrel 0.075 mg per day continuously over nine cycles. POPULATION A total of 858 women with 6691 drospirenone and 332 women with 2487 desogestrel treatment cycles were analyzed. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The primary end point was the proportion of women with unscheduled bleeding/spotting in each cycle from cycles 2 to 9 and cumulative in cycles 2-4 and cycles 7-9. RESULTS In each cycle, up to cycle 7, the proportion of women with unscheduled bleeding was statistically significantly lower in the DRSP group than in the DSG group (p = 0.0001, Chi-square test). CONCLUSIONS This report describes the improvement in bleeding profile of women using the new DRSP-only oral contraceptive in comparison to DSG, providing a better quality of live and adherence to the contraceptive method. EudraCT Registration Number: 2011-002396-42.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santiago Palacios
- Instituto Palacios, Salud y Medicina de la Mujer, C/ Antonio Acuña, 9, 28009 Madrid, Spain
| | - Enrico Colli
- Exeltis HealthCare Madrid, C/ Manuel Pombo Angulo 28, 4th Floor, 28050 Madrid, Spain
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Palacios S, Colli E, Regidor P. Multicenter, phase III trials on the contraceptive efficacy, tolerability and safety of a new drospirenone-only pill. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 2019; 98:1549-1557. [PMID: 31321765 PMCID: PMC7186823 DOI: 10.1111/aogs.13688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Revised: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Approximately 100 million women currently use combined oral contraceptives. Combined oral contraceptives use is associated with increased risk of venous thromboembolic events and cardiovascular disease. Progestin-only pills do not increase the risk of venous thromboembolic events, stroke and myocardial infarction but are associated with a poor cycle control. A novel estrogen-free pill containing only drospirenone (DRSP) was developed to improve bleeding pattern, tolerability and acceptance without increasing venous thromboembolic events risks in contraception. MATERIAL AND METHODS Two prospective, multicenter Phase III studies in healthy women aged 18-45 years were performed to demonstrate the efficacy and safety of a drospirenone-only pill in a regimen of 24 days of 4 mg of drospirenone tablets followed by 4 days of placebo. A total of 1571 women (14 329 exposure cycles) were analyzed: 713 patients in the 13-cycle study 1 with 7638 exposure cycles and 858 patients in the 9-cycle study 2 with 6691 exposure cycles. The primary endpoint was the overall Pearl index, calculated for each study separately, and for both pooled. As main secondary efficacy endpoint, the "method failure Pearl index" including all pregnancies during "perfect medication cycles" was evaluated. EudraCT registration numbers: 2010-021787-15 & 2011-002396-42. RESULTS Calculations on pooled studies 1 and 2 with 1571 patients gave an overall Pearl index (based on 14 329 cycles) of 0.7258 (95% CI 0.3133 to 1.4301). No single case of deep vein thrombosis or pulmonary embolism and only one case of hyperkalemia were reported. Additional information such as laboratory parameters, body mass index, bodyweight, heart rate and blood pressure showed no statistically significant changes due to the treatment. CONCLUSIONS This is the first report of a new drospirenone-only oral contraceptive providing clinical efficacy similar to combined oral contraceptives, with a good safety profile, and favorable cycle control.
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Abstract
Estrogens and progestogens influence the bone. The major physiological effect of estrogen is the inhibition of bone resorption whereas progestogens exert activity through binding to specific progesterone receptors. New estrogen-free contraceptive and its possible implication on bone turnover are discussed in this review. Insufficient bone acquisition during development and/or accelerated bone loss after attainment of peak bone mass (PBM) are 2 processes that may predispose to fragility fractures in later life. The relative importance of bone acquisition during growth versus bone loss during adulthood for fracture risk has been explored by examining the variability of areal bone mineral density (BMD) (aBMD) values in relation to age. Bone mass acquired at the end of the growth period appears to be more important than bone loss occurring during adult life. The major physiological effect of estrogen is the inhibition of bone resorption. When estrogen transcription possesses binds to the receptors, various genes are activated, and a variety modified. Interleukin 6 (IL-6) stimulates bone resorption, and estrogen blocks osteoblast synthesis of IL-6. Estrogen may also antagonize the IL-6 receptors. Additionally, estrogen inhibits bone resorption by inducing small but cumulative changes in multiple estrogen-dependent regulatory factors including TNF-α and the OPG/RANKL/RANK system. Review on existing data including information about new estrogen-free contraceptives. All progestins exert activity through binding to specific progesterone receptors; hereby, three different groups of progestins exist: pregnanes, gonanes, and estranges. Progestins also comprise specific glucocorticoid, androgen, or mineralocorticoid receptor interactions. Anabolic action of a progestogen may be affected via androgenic, anti-androgenic, or synadrogenic activity. The C 19 nortestosterone class of progestogens is known to bind with more affinity to androgen receptors than the C21 progestins. This article reviews the effect of estrogens and progestogens on bone and presents new data of the currently approved drospirenone-only pill. The use of progestin-only contraceptives leading to an estradiol level between 30 and 50 pg/ml does not seem to lead to an accelerate bone loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- P. Hadji
- Frankfurter Center of Bone Health, Goethestr. 23, 60313 Frankfurt/Main, Germany
- Philipps University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - E. Colli
- Exeltis HealthCare Madrid, C/ Manuel Pombo Angulo 28, 4th Floor, 28050 Madrid, Spain
| | - P.-A. Regidor
- Exeltis Europe, Adalperostr. 84, 85737 Ismaning, Germany
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Richter WH, Koytchev R, Kirkov V, Merki G, Colli E, Regidor PA. Comparative pharmacokinetic estimates of drospirenone alone and in combination with ethinyl estradiol after single and repeated oral administration in healthy females. Contraception 2019; 101:137-143. [PMID: 31758920 DOI: 10.1016/j.contraception.2019.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2019] [Revised: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the pharmacokinetics (PK) of drospirenone (DRSP), alone versus in combination with ethinyl estradiol (EE), after single and repeated administration. STUDY DESIGN We conducted a single-centre, open-label, crossover, 2-treatment, 2-period, 2-sequence study in which non-micronized DRSP 4 mg or a combination of DRSP 3 mg and EE 0.02 mg were administered to healthy female subjects on day 1 to obtain a single-dose kinetic profile, and from day 4 to day 15 to obtain a repeated-dose kinetic profile. The maximum observed concentration (Cmax) and area under the concentration/time curve (AUC) were determined in a model-independent way using non dose corrected data. Statistical analysis was based on a parametric method (ANOVA-log). RESULTS A total of 24 healthy female subjects were randomized 1:1 into the study. The mean relative, non-dose-corrected PK estimates after single-dose administration for the endpoints AUC(0-72h), AUC(0-24h) and Cmax were 543.5 ng*h/mL, 296.1 ng*h/mL and 27.3 ng/mL for DRSP alone, and 442.0 ng*h/mL, 264.7 ng*h/mL and 37.5 ng/mL for the DRSP/EE combination; p < 0.001. The mean relative, non-dose-corrected PK estimates after repeated dose administration for the endpoints AUC(0-72h), AUC(0-24h) and Cmax were 1066.8 ng*h/ml, 570.2 ng*h/mL and 41.0 ng/mL for DRSP alone, and 1394.5 ng*h/mL, 732.8 ng*h/mL and 61.4 ng/mL for the DRSP/EE combination; p < 0.001. CONCLUSIONS DRSP alone exhibits a lower accumulation ratio than together with EE. The extent of systemic exposure at steady-state is about 32% less with the new formulation (AUC(0-24h), steady-state geometric mean ratio: 77.8%; 90% confidence interval: 74.6%-81.1%). This PK profile may be caused by EE. IMPLICATIONS Our results suggest that metabolic pathways of DRSP can be inhibited by EE resulting in higher DRSP plasma concentrations in DRSP/EE formulations than in a DRSP-alone formulation. The enzymes CYP3A4 and SULT1A1 may play a role. Additional drug-drug-interaction studies are needed to better understand these metabolic pathways and their future clinical implications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - G Merki
- Klinik für Reproduktions-Endokrinologie, Universitäts Spital Zürich, Switzerland.
| | - E Colli
- Exeltis Healthcare, Germany.
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Abstract
Objective: The aim of the study was to evaluate in vitro the amount of Candida albicans and Lactobacillus acidophilus adhering to the surface of Ornibel, a contraceptive vaginal ring with a new polymer composition, in comparison with NuvaRing. Methods: Ornibel and NuvaRing were tested for adhesion of microorganisms in vitro. The vaginal rings were aseptically sectioned into 1 cm segments. Suspensions of C. albicans (1-2 × 107 colony-forming units [CFU]/ml) and L. acidophilus (1-2 × 108 CFU/ml) were prepared and incubated either in monoculture or as co-culture with the ring segments. After incubation, adherent C. albicans and L. acidophilus were quantified by plate counting. Results: In monoculture, the measured amount of adhesion of C. albicans on the ring surface was significantly lower with Ornibel compared with NuvaRing (p = 6.77 × 10-5), while the adherence of L. acidophilus did not differ between the two rings. Similarly, when co-incubated with C. albicans, the number of adhering L. acidophilus microorganisms was significantly lower with Ornibel compared with NuvaRing (p = .018) . This reduction also resulted in significantly lower levels of adhering L. acidophilus in co-culture compared with L. acidophilus when incubated alone (p = .003). Conclusion: The study demonstrates that the adherence of C. albicans, as well as that of L. acidophilus when co-cultured with C. albicans, is lower with the Ornibel vaginal ring compared with NuvaRing. These in vitro findings warrant future human trials using molecular techniques to assess the vaginal microbiota composition and to establish whether Ornibel can support vaginal health.
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Regidor PA, Colli E, Calvo E. Klinische Entwicklung von GinoRing®. Ein neuer Etonogestrel/Ethinylestradiol haltiger Vaginalring zur Verhütung. Vergleichende Bioäquivalenz zum NuvaRing®. Geburtshilfe Frauenheilkd 2018. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0038-1671277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - E Colli
- Exeltis Spain, Madrid, Spanien
| | - E Calvo
- Exeltis Spain, Madrid, Spanien
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Regidor PA, Colli E, Calvo E. Bakterielle Adhäsion an einem neuen Vaginalring zur Verhütung (GinoRing®). Vergleich zum vorhandenen Ring NuvaRing®. Geburtshilfe Frauenheilkd 2018. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0038-1670988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - E Colli
- Exeltis Spain, Madrid, Spanien
| | - E Calvo
- Exeltis Spain, Madrid, Spanien
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Regidor PA, Colli E, Calvo E. Klinische Entwicklung von GinoRing®. Ein neuer Etonogestrel/Ethinylestradiol haltiger Vaginalring zur Verhütung. Vergleichende Verträglichkeit, Akzeptanz und Tragekomfort zum NuvaRing®. Geburtshilfe Frauenheilkd 2018. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0038-1670989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - E Colli
- Exeltis Spain, Madrid, Spanien
| | - E Calvo
- Exeltis Spain, Madrid, Spanien
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Muñoz J, Ballester MR, Antonijoan RM, Gich I, Rodríguez M, Colli E, Gold S, Krolewiecki AJ. Safety and pharmacokinetic profile of fixed-dose ivermectin with an innovative 18mg tablet in healthy adult volunteers. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2018; 12:e0006020. [PMID: 29346388 PMCID: PMC5773004 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0006020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2017] [Accepted: 10/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Ivermectin is a pivotal drug for the control of onchocerciasis and lymphatic filariasis, which is increasingly identified as a useful drug for the control of other Neglected Tropical Diseases. Its role in the treatment of soil transmitted helminthiasis through improved efficacy against Trichuris trichiura in combination with other anthelmintics might accelerate the progress towards breaking transmission. Ivermectin is a derivative of Avermectin B1, and consists of an 80:20 mixture of the equipotent homologous 22,23 dehydro B1a and B1b. Pharmacokinetic characteristics and safety profile of ivermectin allow to explore innovative uses to further expand its utilization through mass drug administration campaigns to improve coverage rates. We conducted a phase I clinical trial with 54 healthy adult volunteers who sequentially received 2 experimental treatments using a new 18 mg ivermectin tablet in a fixed-dose strategy of 18 and 36 mg single dose regimens, compared to the standard, weight based 150–200 μg/kg, regimen. Volunteers were recruited in 3 groups based on body weight. Plasma concentrations of ivermectin were measured through HPLC up to 168 hours post treatment. Safety data showed no significant differences between groups and no serious adverse events: headache was the most frequent adverse event in all treatment groups, none of them severe. Pharmacokinetic parameters showed a half-life between 81 and 91 h in the different treatment groups. When comparing the systemic bioavailability (AUC0t and Cmax) of the reference product (WA-ref) with the other two study groups using fixed doses, we observed an overall increase in AUC0t and Cmax for the two experimental treatments of 18 mg and 36 mg. Body mass index (BMI) and weight were associated with t1/2 and V/F, probably reflecting the high liposolubility of IVM with longer retention times proportional to the presence of more adipose tissue. Systemic exposure to ivermectin (AUC0t or Cmax) was not associated with BMI or weight in our study. These findings contribute to further understand the pharmacokinetic characteristics of ivermectin, highlighting its safety across different dosing regimens. They also correlate with known pharmacokinetic parameters showing stable levels of AUC and Cmax across a wide range of body weights, which justifies the strategy of fix dosing from a pharmacokinetic perspective. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03173742.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose Muñoz
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health, ISGlobal-CRESIB, Universitat de Barcelona. Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria Rosa Ballester
- CIM-Sant Pau. IIB Sant Pau. Institut de Recerca de l’Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau. Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rosa Maria Antonijoan
- CIM-Sant Pau. IIB Sant Pau. Institut de Recerca de l’Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau. Barcelona, Spain
- Pharmacology and Therapeutics Department, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Ignasi Gich
- CIM-Sant Pau. IIB Sant Pau. Institut de Recerca de l’Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau. Barcelona, Spain
- Pharmacology and Therapeutics Department, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Montse Rodríguez
- CIM-Sant Pau. IIB Sant Pau. Institut de Recerca de l’Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau. Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Silvia Gold
- Fundacion Mundo Sano, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Alejandro J. Krolewiecki
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Enfermedades Tropicales, Universidad Nacional de Salta/CONICET, Oran, Argentina
- * E-mail:
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Regidor PA, Colli E, Schindler AE. Drospirenone as estrogen-free pill and hemostasis: coagulatory study results comparing a novel 4 mg formulation in a 24 + 4 cycle with desogestrel 75 μg per day. Gynecol Endocrinol 2016; 32:749-751. [PMID: 27028425 DOI: 10.3109/09513590.2016.1161743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION A novel estrogen free contraceptive pill, with drospirenone 4 mg in a dosing regimen of 24 + 4, has been developed with a pearl-index of 0.51 (95% CI 0.1054; 1.4922). The aim of the following study was to determine if 4 mg DRSP has an impact on coagulation factors and thrombotic risks in comparison with desogestrel 75 μg. PATIENTS AND METHODS Thirty-nine patients received 4 mg DRSP 24 + 4 d and 29 desogestrel 75 μg per day continuously during nine complete cycles. Following hemostatic parameters were evaluated: Apc resistance, Antithrombin III, Protein C reactivity, Factor VII, Factor VIII, and d-Dimer. RESULTS Factor VII decreased from 1.123 to 1.066 in the DRSP group and from 1.241 to 1.034 in the desogestrel group (p = 0.0088). The difference in change of mean Protein C activity from baseline to endpoint was -0.0332 in the DRSP versus -0.157 in the desogestrel group (p = 0.0249). d-Dimer values dropped in the DRSP group from baseline values of 264.9-215.0 ng/mL, whereas in the desogestrel group there was a rise from 201.4 ng/mL to 281.5 ng/mL. DISCUSSION DRSP 4 mg was not associated with any meaningful changes on hemostatic parameters, indicating a lack of effect on hemostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Antonio Regidor
- a Outdoor Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics , Frauenklinik München West , München , Germany
- b Exeltis Germany , Ismaning , Germany
| | | | - Adolf E Schindler
- d Institut für Medizinische Forschung und Fortbildung , Essen , Germany
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Duijkers IJM, Heger-Mahn D, Drouin D, Colli E, Skouby S. Maintenance of ovulation inhibition with a new progestogen-only pill containing drospirenone after scheduled 24-h delays in pill intake. Contraception 2015; 93:303-309. [PMID: 26708301 DOI: 10.1016/j.contraception.2015.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2015] [Revised: 12/10/2015] [Accepted: 12/11/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Traditional progestogen-only pills (POPs) have stringent daily timing and missed pill rules that might affect contraceptive reliability. A new-generation oestrogen-free pill has been developed, containing 4-mg drospirenone with a unique regimen of 24 active treatment days followed by four placebo tablets. A previous study showed that this new drospirenone-only pill effectively inhibited ovulation. Clinical efficacy, however, can be affected by compliance, and delayed or forgotten pill intake often occurs in daily life. The aim of this study was to investigate if inhibition of ovulation was maintained after four scheduled 24-h delays in tablet intake. STUDY DESIGN One hundred thirty healthy women with proven ovulatory cycles were randomized, and 127 were treated with the drospirenone-only pill during two cycles. In treatment Group A (n=62), 24-h delays in tablet intake were scheduled on days 3, 6, 11 and 22 during Cycle 2 and, in treatment Group B (n=65) during Cycle 1, respectively. Ovulation was defined as disappearance or persistence of a large follicle and progesterone levels higher than 5 ng/mL for at least 5 consecutive days. RESULTS The overall ovulation rate was 0.8%; only one subject in Group A fulfilled the ovulation criteria in Cycle 2. Follicular diameters in the regular-intake and the delayed-intake cycles were similar. CONCLUSION Despite the 4-day hormone-free period and multiple intentional 24-h delays in tablet intake, ovulation inhibition was maintained. This property distinguishes this new-generation oestrogen-free pill from traditional POPs by allowing the same "safety window" or flexibility in intake as combined oral contraceptives without compromising contraceptive reliability. IMPLICATIONS Delayed or forgotten pill intake is very common. Ovulation inhibition by the new-generation oestrogen-free pill, containing 4-mg drospirenone for 24 days followed by a 4-day treatment-free period, was maintained despite four 24-h delays in tablet intake, so the impact of delayed intake on contraceptive reliability will be low.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Sven Skouby
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Herlev Hospital, Copenhagen University, Herlev, Denmark.
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Masi L, Beltrami G, Ottanelli S, Franceschelli F, Gozzini A, Zonefrati R, Galli G, Ciuffi S, Mavilia C, Giusti F, Marcucci G, Cioppi F, Colli E, Fossi C, Franchi A, Casentini C, Capanna R, Brandi ML. Human Preosteoblastic Cell Culture from a Patient with Severe Tumoral Calcinosis-Hyperphosphatemia Due to a New GALNT3 Gene Mutation: Study of In Vitro Mineralization. Calcif Tissue Int 2015; 96:438-52. [PMID: 25899975 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-015-9974-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2014] [Accepted: 02/24/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Human disorders of phosphate (Pi) handling and skeletal mineralization represent a group of rare bone diseases. One of these disease is tumoral calcinosis (TC). In this study, we present the case of a patient with TC with a new GALNT3 gene mutation. We also performed functional studies using an in vitro cellular model. Genomic DNA was extracted from peripheral blood collected from a teenage Caucasian girl affected by TC, and from her parents. A higher capability to form mineralization nodules in vitro was found in human preosteoblastic cells of mutant when compared to wild-type controls. We found a novel homozygous inactivating splice site mutation in intron I (c.516-2a>g). A higher capability to form mineralization nodules in vitro was found in the mutant cells in human preosteoblastic cells when compared to wild-type controls. Understanding the functional significance and molecular physiology of this novel mutation will help to define the role of FGF23 in the control of Pi homeostasis in normal and in pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Masi
- Metabolic Bone Diseases Unit AOUC-Careggi, Department of Orthopedics, University of Florence, Largo Palagi, 1, 50134, Florence, Italy
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Anderson J, Al-Ali G, Wirth M, Gual JB, Gomez Veiga F, Colli E, van der Meulen E, Persson BE. Degarelix versus goserelin (+ antiandrogen flare protection) in the relief of lower urinary tract symptoms secondary to prostate cancer: results from a phase IIIb study (NCT00831233). Urol Int 2012; 90:321-8. [PMID: 23258223 DOI: 10.1159/000345423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2012] [Accepted: 10/05/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION No studies to date have assessed the efficacy/tolerability of degarelix in the relief of lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) secondary to prostate cancer (PrCa). METHODS Patients were randomised to degarelix 240/80 mg or goserelin 3.6 mg + bicalutamide flare protection (G+B); both treatments were administered for 3 months. The primary endpoint was change in International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) at week 12 compared with baseline. RESULTS This study was stopped early due to recruitment difficulties. 40 patients received treatment (degarelix n = 27; G+B n = 13); most had locally advanced disease and were highly symptomatic. Degarelix was non-inferior to G+B in reducing IPSS at week 12 in the full analysis set (p = 0.20); the significantly larger IPSS reduction in the per-protocol analysis (p = 0.04) was suggestive of superior reductions with degarelix. Significantly more degarelix patients had improved quality of life (IPSS question) at week 12 (85 vs. 46%; p = 0.01). Mean prostate size reductions at week 12 were 42 versus 25% for patients receiving degarelix versus G+B, respectively (p = 0.04; post hoc analysis). Most adverse events were mild/moderate; more degarelix patients experienced injection site reactions whereas more G+B patients had urinary tract infections/cystitis. CONCLUSION In 40 men with predominantly locally advanced PrCa and highly symptomatic LUTS, degarelix was at least non-inferior to G+B in reducing IPSS at week 12.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Anderson
- Department of Urology, Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Sheffield, UK
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Digesu GA, Verdi E, Cardozo L, Olivieri L, Khullar V, Colli E. Phase IIb, multicenter, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, parallel-group study to determine effects of elocalcitol in women with overactive bladder and idiopathic detrusor overactivity. Urology 2012; 80:48-54. [PMID: 22626580 DOI: 10.1016/j.urology.2012.03.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2012] [Revised: 03/20/2012] [Accepted: 03/29/2012] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the efficacy and safety of elocalcitol in the treatment of women with overactive bladder and idiopathic detrusor overactivity. METHODS The study was a multicenter, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, parallel-group trial of women with overactive bladder symptoms recruited from 48 European tertiary referral centers. The participants were randomized to receive either placebo or elocalcitol, 75 μg/d or 150 μg/d for 4 weeks. A 3-day bladder diary, the Urgency Perception Scale, the Patient's Perception of Bladder Condition, and urodynamics were used before and after treatment. Vital signs, laboratory blood tests, 24-hour urine collection, and electrocardiography were also performed to assess the safety. The analysis of covariance test was used to compare the treatment groups. The primary objective was to evaluate the change in bladder volume at the first involuntary detrusor contraction from baseline. RESULTS A total of 308 women were studied. No significant change was seen in the urodynamic parameters between the placebo and elocalcitol groups, except for the bladder volume at the first desire to void. The frequency of incontinence episodes was significantly reduced in the elocalcitol group compared with the placebo group (P = .02). The Patient's Perception of Bladder Condition score improved significantly after treatment for the women receiving elocalcitol compared with those receiving placebo (P = .02). Treatment with both doses of elocalcitol was well tolerated, and no differences versus placebo were observed. CONCLUSION Although the primary endpoint was not achieved, elocalcitol appears to be an effective and well-tolerated drug for the treatment of women with overactive bladder and idiopathic detrusor overactivity. However, the multicenter setting for the use of urodynamics might have biased the results of our study.
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Axcrona K, Aaltomaa S, da Silva CM, Ozen H, Damber JE, Tankó LB, Colli E, Klarskov P. Androgen deprivation therapy for volume reduction, lower urinary tract symptom relief and quality of life improvement in patients with prostate cancer: degarelix vs goserelin plus bicalutamide. BJU Int 2012; 110:1721-8. [PMID: 22500884 DOI: 10.1111/j.1464-410x.2012.11107.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Study Type--Therapy (RCT) Level of Evidence 1b. What's known on the subject? and What does the study add? Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) is commonly used as a primary treatment for patients with prostate cancer (PCa) who are not eligible for radical treatment options. ADT is also used in patients with PCa as neo-adjuvant hormone therapy to reduce prostate volume and down-stage the disease before radiotherapy with curative intent. The present study showed that ADT with the gonadotropin hormone-releasing hormone (GhRH) antagonist degarelix is non-inferior to combined treatment with the LHRH agonist goserelin and bicalutamide in terms of reducing prostate volume during the treatment period of 3 months. Degarelix treatment evokes, however, significantly better relief of lower urinary tract symptoms in patients having moderate and severe voiding problems. OBJECTIVE • To assess the efficacy of monthly degarelix treatment for reduction of total prostate volume (TPV), relief of lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) and improvement of quality of life (QoL) in patients with prostate cancer (PCa) using monthly goserelin as active control. METHODS • This was a randomized, parallel-arm, active-controlled, open-label, multicentre trial on 182 patients treated with either monthly degarelix (240/80 mg) or goserelin (3.6 mg) for 12 weeks. • For flare protection, goserelin-treated patients also received daily bicalutamide (50 mg) during the initial 28 days. • Key trial variables monitored monthly were TPV (primary endpoint), serum testosterone, prostate-specific antigen (PSA), the International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) and the Benign Prostate Hyperplasia Impact Index. RESULTS • In all, 175 patients completed the trial (96.1%). • At week 12, changes in TPV for degarelix and goserelin were similar (-37.2% vs -39.0%) and met the predefined non-inferiority criterion. • Decreases in IPSS were greater in degarelix than in goserelin-treated patients, differences being statistically significant in patients with baseline IPSS > 13 (-6.7 ± 1.8 vs -4.0 ± 1.0; P = 0.02). • The number of patients with an IPSS change of ≥ 3 over baseline was also significantly higher in patients treated with degarelix (61.0 vs 44.3%, P = 0.02). • Both treatments were safe and well tolerated. CONCLUSIONS • Medical castration reduces TPV and could also improve LUTS in patients with PCa. • While the short-term efficacy of degarelix and goserelin + bicalutamide was the same in terms of TPV reduction, degarelix showed superiority in LUTS relief in symptomatic patients, which could highlight the different actions of these drugs on extrapituitary gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) receptors in the bladder and/or the prostate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karol Axcrona
- Department of Urology, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway. karol.
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Russo A, Gandaglia G, Benigni F, La Croce G, Moschini M, Colli E, Montorsi F, Rigatti P, Andersson KE, Hedlund P. 31 THE LONG-ACTING GONADOTROPIN-RELEASING HORMONE RECEPTOR ANTAGONIST DEGARELIX HAS PROTECTIVE EFFECTS ON BLADDER FUNCTION AFTER OUTFLOW OBSTRUCTION IN RATS. J Urol 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.juro.2012.02.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Gandaglia G, Benigni F, La Croce G, Moschini M, Strittmatter F, Colli E, Andersson K, Rigatti P, Montorsi F, Hedlund P. UP-03.198 The GnRH-Receptor Antagonist Degarelix Reduces Urodynamic Signs of Detrusor Overactivity in Awake Female Rats. Urology 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.urology.2011.07.1286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Carnevale Schianca GP, Pedrazzoli R, Onolfo S, Colli E, Cornetti E, Bergamasco L, Fra GP, Bartoli E. ApoB/apoA-I ratio is better than LDL-C in detecting cardiovascular risk. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2011; 21:406-411. [PMID: 20171854 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2009.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2009] [Revised: 09/10/2009] [Accepted: 11/02/2009] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Cardiovascular (CV) events occur even when LDL-C are <100mg/dL. To improve the detection of CV risk we investigated the apoB/apoA-I ratio versus LDL-C in subjects considered normal glucose tolerant (NGT) by oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). METHODS AND RESULTS We enrolled 616 NGT (273 men and 343 women), and we measured insulin resistance, lipid profile, apoB/apoA-I and the factors compounding the metabolic syndrome (MetS). An unfavourable apoB/apoA-I (≥0.9 for males and ≥0.8 for females) was present in 13.9% of 108 patients with LDL-C <100mg/dL: compared to subjects with lower apoB/apoA-I (<0.9 for males and <0.8 for females), they had more elements of MetS and their lipid profile strongly correlated with high CV risk. Out of 314 patients with lower apoB/apoA-I, 40.12% had LDL-C ≥130mg/dL: these retained a more favourable lipid profile than corresponding subjects with elevated apoB/apoA-I ratio. Finally, we found a significant correlation between LDL-C and apoB/apoA-I ratio (r=0.48, p<0.0001). CONCLUSIONS In NGT with LDL-C <100mg/dL, a higher apoB/apoA-I exhibited an atherogenic lipid profile, indicating that LDL-C alone is insufficient to define CV risk. Independent from LDL-level, when apoB/apoA-I is lower, the lipid profile is, in fact, less atherogenic. This study demonstrates that apoB/apoA-I is at least complementary to LDL-C in identifying the "effective" CV risk profile of asymptomatic NGT subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- G P Carnevale Schianca
- Internal Medicine, Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche, Università degli Studi del Piemonte Orientale "Amedeo Avogadro" and Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria "Maggiore della Carità", Corso Mazzini 18, 28100 Novara, Italy
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Gandaglia G, Benigni F, La Croce G, Moschini M, Bergamini A, Strittmatter F, Colli E, Rigatti P, Montorsi F, Hedlund P. 800 DEGARELIX REDUCES URODYNAMIC CHANGES IN A RAT MODEL FOR EXPERIMENTAL DETRUSOR OVERACTIVITY AND PRODUCES MORE EFFICIENT VOIDING. J Urol 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.juro.2011.02.618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Smith MR, Klotz L, van der Meulen E, Colli E, Tanko LB. Association of baseline risk factors with cardiovascular (CV) events during long-term degarelix therapy in men with prostate cancer. J Clin Oncol 2011. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2011.29.7_suppl.190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
190 Background: GnRH agonists have been associated with a greater incidence of CV events in men with prostate cancer. Less is known about GnRH antagonists and CVD. We used prospective data to evaluate the relationships of baseline CV risk, dosing regimen and duration of degarelix therapy, and CV events. Methods: Data from 16 phase II/III and one extended phase III trial was pooled (n=1,704). Maintenance doses and exposure time varied between 20-480 mg and 1-66 months, respectively. Baseline CV risk was assessed based on established CVD, BMI (>30 kg/m2), smoking, hypertension, type 2 diabetes, and hyperlipidemia. Patients were stratified into 3 groups: 1) no CV risk factors (n=337), 2) ≥1 CV risk factors without CVD (n=803), 3) established CVD (n=564). Acute CV events were collected prospectively. Results: The incidence of CV events in patients with established CVD, ≥1 CV risk factors, and no CV risk factors was 20% (n=112), 8% (n=57) and 7% (n=28), respectively. Established CVD was associated with a 3.1-fold increased risk for CV events (p<0.0001), whereas presence of ≥1 CV risk factors with 1.3-fold (p=0.28). The cumulative hazard curve indicated no increases in hazards with increasing duration of treatment. Hazards of primary CV events during degarelix treatment (0.049) were not statistically different from that during the 2 years prior treatment (0.48, p=0.85). In multivariate models, age, established CV disease, high BMI and no alcohol consumption were independently associated with greater risk for CV events (Table); type 2 diabetes (p=0.13) and smoking (p=0.08) were of borderline significance. Degarelix dose and schedule were not associated with CV risk (p=0.78) in the model. Conclusions: CV events during degarelix treatment were largely confined to those with established CVD and further modulated by aging and modifiable risk factors. Rates of CV events were similar before and after degarelix treatment. [Table: see text] [Table: see text]
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Affiliation(s)
- M. R. Smith
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, MA; Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada; Ferring Pharmaceuticals, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - L. Klotz
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, MA; Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada; Ferring Pharmaceuticals, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - E. van der Meulen
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, MA; Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada; Ferring Pharmaceuticals, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - E. Colli
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, MA; Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada; Ferring Pharmaceuticals, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - L. B. Tanko
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, MA; Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada; Ferring Pharmaceuticals, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Carnevale Schianca GP, Mella R, Scaglia E, Bigliocca M, Colli E, Fra GP, Bartoli E. Expanding the clinical use of standard OGTT: the percentage increment of 2 h with respect to fasting glucose as an index of β-cell dysfunction. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2011; 27:262-8. [PMID: 21309049 DOI: 10.1002/dmrr.1166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Since glucose levels during oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) are determined both by insulin sensitivity and insulin secretion, we investigated whether the percentage increment (PG%) of 2-h plasma glucose (2hPG) over fasting plasma glucose (FPG) is related to validated indexes of insulin sensitivity and insulin secretion. METHODS Using Stumvoll's formulas we calculated estimated insulin sensitivity index and first-phase insulin secretion in 1281 subjects who underwent a standard OGTT. The ratio first-phase insulin secretion/(1/estimated insulin sensitivity index) was considered a surrogate index of β-cell function. For each subject we calculated PG% using the formula: [(2hPG - FPG)/FPG] × 100. For each glucose tolerance group we formed tertiles based on PG% values. RESULTS In each glucose tolerance group, β-cell function was better preserved in lower PG% tertiles, demonstrating a correlation between PG% and insulin resistance. CONCLUSIONS By a simple calculation, our study allows, expansion of the clinical use of OGTT to recognize subjects liable to further worsening of glucose homeostasis, independent from glucose tolerance groupings.
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Affiliation(s)
- G P Carnevale Schianca
- Internal Medicine, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Eastern Piedmont A. Avogadro, Via Solaroli 17, Novara, Italy
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Carnevale Schianca GP, Colli E, Onolfo S, Pedrazzoli R, Fra GP, Bartoli E. Individuation of different metabolic phenotypes in normal glucose tolerance test. Acta Diabetol 2010; 47:167-72. [PMID: 19936603 DOI: 10.1007/s00592-009-0165-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2009] [Accepted: 10/27/2009] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Based on the hypothesis that a more efficient glucose utilization lowers the risk of progression to type 2 diabetes, we tested the capability of oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) to identify subjects at risk included inside normal glucose tolerance (NGT). We measured fasting and 2-h plasma glucose (FPG and 2hPG) and insulin values (FPI and 2hPI) in 623 normal OGTTs. Insulin sensitivity and secretion were computed with HOMA2 method and Stumvoll's formula. Secretion was expressed as HOMA2%beta, first (1stPH) and second-phase (2ndPH) insulin release. The percentage increment of 2hPG with respect to FPG (PG%) was used to subdivide patients into PG% tertiles, considered as the primary grouping variable. Covariance analysis (ANCOVA) for multiple comparisons was performed considering the above measurements as dependent variables, sex, age, body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference as covariates. In subjects with PG% < or =0, we documented significant increments of insulin sensitivity and significant decrements of resistance and secretion compared to subjects with PG% >0. ANCOVA disclosed that insulin sensitivity fell, while 1stPH secretion rose significantly from the lower to the higher tertile of PG%. OGTT may be useful to establish NGT as well as a more subtle metabolic phenotype. The closer 2hPG is to FPG, the higher insulin sensitivity and the lower insulin secretion are. The stimulus to maintain NGT elicits more insulin secretion, predisposing to worsening glucose tolerance when a faltering insulin secretion ensues. These subjects could benefit from prospective prevention treatment and studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- G P Carnevale Schianca
- Clinica Medica Generale, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Maggiore della Carità, Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche, Università del Piemonte Orientale Amedeo Avogadro, Corso Mazzini 18, 28100, Novara, Italy
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Penna G, Fibbi B, Amuchastegui S, Corsiero E, Laverny G, Silvestrini E, Chavalmane A, Morelli A, Sarchielli E, Vannelli GB, Gacci M, Colli E, Maggi M, Adorini L. The vitamin D receptor agonist elocalcitol inhibits IL-8-dependent benign prostatic hyperplasia stromal cell proliferation and inflammatory response by targeting the RhoA/Rho kinase and NF-kappaB pathways. Prostate 2009; 69:480-93. [PMID: 19107880 DOI: 10.1002/pros.20896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is characterized by an important inflammatory component. Stimulation of human prostate stromal cells from BPH tissues with proinflammatory cytokines leads to secretion of IL-8, a chemokine involved in BPH pathogenesis. The vitamin D receptor (VDR) agonist elocalcitol can arrest prostate growth in BPH patients, but its mechanism of action in this pathology is still incompletely understood. METHODS IL-8 levels were measured by real-time RT-PCR and ELISA. NF-kappaB translocation and COX-2 expression were evaluated by confocal microscopy. RhoA and Rho-kinase (ROCK) gene expression and functional activity were studied by real-time RT-PCR, immuno-kinase assays, Western blot analysis, confocal microscopy, and cell invasion. RESULTS Stimulation of BPH cells with IL-8 activates the calcium-sensitizing RhoA/ROCK pathway, as demonstrated by the increased membrane translocation of RhoA and by phosphorylation of the ROCK substrate myosin phosphatase target subunit 1 (MYPT-1). In agreement with these data, C3 exoenzyme, a selective RhoA inhibitor, inhibits IL-8-induced invasion of BPH cells. The VDR agonist elocalcitol significantly inhibits IL-8 production by BPH cells stimulated with inflammatory cytokines, and IL-8-induced proliferation of BPH cells. In addition, elocalcitol inhibits IL-8-induced membrane translocation of RhoA and MYPT-1 phosphorylation in BPH cells, and inhibits dose-dependently their IL-8-dependent invasion. The inhibition induced by elocalcitol of IL-8 production by BPH cells is accompanied by decreased COX-2 expression and PGE(2) production and by arrest of NF-kappaB p65 nuclear translocation, associated with inhibition of the RhoA/ROCK pathway. CONCLUSIONS These data provide a mechanistic explanation for the anti-proliferative and anti-inflammatory properties of elocalcitol in BPH cells.
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Pedrazzoli R, Onolfo S, Colli E, Scaglia E, Carnevale G, Bartoli E. 6.11 Prevalence of Glycaemic Alteration in Hypertensive Subjects with Cardiac Hypertrophy. High Blood Press Cardiovasc Prev 2008. [DOI: 10.1007/bf03263658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
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Morelli A, Squecco R, Failli P, Filippi S, Vignozzi L, Chavalmane AK, Fibbi B, Mancina R, Luciani G, Gacci M, Colli E, Francini F, Adorini L, Maggi M. The vitamin D receptor agonist elocalcitol upregulates L-type calcium channel activity in human and rat bladder. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2008; 294:C1206-14. [PMID: 18353900 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.90634.2007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Human bladder contraction mainly depends on Ca2+ influx via L-type voltage-gated Ca2+ channels and on RhoA/Rho kinase contractile signaling, which is upregulated in overactive bladder (OAB). Elocalcitol is a vitamin D receptor agonist inhibiting RhoA/Rho kinase signaling in rat and human bladder. Since in the normal bladder from Sprague-Dawley rats elocalcitol treatment delayed the carbachol-induced contraction without changing maximal responsiveness and increased sensitivity to the L-type Ca2+ channel antagonist isradipine, we investigated whether elocalcitol upregulated L-type Ca2+ channels in human bladder smooth muscle cells (hBCs). In hBCs, elocalcitol induced a rapid increase in intracellular [Ca2+], which was abrogated by the L-type Ca2+ channel antagonist verapamil. Moreover, hBCs exhibited L-type voltage-activated Ca2+ currents (I Ca), which were selectively blocked by isradipine and verapamil and enhanced by the selective L-type agonist BAY K 8644. Addition of elocalcitol (10(-7) M) increased L-type I Ca size and specific conductance by inducing faster activation and inactivation kinetics than control and BAY K 8644, while determining a significant negative shift of the activation and inactivation curves, comparable to BAY K 8644. These effects were strengthened in long-term treated hBCs with elocalcitol (10(-8) M, 48 h), which also showed increased mRNA and protein expression of pore-forming L-type alpha(1C)-subunit. In the bladder from Sprague-Dawley rats, BAY K 8644 induced a dose-dependent increase in tension, which was significantly enhanced by elocalcitol treatment (30 microg.kg(-1).day(-1), 2 wk). In conclusion, elocalcitol upregulated Ca2+ entry through L-type Ca2+ channels in hBCs, thus balancing its inhibitory effect on RhoA/Rho kinase signaling and suggesting its possible efficacy for the modulation of bladder contractile mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annamaria Morelli
- Department of Clinical Physiopathology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
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Fibbi B, Morelli A, Marini M, Zhang XH, Mancina R, Vignozzi L, Filippi S, Chavalmane A, Silvestrini E, Colli E, Adorini L, Vannelli GB, Maggi M. Atorvastatin but not elocalcitol increases sildenafil responsiveness in spontaneously hypertensive rats by regulating the RhoA/ROCK pathway. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 29:70-84. [PMID: 17699803 DOI: 10.2164/jandrol.107.003152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) are characterized by impaired erectile function and overactivity of the procontractile RhoA/Rho-associated, coiled-coil-containing protein kinase (RhoA/ROCK) pathway, as compared with their normotensive counterpart, Wistar-Kyoto rats. By measuring the intracavernous pressure:mean arterial pressure (ICP:MAP) ratio after electrostimulation of the cavernous nerve, we confirmed these findings and showed that responsiveness to sildenafil (25 mg/kg by oral gavage) also is hampered in SHR. A 2-week treatment with atorvastatin (5 and 30 mg/kg) improved the sildenafil-induced ICP:MAP increase and normalized RhoA and ROCK2 overexpression in SHR corpora cavernosa (CC). Conversely, other genes, neuronal nitric oxide synthase (NOS), endothelial NOS, and phosphodiesterase 5, were unaffected. In human fetal smooth muscle cells derived from CC (hfPSMC), atorvastatin inhibited RhoA membrane translocation and ROCK activity, as well as RhoA-dependent biologic functions like cell migration and cell proliferation. Atorvastatin's effect on migration was rescued in a dose-dependent manner by geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate, suggesting the involvement of RhoA geranylgeranylation. In hfPSMC, atorvastatin decreased the expression of RhoA-dependent genes such as ROCK2, desmin, alpha-smooth muscle actin, SM22alpha, and myocardin. In contrast to atorvastatin, elocalcitol, a vitamin D analog that also interferes with RhoA activation in SHR bladder, was unable to restore penile responsiveness to sildenafil. In conclusion, atorvastatin, but not elocalcitol, ameliorates sildenafil-induced penile erections in SHR, likely by interfering with RhoA/ROCK signaling within the penis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benedetta Fibbi
- Andrology Unit, Department of Clinical Physiopathology, University of Florence, V.le G. Pieraccini, 6, 50139 Florence, Italy
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Colli E, Parazzini F, Olivieri L, Cipriani S, Bertozzi R, Meschia M, Montorsi F. Number of Daytime Micturitions and Volume Voided per Micturition in the Evaluation of Efficacy of Drugs for Overactive Bladder: Findings from Randomized Clinical Trials. Eur Urol 2007; 52:525-30. [PMID: 17449169 DOI: 10.1016/j.eururo.2007.03.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2006] [Accepted: 03/26/2007] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To analyze the relationship between mean volume voided per micturition and number of daytime micturitions. METHODS We reviewed data from randomized clinical trials on the medical treatment of overactive bladder published in the international literature between 1997 and 2004. Fourteen studies including data on these two parameters were identified. RESULTS Six studies compared tolterodine with placebo, two tolterodine and oxybutynin with placebo, two tolterodine with oxybutynin, two solifenacin and tolterodine with placebo, one oxybutynin CR with oxybutynin IR, and one different doses of solifenacin. The correlation between the percent change in the mean voided volume and in the number of daytime micturitions was assessed using the Spearman rank correlation coefficient (r), with r=-0.67 for all the studies. For groups of patients treated with each drug, we found r=-0.09 for oxybutynin, r=-0.59 for tolterodine, r=-0.85 for solifenacin, and r=-0.34 for placebo. CONCLUSION The results of this analysis suggest that in the evaluation of the efficacy of a drug for overactive bladder, the mean volume voided per micturition may be a useful measure of efficacy.
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