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Strålin K, Wahlström E, Walther S, Bennet-Bark AM, Heurgren M, Lindén T, Holm J, Hanberger H. Mortality in hospitalized COVID-19 patients was associated with the COVID-19 admission rate during the first year of the pandemic in Sweden. Infect Dis (Lond) 2021; 54:145-151. [PMID: 34612774 DOI: 10.1080/23744235.2021.1983643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Studies from the first pandemic wave found associations between COVID-19 hospital load and mortality. Here, we aimed to study if mortality of hospitalized COVID-19 patients was associated with the COVID-19 admission rate during a full year of the pandemic in Sweden. METHOD Observational review of all patients admitted to hospital with COVID-19 in Sweden between March 2020 and February 2021 (n = 42,017). Primary outcome was 60-day all-cause mortality related to number of COVID-19 hospital admissions per month/100,000 inhabitants. Poisson regression was used to estimate the relative risk for death by month of admission, adjusting for pre-existing factors. RESULTS The overall mortality was 17.4%. Excluding March 2020, mortality was clearly correlated to the number of COVID-19 admissions per month (coefficient of correlation ρ=.96; p<.0001). After adjustment for pre-existing factors, the correlation remained significant (ρ=.75, p=.02). Patients admitted in December (high admission rate and high mortality) had more comorbidities and longer hospital stays, and patients treated in intensive care units (ICU) had longer pre-ICU hospital stays and worse respiratory status on ICU admission than those admitted in July to September (low admission rate and low mortality). CONCLUSION Mortality in hospitalized COVID-19 patients was clearly associated with the COVID-19 admission rate. Admission of healthier patients between pandemic waves and delayed ICU care during wave peaks could contribute to this pattern. The study supports measures to flatten-the-curve to reduce the number of COVID-19 patients admitted to hospital.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristoffer Strålin
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Medicine, Huddinge, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.,Infectious Diseases Section, National Programme for Evidence-based Healthcare Management: Sweden's Regions in Collaboration, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Erik Wahlström
- Department of Registers and Statistics, National Board of Health and Welfare, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sten Walther
- Swedish Intensive Care Register, Värmland County Council, Karlstad, Sweden.,Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Heart Centre, Linköping University Hospital, Linköping, Sweden.,Department of Health, Medicine, and Caring Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Anna M Bennet-Bark
- Department of Registers and Statistics, National Board of Health and Welfare, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mona Heurgren
- Department of Registers and Statistics, National Board of Health and Welfare, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Thomas Lindén
- Department for Knowledge-Based Policy of Health Care, National Board of Health and Welfare, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Johanna Holm
- Department of Registers and Statistics, National Board of Health and Welfare, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Håkan Hanberger
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Division of Inflammation and Infection, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.,Department of Infectious Diseases, Linköping University Hospital, Linköping, Sweden
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Strålin K, Wahlström E, Walther S, Bennet-Bark AM, Heurgren M, Lindén T, Holm J, Hanberger H. Mortality trends among hospitalised COVID-19 patients in Sweden: A nationwide observational cohort study. Lancet Reg Health Eur 2021; 4:100054. [PMID: 33997829 PMCID: PMC7907732 DOI: 10.1016/j.lanepe.2021.100054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is important to know if mortality among hospitalised COVID-19 patients has changed as the pandemic has progressed. The aim of this study was to describe the dynamics over time of mortality among patients hospitalised for COVID-19 in Sweden, using nationwide data compiled by the Swedish National Board of Health and Welfare. METHODS Observational cohort study where all patients hospitalised in Sweden between March 1 and September 30, 2020, with SARS-CoV-2 RNA positivity 14 days before to 5 days after admission and a discharge code for COVID-19 were included. Outcome was 60-day all-cause mortality. Patients were categorised according to month of hospital admission. Poisson regression was used to estimate the relative risk of death by month of admission, adjusting for, age, sex, comorbidities, care dependency, country of birth, healthcare region, and Simplified Acute Physiology, version 3 (patients in intensive care units; ICU). FINDINGS A total of 17,140 patients were included, of which 2943 died within 60 days of admission. The overall 60-day mortality was thus 17·2% (95% CI, 16·6%-17·7%), and it decreased from 24·7% (95% CI, 23·0%-26·5%) in March to 10·4% (95% CI, 8·9%-12·1%) post-wave (July-September). Adjusted relative risk (RR) of death was 0·46 (95% CI, 0·39-0·54) post-wave, using March as reference. Corresponding RR for patients not admitted to ICU and those admitted to ICU were 0·49 (95% CI, 0·42-0·59) and 0·49 (95% CI, 0·33-0·72), respectively. The proportion of patients admitted to ICU decreased from 19·4% (95% CI, 17·9%-21·1%) in the March cohort to 8·9% (95% CI, 7·5%-10·6%) post-wave. INTERPRETATION There was a gradual decline in mortality during the spring of 2020 in Swedish hospitalised COVID-19 patients, independent of baseline patient characteristics. Future research is needed to explain the reasons for this decline. The changing COVID-19 mortality should be taken into account when management and results of studies from the first pandemic wave are evaluated. FUNDING This study was funded by Sweden's National Board of Health and Welfare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristoffer Strålin
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Medicine, Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- National Program Area for Infectious Diseases, National System for Knowledge-Driven Management within Healthcare, Sweden's Regions in Collaboration, Sweden
| | | | - Sten Walther
- Swedish Intensive Care Registry, Värmland County Council, Karlstad, Sweden
- Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Heart Centre, Linköping University Hospital, Linköping, Sweden
- Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | | | | | | | | | - Håkan Hanberger
- Division of Inflammation and Infection, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Linköping University, SE-581 83 Linköping, Sweden
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Region Östergötland, Sweden
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Håkonsen V, Singh G, De Toro JA, Normile PS, Wahlström E, He J, Zhang Z. Reconfigurable Mechanical Anisotropy in Self-Assembled Magnetic Superstructures. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2021; 8:2002683. [PMID: 33898170 PMCID: PMC8061348 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202002683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Revised: 12/27/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Enhancement of mechanical properties in self-assembled superstructures of magnetic nanoparticles is a new emerging aspect of their remarkable collective behavior. However, how magnetic interactions modulate mechanical properties is, to date, not fully understood. Through a comprehensive Monte Carlo investigation, this study demonstrates how the mechanical properties of self-assembled magnetic nanocubes can be controlled intrinsically by the nanoparticle magnetocrystalline anisotropy (MA), as well as by the superstructure shape anisotropy, without any need for changes in structural design (i.e., nanoparticle size, shape, and packing arrangement). A low MA-to-dipolar energy ratio, as found in iron oxide and permalloy systems, favors isotropic mechanical superstructure stabilization, whereas a high ratio yields magnetically blocked nanoparticle macrospins which can give rise to metastable superferromagnetism, as expected in cobalt ferrite simple cubic supercrystals. Such full parallel alignment of the particle moments is shown to induce mechanical anisotropy, where the superior high-strength axis can be remotely reconfigured by means of an applied magnetic field. The new concepts developed here pave the way for the experimental realization of smart magneto-micromechanical systems (based, e.g., on the permanent super-magnetostriction effect illustrated here) and inspire new design rules for applied functional materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verner Håkonsen
- NTNU Nanomechanical LabDepartment of Structural EngineeringNorwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU)Trondheim7491Norway
| | - Gurvinder Singh
- School of Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of SydneySydneyNSW2008Australia
- Sydney Nano InstituteUniversity of SydneySydneyNSW2008Australia
| | - José A. De Toro
- Instituto Regional de Investigación Científica Aplicada (IRICA) and Departamento de Física AplicadaUniversidad de Castilla‐La ManchaCiudad Real13071Spain
| | - Peter S. Normile
- Instituto Regional de Investigación Científica Aplicada (IRICA) and Departamento de Física AplicadaUniversidad de Castilla‐La ManchaCiudad Real13071Spain
| | - Erik Wahlström
- Center for Quantum SpintronicsDepartment of PhysicsNorwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU)Trondheim7491Norway
| | - Jianying He
- NTNU Nanomechanical LabDepartment of Structural EngineeringNorwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU)Trondheim7491Norway
| | - Zhiliang Zhang
- NTNU Nanomechanical LabDepartment of Structural EngineeringNorwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU)Trondheim7491Norway
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Norman M, Källén K, Wahlström E, Håkansson S, Skiöld B, Navér L, Domellöf M, Abrahamsson T, Stigson L, Thernström Blomqvist Y, Nyholm A, Holmström G, Björklund L, Wallin‐Gyökeres A. The Swedish Neonatal Quality Register - contents, completeness and validity. Acta Paediatr 2019; 108:1411-1418. [PMID: 31006126 DOI: 10.1111/apa.14823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Revised: 03/07/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIM To describe the Swedish Neonatal Quality Register (SNQ) and to determine its completeness and agreement with other registers. METHODS SNQ collects data for infants admitted to neonatal units during the first four postnatal weeks. Completeness and registers' agreement were determined cross-linking SNQ data with Swedish population registers (the Inpatient, Medical Birth and Cause of Death Registers) for a study period of five years. RESULTS In total, 84 712 infants were hospitalised. A total of 52 806 infants occurred in both SNQ and the population registers; 28 692 were only found in the population registers, and 3214 infants were only found in SNQ. Between gestational weeks 24-34, completeness of SNQ was 98-99%. Below and above these gestational ages, completeness was lower. Infants missing in SNQ were term or near-term in 99% of the cases, and their diagnoses indicated conditions managed in maternity units, or re-admissions for acute infections, managed in paediatric units. For most diagnoses, the agreement between SNQ and population registers was high, but some (bronchopulmonary dysplasia and grade of hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy) were often missing in the population registers. CONCLUSION SNQ completeness and agreement against other registers, especially for preterm infants, is excellent. SNQ is a valid tool for benchmarking, quality improvement and research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikael Norman
- Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology Division of Pediatrics Karolinska Institutet Stockholm Sweden
- Department of Neonatal Medicine Karolinska University Hospital Stockholm Sweden
- Swedish Neonatal Quality Register (SNQ) Västerbotten county council Umeå Sweden
| | - Karin Källén
- Swedish Neonatal Quality Register (SNQ) Västerbotten county council Umeå Sweden
- Centre for Reproductive Epidemiology Lund University Lund Sweden
| | | | - Stellan Håkansson
- Swedish Neonatal Quality Register (SNQ) Västerbotten county council Umeå Sweden
- Department of Clinical Sciences Division of Pediatrics Umeå University Umeå Sweden
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Song F, Wells JW, Jiang Z, Saxegaard M, Wahlström E. Low-temperature growth of bismuth thin films with (111) facet on highly oriented pyrolytic graphite. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2015; 7:8525-8532. [PMID: 25849866 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b00264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The epitaxial growth of artificial two-dimensional metals at interfaces plays a key role in fabricating heterostructures for nanoelectronics. Here, we present the growth of bismuth nanostructures on highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) under ultrahigh vacuum (UHV) conditions, which was investigated thoroughly by a combination of scanning tunneling microscopy (STM), ultraviolet photoemission spectroscopy (UPS), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and low energy electron diffraction (LEED). It was found that (111)-oriented bilayers are formed on as-cleaved high-quality HOPG at 140 K, which opens the possibility of making Bi(111) thin films on a semimetal, and this is a notable step forward from the earlier studies, which show that only Bi(110) facets could be formed at ultrathin thickness at room temperature. XPS investigation of both C 1s and Bi 4f reflects the rather weak bonding between the Bi film and the HOPG substrate and suggests a quasi layer-by-layer growth mode of Bi nanostructures on HOPG at low temperature. Moreover, the evolution of the valence band of the interface is recorded by UPS, and a transition from quantum well states to bulk-like features is observed at varying film thickness. Unlike semimetallic bulk bismuth, ultrathin Bi(111) films are expected to be topological insulators. Our study may therefore pave the way for the generation of high quality Bi nanostructures to be used in spin electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Song
- †Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201204, China
- ‡Department of Physics, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, N-7030, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Justin W Wells
- ‡Department of Physics, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, N-7030, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Zheng Jiang
- †Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201204, China
| | - Magne Saxegaard
- ‡Department of Physics, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, N-7030, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Erik Wahlström
- ‡Department of Physics, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, N-7030, Trondheim, Norway
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Abstract
The diagnostic value of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) for GH deficiency (GHD) in adults is not optimal. Molecular profiling could be used for biomarker discovery. The aim of this pilot study was to compare the serum metabolome between GHD patients and healthy controls, and identification of potential markers for diagnosis and/or for individual GH dosing. A total of ten patients with GHD, median age of 55 years and BMI of 27 kg/m(2), were compared with ten healthy age- and gender-matched controls. The serum metabolic profiles were generated using gas chromatography-coupled mass spectroscopy on fasting samples taken in the morning from the controls and at baseline and during 6 months of GH replacement in the patients with GHD. The difference in low-molecular weight compounds (LMC) distinguished the healthy controls from GHD patients. Among 285 measured metabolites, 13 were identified as being most important in differentiating GHD patients from controls. Of these, 11 could not be structurally annotated but many were classified as lipids. The difference in the LMC pattern persisted despite normalisation of IGF1 following GH replacement. GH replacement increased the levels of specific fatty acid compounds and decreased the levels of certain amino acids. No metabolite changed in response to GH treatment, to the same extent as IGF1. The measurement of 285 metabolites resulted in a unique pattern in GHD, but changes in the metabolite patterns during GH treatment were limited. The utility of metabolomics to find new markers in GHD and GH replacement remains to be further elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Höybye
- Department of EndocrinologyMetabolism and Diabetology, Karolinska University Hospital, 171 76 Stockholm, SwedenDepartment of Molecular Medicine and SurgeryKarolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden Department of EndocrinologyMetabolism and Diabetology, Karolinska University Hospital, 171 76 Stockholm, SwedenDepartment of Molecular Medicine and SurgeryKarolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Erik Wahlström
- Department of EndocrinologyMetabolism and Diabetology, Karolinska University Hospital, 171 76 Stockholm, SwedenDepartment of Molecular Medicine and SurgeryKarolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Petra Tollet-Egnell
- Department of EndocrinologyMetabolism and Diabetology, Karolinska University Hospital, 171 76 Stockholm, SwedenDepartment of Molecular Medicine and SurgeryKarolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Gunnar Norstedt
- Department of EndocrinologyMetabolism and Diabetology, Karolinska University Hospital, 171 76 Stockholm, SwedenDepartment of Molecular Medicine and SurgeryKarolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
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Song F, Monsen ÅF, Li ZS, Wells JW, Wahlström E. The layer-by-layer stoichiometry of La0.7
Sr0.3
MnO3
/SrTiO3
thin films and interfaces. SURF INTERFACE ANAL 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/sia.5240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- F. Song
- Department of Physics; Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU); Trondheim Norway
- Zernike Institute of Advanced Materials; University of Groningen; 9747 AG Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Å. F. Monsen
- Department of Physics; Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU); Trondheim Norway
| | - Z. S. Li
- Institute for the Storage Ring Facilities; University of Aarhus; Aarhus Denmark
| | - J. W. Wells
- Department of Physics; Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU); Trondheim Norway
- MAX IV Laboratory; Lund University; Lund Sweden
| | - E. Wahlström
- Department of Physics; Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU); Trondheim Norway
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Wahlström E, Ollerstam A, Sundius L, Zhang H. Use of Lung Weight as Biomarker for Assessment of Lung Toxicity in Rat Inhalation Studies. Toxicol Pathol 2013; 41:902-12. [DOI: 10.1177/0192623312470763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Subacute inhalation study (1 week or 2 weeks) is an important process for screening out inhaled compounds causing lung irritation. To investigate whether the lung weight can be used as an indicator for acute lung injury, we have analyzed retrospectively the lung weight data from 30 studies in rats exposed to dry powder inhalation. The lung weight change was correlated with lung histopathology in the majority of studies (25 of 30), showing as either both changed or both unchanged. The sensitivity and specificity of using the weight change in lungs as biomarker for predicting lung histopathology in these studies were over 80%. The pattern of lung weight change was often similar in the 1- to 2- week studies and the 4-week studies. Our analysis of covariance model showed that a study with 40 rats (5 males + 5 females/group and 4 groups) could detect lung weight change greater than 10% to 20% of control value. These results suggested that lung weight is a useful indicator for identifying acute lung toxic effect by inhaled compounds in these subacute inhalation studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik Wahlström
- Karolinska Institute, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Stockholm, Sweden
- Formerly AstraZeneca R&D, Global Safety Assessment, Sweden
| | - Anna Ollerstam
- Formerly AstraZeneca R&D, Global Safety Assessment, Sweden
- LEO Pharma A/S, Industriparken 55, 2750 Ballerup, Denmark
| | - Lena Sundius
- Formerly AstraZeneca R&D, Global Safety Assessment, Sweden
- Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Hui Zhang
- Pathology Science, Global Safety Assessment, AstraZeneca R&D, Mölndal, Sweden
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Karlsson E, Forngren B, Kolmert J, Wahlström E, Gustafsson I, Dönnes P, Lindberg J. Bile acid profiling as an investigative tool for liver function and biliary toxicity. Toxicol Lett 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2012.03.191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Alm E, Slagbrand T, Åberg KM, Wahlström E, Gustafsson I, Lindberg J. Automated annotation and quantification of metabolites in 1H NMR data of biological origin. Anal Bioanal Chem 2012; 403:443-55. [PMID: 22362275 PMCID: PMC5858920 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-012-5789-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2011] [Revised: 01/19/2012] [Accepted: 01/25/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
In (1)H NMR metabolomic datasets, there are often over a thousand peaks per spectrum, many of which change position drastically between samples. Automatic alignment, annotation, and quantification of all the metabolites of interest in such datasets have not been feasible. In this work we propose a fully automated annotation and quantification procedure which requires annotation of metabolites only in a single spectrum. The reference database built from that single spectrum can be used for any number of (1)H NMR datasets with a similar matrix. The procedure is based on the generalized fuzzy Hough transform (GFHT) for alignment and on Principal-components analysis (PCA) for peak selection and quantification. We show that we can establish quantities of 21 metabolites in several (1)H NMR datasets and that the procedure is extendable to include any number of metabolites that can be identified in a single spectrum. The procedure speeds up the quantification of previously known metabolites and also returns a table containing the intensities and locations of all the peaks that were found and aligned but not assigned to a known metabolite. This enables both biopattern analysis of known metabolites and data mining for new potential biomarkers among the unknowns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik Alm
- Stockholm University, Dept. of Analytical Chemistry, BioSysteMetrics Group, SE-106 91, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tove Slagbrand
- Stockholm University, Dept. of Analytical Chemistry, BioSysteMetrics Group, SE-106 91, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - K. Magnus Åberg
- Stockholm University, Dept. of Analytical Chemistry, BioSysteMetrics Group, SE-106 91, Stockholm, Sweden
- AstraZeneca R&D Södertälje, Safety Assessment, Molecular Toxicology, SE-151 85, Södertälje, Sweden
| | - Erik Wahlström
- AstraZeneca R&D Södertälje, Safety Assessment, Molecular Toxicology, SE-151 85, Södertälje, Sweden
| | - Ingela Gustafsson
- AstraZeneca R&D Södertälje, Safety Assessment, Molecular Toxicology, SE-151 85, Södertälje, Sweden
| | - Johan Lindberg
- AstraZeneca R&D Södertälje, Safety Assessment, Molecular Toxicology, SE-151 85, Södertälje, Sweden
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Björk Y, Smith-Knutsson E, Ankarberg-Lindgren C, Bergmark K, Wahlström E, Broman AK, Anderson H, Andersson PO, Brune M. Contribution of Graft-Versus-Host Disease to Androgen Deficiency in Women After Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation? Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbmt.2011.12.219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Gustavsson C, Soga T, Wahlström E, Vesterlund M, Azimi A, Norstedt G, Tollet-Egnell P. Sex-dependent hepatic transcripts and metabolites in the development of glucose intolerance and insulin resistance in Zucker diabetic fatty rats. J Mol Endocrinol 2011; 47:129-43. [PMID: 21673048 DOI: 10.1530/jme-11-0007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Male Zucker diabetic fatty (mZDF) rats spontaneously develop type 2 diabetes, whereas females only become diabetic when fed a diabetogenic high-fat diet (high-fat-fed female ZDF rat, HF-fZDF). The aim of this study was to investigate if differences in liver functions could provide clues to this sex difference. Non-diabetic obese fZDF rats were compared with either mZDF or HF-fZDF regarding hepatic molecular profiles, to single out those components that might be protective in the females. High-fat feeding in fZDF led to enhanced weight gain, increased blood glucose and insulin levels, reduced insulin sensitivity and a trend towards reduced glucose tolerance, indicative of a prediabetic state. mZDF rats were diabetic, with low levels of insulin, high levels of glucose, reduced insulin sensitivity and impaired glucose tolerance. Transcript profiling and capillary electrophoresis time-of-flight mass spectrometry were used to indentify hepatic transcripts and metabolites that might be related to this. Many diet-induced alterations in transcript and metabolite levels in female rats were towards a 'male-like' phenotype, including reduced lipogenesis, increased fatty acid (FA) oxidation and increased oxidative stress responses. Alterations detected at the level of hepatic metabolites, indicated lower capacity for glutathione (GSH) production in male rats, and higher GSH turnover in females. Taken together, this could be interpreted as if anabolic pathways involving lipogenesis and lipid output might limit the degree of FA oxidation and oxidative stress in female rats. Together with a greater capacity to produce GSH, these hepatic sex differences might contribute to the sex-different development of diabetes in ZDF rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Gustavsson
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Gustavsson C, Yassin K, Wahlström E, Cheung L, Lindberg J, Brismar K, Ostenson CG, Norstedt G, Tollet-Egnell P. Sex-different hepaticglycogen content and glucose output in rats. BMC Biochem 2010; 11:38. [PMID: 20863371 PMCID: PMC2955586 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2091-11-38] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2010] [Accepted: 09/23/2010] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Background Genes involved in hepatic metabolism have a sex-different expression in rodents. To test whether male and female rat livers differ regarding lipid and carbohydrate metabolism, whole-genome transcript profiles were generated and these were complemented by measurements of hepatic lipid and glycogen content, fatty acid (FA) oxidation rates and hepatic glucose output (HGO). The latter was determined in perfusates from in situ perfusion of male and female rat livers. These perfusates were also analysed using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy to identify putative sex-differences in other liver-derived metabolites. Effects of insulin were monitored by analysis of Akt-phosphorylation, gene expression and HGO after s.c. insulin injections. Results Out of approximately 3 500 gene products being detected in liver, 11% were significantly higher in females, and 11% were higher in males. Many transcripts for the production of triglycerides (TG), cholesterol and VLDL particles were female-predominant, whereas genes for FA oxidation, gluconeogenesis and glycogen synthesis were male-predominant. Sex-differences in mRNA levels related to metabolism were more pronounced during mild starvation (12 h fasting), as compared to the postabsorptive state (4 h fasting). No sex-differences were observed regarding hepatic TG content, FA oxidation rates or blood levels of ketone bodies or glucose. However, males had higher hepatic glycogen content and higher HGO, as well as higher ratios of insulin to glucagon levels. Based on NMR spectroscopy, liver-derived lactate was also higher in males. HGO was inhibited by insulin in parallel with increased phosphorylation of Akt, without any sex-differences in insulin sensitivity. However, the degree of Thr172-phosphorylated AMP kinase (AMPK) was higher in females, indicating a higher degree of AMPK-dependent actions. Conclusions Taken together, males had higher ratios of insulin to glucagon levels, higher levels of glycogen, lower degree of AMPK phosphorylation, higher expression of gluconeogenic genes and higher hepatic glucose output. Possibly these sex-differences reflect a higher ability for the healthy male rat liver to respond to increased energy demands.
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Nurbo J, Roos AK, Muthas D, Wahlström E, Ericsson DJ, Lundstedt T, Unge T, Karlén A. Design, synthesis and evaluation of peptide inhibitors ofMycobacterium tuberculosis ribonucleotide reductase. J Pept Sci 2007; 13:822-32. [DOI: 10.1002/psc.906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Sävykoski T, Harju T, Paldanius M, Kuitunen H, Bloigu A, Wahlström E, Rytilä P, Kinnula V, Saikku P, Leinonen M. Chlamydia pneumoniae infection and inflammation in adults with asthma. Respiration 2004; 71:120-5. [PMID: 15031565 DOI: 10.1159/000076671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2003] [Accepted: 09/04/2003] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chlamydia pneumoniae infection and immune response to the C. pneumoniae heat shock protein 60 (CpHsp60) have been suggested to be associated with asthma. OBJECTIVES To study whether a slightly elevated C-reactive protein (CRP) level as a marker of low-grade systemic inflammation has a role in this association, we collected serum and sputum samples from 103 asthma patients with disease severity ranging from mild to moderate and from 30 healthy volunteers. METHODS IgA and IgG antibodies to C. pneumoniae elementary bodies (CpEB) and CpHsp60 were measured by enzyme immunoassay. Serum CRP levels were measured with a rapid two-site ultra-sensitive assay based on time-resolved immunofluorometry. RESULTS The asthma patients, especially those with moderate asthma, had higher serum IgA antibody levels to CpHsp60 than the healthy controls (test for trend, p = 0.05), whereas antibody levels to CpEB antigen did not differ between the study groups. CRP levels were higher in both asthma groups compared to the control group and moreover, the patients with moderate asthma had higher CRP levels than those with mild asthma (test for trend, p < 0.01). The subjects with a slightly elevated CRP level, defined as > or =1.8 mg/l, had higher CpEB IgA (p = 0.001), CpEB IgG (p = 0.008) and CpHsp60 IgA (p = 0.023) antibody levels in serum compared to the subjects with lower CRP levels. CONCLUSIONS Slightly elevated CRP levels as a marker of low-grade systemic inflammation may be associated with C. pneumoniae infection in asthma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Sävykoski
- Department of Microbiology, National Public Health Institute, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
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17
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Wahlström E, Vestergaard EK, Schaub R, Rønnau A, Vestergaard M, Laegsgaard E, Stensgaard I, Besenbacher F. Electron transfer-induced dynamics of oxygen molecules on the TiO2(110) surface. Science 2004; 303:511-3. [PMID: 14739455 DOI: 10.1126/science.1093425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Diffusion of oxygen molecules on transition metal oxide surfaces plays a vital role for the understanding of catalysis and photocatalysis on these materials. By means of time-resolved scanning tunneling microscopy, we provide evidence for a charge transfer-induced diffusion mechanism for O2 molecules adsorbed on a rutile TiO2(110) surface. The O2 hopping rate depended on the number of surface donors (oxygen vacancies), which determines the density of conduction band electrons. These results may have implications for the understanding of oxidation processes on metal oxides in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik Wahlström
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Center for Atomic-Scale Materials Physics (CAMP), and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Aarhus, DK-8000 Arhus C, Denmark
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18
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Wahlström E, Lopez N, Schaub R, Thostrup P, Rønnau A, Africh C, Laegsgaard E, Nørskov JK, Besenbacher F. Bonding of gold nanoclusters to oxygen vacancies on rutile TiO2(110). Phys Rev Lett 2003; 90:026101. [PMID: 12570557 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.90.026101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2002] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Through an interplay between scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) and density functional theory (DFT) calculations, we show that bridging oxygen vacancies are the active nucleation sites for Au clusters on the rutile TiO2(110) surface. We find that a direct correlation exists between a decrease in density of vacancies and the amount of Au deposited. From the DFT calculations we find that the oxygen vacancy is indeed the strongest Au binding site. We show both experimentally and theoretically that a single oxygen vacancy can bind 3 Au atoms on average. In view of the presented results, a new growth model for the TiO2(110) system involving vacancy-cluster complex diffusion is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Wahlström
- CAMP, iNANO and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Aarhus, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
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Schaub R, Wahlström E, Rønnau A, Lagsgaard E, Stensgaard I, Besenbacher F. Oxygen-mediated diffusion of oxygen vacancies on the TiO2(110) surface. Science 2003; 299:377-9. [PMID: 12481022 DOI: 10.1126/science.1078962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 382] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Defects such as oxygen vacancies play a crucial role in the surface properties of transition metal oxides. By means of time-resolved, high-resolution scanning tunneling microscopy, we unraveled an adsorbate-mediated diffusion mechanism of oxygen vacancies on rutile TiO2(110). Adsorbed oxygen molecules mediate vacancy diffusion through the loss of an oxygen atom to a vacancy and the sequential capture of an oxygen atom from a neighboring bridging oxygen row, leading to an anisotropic oxygen vacancy diffusion pathway perpendicular to the bridging oxygen rows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renald Schaub
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center, Department of Physics and Astronomy and CAMP, University of Aarhus, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
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20
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Huittinen T, Hahn D, Anttila T, Wahlström E, Saikku P, Leinonen M. Host immune response to Chlamydia pneumoniae heat shock protein 60 is associated with asthma. Eur Respir J 2001; 17:1078-82. [PMID: 11491147 DOI: 10.1183/09031936.01.00089001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Chlamydia pneumoniae infection has been associated with asthma. It has also been suggested that heat shock protein 60 (Hsp60) belonging to a class of highly conserved proteins may play a role in the pathogenesis of chlamydial infections. The purpose was to study whether the host immune response to C. pneumoniae Hsp60 is associated with asthma and decreased pulmonary function. An enzyme immunoassay was used to measure immunoglobulin-(Ig)A and IgG antibodies against recombinant C. pneumoniae Hsp60 and human Hsp60 in a study group consisting of 24 cases of recently symptomatic asthma and 62 nonasthmatic controls. A strong (r=0.50) and significant (p<0.001) correlation was observed between C. pneumoniae and human Hsp60 IgA antibodies, but only C. pneumoniae Hsp60 IgA antibodies were significantly associated with asthma (p = 0.02). Pulmonary function, as measured by forced expiratory volume in one second, also inversely correlated (r = -0.23, p = 0.04) with the quantity of C. pneumoniae Hsp60 IgA antibodies, suggesting an association with the severity of pulmonary obstruction. By showing an association of Chlamydia pneumoniae heat shock protein 60 immunoglobulin A antibodies with asthma, the results support the hypothesis of an association between Chlamydia pneumoniae infection and asthma and support the need for further investigations on the role of heat shock protein 60 in the pathogenesis of asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Huittinen
- National Public Health Institute, Oulu, Finland
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21
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Vitikainen M, Pummi T, Airaksinen U, Wahlström E, Wu H, Sarvas M, Kontinen VP. Quantitation of the capacity of the secretion apparatus and requirement for PrsA in growth and secretion of alpha-amylase in Bacillus subtilis. J Bacteriol 2001; 183:1881-90. [PMID: 11222585 PMCID: PMC95082 DOI: 10.1128/jb.183.6.1881-1890.2001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Regulated expression of AmyQ alpha-amylase of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens was used to examine the capacity of the protein secretion apparatus of B. subtilis. One B. subtilis cell was found to secrete maximally 10 fg of AmyQ per h. The signal peptidase SipT limits the rate of processing of the signal peptide. Another limit is set by PrsA lipoprotein. The wild-type level of PrsA was found to be 2 x 10(4) molecules per cell. Decreasing the cellular level of PrsA did not decrease the capacity of the protein translocation or signal peptide processing steps but dramatically affected secretion in a posttranslocational step. There was a linear correlation between the number of cellular PrsA molecules and the number of secreted AmyQ molecules over a wide range of prsA and amyQ expression levels. Significantly, even when amyQ was expressed at low levels, overproduction of PrsA enhanced its secretion. The finding is consistent with a reversible interaction between PrsA and AmyQ. The high cellular level of PrsA suggests a chaperone-like function. PrsA was also found to be essential for the viability of B. subtilis. Drastic depletion of PrsA resulted in altered cellular morphology and ultimately in cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Vitikainen
- Vaccine Development Laboratory, National Public Health Institute, FIN-00300 Helsinki, Finland
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22
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Andréasson B, Wahlström E, Jacobsson S, Björkholm M, Samuelsson J, Birgegård G, Wadenvik H, Kutti J. The measurement of venous haematocrit in patients with polycythaemia vera. J Intern Med 1999; 246:293-7. [PMID: 10475997 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2796.1999.00524.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In clinical practice, patients with polycythaemia vera (PV) are monitored by measurement of venous packed cell volume (PCV). However, whereas treatment recommendations are still based upon studies in which the results were obtained with the centrifuged microhaematocrit, currently in most instances automated blood cell counters are used to calculate PCV. In a group of patients with polycythaemia we therefore compared the results obtained by the microhaematocrit method with PCV calculated by haematology analysers. DESIGN The study was carried out on a prospective basis. Duplicate venous blood samples were collected. The centrifuged microhaemotocrit was obtained by using an IEC Micro-MB Centrifuge. Depending on different routine methods used in the participating hospitals, the blood cell counter PCV was calculated using Coulter STKS, Bayer Technicon H2 or H3. SETTING Patients were included from four Swedish university hospitals: Akademiska (Uppsala), Huddinge and Karolinska (Stockholm) and Sahlgrenska (Göteborg). SUBJECTS Seventy-four patients with PV and 10 patients with secondary polycythaemia were included and a total of 150 duplicate blood samples were analysed from these subjects. RESULTS In the 150 measurements the mean blood cell counter calculated PCV was 0.448 +/- 0.037; the mean for centrifuged microhaematocrit was 0.467 +/- 0. 037 and the difference between means was highly significant (P = 6.8 x 10-25). The means for centrifuged haematocrit and calculated PCV differed significantly in the groups of PV patients treated with phlebotomy only, hydroxyurea or radiophosphorous (P < 0.0001, respectively). In PV patients treated with alpha-interferon and in patients with secondary polycythaemia the difference in means did not reach statistical significance (P = 0.07 and P = 0.13, respectively). The groups of patients with MCV <80 fL and >/=80 fL both presented significant differences between means for calculated PCV and centrifuged haematocrit. CONCLUSIONS If PV patients are monitored with blood cell counter calculated PCV it appears that the therapeutic goal should be to maintain the calculated PCV below 0.43, provided the local differences in calculated PCV and centrifuged haematocrit are of the same magnitude as in this study.
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Leskelä S, Wahlström E, Kontinen VP, Sarvas M. Lipid modification of prelipoproteins is dispensable for growth but essential for efficient protein secretion in Bacillus subtilis: characterization of the Lgt gene. Mol Microbiol 1999; 31:1075-85. [PMID: 10096076 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2958.1999.01247.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
We have identified and characterized the Igt gene of Bacillus subtilis. The prelipoprotein diacylglycerol transferase enzyme (Lgt) catalyses the first reaction in lipomodification of bacterial lipoproteins. Inactivation of Igt in B. subtilis by a nonsense mutation (prs-11 mutation) or by disruption was shown here to abolish lipomodification of prelipoproteins completely, as well as the cleavage of signal peptide. However, unlike in Gram-negative bacteria, the Igt mutants of B. subtilis were fully viable. In agreement with this observation, studies of two lipoproteins, PrsA and BlaP, indicated that non-lipomodified precursors of these proteins were functional and translocated across the cytoplasmic membrane. However, there was release of both precursors from cells, resulting in a reduced level of the cell-bound form. We have shown that the reduced level of the PrsA lipoprotein, a foldase involved in protein secretion, caused impaired protein secretion, a prominent phenotype of Igt mutants. There was no indication that non-lipomodified PrsA displayed reduced activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Leskelä
- Laboratory of Vaccine Development, National Public Health Institute, Helsinki, Finland
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24
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Leskelä S, Wahlström E, Hyyryläinen HL, Jacobs M, Palva A, Sarvas M, Kontinen VP. Ecs, an ABC transporter of Bacillus subtilis: dual signal transduction functions affecting expression of secreted proteins as well as their secretion. Mol Microbiol 1999; 31:533-43. [PMID: 10027970 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2958.1999.01194.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
ecs is a three-cistron operon of Bacillus subtilis, encoding proteins with similarity to the ATPase (EcsA) and hydrophobic components (EcsB) of ABC transporters. The ecsA26 point mutation was shown to cause a strong processing defect of a secreted alpha-amylase precursor (preAmyQ) and of three other exoproteins. Northern analysis of the level of amyQ mRNA showed that ecsA26 also decreases amyQ transcription. This effect too was pleiotropic, as judged by a drastic decrease in the expression from an exoprotease promoter of a reporter protein. A knockout mutation of the ecsB cistron caused a processing defect similar to ecsA26 but, unlike ecsA26, did not affect amyQ transcription. These was also no defect in transcription in the ecsA ecsB double mutant. Thus, an intact ecsB product was required for the downregulation of amyQ by the mutant ecsA. These results suggest a dual regulatory function for Ecs, in which Ecs, possibly as part of a signal transduction mechanism, regulates some component(s) of the protein secretion apparatus as well as secretory protein transcription in a co-ordinated fashion.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Leskelä
- Vaccine Development Laboratory, National Public Health Institute, Helsinki, Finland
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25
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Lindgren S, Svensson C, Walldén L, Carlsson A, Wahlström E. Coverage-dependent frequency for Li-atom vibrations on Cu(111). Phys Rev B Condens Matter 1996; 54:10912-10916. [PMID: 9984890 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.54.10912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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26
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Idänpään-Heikkilä I, Wahlström E, Muttilainen S, Nurminen M, Käyhty H, Sarvas M, Mäkelä PH. Immunization with meningococcal class 1 outer membrane protein produced in Bacillus subtilis and reconstituted in the presence of Zwittergent or Triton X-100. Vaccine 1996; 14:886-91. [PMID: 8843630 DOI: 10.1016/0264-410x(95)00263-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Vaccines against group B meningococcal infection tested in several field trials have all been extracts of the outer membrane of the bacteria. We have developed a single component vaccine based on the class 1 outer membrane protein P1 produced in a heterologous host Bacillus subtilis, and describe here its immunizing properties. The purified and denatured protein BacP1 was solubilized in SDS, followed by addition of an excess of a second detergent (Zwittergent 3-14 or Triton X-100). Immunization of mice showed that this process led to at least partial reconstitution of the native epitopes of the P1 protein. The immunogenicity of these BacP1 detergent preparations was further improved when administered together with adjuvants (aluminium hydroxide or monophosphoryl lipid A); high titers of antibodies were thus obtained with vaccine doses as low as 2 micrograms of protein. The antibodies elicited were essentially of IgG and reactive with protective epitopes present on the surface of meningococci. The bactericidal activity of the sera showed a good correlation to antibodies of the IgG1 and IgG2 isotypes, concomitantly increased in most sera.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Idänpään-Heikkilä
- Department of Bacterial Vaccine Research and Molecular Bacteriology, National Public Health Institute, Helsinki, Finland
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27
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Idänpään-Heikkilä I, Muttilainen S, Wahlström E, Saarinen L, Leinonen M, Sarvas M, Mäkelä PH. The antibody response to a prototype liposome vaccine containing Neisseria meningitidis outer membrane protein P1 produced in Bacillus subtilis. Vaccine 1995; 13:1501-8. [PMID: 8578833 DOI: 10.1016/0264-410x(95)00101-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Monoclonal antibodies to the class 1 outer membrane protein P1 of Neisseria meningitidis B:15:P1.7,16 have been shown to be bactericidal and protective in an infant rat meningitis model. We have produced the P1 protein in Bacillus subtilis as inclusion bodies. When the purified and denatured protein (BacP1) was reconstituted with phosphatidylcholine into liposomes, native antigenic epitopes were formed. Such liposomes were reproducibly immunogenic in mice and guinea pigs at a low dose (1-10 micrograms of BacP1 protein) and without any other adjuvant. The resulting antisera contained high titers (enzyme immunoassay) of antibodies directed to native P1 epitopes exposed on the surface of meningococcal cells. The sera were also active with live N. meningitidis in bactericidal assays and protective in the infant rat meningitis model; all these activities were specific to the serosubtype of the P1 protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Idänpään-Heikkilä
- Department of Bacterial Vaccine Research and Molecular Bacteriology, National Public Health Institute, Helsinki, Finland
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28
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Zierath JR, Nolte LA, Wahlström E, Galuska D, Shepherd PR, Kahn BB, Wallberg-Henriksson H. Carrier-mediated fructose uptake significantly contributes to carbohydrate metabolism in human skeletal muscle. Biochem J 1995; 311 ( Pt 2):517-21. [PMID: 7487889 PMCID: PMC1136029 DOI: 10.1042/bj3110517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
To determine whether fructose can be utilized as a metabolic substrate for skeletal muscle in man, we investigated its incorporation into glycogen, its oxidation and lactate production in isolated human skeletal muscle. Rates of fructose oxidation and incorporation into glycogen increased in the presence of increasing fructose concentrations (0.1-1.0 mM). Lactate production increased 3-fold when extracellular fructose was increased from 0.1 to 0.5 mM. Cytochalasin B, a competitive inhibitor of hexose transport mediated by the GLUT1 and GLUT4 facilitative glucose transporters, completely inhibited insulin-stimulated glucose incorporation into glycogen and glucose oxidation (P < 0.01), but did not alter fructose incorporation into glycogen or fructose oxidation. Insulin (1000 mu-units/ml) increased glucose incorporation into glycogen 2.7-fold and glucose oxidation 2.3-fold, whereas no effect on fructose incorporation into glycogen or fructose oxidation was noted. A physiological concentration of glucose (5 mM) decreased the rate of 0.5 mM fructose incorporation into glycogen by 60% (P < 0.001), whereas fructose oxidation was not altered in the presence of 5 mM glucose. Irrespective of fructose concentration, the majority of fructose taken up underwent non-oxidative metabolism. Lactate production accounted for approx. 80% of the fructose metabolism in the basal state and approx. 70% in the insulin (1000 mu-units/ml)-stimulated state. In the presence of 5 mM glucose, physiological concentrations of fructose could account for approximately 10-30% of hexose (glucose + fructose) incorporation into glycogen under non-insulin-stimulated conditions. In conclusion, fructose appears to be transported into human skeletal muscle via a carrier-mediated system that does not involve GLUT4 or GLUT1. Furthermore, under physiological conditions, fructose can significantly contribute to carbohydrate metabolism in human skeletal muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- J R Zierath
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Karolinska Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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29
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Muttilainen S, Idänpään-Heikkilä I, Wahlström E, Nurminen M, Mäkelä PH, Sarvas M. The Neisseria meningitidis outer membrane protein P1 produced in Bacillus subtilis and reconstituted into phospholipid vesicles elicits antibodies to native P1 epitopes. Microb Pathog 1995; 18:423-36. [PMID: 8551945 DOI: 10.1006/mpat.1995.0038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Class 1 outer membrane protein (P1) of Neisseria meningitidis group B is considered a promising vaccine candidate because P1 subtype-specific antibodies have been shown to be protective in an animal model. We have previously described the production of P1 in the Gram-positive Bacillus subtilis as intracellular inclusion bodies, from which the protein (BacP1) is easily purified (Nurminen et al., Mol. Microbiol., 1992, 2499-2506). We show here that the purified BacP1 can be reconstituted into phospholipid vesicles with the formation of the native immunodominant surface epitopes. The detergent-solubilized, completely denatured BacP1 was fused with phospholipid-detergent micelles during detergent removal by dialysis or gel filtration to yield protein-lipid vesicles (liposomes). When mice were immunized with these liposomes, they produced high titers of antibodies reacting in a P1 subtype-specific manner with meningococcal cells indicating the presence of conformation-dependent P1-specific epitopes in the liposomes. The results suggest that a vaccine candidate for meningococcal disease could be developed from the BacP1-liposomes. They furthermore demonstrate the feasibility of refolding a denatured outer membrane protein, which has never been exposed to lipopolysaccharide, into a native-like conformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Muttilainen
- Department of Bacterial Vaccine Research and Molecular Bacteriology, National Public Health Institute, Helsinki, Finland
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30
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Muttilainen S, Butcher SJ, Runeberg K, Nurminen M, Idänpään-Heikkilä I, Wahlström E, Sarvas M. Heterologous production of the P1 porin of Neisseria meningitidis in bacillus subtilis: the effect of an N-terminal extension on the presentation of native-like epitopes. Microb Pathog 1995; 18:365-71. [PMID: 7476101 DOI: 10.1006/mpat.1995.0033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The major outer membrane protein P1 (class 1) of Neisseria meningitidis has been produced as inclusion bodies in Bacillus subtilis with the aim to develop a vaccine based on it. The protein produced in high yield in B. subtilis contained an N-terminal extension of 11 amino acid residues which was found to be necessary for expression in the production system. In the present study we asked whether or not the removal of this extension would effect the conformation of this protein in liposomes as judged by its immunogenic properties. A methionine was engineered in front of the mature P1 protein to provide a chemical cleavage site for CNBr to remove the extension. The CNBr-cleaved protein, complexed with phospholipids, elicited high titers of antibodies binding to the meningococcal cells similarly to the noncleaved protein. This suggests that the BacP1 protein can serve as an effective vaccine component irrespective of the presence, or absence, of this N-terminal extension.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Muttilainen
- Department of Bacterial Vaccine Research and Molecular Bacteriology, National Public Health Institute, Helsinki, Finland
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31
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Galuska D, Nolte L, Wahlström E, Smedegaard Kristensen JS, Wallberg-Henriksson H, Zierath JR. Effects of non-esterified fatty acids on insulin-stimulated glucose transport in isolated skeletal muscle from patients with type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus. Acta Diabetol 1994; 31:169-72. [PMID: 7827358 DOI: 10.1007/bf00570374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The influence of elevated levels of oleate on insulin-stimulated 3-0-methylglucose transport was assessed in vitro, in isolated skeletal muscle obtained from patients with type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus (n = 7) and control subjects (n = 8). An increase in oleate levels from 0.3 to 1.0 mmol/l induced a 3.7-fold increase in the rate of oleate oxidation (P < 0.01) in skeletal muscle from control subjects. However, the rate of insulin-stimulated 3-0-methylglucose transport was not altered in isolated skeletal muscle from the control subjects or the type 2 diabetic patients following exposure to 1.0 mmol/l oleate. This observation indicates that elevation of non-esterified fatty acids to a high physiological level has no inhibitory effect on glucose transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Galuska
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Karolinska Hospital, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
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32
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Nurminen M, Butcher S, Idänpään-Heikkilä I, Wahlström E, Muttilainen S, Runeberg-Nyman K, Sarvas M, Mäkelä PH. The class 1 outer membrane protein of Neisseria meningitidis produced in Bacillus subtilis can give rise to protective immunity. Mol Microbiol 1992; 6:2499-506. [PMID: 1406285 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2958.1992.tb01426.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The class 1 outer membrane protein of Neisseria meningitidis B:15:P1.7,16 was expressed in Bacillus subtilis in high yield as intracellular aggregates. These were easy to isolate and the protein (called BacP1) could be solubilized under denaturing conditions. Sera of mice immunized with thus-solubilized BacP1 contained high titres of antibodies that reacted with the class 1 protein of the meningococcal envelope in immunoblots but did not react with native meningococcal envelope in enzyme immunoassays (EIA) or with intact meningococci in bactericidal assays. However, when the BacP1 protein was complexed with heterologous (Salmonella) lipopolysaccharide, the ensuing sera reacted with meningococcal envelope preparations in both EIA and immunoblots, showed subtype-specific bactericidal activity, and were protective in an infant rat meningitis model.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Nurminen
- Department of Molecular Bacteriology, National Public Health Institute, Helsinki, Finland
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Zaleska M, Lounatmaa K, Nurminen M, Wahlström E, Mäkelä PH. A novel virulence-associated cell surface structure composed of 47-kd protein subunits in Yersinia enterocolitica. EMBO J 1985; 4:1013-8. [PMID: 4018036 PMCID: PMC554293 DOI: 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1985.tb03732.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
A fresh human isolate of Yersinia enterocolitica serotype 03, and its derivative that had lost the virulence-associated 46-Md plasmid, were grown under defined conditions and compared for their outer membrane protein and cell surface structure. Under these conditions, the virulent strain grown at 37 degrees C expressed one major outer membrane protein (47 kd) not present in the plasmidless strain or in either strain grown at room temperature. A 200-kd protein also seen in the same preparations was shown to be an oligomer composed of the 47-kd protein subunits. Four different electron microscopic techniques showed tack-like projections covering the surface of those bacteria that expressed the 47-kd protein. These were specifically labeled with antibody to the 47-kd protein. This surface structure appeared to mediate aggregation (auto-agglutination) of the bacteria bringing their surfaces into unusually close apposition.
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Nurminen M, Wahlström E, Kleemola M, Leinonen M, Saikku P, Mäkelä PH. Immunologically related ketodeoxyoctonate-containing structures in Chlamydia trachomatis, Re mutants of Salmonella species, and Acinetobacter calcoaceticus var. anitratus. Infect Immun 1984; 44:609-13. [PMID: 6427112 PMCID: PMC263641 DOI: 10.1128/iai.44.3.609-613.1984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The lipopolysaccharides (LPS) of Chlamydia trachomatis, Acinetobacter calcoaceticus var. anitratus, and Re mutants of Salmonella sp. were shown to share related immunodeterminants , as demonstrated by double immunodiffusion and immunoblotting from sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis gels. The cross-reactive material in the extracellular slime of A. calcoaceticus var. anitratus was shown to be released LPS. The Acinetobacter LPS was found to separate in sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis into three fractions. The cross-reactive component was the fraction migrating fastest, at a rate identical to Re-type LPS of Salmonella sp. The Acinetobacter LPS could be used as antigen in complement fixation assays performed on paired sera of patients with chlamydial pneumonia; it gave results identical to those of the chlamydial complement fixation glycolipid antigen conventionally used in such assays in 9 of 10 patients.
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