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Zhang X, Brody JA, Graff M, Highland HM, Chami N, Xu H, Wang Z, Ferrier K, Chittoor G, Josyula NS, Li X, Li Z, Allison MA, Becker DM, Bielak LF, Bis JC, Boorgula MP, Bowden DW, Broome JG, Buth EJ, Carlson CS, Chang KM, Chavan S, Chiu YF, Chuang LM, Conomos MP, DeMeo DL, Du M, Duggirala R, Eng C, Fohner AE, Freedman BI, Garrett ME, Guo X, Haiman C, Heavner BD, Hidalgo B, Hixson JE, Ho YL, Hobbs BD, Hu D, Hui Q, Hwu CM, Jackson RD, Jain D, Kalyani RR, Kardia SL, Kelly TN, Lange EM, LeNoir M, Li C, Marchand LL, McDonald MLN, McHugh CP, Morrison AC, Naseri T, O’Connell J, O’Donnell CJ, Palmer ND, Pankow JS, Perry JA, Peters U, Preuss MH, Rao D, Regan EA, Reupena SM, Roden DM, Rodriguez-Santana J, Sitlani CM, Smith JA, Tiwari HK, Vasan RS, Wang Z, Weeks DE, Wessel J, Wiggins KL, Wilkens LR, Wilson PW, Yanek LR, Yoneda ZT, Zhao W, Zöllner S, Arnett DK, Ashley-Koch AE, Barnes KC, Blangero J, Boerwinkle E, Burchard EG, Carson AP, Chasman DI, Chen YDI, Curran JE, Fornage M, Gordeuk VR, He J, Heckbert SR, Hou L, Irvin MR, Kooperberg C, Minster RL, Mitchell BD, Nouraie M, Psaty BM, Raffield LM, Reiner AP, Rich SS, Rotter JI, Shoemaker MB, Smith NL, Taylor KD, Telen MJ, Weiss ST, Zhang Y, Heard-Costa N, Sun YV, Lin X, Adrienne Cupples L, Lange LA, Liu CT, Loos RJ, North KE, Justice AE. WHOLE GENOME SEQUENCING ANALYSIS OF BODY MASS INDEX IDENTIFIES NOVEL AFRICAN ANCESTRY-SPECIFIC RISK ALLELE. medRxiv 2023:2023.08.21.23293271. [PMID: 37662265 PMCID: PMC10473809 DOI: 10.1101/2023.08.21.23293271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is a major public health crisis associated with high mortality rates. Previous genome-wide association studies (GWAS) investigating body mass index (BMI) have largely relied on imputed data from European individuals. This study leveraged whole-genome sequencing (WGS) data from 88,873 participants from the Trans-Omics for Precision Medicine (TOPMed) Program, of which 51% were of non-European population groups. We discovered 18 BMI-associated signals (P < 5 × 10-9). Notably, we identified and replicated a novel low frequency single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in MTMR3 that was common in individuals of African descent. Using a diverse study population, we further identified two novel secondary signals in known BMI loci and pinpointed two likely causal variants in the POC5 and DMD loci. Our work demonstrates the benefits of combining WGS and diverse cohorts in expanding current catalog of variants and genes confer risk for obesity, bringing us one step closer to personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinruo Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Jennifer A. Brody
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Mariaelisa Graff
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Heather M. Highland
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Nathalie Chami
- The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Hanfei Xu
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Zhe Wang
- The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kendra Ferrier
- Division of Biomedical Informatics and Personalized Medicine, School of Medicine University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | | | | | - Xihao Li
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Zilin Li
- Biostatistics and Health Data Science, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Matthew A. Allison
- Department of Family Medicine, Division of Preventive Medicine, The University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Diane M. Becker
- Department of Medicine, General Internal Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Lawrence F. Bielak
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Joshua C. Bis
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Donald W. Bowden
- Department of Biochemistry, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Jai G. Broome
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Genetics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Erin J. Buth
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Christopher S. Carlson
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Kyong-Mi Chang
- The Corporal Michael J. Crescenz VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Sameer Chavan
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Yen-Feng Chiu
- Institute of Population Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Lee-Ming Chuang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Metabolism/Endocrinology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Matthew P. Conomos
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Dawn L. DeMeo
- Department of Medicine, Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Margaret Du
- Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ravindranath Duggirala
- Life Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Texas A&M University-San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Celeste Eng
- Department of Medicine, Lung Biology Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Alison E. Fohner
- Epidemiology, Institute of Public Health Genetics, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Barry I. Freedman
- Internal Medicine, Section on Nephrology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Melanie E. Garrett
- Department of Medicine, Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Xiuqing Guo
- Department of Pediatrics, Genomic Outcomes, The Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - Chris Haiman
- Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Benjamin D. Heavner
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Bertha Hidalgo
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Public Health, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - James E. Hixson
- Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics and Environmental Sciences, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Yuk-Lam Ho
- Veterans Affairs Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Brian D. Hobbs
- Department of Medicine, Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Donglei Hu
- Department of Medicine, Lung Biology Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Qin Hui
- Department of Epidemiology, Emory University Rollins School of Public Health, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Atlanta VA Health Care System, Decatur, GA, USA
| | - Chii-Min Hwu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, Taiwan
| | | | - Deepti Jain
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Rita R. Kalyani
- Department of Medicine, Endocrinology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Sharon L.R. Kardia
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Tanika N. Kelly
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Ethan M. Lange
- Division of Biomedical Informatics and Personalized Medicine, School of Medicine University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Michael LeNoir
- Department of Pediatrics, Bay Area Pediatrics, Oakland, CA, USA
| | - Changwei Li
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Loic Le. Marchand
- Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Merry-Lynn N. McDonald
- Department of Medicine, Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Caitlin P. McHugh
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Alanna C. Morrison
- Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics and Environmental Sciences, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Take Naseri
- Ministry of Health, Government of Samoa, Apia, Samoa
| | | | - Jeffrey O’Connell
- Department of Medicine, Program for Personalized and Genomic Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Christopher J. O’Donnell
- Veterans Affairs Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nicholette D. Palmer
- Department of Biochemistry, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - James S. Pankow
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - James A. Perry
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ulrike Peters
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Michael H. Preuss
- The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - D.C. Rao
- Division of Biostatistics, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Elizabeth A. Regan
- Department of Medicine, Rheumatology, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, USA
| | | | - Dan M. Roden
- Medicine, Pharmacology, and Biomedical Informatics, Clinical Pharmacology and Cardiovascular Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | | | - Colleen M. Sitlani
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jennifer A. Smith
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Survey Research Center, Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Hemant K. Tiwari
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Public Health, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | | | - Zeyuan Wang
- Department of Epidemiology, Emory University Rollins School of Public Health, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Daniel E. Weeks
- Department of Human Genetics, School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Jennifer Wessel
- Department of Epidemiology, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Diabaetes Translational Research Center, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Kerri L. Wiggins
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Lynne R. Wilkens
- Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Peter W.F. Wilson
- Atlanta VA Health Care System, Decatur, GA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Lisa R. Yanek
- Department of Medicine, General Internal Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Zachary T. Yoneda
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Wei Zhao
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Survey Research Center, Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Sebastian Zöllner
- Department of Biostatistics, Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Donna K. Arnett
- Department of Epidemiology, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Allison E. Ashley-Koch
- Department of Medicine, Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Kathleen C. Barnes
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - John Blangero
- Human Genetics and South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Brownsville, TX, USA
| | - Eric Boerwinkle
- Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics and Environmental Sciences, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Esteban G. Burchard
- Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences and Medicine, Lung Biology Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - April P. Carson
- Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi, Jackson, MI, USA
| | - Daniel I. Chasman
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yii-Der Ida Chen
- Department of Medical Genetics, Genomic Outcomes, Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - Joanne E. Curran
- Department of Human Genetics and South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Brownsville, TX, USA
| | - Myriam Fornage
- Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics and Environmental Sciences, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
- Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Victor R. Gordeuk
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jiang He
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Susan R. Heckbert
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Lifang Hou
- Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Marguerite R. Irvin
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Public Health, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Charles Kooperberg
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Ryan L. Minster
- Department of Human Genetics, School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Braxton D. Mitchell
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Mehdi Nouraie
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Bruce M. Psaty
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Health Systems and Population Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Laura M. Raffield
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | | | - Stephen S. Rich
- Public Health Science, Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Jerome I. Rotter
- Department of Pediatrics, Genomic Outcomes, The Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - M. Benjamin Shoemaker
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Nicholas L. Smith
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Kaiser Permanente Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Seattle Epidemiologic Research and Information Center, Office of Research and Development, Department of Veterans Affairs, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Kent D. Taylor
- Department of Pediatrics, Genomic Outcomes, The Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - Marilyn J. Telen
- Department of Medicine, Hematology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Scott T. Weiss
- Department of Medicine, Channing Division of Network Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yingze Zhang
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Nancy Heard-Costa
- Framingham Heart Study, School of Medicine, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yan V. Sun
- Department of Epidemiology, Emory University Rollins School of Public Health, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Atlanta VA Health Care System, Decatur, GA, USA
| | - Xihong Lin
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Statistics, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - L. Adrienne Cupples
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Leslie A. Lange
- Division of Biomedical Informatics and Personalized Medicine, School of Medicine University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Ching-Ti Liu
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ruth J.F. Loos
- The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kari E. North
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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2
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Young KL, Fisher V, Deng X, Brody JA, Graff M, Lim E, Lin BM, Xu H, Amin N, An P, Aslibekyan S, Fohner AE, Hidalgo B, Lenzini P, Kraaij R, Medina-Gomez C, Prokić I, Rivadeneira F, Sitlani C, Tao R, van Rooij J, Zhang D, Broome JG, Buth EJ, Heavner BD, Jain D, Smith AV, Barnes K, Boorgula MP, Chavan S, Darbar D, De Andrade M, Guo X, Haessler J, Irvin MR, Kalyani RR, Kardia SLR, Kooperberg C, Kim W, Mathias RA, McDonald ML, Mitchell BD, Peyser PA, Regan EA, Redline S, Reiner AP, Rich SS, Rotter JI, Smith JA, Weiss S, Wiggins KL, Yanek LR, Arnett D, Heard-Costa NL, Leal S, Lin D, McKnight B, Province M, van Duijn CM, North KE, Cupples LA, Liu CT. Whole-exome sequence analysis of anthropometric traits illustrates challenges in identifying effects of rare genetic variants. HGG Adv 2023; 4:100163. [PMID: 36568030 PMCID: PMC9772568 DOI: 10.1016/j.xhgg.2022.100163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Anthropometric traits, measuring body size and shape, are highly heritable and significant clinical risk factors for cardiometabolic disorders. These traits have been extensively studied in genome-wide association studies (GWASs), with hundreds of genome-wide significant loci identified. We performed a whole-exome sequence analysis of the genetics of height, body mass index (BMI) and waist/hip ratio (WHR). We meta-analyzed single-variant and gene-based associations of whole-exome sequence variation with height, BMI, and WHR in up to 22,004 individuals, and we assessed replication of our findings in up to 16,418 individuals from 10 independent cohorts from Trans-Omics for Precision Medicine (TOPMed). We identified four trait associations with single-nucleotide variants (SNVs; two for height and two for BMI) and replicated the LECT2 gene association with height. Our expression quantitative trait locus (eQTL) analysis within previously reported GWAS loci implicated CEP63 and RFT1 as potential functional genes for known height loci. We further assessed enrichment of SNVs, which were monogenic or syndromic variants within loci associated with our three traits. This led to the significant enrichment results for height, whereas we observed no Bonferroni-corrected significance for all SNVs. With a sample size of ∼20,000 whole-exome sequences in our discovery dataset, our findings demonstrate the importance of genomic sequencing in genetic association studies, yet they also illustrate the challenges in identifying effects of rare genetic variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin L Young
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27516, USA
| | - Virginia Fisher
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Boston University, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Xuan Deng
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Boston University, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Jennifer A Brody
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98101, USA
| | - Misa Graff
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27516, USA
| | - Elise Lim
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Boston University, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Bridget M Lin
- Department of Biostatistics, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27516, USA
| | - Hanfei Xu
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Boston University, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Najaf Amin
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam 3015CN, the Netherlands
| | - Ping An
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Stella Aslibekyan
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Alison E Fohner
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98101, USA.,Institute for Public Health Genetics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98101, USA
| | - Bertha Hidalgo
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Petra Lenzini
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Robert Kraaij
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam 3015CN, the Netherlands
| | - Carolina Medina-Gomez
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam 3015CN, the Netherlands
| | - Ivana Prokić
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam 3015CN, the Netherlands
| | - Fernando Rivadeneira
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam 3015CN, the Netherlands
| | - Colleen Sitlani
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98101, USA
| | - Ran Tao
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.,Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Jeroen van Rooij
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam 3015CN, the Netherlands
| | - Di Zhang
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jai G Broome
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105, USA.,Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105, USA
| | - Erin J Buth
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105, USA
| | - Benjamin D Heavner
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105, USA
| | - Deepti Jain
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105, USA
| | - Albert V Smith
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Kathleen Barnes
- Division of Biomedical Informatics and Personalized Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.,Tempus Labs, Chicago, IL 60654, USA
| | - Meher Preethi Boorgula
- Division of Biomedical Informatics and Personalized Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Sameer Chavan
- Division of Biomedical Informatics and Personalized Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Dawood Darbar
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Mariza De Andrade
- Health Quantitative Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Xiuqing Guo
- The Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - Jeffrey Haessler
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Marguerite R Irvin
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Rita R Kalyani
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Sharon L R Kardia
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Charles Kooperberg
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Wonji Kim
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Rasika A Mathias
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Merry-Lynn McDonald
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | | | - Patricia A Peyser
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | | | - Susan Redline
- Department of Medicine, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alexander P Reiner
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98101, USA.,Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Stephen S Rich
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Jerome I Rotter
- The Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - Jennifer A Smith
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Scott Weiss
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kerri L Wiggins
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Lisa R Yanek
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Donna Arnett
- College of Public Health, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | | | - Suzanne Leal
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Danyu Lin
- Department of Biostatistics, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27516, USA
| | - Barbara McKnight
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105, USA
| | - Michael Province
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | | | - Kari E North
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27516, USA
| | - L Adrienne Cupples
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Boston University, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Ching-Ti Liu
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Boston University, Boston, MA 02118, USA
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Stilp AM, Emery LS, Broome JG, Buth EJ, Khan AT, Laurie CA, Wang FF, Wong Q, Chen D, D’Augustine CM, Heard-Costa NL, Hohensee CR, Johnson WC, Juarez LD, Liu J, Mutalik KM, Raffield LM, Wiggins KL, de Vries PS, Kelly TN, Kooperberg C, Natarajan P, Peloso GM, Peyser PA, Reiner AP, Arnett DK, Aslibekyan S, Barnes KC, Bielak LF, Bis JC, Cade BE, Chen MH, Correa A, Cupples LA, de Andrade M, Ellinor PT, Fornage M, Franceschini N, Gan W, Ganesh SK, Graffelman J, Grove ML, Guo X, Hawley NL, Hsu WL, Jackson RD, Jaquish CE, Johnson AD, Kardia SLR, Kelly S, Lee J, Mathias RA, McGarvey ST, Mitchell BD, Montasser ME, Morrison AC, North KE, Nouraie SM, Oelsner EC, Pankratz N, Rich SS, Rotter JI, Smith JA, Taylor KD, Vasan RS, Weeks DE, Weiss ST, Wilson CG, Yanek LR, Psaty BM, Heckbert SR, Laurie CC. A System for Phenotype Harmonization in the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Trans-Omics for Precision Medicine (TOPMed) Program. Am J Epidemiol 2021; 190:1977-1992. [PMID: 33861317 PMCID: PMC8485147 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwab115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Genotype-phenotype association studies often combine phenotype data from multiple studies to increase statistical power. Harmonization of the data usually requires substantial effort due to heterogeneity in phenotype definitions, study design, data collection procedures, and data-set organization. Here we describe a centralized system for phenotype harmonization that includes input from phenotype domain and study experts, quality control, documentation, reproducible results, and data-sharing mechanisms. This system was developed for the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute's Trans-Omics for Precision Medicine (TOPMed) program, which is generating genomic and other -omics data for more than 80 studies with extensive phenotype data. To date, 63 phenotypes have been harmonized across thousands of participants (recruited in 1948-2012) from up to 17 studies per phenotype. Here we discuss challenges in this undertaking and how they were addressed. The harmonized phenotype data and associated documentation have been submitted to National Institutes of Health data repositories for controlled access by the scientific community. We also provide materials to facilitate future harmonization efforts by the community, which include 1) the software code used to generate the 63 harmonized phenotypes, enabling others to reproduce, modify, or extend these harmonizations to additional studies, and 2) the results of labeling thousands of phenotype variables with controlled vocabulary terms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrienne M Stilp
- Correspondence to Dr. Adrienne Stilp, Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Box 359461, Seattle, WA 98195 (e-mail: )
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4
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Bick AG, Weinstock JS, Nandakumar SK, Fulco CP, Bao EL, Zekavat SM, Szeto MD, Liao X, Leventhal MJ, Nasser J, Chang K, Laurie C, Burugula BB, Gibson CJ, Niroula A, Lin AE, Taub MA, Aguet F, Ardlie K, Mitchell BD, Barnes KC, Moscati A, Fornage M, Redline S, Psaty BM, Silverman EK, Weiss ST, Palmer ND, Vasan RS, Burchard EG, Kardia SLR, He J, Kaplan RC, Smith NL, Arnett DK, Schwartz DA, Correa A, de Andrade M, Guo X, Konkle BA, Custer B, Peralta JM, Gui H, Meyers DA, McGarvey ST, Chen IYD, Shoemaker MB, Peyser PA, Broome JG, Gogarten SM, Wang FF, Wong Q, Montasser ME, Daya M, Kenny EE, North KE, Launer LJ, Cade BE, Bis JC, Cho MH, Lasky-Su J, Bowden DW, Cupples LA, Mak ACY, Becker LC, Smith JA, Kelly TN, Aslibekyan S, Heckbert SR, Tiwari HK, Yang IV, Heit JA, Lubitz SA, Johnsen JM, Curran JE, Wenzel SE, Weeks DE, Rao DC, Darbar D, Moon JY, Tracy RP, Buth EJ, Rafaels N, Loos RJF, Durda P, Liu Y, Hou L, Lee J, Kachroo P, Freedman BI, Levy D, Bielak LF, Hixson JE, Floyd JS, Whitsel EA, Ellinor PT, Irvin MR, Fingerlin TE, Raffield LM, Armasu SM, Wheeler MM, Sabino EC, Blangero J, Williams LK, Levy BD, Sheu WHH, Roden DM, Boerwinkle E, Manson JE, Mathias RA, Desai P, Taylor KD, Johnson AD, Auer PL, Kooperberg C, Laurie CC, Blackwell TW, Smith AV, Zhao H, Lange E, Lange L, Rich SS, Rotter JI, Wilson JG, Scheet P, Kitzman JO, Lander ES, Engreitz JM, Ebert BL, Reiner AP, Jaiswal S, Abecasis G, Sankaran VG, Kathiresan S, Natarajan P. Author Correction: Inherited causes of clonal haematopoiesis in 97,691 whole genomes. Nature 2021; 591:E27. [PMID: 33707633 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-021-03280-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander G Bick
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Division of Genetic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Joshua S Weinstock
- Center for Statistical Genetics, Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Division of Genetic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Satish K Nandakumar
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital and Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Charles P Fulco
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Erik L Bao
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital and Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.,Health Sciences and Technology Program, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Seyedeh M Zekavat
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Mindy D Szeto
- Division of Biomedical Informatics and Personalized Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA.,Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Xiaotian Liao
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital and Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Joseph Nasser
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Kyle Chang
- Department of Epidemiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Cecelia Laurie
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | | | - Abhishek Niroula
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Amy E Lin
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Margaret A Taub
- Department of Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | | | - Braxton D Mitchell
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Geriatrics Research and Education Clinical Center, Baltimore Veterans Administration Medical Center, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Kathleen C Barnes
- Division of Biomedical Informatics and Personalized Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA.,Colorado Center for Personalized Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Arden Moscati
- Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Myriam Fornage
- Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA.,Human Genetics Center, School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Susan Redline
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Bruce M Psaty
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.,Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.,Department of Health Services, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.,Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Edwin K Silverman
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Scott T Weiss
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nicholette D Palmer
- Department of Biochemistry, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Ramachandran S Vasan
- Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Esteban G Burchard
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, USA
| | - Sharon L R Kardia
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Jiang He
- Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA.,Tulane University Translational Science Institute, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Robert C Kaplan
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.,Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Division of Public Health Sciences, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Nicholas L Smith
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.,Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA.,Seattle Epidemiologic Information and Research Center, Department of Veterans Affairs, Office of Research and Development, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Donna K Arnett
- College of Public Health, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | | | - Adolfo Correa
- Departments of Medicine and Population Health Science, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Mariza de Andrade
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Xiuqing Guo
- Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - Barbara A Konkle
- Bloodworks Northwest, Seattle, WA, USA.,Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Brian Custer
- Vitalant Research Institute, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Juan M Peralta
- Department of Human Genetics and South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley School of Medicine, Brownsville, TX, USA
| | - Hongsheng Gui
- Center for Individualized and Genomic Medicine Research, Department of Internal Medicine, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Deborah A Meyers
- Division of Genetics, Genomics and Precision Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Stephen T McGarvey
- Department of Epidemiology and International Health Institute, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Ida Yii-Der Chen
- Medical Genetics, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - M Benjamin Shoemaker
- Division of Cardiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Patricia A Peyser
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Jai G Broome
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Fei Fei Wang
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Quenna Wong
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - May E Montasser
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Michelle Daya
- Division of Biomedical Informatics and Personalized Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Eimear E Kenny
- Institute for Genomic Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kari E North
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Lenore J Launer
- Laboratory of Epidemiology, Demography, and Biometry, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Brian E Cade
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Division of Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Joshua C Bis
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Michael H Cho
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jessica Lasky-Su
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Donald W Bowden
- Department of Biochemistry, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - L Adrienne Cupples
- Departments of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Angel C Y Mak
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Lewis C Becker
- GeneSTAR Research Program, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jennifer A Smith
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Survey Research Center, Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Tanika N Kelly
- Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA.,Tulane University Translational Science Institute, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Stella Aslibekyan
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Susan R Heckbert
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.,Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Hemant K Tiwari
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Ivana V Yang
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - John A Heit
- Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Steven A Lubitz
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jill M Johnsen
- Bloodworks Northwest, Seattle, WA, USA.,Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Joanne E Curran
- Department of Human Genetics and South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley School of Medicine, Brownsville, TX, USA
| | - Sally E Wenzel
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Daniel E Weeks
- Departments of Human Genetics and Biostatistics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Dabeeru C Rao
- Division of Biostatistics, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Dawood Darbar
- Division of Cardiology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jee-Young Moon
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Russell P Tracy
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Erin J Buth
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Nicholas Rafaels
- Colorado Center for Personalized Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Ruth J F Loos
- Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.,Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Peter Durda
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Yongmei Liu
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Lifang Hou
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jiwon Lee
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Priyadarshini Kachroo
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Barry I Freedman
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Nephrology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Daniel Levy
- Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA.,Population Sciences Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Lawrence F Bielak
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - James E Hixson
- Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics and Environmental Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston School of Public Health, Houston, TX, USA
| | - James S Floyd
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.,Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.,Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Eric A Whitsel
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.,Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Patrick T Ellinor
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Marguerite R Irvin
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Tasha E Fingerlin
- Center for Genes Environment and Health, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Laura M Raffield
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | | | - Marsha M Wheeler
- Department of Genome Science, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Ester C Sabino
- Instituto de Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - John Blangero
- Department of Human Genetics and South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley School of Medicine, Brownsville, TX, USA
| | - L Keoki Williams
- Center for Individualized and Genomic Medicine Research, Department of Internal Medicine, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Bruce D Levy
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Wayne Huey-Herng Sheu
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Dan M Roden
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.,Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.,Department of Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Eric Boerwinkle
- Human Genetics Center, School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA.,Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - JoAnn E Manson
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Rasika A Mathias
- GeneSTAR Research Program, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Pinkal Desai
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical School, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kent D Taylor
- Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - Andrew D Johnson
- Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA.,Population Sciences Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Paul L Auer
- Joseph J. Zilber School of Public Health, University of WisconsinMilwaukee, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Charles Kooperberg
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Cathy C Laurie
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Thomas W Blackwell
- Center for Statistical Genetics, Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Albert V Smith
- Center for Statistical Genetics, Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Hongyu Zhao
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.,Computational Biology and Bioinformatics Program, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Ethan Lange
- Division of Biomedical Informatics and Personalized Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Leslie Lange
- Division of Biomedical Informatics and Personalized Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Stephen S Rich
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Jerome I Rotter
- Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - James G Wilson
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA.,Department of Cardiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Paul Scheet
- Department of Epidemiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jacob O Kitzman
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Eric S Lander
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Biology, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Jesse M Engreitz
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Harvard Society of Fellows, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Benjamin L Ebert
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alexander P Reiner
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.,Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Siddhartha Jaiswal
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Gonçalo Abecasis
- Center for Statistical Genetics, Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Tarrytown, NY, USA
| | - Vijay G Sankaran
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital and Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sekar Kathiresan
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA. .,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA. .,Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA. .,Verve Therapeutics, Cambridge, MA, USA.
| | - Pradeep Natarajan
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA. .,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA. .,Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
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5
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Bick AG, Weinstock JS, Nandakumar SK, Fulco CP, Bao EL, Zekavat SM, Szeto MD, Liao X, Leventhal MJ, Nasser J, Chang K, Laurie C, Burugula BB, Gibson CJ, Lin AE, Taub MA, Aguet F, Ardlie K, Mitchell BD, Barnes KC, Moscati A, Fornage M, Redline S, Psaty BM, Silverman EK, Weiss ST, Palmer ND, Vasan RS, Burchard EG, Kardia SLR, He J, Kaplan RC, Smith NL, Arnett DK, Schwartz DA, Correa A, de Andrade M, Guo X, Konkle BA, Custer B, Peralta JM, Gui H, Meyers DA, McGarvey ST, Chen IYD, Shoemaker MB, Peyser PA, Broome JG, Gogarten SM, Wang FF, Wong Q, Montasser ME, Daya M, Kenny EE, North KE, Launer LJ, Cade BE, Bis JC, Cho MH, Lasky-Su J, Bowden DW, Cupples LA, Mak ACY, Becker LC, Smith JA, Kelly TN, Aslibekyan S, Heckbert SR, Tiwari HK, Yang IV, Heit JA, Lubitz SA, Johnsen JM, Curran JE, Wenzel SE, Weeks DE, Rao DC, Darbar D, Moon JY, Tracy RP, Buth EJ, Rafaels N, Loos RJF, Durda P, Liu Y, Hou L, Lee J, Kachroo P, Freedman BI, Levy D, Bielak LF, Hixson JE, Floyd JS, Whitsel EA, Ellinor PT, Irvin MR, Fingerlin TE, Raffield LM, Armasu SM, Wheeler MM, Sabino EC, Blangero J, Williams LK, Levy BD, Sheu WHH, Roden DM, Boerwinkle E, Manson JE, Mathias RA, Desai P, Taylor KD, Johnson AD, Auer PL, Kooperberg C, Laurie CC, Blackwell TW, Smith AV, Zhao H, Lange E, Lange L, Rich SS, Rotter JI, Wilson JG, Scheet P, Kitzman JO, Lander ES, Engreitz JM, Ebert BL, Reiner AP, Jaiswal S, Abecasis G, Sankaran VG, Kathiresan S, Natarajan P. Inherited causes of clonal haematopoiesis in 97,691 whole genomes. Nature 2020; 586:763-768. [PMID: 33057201 PMCID: PMC7944936 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-020-2819-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 323] [Impact Index Per Article: 80.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Age is the dominant risk factor for most chronic human diseases; yet the mechanisms by which aging confers this risk are largely unknown.1 Recently, the age-related acquisition of somatic mutations in regenerating hematopoietic stem cell populations leading to clonal expansion was associated with both hematologic cancer 2–4 and coronary heart disease5, a phenomenon termed ‘Clonal Hematopoiesis of Indeterminate Potential’ (CHIP).6 Simultaneous germline and somatic whole genome sequence analysis now provides the opportunity to identify root causes of CHIP. Here, we analyze high-coverage whole genome sequences from 97,691 participants of diverse ancestries in the NHLBI TOPMed program and identify 4,229 individuals with CHIP. We identify associations with blood cell, lipid, and inflammatory traits specific to different CHIP genes. Association of a genome-wide set of germline genetic variants identified three genetic loci associated with CHIP status, including one locus at TET2 that was African ancestry specific. In silico-informed in vitro evaluation of the TET2 germline locus identified a causal variant that disrupts a TET2 distal enhancer resulting in increased hematopoietic stem cell self-renewal. Overall, we observe that germline genetic variation shapes hematopoietic stem cell function leading to CHIP through mechanisms that are both specific to clonal hematopoiesis and shared mechanisms leading to somatic mutations across tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander G Bick
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Division of Genetic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Joshua S Weinstock
- Center for Statistical Genetics, Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Satish K Nandakumar
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital and Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Charles P Fulco
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Erik L Bao
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital and Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.,Health Sciences and Technology Program, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Seyedeh M Zekavat
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Mindy D Szeto
- Division of Biomedical Informatics and Personalized Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA.,Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Xiaotian Liao
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital and Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Joseph Nasser
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Kyle Chang
- Department of Epidemiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Cecelia Laurie
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | | | - Amy E Lin
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Margaret A Taub
- Department of Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | | | - Braxton D Mitchell
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Geriatrics Research and Education Clinical Center, Baltimore Veterans Administration Medical Center, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Kathleen C Barnes
- Division of Biomedical Informatics and Personalized Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA.,Colorado Center for Personalized Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Arden Moscati
- Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Myriam Fornage
- Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA.,Human Genetics Center, School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Susan Redline
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Bruce M Psaty
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.,Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.,Department of Health Services, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.,Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Edwin K Silverman
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Scott T Weiss
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nicholette D Palmer
- Department of Biochemistry, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Ramachandran S Vasan
- Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Esteban G Burchard
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, USA
| | - Sharon L R Kardia
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Jiang He
- Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA.,Tulane University Translational Science Institute, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Robert C Kaplan
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.,Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Division of Public Health Sciences, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Nicholas L Smith
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.,Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA.,Seattle Epidemiologic Information and Research Center, Department of Veterans Affairs, Office of Research and Development, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Donna K Arnett
- College of Public Health, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | | | - Adolfo Correa
- Departments of Medicine and Population Health Science, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Mariza de Andrade
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Xiuqing Guo
- Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - Barbara A Konkle
- Bloodworks Northwest, Seattle, WA, USA.,Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Brian Custer
- Vitalant Research Institute, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Juan M Peralta
- Department of Human Genetics and South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley School of Medicine, Brownsville, TX, USA
| | - Hongsheng Gui
- Center for Individualized and Genomic Medicine Research, Department of Internal Medicine, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Deborah A Meyers
- Division of Genetics, Genomics and Precision Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Stephen T McGarvey
- Department of Epidemiology and International Health Institute, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Ida Yii-Der Chen
- Medical Genetics, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - M Benjamin Shoemaker
- Division of Cardiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Patricia A Peyser
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Jai G Broome
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Fei Fei Wang
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Quenna Wong
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - May E Montasser
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Michelle Daya
- Division of Biomedical Informatics and Personalized Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Eimear E Kenny
- Institute for Genomic Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kari E North
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Lenore J Launer
- Laboratory of Epidemiology, Demography, and Biometry, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Brian E Cade
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Division of Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Joshua C Bis
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Michael H Cho
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jessica Lasky-Su
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Donald W Bowden
- Department of Biochemistry, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - L Adrienne Cupples
- Departments of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Angel C Y Mak
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Lewis C Becker
- GeneSTAR Research Program, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jennifer A Smith
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Survey Research Center, Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Tanika N Kelly
- Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA.,Tulane University Translational Science Institute, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Stella Aslibekyan
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Susan R Heckbert
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.,Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Hemant K Tiwari
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Ivana V Yang
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - John A Heit
- Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Steven A Lubitz
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jill M Johnsen
- Bloodworks Northwest, Seattle, WA, USA.,Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Joanne E Curran
- Department of Human Genetics and South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley School of Medicine, Brownsville, TX, USA
| | - Sally E Wenzel
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Daniel E Weeks
- Departments of Human Genetics and Biostatistics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Dabeeru C Rao
- Division of Biostatistics, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Dawood Darbar
- Division of Cardiology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jee-Young Moon
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Russell P Tracy
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Erin J Buth
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Nicholas Rafaels
- Colorado Center for Personalized Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Ruth J F Loos
- Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.,Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Peter Durda
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Yongmei Liu
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Lifang Hou
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jiwon Lee
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Priyadarshini Kachroo
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Barry I Freedman
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Nephrology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Daniel Levy
- Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA.,Population Sciences Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Lawrence F Bielak
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - James E Hixson
- Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics and Environmental Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston School of Public Health, Houston, TX, USA
| | - James S Floyd
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.,Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.,Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Eric A Whitsel
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.,Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Patrick T Ellinor
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Marguerite R Irvin
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Tasha E Fingerlin
- Center for Genes Environment and Health, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Laura M Raffield
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | | | - Marsha M Wheeler
- Department of Genome Science, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Ester C Sabino
- Instituto de Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - John Blangero
- Department of Human Genetics and South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley School of Medicine, Brownsville, TX, USA
| | - L Keoki Williams
- Center for Individualized and Genomic Medicine Research, Department of Internal Medicine, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Bruce D Levy
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Wayne Huey-Herng Sheu
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Dan M Roden
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.,Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.,Department of Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Eric Boerwinkle
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.,Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - JoAnn E Manson
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Rasika A Mathias
- GeneSTAR Research Program, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Pinkal Desai
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical School, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kent D Taylor
- Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - Andrew D Johnson
- Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA.,Population Sciences Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Paul L Auer
- Joseph J. Zilber School of Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Charles Kooperberg
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Cathy C Laurie
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Thomas W Blackwell
- Center for Statistical Genetics, Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Albert V Smith
- Center for Statistical Genetics, Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Hongyu Zhao
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.,Computational Biology and Bioinformatics Program, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Ethan Lange
- Division of Biomedical Informatics and Personalized Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Leslie Lange
- Division of Biomedical Informatics and Personalized Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Stephen S Rich
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Jerome I Rotter
- Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - James G Wilson
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA.,Department of Cardiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Paul Scheet
- Department of Epidemiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jacob O Kitzman
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Eric S Lander
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Biology, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Jesse M Engreitz
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Harvard Society of Fellows, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Benjamin L Ebert
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alexander P Reiner
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.,Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Siddhartha Jaiswal
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Gonçalo Abecasis
- Center for Statistical Genetics, Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Tarrytown, NY, USA
| | - Vijay G Sankaran
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital and Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sekar Kathiresan
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA. .,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA. .,Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA. .,Verve Therapeutics, Cambridge, MA, USA.
| | - Pradeep Natarajan
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA. .,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA. .,Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
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