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Ferguson TS, Webster-Kerr K, Tulloch-Reid MK, Bennett NR, Ho J, Davidson T, Grant A, Gordon-Johnson KA, Govia I, Soares-Wynter S, Younger-Coleman N, McKenzie J, Walker E, Anderson S, Edwards S, Spence S. The Jamaica Salt Consumption Study Protocol: Sodium Intake; Sodium Content in Restaurant Foods; Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices; Spot Urine Sodium Validation. F1000Res 2023; 11:721. [PMID: 38264475 PMCID: PMC10804057 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.122619.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Excess dietary salt consumption is a major contributor to hypertension and cardiovascular disease. Public education programs on the dangers of high salt intake, and population level interventions to reduce the salt content in foods are possible strategies to address this problem. In Jamaica, there are limited data on the levels of salt consumption and the population's knowledge and practices with regards to salt consumption. This study therefore aims to obtain baseline data on salt consumption, salt content in foods sold in restaurants, and evaluate knowledge, attitudes, and practices of Jamaicans regarding salt consumption. Methods The study is divided into four components. Component 1 will be a secondary analysis of data on urinary sodium from spot urine samples collected as part of a national survey, the Jamaica Health and Lifestyle Survey 2016-2017. Component 2 will be a survey of chain and non-chain restaurants in Jamaica, to estimate the sodium content of foods sold in restaurants. Component 3 is another national survey, this time on a sample 1,200 individuals to obtain data on knowledge, attitudes and practices regarding salt consumption and estimation of urinary sodium excretion. Component 4 is a validation study to assess the level of agreement between spot urine sodium estimates and 24-hour urinary sodium from 120 individuals from Component 3. Discussion This study will provide important baseline data on salt consumption in Jamaica and will fulfil the first components of the World Health Organization SHAKE Technical Package for Salt Reduction. The findings will serve as a guide to Jamaica's Ministry of Health and Wellness in the development of a national salt reduction program. Findings will also inform interventions to promote individual and population level sodium reduction strategies as the country seeks to achieve the national target of a 30% reduction in salt consumption by 2025.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trevor S. Ferguson
- Epidemiology Research Unit, Caribbean Institute for Health Research, The University of the West Indies, Mona, Kingston 7, Jamaica
| | | | - Marshall K. Tulloch-Reid
- Epidemiology Research Unit, Caribbean Institute for Health Research, The University of the West Indies, Mona, Kingston 7, Jamaica
| | - Nadia R. Bennett
- Epidemiology Research Unit, Caribbean Institute for Health Research, The University of the West Indies, Mona, Kingston 7, Jamaica
| | - James Ho
- Epidemiology Research Unit, Caribbean Institute for Health Research, The University of the West Indies, Mona, Kingston 7, Jamaica
| | - Tamu Davidson
- Chronic Disease and Injury Department, Surveillance, Disease Prevention & Control Division, Caribbean Public Health Agency, Port of Spain, Trinidad and Tobago
| | | | - Kelly-Ann Gordon-Johnson
- Caribbean Regional Office, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, United States Embassy, Kingston 6, Jamaica
| | - Ishtar Govia
- Epidemiology Research Unit, Caribbean Institute for Health Research, The University of the West Indies, Mona, Kingston 7, Jamaica
| | - Suzanne Soares-Wynter
- Tropical Metabolism Research Unit, Caribbean Institute for Health Research, The University of the West Indies, Mona, Kingston 7, Jamaica
| | - Novie Younger-Coleman
- Epidemiology Research Unit, Caribbean Institute for Health Research, The University of the West Indies, Mona, Kingston 7, Jamaica
| | - Joette McKenzie
- Epidemiology Research Unit, Caribbean Institute for Health Research, The University of the West Indies, Mona, Kingston 7, Jamaica
| | - Evelyn Walker
- Epidemiology Research Unit, Caribbean Institute for Health Research, The University of the West Indies, Mona, Kingston 7, Jamaica
| | - Simon Anderson
- George Alleyne Chronic Disease Research Centre, Caribbean Institute for Health Research, The University of the West Indies, Cave Hill, Bridgetown, St. Michael, BB11115, Barbados
| | | | - Simone Spence
- Ministry of Health and Wellness, Kingston 5, Jamaica
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Ferguson TS, Younger-Coleman NOM, Webster-Kerr K, Tulloch-Reid MK, Bennett NR, Davidson T, Grant AS, Gordon-Johnson KAM, Govia I, Soares-Wynter S, McKenzie JA, Walker E, Cunningham-Myrie CA, Anderson SG, Blake AL, Ho J, Stephenson R, Edwards SE, McFarlane SR, Spence S, Wilks RJ. Sodium and potassium consumption in Jamaica: National estimates and associated factors from the Jamaica Health and Lifestyle Survey 2016-2017. Medicine (Baltimore) 2023; 102:e35308. [PMID: 37800785 PMCID: PMC10553171 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000035308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to estimate dietary sodium and potassium consumption among Jamaicans and evaluate associations with sociodemographic and clinical characteristics. A cross-sectional study was conducted using data from the Jamaica Health and Lifestyle Survey 2016-2017. Participants were noninstitutionalized Jamaicans aged ≥15 years. Trained staff collected sociodemographic and health data via interviewer-administered questionnaires and spot urine samples. The Pan American Health Organization formula was used to estimate 24-hour urine sodium and potassium excretion. High sodium level was defined as ≥2000 mg/day, and low potassium levels as <3510 mg/day (World Health Organization criteria). Associations between these outcomes and sociodemographic and clinical characteristics were explored using multivariable ANOVA models using log-transformed 24-hour urine sodium and potassium as outcome variables. Analyses included 1009 participants (368 males, 641 females; mean age 48.5 years). The mean sodium excretion was 3582 mg/day (males 3943 mg/day, females 3245 mg/day, P < .001). The mean potassium excretion was 2052 mg/day (males, 2210 mg/day; females, 1904 mg/day; P = .001). The prevalence of high sodium consumption was 66.6% (males 72.8%, females 60.7%, P < .001) and that of low potassium intake was 88.8% (85.1% males, 92.3% females, P < .001). Sodium consumption was inversely associated with older age, higher education, and low glomerular filtration rate but was directly associated with being male, current smoking, and obesity. Overall, males had higher sodium consumption than women, with the effect being larger among hypertensive men. Women with hypertension had lower sodium consumption than nonhypertensive women; however, hypertensive men had higher sodium consumption than nonhypertensive men. Potassium consumption was higher among men, persons with obesity, and those with high total cholesterol but was lower among men with "more than high school" education compared to men with "less than high school" education. We conclude that most Jamaican adults have diets high in sodium and low in potassium. In this study, sodium consumption was directly associated with male sex, obesity, and current smoking but was inversely associated with older age and higher education. High potassium consumption was associated with obesity and high cholesterol levels. These associations should be further explored in longitudinal studies and population-based strategies should be developed to address these cardiovascular risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trevor S. Ferguson
- Epidemiology Research Unit, Caribbean Institute for Health Research Institute, The University of the West Indies, Mona, Kingston, Jamaica
| | - Novie O. M. Younger-Coleman
- Epidemiology Research Unit, Caribbean Institute for Health Research Institute, The University of the West Indies, Mona, Kingston, Jamaica
| | | | - Marshall K. Tulloch-Reid
- Epidemiology Research Unit, Caribbean Institute for Health Research Institute, The University of the West Indies, Mona, Kingston, Jamaica
| | - Nadia R. Bennett
- Epidemiology Research Unit, Caribbean Institute for Health Research Institute, The University of the West Indies, Mona, Kingston, Jamaica
| | | | | | | | - Ishtar Govia
- Epidemiology Research Unit, Caribbean Institute for Health Research Institute, The University of the West Indies, Mona, Kingston, Jamaica
| | - Suzanne Soares-Wynter
- Tropical Metabolism Research Unit, Caribbean Institute for Health Research Institute, The University of the West Indies, Mona, Kingston, Jamaica
| | - Joette A. McKenzie
- Epidemiology Research Unit, Caribbean Institute for Health Research Institute, The University of the West Indies, Mona, Kingston, Jamaica
| | - Evelyn Walker
- Epidemiology Research Unit, Caribbean Institute for Health Research Institute, The University of the West Indies, Mona, Kingston, Jamaica
| | - Colette A. Cunningham-Myrie
- Department of Community Health and Psychiatry, Faculty of Medical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, Mona, Kingston, Jamaica
| | | | - Alphanso L. Blake
- Epidemiology Research Unit, Caribbean Institute for Health Research Institute, The University of the West Indies, Mona, Kingston, Jamaica
| | - James Ho
- Epidemiology Research Unit, Caribbean Institute for Health Research Institute, The University of the West Indies, Mona, Kingston, Jamaica
| | | | | | - Shelly R. McFarlane
- Department of Community Health and Psychiatry, Faculty of Medical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, Mona, Kingston, Jamaica
| | | | - Rainford J. Wilks
- Epidemiology Research Unit, Caribbean Institute for Health Research Institute, The University of the West Indies, Mona, Kingston, Jamaica
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Barrow S, Talbot J, Kindelan S, Walker E. The role of CBCT in paediatric dentoalveolar trauma: A service evaluation. Int J Paediatr Dent 2023; 33 Suppl 2:66-68. [PMID: 37665153 DOI: 10.1111/ipd.13111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- S Barrow
- Paediatric Dentistry and Dental and Maxillofacial Radiology, Leeds Dental Institute, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, UK
| | - J Talbot
- Paediatric Dentistry and Dental and Maxillofacial Radiology, Leeds Dental Institute, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, UK
| | - S Kindelan
- Paediatric Dentistry and Dental and Maxillofacial Radiology, Leeds Dental Institute, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, UK
| | - E Walker
- Paediatric Dentistry and Dental and Maxillofacial Radiology, Leeds Dental Institute, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, UK
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Humphrey HN, Diodato A, Isner JC, Walker E, Lacy-Colson J, Nedjai B, Daniels IR. An internal pilot study of a novel rectal mucocellular sampling device to allow next-generation sequencing for colorectal disease. Tech Coloproctol 2023; 27:227-235. [PMID: 36166177 PMCID: PMC9514171 DOI: 10.1007/s10151-022-02704-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The ORI-EGI-02 study was designed to test the hypothesis that rectal mucus collected using a novel rectal sampling device (OriCol™), contains sufficient human deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) of the required quality for Next Generation Sequencing (NGS), for colorectal disease genetic signature discovery. METHODS Using National Institute for Health and Care Research methodology, an internal pilot study was performed in January 2020-May 2021, at four sites in the United Kingdom, to assess the process of recruitment, consent, specimen acquisition and viability for analysis. Following an OriCol™ test, the sample was stabilized with a buffer solution to preserve the material, which was posted to the laboratory. Samples were processed using QIAamp® DNA Blood Midi kit to extract DNA and Quant-iT™ PicoGreen® dsDNA Reagent to quantify the retrieved DNA. DNA integrity was measured by Agilent TapeStation system. 25 ng of human amplifiable DNA was prepared for Next Generation Sequencing (NGS), which was performed on an Illumina NextSeq550 sequencer using the 300-cycle high output kit v2.5. RESULTS This study assessed the first 300 patients enrolled to the ORI-EGI-02 Study (n = 800). 290/300 (96.67%) were eligible to undergo OriCol™ sampling procedure and 285/290 (98.27%) had a successful OriCol™ sample taken. After transportation, extraction and quantification of DNA, 96.20% (279/290) of the samples had NGS successfully performed for bioinformatic analysis. CONCLUSIONS Our internal pilot study demonstrated that the OriCol™ sampling device can capture rectal mucus from unprepared bowel in subjects who could undergo a digital rectal examination. The technique could be applied irrespective of age, frailty, or co-morbidity. Completion of the study to 800 patients and analysis of NGS data for colorectal cancer mutations will now proceed.
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Affiliation(s)
- H N Humphrey
- Royal Devon University Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust, Barrack Road, Exeter, EX53BJ, Devon, UK
| | - A Diodato
- Origin Sciences, Granta Park, Cambridge, CB21 6AD, UK
| | - J-C Isner
- Origin Sciences, Granta Park, Cambridge, CB21 6AD, UK
| | - E Walker
- Origin Sciences, Granta Park, Cambridge, CB21 6AD, UK
| | - J Lacy-Colson
- Shrewsbury and Telford NHS Trust, Shrewsbury, SY3 8XQ, Shropshire, UK
| | - B Nedjai
- Origin Sciences, Granta Park, Cambridge, CB21 6AD, UK
- Centre for Prevention, Diagnosis and Detection, Queen Mary University of London, WIPH, Cancer Prevention Unit, London, UK
| | - I R Daniels
- Royal Devon University Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust, Barrack Road, Exeter, EX53BJ, Devon, UK.
- Origin Sciences, Granta Park, Cambridge, CB21 6AD, UK.
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Klaiman C, White SP, Saulnier C, Murphy M, Burrell L, Cubells J, Walker E, Mulle JG. A distinct cognitive profile in individuals with 3q29 deletion syndrome. J Intellect Disabil Res 2023; 67:216-227. [PMID: 35297118 DOI: 10.1111/jir.12919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND 3q29 deletion syndrome is associated with mild to moderate intellectual disability as well as comorbid psychopathology such as ADHD, anxiety, ASD and schizophrenia. A greater understanding of specific profiles that could increase risk for psychopathology is necessary in order to best understand and support individuals with 3q29 deletion syndrome. The goal of this study was to thus carefully outline the strengths and weaknesses of these individuals. A second goal was to ask whether the cognitive impact of the deletion predicted psychopathology in other domains. METHODS We systematically evaluated cognitive ability, adaptive behaviour and psychopathology in 32 individuals with the canonical 3q29 deletion using gold-standard instruments and a standardised phenotyping protocol. RESULTS Mean full scale IQ was 73 (range 40-99). Verbal subtest score (mean 80, range 31-106) was slightly higher and had a greater range than non-verbal subtest score (mean 75, range 53-98). Spatial ability was evaluated in a subset (n = 24) and was lower than verbal and non-verbal ability (mean 71, range 34-108). There was an average 14-point difference between verbal and non-verbal subset scores; 60% of the time the verbal subset score was higher than the non-verbal subset score. Study subjects with a verbal ability subtest score lower than the non-verbal subtest score were four times more likely to have a diagnosis of intellectual disability (suggestive, P value 0.07). The age at which a child first spoke two-word phrases was strongly associated with measures of verbal ability (P value 2.56e-07). Cognitive ability was correlated with adaptive behaviour measures (correlation 0.42, P value 0.02). However, although group means found equivalent scores, there was, on average, a 10-point gap between these skills (range -33 to 33), in either direction, in about 50% of the sample, suggesting that cognitive measures only partially inform adaptive ability. Cognitive ability scores did not have any significant relationship to cumulative burden of psychopathology nor to individual neurodevelopmental or psychiatric diagnoses. CONCLUSIONS Individuals with 3q29 deletion syndrome have a complex pattern of cognitive disability. Two-thirds of individuals with the deletion will exhibit significant strength in verbal ability; this may mask deficits in non-verbal reasoning, leading to an overestimation of overall ability. Deficits in verbal ability may be the driver of intellectual disability diagnosis. Cognitive ability is not a strong indicator of other neurodevelopmental or psychiatric impairment; thus, individuals with 3q29 deletion syndrome who exhibit IQ scores within the normal range should receive all recommended behavioural evaluations.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Klaiman
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Marcus Autism Center, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta and Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - S P White
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Marcus Autism Center, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta and Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - C Saulnier
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Neurodevelopmental Assessment & Consulting Services, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - M Murphy
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - L Burrell
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Marcus Autism Center, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta and Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - J Cubells
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - E Walker
- Department of Psychology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - J G Mulle
- Department of Psychiatry, Robert Wood Johnson School of Medicine, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA
- Center for Advanced Biotechnology and Medicine, Robert Wood Johnson School of Medicine, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA
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McCarthy C, Finan P, Garrett M, Campbell E, Walker E, Beaumont E, Cade I, Mooney L, Kendrew J, Schwarz D, Schuster V, Domingo A, Holliday N, Patel V, Garcia Raposo F, Gorman T, Aillard B, Hewison S, Ehlert J, Lauterwasser J. Discovery and functional characterization of potent, balanced AXL/ MER inhibitors using a novel MER X-Ray crystal structure. Eur J Cancer 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/s0959-8049(22)00854-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Proietti M, Romiti GF, Vitolo M, Harrison SL, Lane DA, Fauchier L, Marin F, Näbauer M, Potpara TS, Dan GA, Maggioni AP, Cesari M, Boriani G, Lip GYH, Ekmekçiu U, Paparisto V, Tase M, Gjergo H, Dragoti J, Goda A, Ciutea M, Ahadi N, el Husseini Z, Raepers M, Leroy J, Haushan P, Jourdan A, Lepiece C, Desteghe L, Vijgen J, Koopman P, Van Genechten G, Heidbuchel H, Boussy T, De Coninck M, Van Eeckhoutte H, Bouckaert N, Friart A, Boreux J, Arend C, Evrard P, Stefan L, Hoffer E, Herzet J, Massoz M, Celentano C, Sprynger M, Pierard L, Melon P, Van Hauwaert B, Kuppens C, Faes D, Van Lier D, Van Dorpe A, Gerardy A, Deceuninck O, Xhaet O, Dormal F, Ballant E, Blommaert D, Yakova D, Hristov M, Yncheva T, Stancheva N, Tisheva S, Tokmakova M, Nikolov F, Gencheva D, Shalganov T, Kunev B, Stoyanov M, Marchov D, Gelev V, Traykov V, Kisheva A, Tsvyatkov H, Shtereva R, Bakalska-Georgieva S, Slavcheva S, Yotov Y, Kubíčková M, Marni Joensen A, Gammelmark A, Hvilsted Rasmussen L, Dinesen P, Riahi S, Krogh Venø S, Sorensen B, Korsgaard A, Andersen K, Fragtrup Hellum C, Svenningsen A, Nyvad O, Wiggers P, May O, Aarup A, Graversen B, Jensen L, Andersen M, Svejgaard M, Vester S, Hansen S, Lynggaard V, Ciudad M, Vettus R, Muda P, Maestre A, Castaño S, Cheggour S, Poulard J, Mouquet V, Leparrée S, Bouet J, Taieb J, Doucy A, Duquenne H, Furber A, Dupuis J, Rautureau J, Font M, Damiano P, Lacrimini M, Abalea J, Boismal S, Menez T, Mansourati J, Range G, Gorka H, Laure C, Vassalière C, Elbaz N, Lellouche N, Djouadi K, Roubille F, Dietz D, Davy J, Granier M, Winum P, Leperchois-Jacquey C, Kassim H, Marijon E, Le Heuzey J, Fedida J, Maupain C, Himbert C, Gandjbakhch E, Hidden-Lucet F, Duthoit G, Badenco N, Chastre T, Waintraub X, Oudihat M, Lacoste J, Stephan C, Bader H, Delarche N, Giry L, Arnaud D, Lopez C, Boury F, Brunello I, Lefèvre M, Mingam R, Haissaguerre M, Le Bidan M, Pavin D, Le Moal V, Leclercq C, Piot O, Beitar T, Martel I, Schmid A, Sadki N, Romeyer-Bouchard C, Da Costa A, Arnault I, Boyer M, Piat C, Fauchier L, Lozance N, Nastevska S, Doneva A, Fortomaroska Milevska B, Sheshoski B, Petroska K, Taneska N, Bakrecheski N, Lazarovska K, Jovevska S, Ristovski V, Antovski A, Lazarova E, Kotlar I, Taleski J, Poposka L, Kedev S, Zlatanovik N, Jordanova S, Bajraktarova Proseva T, Doncovska S, Maisuradze D, Esakia A, Sagirashvili E, Lartsuliani K, Natelashvili N, Gumberidze N, Gvenetadze R, Etsadashvili K, Gotonelia N, Kuridze N, Papiashvili G, Menabde I, Glöggler S, Napp A, Lebherz C, Romero H, Schmitz K, Berger M, Zink M, Köster S, Sachse J, Vonderhagen E, Soiron G, Mischke K, Reith R, Schneider M, Rieker W, Boscher D, Taschareck A, Beer A, Oster D, Ritter O, Adamczewski J, Walter S, Frommhold A, Luckner E, Richter J, Schellner M, Landgraf S, Bartholome S, Naumann R, Schoeler J, Westermeier D, William F, Wilhelm K, Maerkl M, Oekinghaus R, Denart M, Kriete M, Tebbe U, Scheibner T, Gruber M, Gerlach A, Beckendorf C, Anneken L, Arnold M, Lengerer S, Bal Z, Uecker C, Förtsch H, Fechner S, Mages V, Martens E, Methe H, Schmidt T, Schaeffer B, Hoffmann B, Moser J, Heitmann K, Willems S, Willems S, Klaus C, Lange I, Durak M, Esen E, Mibach F, Mibach H, Utech A, Gabelmann M, Stumm R, Ländle V, Gartner C, Goerg C, Kaul N, Messer S, Burkhardt D, Sander C, Orthen R, Kaes S, Baumer A, Dodos F, Barth A, Schaeffer G, Gaertner J, Winkler J, Fahrig A, Aring J, Wenzel I, Steiner S, Kliesch A, Kratz E, Winter K, Schneider P, Haag A, Mutscher I, Bosch R, Taggeselle J, Meixner S, Schnabel A, Shamalla A, Hötz H, Korinth A, Rheinert C, Mehltretter G, Schön B, Schön N, Starflinger A, Englmann E, Baytok G, Laschinger T, Ritscher G, Gerth A, Dechering D, Eckardt L, Kuhlmann M, Proskynitopoulos N, Brunn J, Foth K, Axthelm C, Hohensee H, Eberhard K, Turbanisch S, Hassler N, Koestler A, Stenzel G, Kschiwan D, Schwefer M, Neiner S, Hettwer S, Haeussler-Schuchardt M, Degenhardt R, Sennhenn S, Steiner S, Brendel M, Stoehr A, Widjaja W, Loehndorf S, Logemann A, Hoskamp J, Grundt J, Block M, Ulrych R, Reithmeier A, Panagopoulos V, Martignani C, Bernucci D, Fantecchi E, Diemberger I, Ziacchi M, Biffi M, Cimaglia P, Frisoni J, Boriani G, Giannini I, Boni S, Fumagalli S, Pupo S, Di Chiara A, Mirone P, Fantecchi E, Boriani G, Pesce F, Zoccali C, Malavasi VL, Mussagaliyeva A, Ahyt B, Salihova Z, Koshum-Bayeva K, Kerimkulova A, Bairamukova A, Mirrakhimov E, Lurina B, Zuzans R, Jegere S, Mintale I, Kupics K, Jubele K, Erglis A, Kalejs O, Vanhear K, Burg M, Cachia M, Abela E, Warwicker S, Tabone T, Xuereb R, Asanovic D, Drakalovic D, Vukmirovic M, Pavlovic N, Music L, Bulatovic N, Boskovic A, Uiterwaal H, Bijsterveld N, De Groot J, Neefs J, van den Berg N, Piersma F, Wilde A, Hagens V, Van Es J, Van Opstal J, Van Rennes B, Verheij H, Breukers W, Tjeerdsma G, Nijmeijer R, Wegink D, Binnema R, Said S, Erküner Ö, Philippens S, van Doorn W, Crijns H, Szili-Torok T, Bhagwandien R, Janse P, Muskens A, van Eck M, Gevers R, van der Ven N, Duygun A, Rahel B, Meeder J, Vold A, Holst Hansen C, Engset I, Atar D, Dyduch-Fejklowicz B, Koba E, Cichocka M, Sokal A, Kubicius A, Pruchniewicz E, Kowalik-Sztylc A, Czapla W, Mróz I, Kozlowski M, Pawlowski T, Tendera M, Winiarska-Filipek A, Fidyk A, Slowikowski A, Haberka M, Lachor-Broda M, Biedron M, Gasior Z, Kołodziej M, Janion M, Gorczyca-Michta I, Wozakowska-Kaplon B, Stasiak M, Jakubowski P, Ciurus T, Drozdz J, Simiera M, Zajac P, Wcislo T, Zycinski P, Kasprzak J, Olejnik A, Harc-Dyl E, Miarka J, Pasieka M, Ziemińska-Łuć M, Bujak W, Śliwiński A, Grech A, Morka J, Petrykowska K, Prasał M, Hordyński G, Feusette P, Lipski P, Wester A, Streb W, Romanek J, Woźniak P, Chlebuś M, Szafarz P, Stanik W, Zakrzewski M, Kaźmierczak J, Przybylska A, Skorek E, Błaszczyk H, Stępień M, Szabowski S, Krysiak W, Szymańska M, Karasiński J, Blicharz J, Skura M, Hałas K, Michalczyk L, Orski Z, Krzyżanowski K, Skrobowski A, Zieliński L, Tomaszewska-Kiecana M, Dłużniewski M, Kiliszek M, Peller M, Budnik M, Balsam P, Opolski G, Tymińska A, Ozierański K, Wancerz A, Borowiec A, Majos E, Dabrowski R, Szwed H, Musialik-Lydka A, Leopold-Jadczyk A, Jedrzejczyk-Patej E, Koziel M, Lenarczyk R, Mazurek M, Kalarus Z, Krzemien-Wolska K, Starosta P, Nowalany-Kozielska E, Orzechowska A, Szpot M, Staszel M, Almeida S, Pereira H, Brandão Alves L, Miranda R, Ribeiro L, Costa F, Morgado F, Carmo P, Galvao Santos P, Bernardo R, Adragão P, Ferreira da Silva G, Peres M, Alves M, Leal M, Cordeiro A, Magalhães P, Fontes P, Leão S, Delgado A, Costa A, Marmelo B, Rodrigues B, Moreira D, Santos J, Santos L, Terchet A, Darabantiu D, Mercea S, Turcin Halka V, Pop Moldovan A, Gabor A, Doka B, Catanescu G, Rus H, Oboroceanu L, Bobescu E, Popescu R, Dan A, Buzea A, Daha I, Dan G, Neuhoff I, Baluta M, Ploesteanu R, Dumitrache N, Vintila M, Daraban A, Japie C, Badila E, Tewelde H, Hostiuc M, Frunza S, Tintea E, Bartos D, Ciobanu A, Popescu I, Toma N, Gherghinescu C, Cretu D, Patrascu N, Stoicescu C, Udroiu C, Bicescu G, Vintila V, Vinereanu D, Cinteza M, Rimbas R, Grecu M, Cozma A, Boros F, Ille M, Tica O, Tor R, Corina A, Jeewooth A, Maria B, Georgiana C, Natalia C, Alin D, Dinu-Andrei D, Livia M, Daniela R, Larisa R, Umaar S, Tamara T, Ioachim Popescu M, Nistor D, Sus I, Coborosanu O, Alina-Ramona N, Dan R, Petrescu L, Ionescu G, Popescu I, Vacarescu C, Goanta E, Mangea M, Ionac A, Mornos C, Cozma D, Pescariu S, Solodovnicova E, Soldatova I, Shutova J, Tjuleneva L, Zubova T, Uskov V, Obukhov D, Rusanova G, Soldatova I, Isakova N, Odinsova S, Arhipova T, Kazakevich E, Serdechnaya E, Zavyalova O, Novikova T, Riabaia I, Zhigalov S, Drozdova E, Luchkina I, Monogarova Y, Hegya D, Rodionova L, Rodionova L, Nevzorova V, Soldatova I, Lusanova O, Arandjelovic A, Toncev D, Milanov M, Sekularac N, Zdravkovic M, Hinic S, Dimkovic S, Acimovic T, Saric J, Polovina M, Potpara T, Vujisic-Tesic B, Nedeljkovic M, Zlatar M, Asanin M, Vasic V, Popovic Z, Djikic D, Sipic M, Peric V, Dejanovic B, Milosevic N, Stevanovic A, Andric A, Pencic B, Pavlovic-Kleut M, Celic V, Pavlovic M, Petrovic M, Vuleta M, Petrovic N, Simovic S, Savovic Z, Milanov S, Davidovic G, Iric-Cupic V, Simonovic D, Stojanovic M, Stojanovic S, Mitic V, Ilic V, Petrovic D, Deljanin Ilic M, Ilic S, Stoickov V, Markovic S, Kovacevic S, García Fernandez A, Perez Cabeza A, Anguita M, Tercedor Sanchez L, Mau E, Loayssa J, Ayarra M, Carpintero M, Roldán Rabadan I, Leal M, Gil Ortega M, Tello Montoliu A, Orenes Piñero E, Manzano Fernández S, Marín F, Romero Aniorte A, Veliz Martínez A, Quintana Giner M, Ballesteros G, Palacio M, Alcalde O, García-Bolao I, Bertomeu Gonzalez V, Otero-Raviña F, García Seara J, Gonzalez Juanatey J, Dayal N, Maziarski P, Gentil-Baron P, Shah D, Koç M, Onrat E, Dural IE, Yilmaz K, Özin B, Tan Kurklu S, Atmaca Y, Canpolat U, Tokgozoglu L, Dolu AK, Demirtas B, Sahin D, Ozcan Celebi O, Diker E, Gagirci G, Turk UO, Ari H, Polat N, Toprak N, Sucu M, Akin Serdar O, Taha Alper A, Kepez A, Yuksel Y, Uzunselvi A, Yuksel S, Sahin M, Kayapinar O, Ozcan T, Kaya H, Yilmaz MB, Kutlu M, Demir M, Gibbs C, Kaminskiene S, Bryce M, Skinner A, Belcher G, Hunt J, Stancombe L, Holbrook B, Peters C, Tettersell S, Shantsila A, Lane D, Senoo K, Proietti M, Russell K, Domingos P, Hussain S, Partridge J, Haynes R, Bahadur S, Brown R, McMahon S, Y H Lip G, McDonald J, Balachandran K, Singh R, Garg S, Desai H, Davies K, Goddard W, Galasko G, Rahman I, Chua Y, Payne O, Preston S, Brennan O, Pedley L, Whiteside C, Dickinson C, Brown J, Jones K, Benham L, Brady R, Buchanan L, Ashton A, Crowther H, Fairlamb H, Thornthwaite S, Relph C, McSkeane A, Poultney U, Kelsall N, Rice P, Wilson T, Wrigley M, Kaba R, Patel T, Young E, Law J, Runnett C, Thomas H, McKie H, Fuller J, Pick S, Sharp A, Hunt A, Thorpe K, Hardman C, Cusack E, Adams L, Hough M, Keenan S, Bowring A, Watts J, Zaman J, Goffin K, Nutt H, Beerachee Y, Featherstone J, Mills C, Pearson J, Stephenson L, Grant S, Wilson A, Hawksworth C, Alam I, Robinson M, Ryan S, Egdell R, Gibson E, Holland M, Leonard D, Mishra B, Ahmad S, Randall H, Hill J, Reid L, George M, McKinley S, Brockway L, Milligan W, Sobolewska J, Muir J, Tuckis L, Winstanley L, Jacob P, Kaye S, Morby L, Jan A, Sewell T, Boos C, Wadams B, Cope C, Jefferey P, Andrews N, Getty A, Suttling A, Turner C, Hudson K, Austin R, Howe S, Iqbal R, Gandhi N, Brophy K, Mirza P, Willard E, Collins S, Ndlovu N, Subkovas E, Karthikeyan V, Waggett L, Wood A, Bolger A, Stockport J, Evans L, Harman E, Starling J, Williams L, Saul V, Sinha M, Bell L, Tudgay S, Kemp S, Brown J, Frost L, Ingram T, Loughlin A, Adams C, Adams M, Hurford F, Owen C, Miller C, Donaldson D, Tivenan H, Button H, Nasser A, Jhagra O, Stidolph B, Brown C, Livingstone C, Duffy M, Madgwick P, Roberts P, Greenwood E, Fletcher L, Beveridge M, Earles S, McKenzie D, Beacock D, Dayer M, Seddon M, Greenwell D, Luxton F, Venn F, Mills H, Rewbury J, James K, Roberts K, Tonks L, Felmeden D, Taggu W, Summerhayes A, Hughes D, Sutton J, Felmeden L, Khan M, Walker E, Norris L, O’Donohoe L, Mozid A, Dymond H, Lloyd-Jones H, Saunders G, Simmons D, Coles D, Cotterill D, Beech S, Kidd S, Wrigley B, Petkar S, Smallwood A, Jones R, Radford E, Milgate S, Metherell S, Cottam V, Buckley C, Broadley A, Wood D, Allison J, Rennie K, Balian L, Howard L, Pippard L, Board S, Pitt-Kerby T. Epidemiology and impact of frailty in patients with atrial fibrillation in Europe. Age Ageing 2022; 51:6670566. [PMID: 35997262 DOI: 10.1093/ageing/afac192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Frailty is a medical syndrome characterised by reduced physiological reserve and increased vulnerability to stressors. Data regarding the relationship between frailty and atrial fibrillation (AF) are still inconsistent. OBJECTIVES We aim to perform a comprehensive evaluation of frailty in a large European cohort of AF patients. METHODS A 40-item frailty index (FI) was built according to the accumulation of deficits model in the AF patients enrolled in the ESC-EHRA EORP-AF General Long-Term Registry. Association of baseline characteristics, clinical management, quality of life, healthcare resources use and risk of outcomes with frailty was examined. RESULTS Among 10,177 patients [mean age (standard deviation) 69.0 (11.4) years, 4,103 (40.3%) females], 6,066 (59.6%) were pre-frail and 2,172 (21.3%) were frail, whereas only 1,939 (19.1%) were considered robust. Baseline thromboembolic and bleeding risks were independently associated with increasing FI. Frail patients with AF were less likely to be treated with oral anticoagulants (OACs) (odds ratio 0.70, 95% confidence interval 0.55-0.89), especially with non-vitamin K antagonist OACs and managed with a rhythm control strategy, compared with robust patients. Increasing frailty was associated with a higher risk for all outcomes examined, with a non-linear exponential relationship. The use of OAC was associated with a lower risk of outcomes, except in patients with very/extremely high frailty. CONCLUSIONS In this large cohort of AF patients, there was a high burden of frailty, influencing clinical management and risk of adverse outcomes. The clinical benefit of OAC is maintained in patients with high frailty, but not in very high/extremely frail ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Proietti
- Liverpool Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Liverpool and Liverpool Heart & Chest Hospital, Liverpool, UK.,Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.,Geriatric Unit, IRCCS Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri, Milan, Italy
| | - Giulio Francesco Romiti
- Liverpool Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Liverpool and Liverpool Heart & Chest Hospital, Liverpool, UK.,Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Sapienza - University of Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Vitolo
- Liverpool Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Liverpool and Liverpool Heart & Chest Hospital, Liverpool, UK.,Cardiology Division, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Policlinico di Modena, Modena, Italy.,Clinical and Experimental Medicine PhD Program, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Stephanie L Harrison
- Liverpool Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Liverpool and Liverpool Heart & Chest Hospital, Liverpool, UK
| | - Deirdre A Lane
- Liverpool Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Liverpool and Liverpool Heart & Chest Hospital, Liverpool, UK.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Laurent Fauchier
- Service de Cardiologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Trousseau, Tours, France
| | - Francisco Marin
- Department of Cardiology, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca, IMIB-Arrixaca, University of Murcia, CIBER-CV, Murcia, Spain
| | - Michael Näbauer
- Department of Cardiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Tatjana S Potpara
- School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia.,Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Gheorghe-Andrei Dan
- University of Medicine, 'Carol Davila', Colentina University Hospital, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Aldo P Maggioni
- ANMCO Research Center, Heart Care Foundation, Florence, Italy
| | - Matteo Cesari
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.,Geriatric Unit, IRCCS Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri, Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Boriani
- Cardiology Division, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Policlinico di Modena, Modena, Italy
| | - Gregory Y H Lip
- Liverpool Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Liverpool and Liverpool Heart & Chest Hospital, Liverpool, UK.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
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Ku B, Addington J, Bearden C, Cadenhead K, Cannon T, Compton M, Cornblatt B, Druss B, Keshavan M, Mathalon D, Mcglashan T, Perkins D, Seidman L, Stone W, Tsuang M, Woods S, Walker E. The association between area-level residential instability and gray matter volume changes. Eur Psychiatry 2022. [PMCID: PMC9567589 DOI: 10.1192/j.eurpsy.2022.2033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Area-level residential instability (ARI), an index of social fragmentation, has been shown to explain the association between urbanicity and psychosis. Urban upbringing has been shown to be associated with decreased gray matter volumes (GMV)s of brain regions corresponding to the right caudal middle frontal gyrus (CMFG) and rostral anterior cingulate cortex (rACC). Objectives We hypothesize that greater ARI will be associated with reduced right posterior CMFG and rACC GMVs. Methods Data were collected at baseline as part of the North American Prodrome Longitudinal Study. Counties where participants resided during childhood were geographically coded using the US Censuses to area-level factors. ARI was defined as the percentage of residents living in a different house five years ago. Generalized linear mixed models tested associations between ARI and GMVs. Results This study included 29 HC and 64 CHR-P individuals who were aged 12 to 24 years, had remained in their baseline residential area, and had magnetic resonance imaging scans. ARI was associated with reduced right CMFG (adjusted β = -0.258; 95% CI = -0.502 – -0.015) and right rACC volumes (adjusted β = -0.318; 95% CI = -0.612 – -0.023). The interaction terms (ARI X diagnostic group) in the prediction of both brain regions were not significant, indicating that the relationships between ARI and regional brain volumes held for both CHR-P and HCs. Conclusions Like urban upbringing, ARI may be an important social environmental characteristic that adversely impacts brain regions related to schizophrenia. Disclosure No significant relationships.
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Pringle H, Donigiewicz U, Bennett M, Fowler GF, Walker E, Ball S, Narang S, Bethune RM. P61 Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the presentation and management of acute appendicitis: a single-centre analysis. BJS Open 2021. [PMCID: PMC8030173 DOI: 10.1093/bjsopen/zrab032.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction The COVID-19 pandemic has influenced the delivery of healthcare. In accordance with the UK Joint Royal Colleges’ advice the management of acute appendicitis (AA) changed with greater consideration for non-operative management (NOM) or open appendicectomy where operative management (OM) s sought. Our aim is to share our experience of the presentation, management and outcomes for patients presenting to our Trust with AA to guide care for future viral pandemics. Methods This single-centre retrospective cohort study included patients diagnosed with AA in March to July 2019 compared with March to July 2020. Medical records were used to evaluate demographics, inflammatory markers, imaging, severity, management, histology, length of stay (LOS), complications and 90-day outcomes. Results There were 149 and 125 patients in the 2019 and 2020 cohort, respectively. 14 patients (9.4%) had NOM in 2019 versus 31 patients (24.8%) in 2020 (p = 0.001). In the 2019 OM group 125 patients (92.6%) had laparoscopic appendicectomy versus 69 (73.4%) in 2020. 59 patients (39.6%) had a CT in 2019 versus 70 (56%) in 2020. The median LOS was 4 days (interquartile range (IQR) 3 to 6 days) in 2019 and 3 days (IQR 2 to 5 days) in 2020 (p = 0.03). Two patients in each year who received NOM had treatment failure (14.3% in 2019 and 6.5% in 2020). Three patients in 2019 who had OM had treatment failure (2.2%). Of 95 patients tested for COVID-19 all but one was negative. Conclusion During the COVID-19 pandemic there was no observed increase in severity of AA, patients had a shorter LOS and were more likely to have imaging. NOM proportionally increased with no observed change in outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - S Ball
- Royal Devon & Exeter Hospital
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10
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Roques L, Desbiez C, Berthier K, Soubeyrand S, Walker E, Klein EK, Garnier J, Moury B, Papaïx J. Emerging strains of watermelon mosaic virus in Southeastern France: model-based estimation of the dates and places of introduction. Sci Rep 2021; 11:7058. [PMID: 33782446 PMCID: PMC8007712 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-86314-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Where and when alien organisms are successfully introduced are central questions to elucidate biotic and abiotic conditions favorable to the introduction, establishment and spread of invasive species. We propose a modelling framework to analyze multiple introductions by several invasive genotypes or genetic variants, in competition with a resident population, when observations provide knowledge on the relative proportions of each variant at some dates and places. This framework is based on a mechanistic-statistical model coupling a reaction–diffusion model with a probabilistic observation model. We apply it to a spatio-temporal dataset reporting the relative proportions of five genetic variants of watermelon mosaic virus (WMV, genus Potyvirus, family Potyviridae) in infections of commercial cucurbit fields. Despite the parsimonious nature of the model, it succeeds in fitting the data well and provides an estimation of the dates and places of successful introduction of each emerging variant as well as a reconstruction of the dynamics of each variant since its introduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Roques
- INRAE, BioSP, 84914, Avignon, France.
| | - C Desbiez
- INRAE, Pathologie Végétale, 84140, Montfavet, France
| | - K Berthier
- INRAE, Pathologie Végétale, 84140, Montfavet, France
| | | | - E Walker
- INRAE, BioSP, 84914, Avignon, France
| | - E K Klein
- INRAE, BioSP, 84914, Avignon, France
| | - J Garnier
- Laboratoire de Mathématiques (LAMA), CNRS and Université de Savoie-Mont Blanc, Chambéry, France
| | - B Moury
- INRAE, Pathologie Végétale, 84140, Montfavet, France
| | - J Papaïx
- INRAE, BioSP, 84914, Avignon, France
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11
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Walker E, Turaga SM, Wang X, Gopalakrishnan R, Shukla S, Basilion JP, Lathia JD. Development of near-infrared imaging agents for detection of junction adhesion molecule-A protein. Transl Oncol 2021; 14:101007. [PMID: 33421750 PMCID: PMC7804988 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2020.101007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Anti-junctional adhesion molecule-A (JAM-A) monoclonal antibodies (mAb) conjugated with near infra-red fluorescent dye, IR700 – as a JAM-A mAb/IR700 agent was developed. An in vivo JAM-A mAb/IR700-specific near infra-red imaging of human-derived prostate and breast cancer xenograft is presented. A single injection of the agent is diminished number of mitotic cells in cancerous tissue of mice bearing heterotopic tumors. Since, our agent depicts the specific accumulation within the targeted tumors, this agent may be adapted to solid tumor targeted photoimmunotherapy.
Introduction Prostate and breast cancer are the most prevalent primary malignant human tumors globally. Prostatectomy and breast conservative surgery remain the most common definitive treatment option for the >500,000 men and women newly diagnosed with localized prostate and breast cancer each year only in the US. Morphological examination is the mainstay of diagnosis but margin under-sampling of the excised cancer tissue may lead to local recurrence. In despite of the progress of non-invasive optical imaging, there is still a clinical need for targeted optical imaging probes that could rapidly and globally visualize cancerous tissues. Methods Elevated expression of junctional adhesion molecule-A (JAM-A) on tumor cells and its multiple pro-tumorigenic activity make the JAM-A a candidate for molecular imaging. Near-infrared imaging probe, which employed anti-JAM-A monoclonal antibody (mAb) phthalocyanine dye IR700 conjugates (JAM-A mAb/IR700), was synthesized and used to identify and visualize heterotopic human prostate and breast tumor mouse xenografts in vivo. Results The intravenously injected JAM-A mAb/IR700 conjugates enabled the non-invasive detection of prostate and breast cancerous tissue by fluorescence imaging. A single dose of JAM-A mAb/IR700 reduced number of mitotic cancer cells in vivo, indicating theranostic ability of this imaging agent. The JAM-A mAb/IR700 conjugates allowed us to image a specific receptor expression in prostate and breast tumors without post-image processing. Conclusion This agent demonstrates promise as a method to image the extent of prostate and breast cancer in vivo and could assist with real-time visualization of extracapsular extension of cancerous tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Walker
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Wearn Building, 11100 Euclid Ave., Cleveland, OH 44106-5056, USA; Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.
| | - S M Turaga
- Lerner Research Institute, 9500 Euclid Avenue, NC10, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA; Department of Biological, Geological, and Environmental Sciences, Cleveland State University, 2121 Euclid Ave., Cleveland, OH 44115, USA
| | - X Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Wearn Building, 11100 Euclid Ave., Cleveland, OH 44106-5056, USA
| | - R Gopalakrishnan
- Department of Radiology, Case Center for Imaging Research, Case Western Reserve University, 11100 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH 44106-7207, USA
| | - S Shukla
- Department of Urology at the University of Florida College of Medicine, Faculty Clinic, 653 West 8th Street, FC12, Jacksonville, FL 32209, USA
| | - J P Basilion
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Wearn Building, 11100 Euclid Ave., Cleveland, OH 44106-5056, USA; Department of Radiology, Case Center for Imaging Research, Case Western Reserve University, 11100 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH 44106-7207, USA; Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - J D Lathia
- Lerner Research Institute, 9500 Euclid Avenue, NC10, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA; Department of Biological, Geological, and Environmental Sciences, Cleveland State University, 2121 Euclid Ave., Cleveland, OH 44115, USA; Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, 9500 Euclid Avenue, NC10, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA; Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
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Jackson MD, Tulloch-Reid MK, McCaw-Binns AM, Aiken W, Ferguson TS, Bennett NR, Harrison L, Badaloo A, McGrowder D, Grindley A, Walker E, Anderson SG. Central adiposity at diagnosis may reduce prostate cancer-specific mortality in African-Caribbean men with prostate cancer: 10-year follow-up of participants in a case-control study. Cancer Causes Control 2020; 31:651-662. [PMID: 32358695 DOI: 10.1007/s10552-020-01306-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE General and central adiposity are associated with the risk of developing prostate cancer (PCa), but the role of these exposures on PCa survival among men of African ancestry are less studied. This study aimed to investigate the association of anthropometry at diagnosis with all-cause and PCa-specific mortality and evaluate whether androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) modulated this risk. METHODS Associations between body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) at diagnosis and mortality were examined in 242 men with newly diagnosed PCa enrolled between 2005 and 2007 and re-evaluated 10.9 years later. Multi-variable Cox proportional hazard models were used to examine associations of body size variables (using standard WHO cut-points and as continuous variables) with mortality, adjusted for sociodemographic characteristics, Gleason score, smoking, diabetes, primary treatment, and ADT therapy. RESULTS A total of 139 deaths (all-cause mortality 6.98/100 person-years) occurred (PCa-specific deaths, 56; other causes, 66; causes unknown, 17). In multi-variable analysis BMI, WC and WHR categories at diagnosis were not associated with all-cause mortality even after adjusting for ADT. While WHR (but not BMI or WC) when included as a continuous variable predicted lower PCa-specific mortality (multi-variable adjusted WHR per 0.1 difference: HR, 0.50; 95%CI 0.28, 0.93), the effect disappeared with ADT covariance and excluding deaths within the first 2 years. CONCLUSION Our study suggests that central adiposity as measured by WHR may improve long-term survival among men of African ancestry. Metabolic studies to understand the mechanism for this association are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria D Jackson
- Department of Community Health & Psychiatry, The University of the West Indies, Mona, Kingston 7, Jamaica.
| | - Marshall K Tulloch-Reid
- Epidemiology Research Unit, Caribbean Institute for Health Research, The University of the West Indies, Mona, Jamaica
| | - Affette M McCaw-Binns
- Department of Community Health & Psychiatry, The University of the West Indies, Mona, Kingston 7, Jamaica
| | - William Aiken
- Department of Surgery, Radiology, Anaesthesia, & Intensive Care, The University of the West Indies, Mona, Jamaica
| | - Trevor S Ferguson
- Epidemiology Research Unit, Caribbean Institute for Health Research, The University of the West Indies, Mona, Jamaica
| | - Nadia R Bennett
- Epidemiology Research Unit, Caribbean Institute for Health Research, The University of the West Indies, Mona, Jamaica
| | | | - Asha Badaloo
- Epidemiology Research Unit, Caribbean Institute for Health Research, The University of the West Indies, Mona, Jamaica
| | - Donovan McGrowder
- Department of Chemical Pathology, The University of the West Indies, Mona, Jamaica
| | - Annielle Grindley
- Department of Community Health & Psychiatry, The University of the West Indies, Mona, Kingston 7, Jamaica
| | - Evelyn Walker
- Department of Community Health & Psychiatry, The University of the West Indies, Mona, Kingston 7, Jamaica
| | - Simon G Anderson
- George Alleyne Chronic Disease Research Centre, Caribbean Institute for Health Research, The University of the West Indies, Bridgetown, Barbados
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
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Jin Y, Heo H, Walker E, Krokhin A, Choi TY, Neogi A. The effects of temperature and frequency dispersion on sound speed in bulk poly (vinyl alcohol) poly (N-isopropylacrylamide) hydrogels caused by the phase transition. Ultrasonics 2020; 104:105931. [PMID: 32156431 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultras.2019.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Revised: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Bulk Poly (Vinyl Alcohol) (PVA) Poly (N-isopropyl acrylamide) (PNIPAm) hydrogel, one of the thermally responsive phase transitive hydrogels, is a versatile material due to its sharp volumetric phase transition and anomalous behaviors with facile tunability by thermal stimulation. At the lower critical solution temperature (LCST) of 33 °C, the hydrogels undergo a volumetric phase transition that causes drastic, non-monotonic change in the elastic modulus, viscosity, stiffness, and speed of sound. Here, we report the temperature and frequency dependence of the speed of sound in bulk PVA-PNIPAm hydrogel as measured by means of a planar resonant cavity. The linear response theory is applied for calculation of frequency dependent speed of sound. Comparisons find standard time of flight techniques underestimate the speed of sound by up to 6%, with variation in the frequency dependent speed of sound reaching as high as 200 m/s in the ultrasonic range of 0.2-0.8 MHz. The first characterization of frequency dependent speed of sound in PVA-PNIPAm hydrogel is addressed and delineated into its phase transition behaviors as connected to temperature. The findings can lead to better characterization of mechanical properties using ultrasonic spectroscopy, and higher resolution in ultrasonic imaging applications with dispersive media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Jin
- Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, University of North Texas, 3940 North Elm Suite F101, Denton, TX 76207, USA
| | - H Heo
- Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, University of North Texas, 3940 North Elm Suite F101, Denton, TX 76207, USA; Department of Physics, University of North Texas, P.O. Box 311427, Denton, TX 76203, USA
| | - E Walker
- Echonovus Inc., 1800 South Loop 288 STE 396 #234, Denton, TX 76205, USA
| | - A Krokhin
- Department of Physics, University of North Texas, P.O. Box 311427, Denton, TX 76203, USA
| | - T Y Choi
- Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, University of North Texas, 3940 North Elm Suite F101, Denton, TX 76207, USA.
| | - A Neogi
- Department of Physics, University of North Texas, P.O. Box 311427, Denton, TX 76203, USA; Advanced Materials and Manufacturing Processes Institute, University of North Texas, 3940 North Elm Street, Box Q, Discovery Park Annex, Denton, TX 76207, USA.
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Abstract
SummaryFrom birth to two years, preschizophrenic children show much higher rates of neuromotor abnormalities and negative affective displays than their healthy siblings. Retrospectively, parents report that preschizophrenic children show more social and interpersonal problems and more abnormalities of thought. Similar results have been found with adolescents who have schizotypal personality disorder. Adolescence appears to be a critical period for the emergence of psychopathology in general, but especially for psychotic disorders. This may in large part be through the actions of gonadal and adrenal hormones, including cortisol, and in particular their influence on the expression of genes. In the case of schizophrenia, these are presumably the vulnerability genes. Patients with schizophrenia have heightened baseline levels of cortisol, and a heightened cortisol response to some biological challenges. Cortisol levels are positively correlated with symptom severity. In addition, the hippocampus, which modulates the activity of the HPA axis, is abnormal in schizophrenia. The HPA axis and hippocampal complex are modulatory neural systems; in the case of schizophrenia, what they might be modulating is the expression of abnormalities in dopamine neurotransmission. Whilst we assume that schizophrenia has prenatal neurodevelopmental origins, neural maturational processes that occur later in life, especially in adolescence, have significant implications for the expression of the illness. It is likely that preventive interventions for schizophrenia, be they pharmacological or behavioural, will have the best chance of success if they are directed at adolescents who are showing preschizophrenic indicators.
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Sherratt FC, Allin BSR, Kirkham JJ, Walker E, Young B, Wood W, Beasant L, Eaton S, Hall NJ. Core outcome set for uncomplicated acute appendicitis in children and young people. Br J Surg 2020; 107:1013-1022. [PMID: 32181505 PMCID: PMC7317752 DOI: 10.1002/bjs.11508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2019] [Revised: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Background Research studies to inform clinical practice and policy in children and young people with appendicitis are hampered by inconsistent selection and reporting of outcomes. The aim of this study was to develop a core outcome set for reporting all studies of uncomplicated acute appendicitis in children and young people. Methods Systematic literature reviews, qualitative interviews with parents and patients treated for uncomplicated acute appendicitis, and a Study‐Specific Advisory Group informed a long list of outcomes. Outcomes were then prioritized by stakeholders based in the UK (patients, parents, and paediatric and general surgeons) in an online three‐round Delphi consensus process, followed by face‐to‐face consensus meetings. Results A long list of 40 items was scored by 147 key stakeholders in the first Delphi round, of whom 90 completed the two subsequent Delphi rounds. The final core outcome set comprises 14 outcomes: intra‐abdominal abscess, reoperation (including interventional radiology procedure), readmission to hospital, bowel obstruction, wound infection, antibiotic failure, wound complication, negative appendicectomy, recurrent appendicitis, death, patient stress/psychological distress, length of hospital stay, time away from full activity and child's quality of
life. Conclusion A core outcome set comprising 14 outcomes across five key domains has been developed for reporting studies in children and young people with uncomplicated acute appendicitis. Further work is required to determine how and when to measure these outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- F C Sherratt
- Institute of Population Health Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - B S R Allin
- National Perinatal Epidemiology Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - J J Kirkham
- Centre for Biostatistics, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - E Walker
- Centre for Outcomes and Experience Research in Children's Health Illness and Disability (ORCHID), Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - B Young
- Institute of Population Health Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - W Wood
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Research Design Service South Central, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - L Beasant
- Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | | | - S Eaton
- Developmental Biology and Cancer Programme, University College London Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - N J Hall
- University Surgery Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
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Woollard DC, Indyk HE, Angyal G, Borbon J, Chase W, Coors U, Davis P, Edwards M, Ellis C, Gore W, Gossard J, Hischenhuber C, Jagodic M, Kerr M, Kmec D, McMahow A, Myers M, Rajamohan R, Saito K, Sullivan D, Tsalkani N, Walker E, Welton K, Wo C, Zaugg S. Taurine Analysis in Milk and Infant Formulae by Liquid Chromatography: Collaborative Study. J AOAC Int 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/jaoac/80.4.860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
A collaborative study was conducted on a liquid chromatographic (LC) method for determination of taurine in infant formula and milk powders. Twenty laboratories participated in the analysis of 8 blind duplicates over the range of approximately 3–60 mg/100 g sample. The method involved protein removal, conversion to the dansyl-derivative, and isocratic LC separation with UV and/or fluorescence detection. Following outlier treatment, overall mean RSDR has been estimated at 7.00% for sup. plemented products with a HORRAT value of 1.1. The poorer precision at endogenous levels establishes a lower limit of determination of about 5 mg/100 g. An overall mean RSDr:RSDR value of 0.7 for all products demonstrated acceptable performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- David C Woollard
- Ministry of Agriculture, Lynfield Food Services Centre, PO Box 41, Auckland, New Zealand
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Viale G, Hanlon Newell AE, Walker E, Bai I, Russo L, Dell'Orto P, Maisonneuve P. Abstract PD2-11: Ki-67 (30-9) scoring and differentiation in Luminal A and Luminal B breast cancer subtypes. Cancer Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.sabcs18-pd2-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction
Ki-67 labeling index is a powerful prognostic marker in breast cancer (BC). It is especially useful in assessing the risk of recurrence for estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) BC, where it may be considered a surrogate of the molecular assays for distinguishing Luminal A-like from Luminal B-like BCs. We evaluated the performance of the VENTANA anti Ki-67 (30-9) rabbit monoclonal antibody in assessing the risk of distant relapses for a large series of patients with ER+ BC treated and followed up in a single Institution.
Patients and Methods
The initial cohort (9415 patients) comprised all women operated on for early ER+, HER2-negative (HER2-) BC at the European Institute of Oncology (IEO), who did not receive neo-adjuvant treatment1. We subsequently restricted the cohort to 3986 patients operated on between 1998-2002 and for whom long-term follow-up data was available. A case-cohort was built by randomly selecting 17% of the above cohort (679 patients, including 84 with events). Additional 303 patients who developed an event (metastasis in distant organs or death due to BC as primary events) were added to this cohort.
Ki-67 was evaluated using the anti-Ki-67 (30-9) antibody (Ventana Medical Systems, Inc., Tucson, AZ) using OptiView IHC DAB detection on the BenchMark ULTRA advanced staining platform. The stained slides were evaluated using the scoring method described by the International Ki-67 in BC Working Group.
We considered “Luminal A-like” tumors that were ER+, HER2-, with Ki-67 <14% or with Ki-67 14-19% and PgR ≥20%, and “Luminal B-like” ER+, HER2- tumors with Ki-67 14-19% and PgR <20% or with Ki-67 ≥20%1.
The main outcome was distant disease-free survival (DDFS) and was calculated from the date of surgery to the date of any first event or last contact with the patient.
Cumulative incidence curves were drawn for patients in the sub-cohort and differences between BC subtypes were assessed using the log-rank test. Multivariable Cox regression with inverse sub-cohort sampling probability weighting was used to evaluate the risk of metastasis or death from BC across groups.
Results
In the sub-cohort, 400 (58.9%) patients had “luminal A-like” and 279 (41.1%) “luminal B-like” BC. The 10-year cumulative incidence of distant metastasis (or BC related death as first event) in the two groups were respectively 8.2% and 24.5% (log rank P<0.0001)
In the whole case-cohort, multivariable analysis confirmed statistically significant increased risk of events for women with “Luminal B-Like” BC compared to women with “Luminal A-Like “BC (HR=1.97; 95% CI 1.38-2.79), after adjustment for pT, pN, PVI and menopausal status.
Conclusion
Ki-67 evaluated using the VENTANA anti-Ki67 (30-9) antibody, was able to stratify patients with endocrine responsive BC, maximizing the number of those classified as having 'Luminal A-like' intrinsic subtype for whom the use of cytotoxic drugs could be at large avoided.
Funding source: Ventana Medical Systems, Inc.
References
Maisonneuve P, Disalvatore D, Rotmensz N, et al. (2014) Proposed new clinicopathological surrogate definitions of luminal A and luminal B (HER2-negative) intrinsic breast cancer subtypes. Breast Cancer Res 16:R65
Citation Format: Viale G, Hanlon Newell AE, Walker E, Bai I, Russo L, Dell'Orto P, Maisonneuve P. Ki-67 (30-9) scoring and differentiation in Luminal A and Luminal B breast cancer subtypes [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2018 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2018 Dec 4-8; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(4 Suppl):Abstract nr PD2-11.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Viale
- European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy; University of Milan, School of Medicine, Milan, Italy; Ventana Medical Systems, Inc., Tucson, AZ; European Institute o Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | - AE Hanlon Newell
- European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy; University of Milan, School of Medicine, Milan, Italy; Ventana Medical Systems, Inc., Tucson, AZ; European Institute o Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | - E Walker
- European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy; University of Milan, School of Medicine, Milan, Italy; Ventana Medical Systems, Inc., Tucson, AZ; European Institute o Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | - I Bai
- European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy; University of Milan, School of Medicine, Milan, Italy; Ventana Medical Systems, Inc., Tucson, AZ; European Institute o Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | - L Russo
- European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy; University of Milan, School of Medicine, Milan, Italy; Ventana Medical Systems, Inc., Tucson, AZ; European Institute o Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | - P Dell'Orto
- European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy; University of Milan, School of Medicine, Milan, Italy; Ventana Medical Systems, Inc., Tucson, AZ; European Institute o Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | - P Maisonneuve
- European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy; University of Milan, School of Medicine, Milan, Italy; Ventana Medical Systems, Inc., Tucson, AZ; European Institute o Oncology, Milan, Italy
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Booth S, Price E, Walker E. Fluctuation, invisibility, fatigue - the barriers to maintaining employment with systemic lupus erythematosus: results of an online survey. Lupus 2019; 27:2284-2291. [PMID: 30451638 PMCID: PMC6247450 DOI: 10.1177/0961203318808593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Objectives Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is associated with high levels of workplace disability and unemployment. The objective of this study was to understand the reasons for this and to describe the barriers and facilitators of employment identified by people with SLE to develop appropriate solutions. Unemployment, as well as unsuitable work, has adverse health outcomes. Methods Adults with SLE completed a UK-specific online survey, through the LUPUS UK website, designed to find out more about the difficulties and successes that people with SLE have in maintaining employment. The survey was predominantly qualitative, to understand participants’ employment experiences to generate possible solutions. Results Three hundred and ninety-three people gave detailed responses to the survey within eight weeks. Every respondent reported a detrimental effect of SLE on their ability to work: 40.45% had left employment because of it. The themes of concern to respondents were unambiguous: (i) the difficulties of working (and career damage) with SLE, (ii) fear and anxiety overshadowing work/family life, (iii) the greater potential to remain in some employment or stay in full employment when modifications of work pattern and support from management and colleagues were available. SLE-related fatigue, its invisibility and fluctuating nature were felt to be the main barriers to maintaining employment. Numerous respondents could work only part-time and anxiety was high regarding their future ability to continue working. Many had taken substantial pay reductions and refused offered promotions to preserve their health. Distress due to loss of work and the benefits it brings were reported by every respondent who had left work. Conclusion SLE presents specific difficulties for maintaining employment – fatigue, fluctuation and invisibility – not addressed by current anti-discrimination legislation or currently available ‘reasonable adjustments’. This study demonstrates that (i) employment is an important area of concern for people with SLE, (ii) SLE has significant detrimental effects on individuals’ ability to participate and progress in employment, (iii) legislators and employers need information about SLE as invisibility and fluctuation cause hidden problems, and (iv) more data is needed to inform workplace adjustments if individual distress and societal loss of skills are to be addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Booth
- 1 Cambridge Breathlessness Intervention Service, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - E Price
- 2 Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Hull, Hull, UK
| | - E Walker
- 2 Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Hull, Hull, UK
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Walker E, Neogi A, Bozhko A, Zubov Y, Arriaga J, Heo H, Ju J, Krokhin AA. Nonreciprocal Linear Transmission of Sound in a Viscous Environment with Broken P Symmetry. Phys Rev Lett 2018; 120:204501. [PMID: 29864343 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.120.204501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Reciprocity is a fundamental property of the wave equation in a linear medium that originates from time-reversal symmetry, or T symmetry. For electromagnetic waves, reciprocity can be violated by an external magnetic field. It is much harder to realize nonreciprocity for acoustic waves. Here we report the first experimental observation of linear nonreciprocal transmission of ultrasound through a water-submerged phononic crystal consisting of asymmetric rods. Viscosity of water is the factor that breaks the T symmetry. Asymmetry, or broken P symmetry along the direction of sound propagation, is the second necessary factor for nonreciprocity. Experimental results are in agreement with numerical simulations based on the Navier-Stokes equation. Our study demonstrates that a medium with broken PT symmetry is acoustically nonreciprocal. The proposed passive nonreciprocal device is cheap, robust, and does not require an energy source.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Walker
- Department of Physics, University of North Texas, P.O. Box 311427, Denton, Texas 76203, USA
- Echonovus Inc., 1800 South Loop 288 STE 396 #234, Denton, Texas 76205, USA
| | - A Neogi
- Department of Physics, University of North Texas, P.O. Box 311427, Denton, Texas 76203, USA
| | - A Bozhko
- Department of Physics, University of North Texas, P.O. Box 311427, Denton, Texas 76203, USA
| | - Yu Zubov
- Department of Physics, University of North Texas, P.O. Box 311427, Denton, Texas 76203, USA
| | - J Arriaga
- Instituto de Física, Universidad Autónoma de Puebla Apartado Postal J-48, 72570 Puebla, México
| | - H Heo
- Department of Mechanical & Energy Engineering, University of North Texas, 3940 North Elm Suite F101, Denton, Texas 76207, USA
| | - J Ju
- UM-SJTU Joint Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - A A Krokhin
- Department of Physics, University of North Texas, P.O. Box 311427, Denton, Texas 76203, USA
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Walker E, Jelocnik M, Bommana S, Timms P, Carver S, Polkinghorne A. Understanding the health and production impacts of endemic Chlamydia pecorum infections in lambs. Vet Microbiol 2018; 217:90-96. [PMID: 29615263 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2018.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2017] [Revised: 02/15/2018] [Accepted: 03/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Lamydia pecorum is a globally recognised livestock pathogen that is capable of causing severe and economically significant diseases such as arthritis in sheep and cattle. Relatively little information is available on the clinical progression of disease and the long-term effects of asymptomatic and symptomatic chlamydiosis in sheep. Recent studies in calves indicate that endemic C. pecorum infections may reduce growth rates. To investigate the clinical health parameters and production impacts of endemic C. pecorum infection in an Australian commercial lamb flock, we performed bimonthly sampling and clinical health assessments on 105 Border Leicester lambs from two to ten months of age. Chlamydial status was investigated via serology and species-specific quantitative PCR. Throughout the study period, conjunctivitis remained a persistent clinical feature while signs of arthritis (e.g. palpable synovial joint effusions) resolved in a subset of lambs while persisting in others. Clinical disease and C. pecorum infection were highest at six months of age (weaning). As previously reported, peak seroconversion tends to occur two months after the onset of clinical symptoms (6 months of age), with lambs clearing chlamydial infection by 10 months of age, despite ongoing disease still being present at this time. Notably, the presence of chlamydial infection did not affect lamb mass or growth rates throughout the study. At necropsy, C. pecorum was not detected within the joints of lambs with chronic arthritis. Molecular analysis of the strains in this flock suggest that the infecting strains circulating in this flock are clonal C. pecorum pathotypes, denoted ST 23, commonly associated with conjunctivitis and polyarthritis in Australian sheep. This study provides a platform for further research in the epidemiology and disease transmission dynamics of C. pecorum infections in sheep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evelyn Walker
- Central West Local Land Services, Dubbo, NSW, 2830, Australia; Centre for Animal Health Innovation, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, QLD, 4556, Australia
| | - Martina Jelocnik
- Centre for Animal Health Innovation, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, QLD, 4556, Australia
| | - Sankhya Bommana
- Centre for Animal Health Innovation, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, QLD, 4556, Australia
| | - Peter Timms
- Centre for Animal Health Innovation, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, QLD, 4556, Australia
| | - Scott Carver
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, 7001, Australia
| | - Adam Polkinghorne
- Centre for Animal Health Innovation, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, QLD, 4556, Australia.
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Abstract
AbstractThe study explored the implementation of workplace health programmes in 14 NHS Trusts (hospitals). It sought to identify different approaches to implementation and measures that could be used to guide future development. The study comprised inter-related elements examining the process of implementing workplace health and the impact on staff. An innovative action research approach was applied to the evaluation. The aims of the evaluation were to generate activity and learning within the organisations which was sustainable (long term) and transferable outside the study organisations. The study is described in terms of the multiple methods and the ways in which these have been brought together in the analysis. The approach has been informed by a shift from an individualistic perspective towards one which sees the health of workers within the broader context of organisational development and management. The research identified a number of dilemmas for workplace health with its focus on the health of the individual. A typology was developed which describes different approaches to workplace health and their impact on sustaining such initiatives. It suggests that for workplace health to be successful it must address the organisational context as well as individual staff needs. Results from a survey of staff in the 14 trusts seems to demonstrate an association between the approaches, described in the typology, and an impact on staff. Workplace health programmes need to shift towards approaches where the individual’s health is seen within the wider context of the organisation.
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Bommana S, Walker E, Desclozeaux M, Jelocnik M, Timms P, Polkinghorne A, Carver S. Molecular and serological dynamics of Chlamydia pecorum infection in a longitudinal study of prime lamb production. PeerJ 2018; 6:e4296. [PMID: 29379689 PMCID: PMC5787346 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.4296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2017] [Accepted: 01/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Chlamydia pecorum is a globally significant livestock pathogen causing pathology and production losses. The on-farm infection and serological dynamics and the relevance of existing diagnostic tools for diagnosing C. pecorum in livestock remains poorly characterized. In this study, we characterized the antigen and antibody dynamics of this pathogen in a longitudinal study of prime lamb production, utilizing the infection focused C. pecorum-specific 16S rRNA qPCR assay and serology based chlamydial Complement fixation Test (CFT). Methods The study consisted of 76 Border Leicester mixed sex lambs (39 females and 37 males) that were sampled bimonthly from 2–10 months of age in a commercial farm operating in Central NSW, Australia. Blood/plasma was analysed for CFT antibodies, and swabs from conjunctival, rectal and vaginal sites were analysed for C. pecorum shedding using qPCR. We assessed the temporal and overall dynamics of C. pecorum in lambs, including detailed description and comparison of qPCR and CFT, the timing of first detection by either diagnostic method, the lag between infection and antibody response; and the distribution of qPCR load and CFT antibody titre over time. Results Over the study period, C. pecorum was highly prevalent (71.0% by qPCR, 92.1% by CFT, 96.0% by both), with 21.1% (16/76) lambs shedding ≥1, 000 qPCR copies/µl (denoted as high shedders). C. pecorum shedding (as evidence of infection) were first observed at two months of age (14.4%) with a significant peak of infection occurring at six months of age (34.2%), whereas seroconversions peaked at eight months of age (81.5%). 52.6% of C. pecorum qPCR and CFT positive lambs became qPCR negative by 10 months of age, indicating clearance of chlamydial infection. Although CFT is utilised for on-farm detection of active infection, we confirm that it lagged behind qPCR detection (average lag 1.7 ± 2.1 months) and that the proportion of qPCR positives simultaneously identified by CFT was low with 2/11 (18.1%), 0/13, 17/25 (68.0%), 5/7 (71.4%) and 1/10 (10.0%) concurrent seroconversions occurring at two, four, six, eight and 10 months of age, respectively. Discussion This work reveals rapid rates of C. pecorum infection and widespread exposure during lamb production. The comparison of molecular and serological diagnostic agreement longitudinally, supports the use of qPCR as an important ancillary tool for the detection of active infections in conjunction with chlamydial CFT for routine veterinary diagnostics. Development of rapid Point-of-Care (POC) tools for diagnosing active infection would be valuable for producers and veterinarians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sankhya Bommana
- Centre for Animal Health Innovation, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, Australia
| | | | - Marion Desclozeaux
- Centre for Animal Health Innovation, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, Australia
| | - Martina Jelocnik
- Centre for Animal Health Innovation, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, Australia
| | - Peter Timms
- Centre for Animal Health Innovation, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, Australia
| | - Adam Polkinghorne
- Centre for Animal Health Innovation, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, Australia
| | - Scott Carver
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
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Bommana S, Walker E, Desclozeaux M, Timms P, Polkinghorne A. Humoral immune response against two surface antigens of Chlamydia pecorum in vaccinated and naturally infected sheep. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0188370. [PMID: 29190736 PMCID: PMC5708773 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0188370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2017] [Accepted: 10/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Chlamydia pecorum is a globally recognised livestock pathogen due to the significant clinical and economic impact it poses to livestock producers. Routine serological diagnosis is through a complement fixation test (CFT), which is often criticised for cross-reactivity, poor sensitivity and specificity. Although serology remains the preferred method in veterinary diagnostic laboratories, serological assays based on surface antigens of C. pecorum have not been established until now. In this study, we evaluated the use of two chlamydial recombinant protein antigens (PmpG and MOMP-G) by a direct IgG ELISA method for detection of ovine anti-chlamydial antibodies. Using the Pepscan method we then identified B cell epitopes across PmpG and MOMP-G proteins, in lambs with (a) naturally occurring asymptomatic C. pecorum infections (b) C. pecorum-associated polyarthritis and (c) recombinant PmpG and MOMP-G vaccine. Plasma IgG antibodies to PmpG in natural infection of lambs were detected earlier in infection than CFT and served as an acute phase marker. Antibodies to MOMP-G IgG were significantly heightened in lambs with C. pecorum-associated polyarthritis. PmpG and MOMP-G specific B-cell epitope mapping revealed epitope responses in immunised lambs cluster with some of the epitope responses in naturally infected lambs. B-cell epitope mapping further revealed that lambs with polyarthritis recognised several unique PmpG (50% frequency, peptide 8, 25, 40, 41 and 50) and MOMP (50% frequency, peptide 50) epitopes in comparison to asymptomatic infections. The findings of this study will have implications towards improved serodiagnosis of C. pecorum infections in livestock and inform the downstream development of alternative peptide-based antigens for future C. pecorum vaccine studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sankhya Bommana
- Centre for Animal Health Innovation, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, Australia
| | - Evelyn Walker
- Centre for Animal Health Innovation, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, Australia
- Central West Local Land Services, Dubbo, Australia
| | - Marion Desclozeaux
- Centre for Animal Health Innovation, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, Australia
| | - Peter Timms
- Centre for Animal Health Innovation, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, Australia
| | - Adam Polkinghorne
- Centre for Animal Health Innovation, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, Australia
- * E-mail:
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Thomas J, Christenson JK, Walker E, Baby KE, Peterson GM. Scabies-An ancient itch that is still rampant today. J Clin Pharm Ther 2017; 42:793-799. [DOI: 10.1111/jcpt.12631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2017] [Accepted: 09/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. Thomas
- Faculty of Health; University of Canberra; Bruce ACT Australia
| | | | - E. Walker
- Faculty of Health; University of Canberra; Bruce ACT Australia
| | - K. E. Baby
- The Canberra Hospital; Yamba Drive; Garran ACT Australia
| | - G. M. Peterson
- Faculty of Health; University of Tasmania; Hobart TAS Australia
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Todd S, Rafferty P, Walker E, Hunter M, Dinsmore WW, Donnelly CM, McCarty EJ, Quah SP, Emerson CR. Early clinical experience of dolutegravir in an HIV cohort in a larger teaching hospital. Int J STD AIDS 2017; 28:1074-1081. [PMID: 28118801 DOI: 10.1177/0956462416688127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Dolutegravir (DTG) is the third HIV integrase inhibitor (INI) available for prescription in Belfast since July 2014. It has shown high virological efficacy in both treatment-naïve and -experienced patients. We carried out a retrospective case chart analysis of HIV-1-positive adults commenced on DTG between July 2014 and September 2015. Patients were identified from records as either treatment-naïve or antiretroviral therapy (ART) experienced. Outcomes included: (1) virological response (HIV-1 RNA viral load at 0, 4, 8 and 12 weeks), (2) immunological response (CD4+ cell count at 0, 4, 8 and 12 weeks) and (3) tolerability (side effects and discontinuation). The main exclusion criteria were patients transferring care already established on DTG from other treatment centres or inadequate follow-up information (defined as attendance at <50% of clinical and serological follow-up visits). One hundred and fifty-seven commenced DTG out of 823 patients on ART; 106 (68%) were switched to DTG from another regimen, and 51 (32%) were ART-naïve. One naïve and 14 treatment-experienced patients were excluded from the analysis due to failure to attend clinical follow-up. Analysis of HIV-1 RNA viral load (HIV-1 VL) was divided into three groups: 50 new starters, 68 suppressed at switch and 24 not suppressed at switch. New starters: Baseline median HIV-1 RNA VL 71,259 copies/mL (19,536Q25-196,413Q75); 73% were virally undetectable (HIV-1 RNA VL <70 copies/mL) by week 4. Switching patients: Of those with an HIV-1 RNA undetectable viral load prior to switching, two were detectable with a mean viral load of 443,730 copies/mL after four weeks. Of the 24 patients detectable at switch (median HIV-1 VL 2212 [311Q25-43,467Q75]), 10 were detectable after four weeks. For those with a recordable viraemia, the median HIV-1 VL reduced to 376 (220Q25-1181Q75). At week 12, four patients were detectable with a median VL of 12,390 (567Q25-52,285Q75). Overall, 56 (35%) reported side effects; 40 (25%) reported either difficulty with low mood, anxiety or sleep disturbance. Sixteen (10%) discontinued DTG, with 13 (8%) due to intolerable side effects. DTG is a useful drug in naïve or switch patients. It has the potential to effectively suppress the viral load within the first four weeks of treatment and thus reduces infectiousness. Within the cohort, DTG was generally well tolerated but side effects such as low mood, anxiety and sleep disturbance were high, with 8% of patients discontinuing treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sej Todd
- Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast, UK
| | | | - E Walker
- Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast, UK
| | - M Hunter
- Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast, UK
| | | | | | | | - S P Quah
- Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast, UK
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26
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Mullan D, Bolton J, Davenport S, Mcgeough M, Mcmonagle J, Neely M, Waring C, Carelton J, Walker E. 1383: Implementation of a nurse led acute chest pain team: Impact on patient care. Eur J Cardiovasc Nurs 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcnurse.2007.01.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- D. Mullan
- Chest Pain Team, Cardiology Unit, Belfast City Hospital Trust, Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 TAB, United Kingdom
| | - J. Bolton
- Chest Pain Team, Cardiology Unit, Belfast City Hospital Trust, Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 TAB, United Kingdom
| | - S. Davenport
- Chest Pain Team, Cardiology Unit, Belfast City Hospital Trust, Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 TAB, United Kingdom
| | - M. Mcgeough
- Chest Pain Team, Cardiology Unit, Belfast City Hospital Trust, Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 TAB, United Kingdom
| | - J. Mcmonagle
- Chest Pain Team, Cardiology Unit, Belfast City Hospital Trust, Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 TAB, United Kingdom
| | - M. Neely
- Chest Pain Team, Cardiology Unit, Belfast City Hospital Trust, Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 TAB, United Kingdom
| | - C. Waring
- Chest Pain Team, Cardiology Unit, Belfast City Hospital Trust, Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 TAB, United Kingdom
| | - J. Carelton
- Chest Pain Team, Cardiology Unit, Belfast City Hospital Trust, Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 TAB, United Kingdom
| | - E. Walker
- Chest Pain Team, Cardiology Unit, Belfast City Hospital Trust, Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 TAB, United Kingdom
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Kolbo JR, Zhang L, Werle N, Molaison EF, Harbaugh BL, Kirkup M, Walker E. Overweight and Obesity Prevalence and Trends Among Mississippi Public School Students: A Decade of Data Between 2005 and 2015. J Miss State Med Assoc 2016; 58:310-317. [PMID: 30398757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
This study estimated. the prevalence of overweight and obesity in Mississippi public school students in grades K-12 and examined changes between 2005 and 2015. In 2015, the prevalence of overweight, obesity, and both combined remained higher than national averages, yet the rates have neither increased nor decreased significantly since 2005 (p = 0.6904). In 2015, as with all previous years, there was no difference between boys and girls (p=0.570). As in all previous years, the prevalence of obesity in 2015 was significantly higher among black students (p < 0.001) than among white students. Similar to 2011 and 2013, there was a significant difference by grade level in 2015 (p=0.0029), with the lowest prevalence again among the elementary students. The significant linear decrease in obesity prevalence among elementary school students observed during 2013 continued to 2015 (p = 0.0209). Trends are discussed in the context of state policy and recent research.
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28
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Walker E, Novotny M. Art of infertility: curating patient-centered perspectives via an artifact oral history methodology. Fertil Steril 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2016.07.126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Walker E, Collier E. Hidden in plain sight; the reality for older military veterans. J Psychiatr Ment Health Nurs 2016; 23:143-4. [PMID: 27170069 DOI: 10.1111/jpm.12292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- E Walker
- School of Nursing, Midwifery, Social Work & Social Sciences, University of Salford, Salford, UK.
| | - E Collier
- School of Nursing, Midwifery, Social Work & Social Sciences, University of Salford, Salford, UK
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Oliver CM, Walker E, Giannaris S, Grocott MPW, Moonesinghe SR. Risk assessment tools validated for patients undergoing emergency laparotomy: a systematic review. Br J Anaesth 2015; 115:849-60. [PMID: 26537629 DOI: 10.1093/bja/aev350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Emergency laparotomies are performed commonly throughout the world, but one in six patients die within a month of surgery. Current international initiatives to reduce the considerable associated morbidity and mortality are founded upon delivering individualised perioperative care. However, while the identification of high-risk patients requires the routine assessment of individual risk, no method of doing so has been demonstrated to be practical and reliable across the commonly encountered spectrum of presentations, co-morbidities and operative procedures. A systematic review of Embase and Medline identified 20 validation studies assessing 25 risk assessment tools in patients undergoing emergency laparotomy. The most frequently studied general tools were APACHE II, ASA-PS and P-POSSUM. Comparative, quantitative analysis of tool performance was not feasible due to the heterogeneity of study design, poor reporting and infrequent within-study statistical comparison of tool performance. Reporting of calibration was notably absent in many prognostic tool validation studies. APACHE II demonstrated the most consistent discrimination of individual outcome across a variety of patient groups undergoing emergency laparotomy when used either preoperatively or postoperatively (area under the curve 0.76-0.98). While APACHE systems were designed for use in critical care, the ability of APACHE II to generate individual risk estimates from objective, exclusively preoperative data items may lead to better-informed shared decisions, triage and perioperative management of patients undergoing emergency laparotomy. Future endeavours should include the recalibration of APACHE II and P-POSSUM in contemporary cohorts, modifications to enable prediction of morbidity and assessment of the impact of adoption of these tools on clinical practice and patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- C M Oliver
- UCL/UCLH Surgical Outcome Research Centre (SOuRCe), 3rd Floor, Maples Link Corridor, University College Hospital, 235 Euston Road, London NW1 2BU, UK National Institute of Academic Anaesthesia Health Services Research Centre, Royal College of Anaesthetists, London, UK Centre for Anaesthesia, University College London, London, UK
| | - E Walker
- UCL/UCLH Surgical Outcome Research Centre (SOuRCe), 3rd Floor, Maples Link Corridor, University College Hospital, 235 Euston Road, London NW1 2BU, UK National Institute of Academic Anaesthesia Health Services Research Centre, Royal College of Anaesthetists, London, UK Centre for Anaesthesia, University College London, London, UK
| | - S Giannaris
- Centre for Anaesthesia, University College London, London, UK
| | - M P W Grocott
- National Institute of Academic Anaesthesia Health Services Research Centre, Royal College of Anaesthetists, London, UK University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK Integrative Physiology and Critical Illness Group, Clinical and Experimental Sciences Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust/University of Southampton, NIHR Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit, Southampton, UK
| | - S R Moonesinghe
- UCL/UCLH Surgical Outcome Research Centre (SOuRCe), 3rd Floor, Maples Link Corridor, University College Hospital, 235 Euston Road, London NW1 2BU, UK National Institute of Academic Anaesthesia Health Services Research Centre, Royal College of Anaesthetists, London, UK Centre for Anaesthesia, University College London, London, UK
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31
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Walker E, Lee EJ, Timms P, Polkinghorne A. Chlamydia pecorum infections in sheep and cattle: A common and under-recognised infectious disease with significant impact on animal health. Vet J 2015; 206:252-60. [PMID: 26586214 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2015.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2015] [Revised: 09/23/2015] [Accepted: 09/24/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
There is a growing recognition that infections of livestock by the obligate intracellular bacterium, Chlamydia pecorum, are more widespread than was previously thought. A range of diseases have been associated with this pathogen, with the most important manifestations including infectious arthritis, infertility, enteritis, reduced growth rates, mastitis, and pneumonia. C. pecorum infections have also been associated with sub-clinical disease, highlighting our lack of knowledge about its true economic impact on livestock producers. Diagnosis of C. pecorum infection is based on clinical findings, serology and histopathology, which are not necessarily implemented in subclinical or early stages of infection, thus potentially contributing to under-diagnosis and under-reporting of infections associated with this bacterium. Recent molecular epidemiology studies have revealed that C. pecorum is genetically diverse and that there may be an association between certain strains and disease in sheep and cattle. Antimicrobial treatment of affected animals has questionable efficacy, justifying development of chlamydia vaccines for livestock. This review summarises current knowledge of the prevalence and impact of C. pecorum infections in sheep and cattle and provides an update on attempts to improve detection, management and treatment of infections by this important obligate intracellular pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evelyn Walker
- Centre for Animal Health Innovation, Faculty of Science, Health, Education and Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, QLD, Australia; Central West Local Land Services, Dubbo, NSW, Australia
| | - Effie J Lee
- State Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Elizabeth Macarthur Agricultural Institute, Menangle, NSW, Australia
| | - Peter Timms
- Centre for Animal Health Innovation, Faculty of Science, Health, Education and Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, QLD, Australia
| | - Adam Polkinghorne
- Centre for Animal Health Innovation, Faculty of Science, Health, Education and Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, QLD, Australia.
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Bergin P, Jayabal J, Walker E, Jones P, Yates K, Thornton V, Dalzeil S, Litchfield R, Roberts L, Timog J, Bennett P, Te Ao B, Parmer P, Feigin V, Davis S, Beghi E, Rossetti A. Use of epinet database for observational study of status epilepticus in Auckland, New Zealand. J Neurol Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2015.08.490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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33
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Watson MJ, Walker E, Halliday S, Binning A, Rowell S, Lumsden MA, Higgins M, McConnachie A. Duration of analgesia for hip fracture using an ED95 dose of levobupivacaine. Anaesthesia 2015; 70:1218-9. [PMID: 26372877 DOI: 10.1111/anae.13221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M J Watson
- South Glasgow University Hospital, Glasgow, UK.
| | - E Walker
- South Glasgow University Hospital, Glasgow, UK
| | - S Halliday
- South Glasgow University Hospital, Glasgow, UK
| | - A Binning
- South Glasgow University Hospital, Glasgow, UK
| | - S Rowell
- Joondalup Health Campus, Perth, Australia
| | | | - M Higgins
- Golden Jubilee National Hospital, Glasgow, UK
| | - A McConnachie
- Robertson Centre for Biostatistics, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
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Didier E, Cai Y, Sugimoto C, Liu D, Midkiff C, Walker E, Arainga M, Haupt E, Alvarez X, Fahlberg M, Kuroda M. Pulmonary macrophage alterations associated with aging and SIV infection in rhesus macaques (VIR9P.1155). The Journal of Immunology 2015. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.194.supp.215.21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Accelerated aging occurs in HIV-infected persons HIV, despite ART, as seen by earlier onset of chronic inflammatory diseases and HIV-associated non-AIDS (HANA) conditions than in non-HIV-infected individuals. In the rhesus macaque SIV model, we reported earlier that increasing monocyte turnover associated with tissue macrophage death predicted onset of terminal disease progression. Here, we hypothesize that macrophage dysregulation contributes to accelerated aging that occurs during SIV infection. We compared macrophage populations of the lung in older and younger uninfected and SIV-infected rhesus macaques. We observed that the ratio of alveolar macrophages (AM) to interstitial macrophages (IM) was significantly lower in chronic SIV-infected younger macaques and older uninfected monkeys compared to uninfected young macaques. The mechanisms differed, however, because the lower ratio in the older uninfected monkeys was due to lower numbers of AM while the shift during SIV infection of younger adults was due to increasing numbers of IM. Functionally, AM of older vs younger uninfected animals exhibited higher levels of pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion (TNFα, IL12) during incubation in medium yet produced lower levels of cytokines after induction with LPS ex vivo. During the acute phase of SIV infection, we observed a higher turnover of monocytes and IM in older compared to younger macaques. This suggests that AM become dysregulated during aging and SIV/HIV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Didier
- 1Division of Microbiology, Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, LA
| | - Y Cai
- 2Division of Immunology, Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, LA
| | - C. Sugimoto
- 2Division of Immunology, Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, LA
| | - D. Liu
- 3Division of Pathology, Tulane. National Primate Research Center, Covington, LA
| | - C. Midkiff
- 3Division of Pathology, Tulane. National Primate Research Center, Covington, LA
| | - E Walker
- 2Division of Immunology, Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, LA
| | - M Arainga
- 2Division of Immunology, Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, LA
| | - E Haupt
- 2Division of Immunology, Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, LA
| | - X Alvarez
- 3Division of Pathology, Tulane. National Primate Research Center, Covington, LA
| | - M Fahlberg
- 1Division of Microbiology, Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, LA
| | - Marcelo Kuroda
- 2Division of Immunology, Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, LA
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Kuroda M, Cai Y, Sugimoto C, Arainga M, Midkiff C, Walker E, Haupt E, Alvarez X, Lackner A, Kim W, Didier E. Distinct impact of SIV infection in interstitial and alveolar lung macrophages on the pathogenesis of lung disease in rhesus macaques (VIR9P.1147). The Journal of Immunology 2015. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.194.supp.215.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Declining CD4+ T cells during HIV infection contributes to immunodeficiency, but we recently reported that increasing monocyte turnover better predicted onset of terminal disease progression to AIDS in SIV-infected rhesus macaques. Here we describe the kinetics of SIV infection on distinct lung macrophage subsets and on monocyte/macrophage turnover rates in relation to pulmonary disease progression in rhesus macaques. Monocyte and tissue macrophage turnover were monitored by in vivo BrdU injection and cell uptake. Cell-associated SIV DNA in lung tissue was quantified by qPCR and in situ hybridization. Massive SIV infection was associated with increasing death rate of shorter-lived lung interstitial macrophages (IM) with elevated monocyte turnover and progression to AIDS. Conversely, the turnover of alveolar macrophages (AM) and decreasing numbers of CD4+ T cells in lung tissue did not directly correlate with disease progression. SIV DNA levels within IM and AM of the lung increased as monocyte turnover increased, but did not change within lung CD4+ T cells regardless of the stage of disease. These data suggest that SIV infection and concurrent destruction of lung IM contribute to pulmonary pathogenesis during AIDS progression while the longer-lived AM that become infected may contribute to establishing a virus reservoir. Also, bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) specimens contain AM but not IM, so may be insufficient for fully evaluating macrophage-mediated responses in the lung.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo Kuroda
- 1Division of Immunology, Tulane National Primate Res Center, Covington, LA
| | - Y Cai
- 1Division of Immunology, Tulane National Primate Res Center, Covington, LA
| | - C. Sugimoto
- 1Division of Immunology, Tulane National Primate Res Center, Covington, LA
| | - M Arainga
- 1Division of Immunology, Tulane National Primate Res Center, Covington, LA
| | - C. Midkiff
- 2Division of Comparative Pathology, Tulane National Primate Res Center, Covington, LA
| | - E Walker
- 1Division of Immunology, Tulane National Primate Res Center, Covington, LA
| | - E Haupt
- 1Division of Immunology, Tulane National Primate Res Center, Covington, LA
| | - X Alvarez
- 2Division of Comparative Pathology, Tulane National Primate Res Center, Covington, LA
| | - A Lackner
- 2Division of Comparative Pathology, Tulane National Primate Res Center, Covington, LA
| | - W. Kim
- 3Department of Microbiology & Molecular Cell Biology, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA
| | - Elizabeth Didier
- 4Division of Microbiology, Tulane National Primate Res Center, Covington, LA
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Walker E, Ma WJ. Rethinking the aperture problem: a story of competing priors. J Vis 2014. [DOI: 10.1167/14.10.17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Hoffman LM, Donson AM, Nakachi I, Griesinger AM, Birks DK, Amani V, Hemenway MS, Liu AK, Wang M, Hankinson TC, Handler MH, Foreman NK, Zakrzewska M, Zakrzewski K, Fendler W, Stefanczyk L, Liberski PP, Massimino M, Gandola L, Ferroli P, Valentini L, Biassoni V, Garre ML, Sardi I, Genitori L, Giussani C, Massimi L, Bertin D, Mussano A, Viscardi E, Modena P, Mastronuzzi A, Barra S, Scarzello G, Cinalli G, Peretta P, Giangaspero F, Massimino M, Boschetti L, Biassoni V, Garre ML, Schiavello E, Sardi I, Genitori L, Bertin D, Modena P, Calareso G, Barra S, Scarzello G, Cinalli G, Peretta P, Mastronuzzi A, Giussani C, Giangaspero F, Antonelli M, Pecori E, Gandola L, Massimino M, Biassoni V, Di Meco F, Garre ML, Schiavello E, Sardi I, Genitori L, Bertin D, Viscardi E, Modena P, Barra S, Scarzello G, Cinalli G, Peretta P, Migliorati R, Taborelli A, Giangaspero F, Antonelli M, Pecori E, Gandola L, Witt H, Sill M, Wani K, Mack SC, Capper D, Pajtler K, Lambert S, Tzaridis T, Milde T, Northcott PA, Kulozik AE, Witt O, Collins VP, Ellison DW, Taylor MD, Kool M, Jones DTW, Korshunov A, Ken A, Pfister SM, Makino K, Nakamura H, Kuroda JI, Kuratsu JI, Toledano H, Margolin Y, Ohali A, Michowiz S, Witt H, Johann P, Tzaridis T, Tabori U, Walker E, Hawkins C, Taylor M, Yaniv I, Avigad S, Hoffman L, Plimpton SR, Foreman NK, Stence NV, Hankinson TC, Handler MH, Hemenway MS, Vibhakar R, Liu AK, Lourdusamy A, Rahman R, Ward J, Rogers H, Grundy R, Punchihewa C, Lee R, Lin T, Orisme W, Dalton J, Aronica E, Smith A, Gajjar A, Onar A, Pounds S, Tatevossian R, Merchant T, Ellison D, Parker M, Mohankumar K, Punchihewa C, Weinlich R, Dalton J, Tatevossian R, Phoenix T, Thiruvenkatam R, White E, Gupta K, Gajjar A, Merchant T, Boop F, Smith A, Ding L, Mardis E, Wilson R, Downing J, Ellison D, Gilbertson R, Ward J, Lourdusamy A, Speed D, Gould T, Grundy R, Rahman R, Mack SC, Witt H, Pfister SM, Korshunov A, Taylor MD, Consortium TIE, Hoffman LM, Griesinger A, Donson A, Birks D, Amani V, Foreman NK, Ohe N, Yano H, Nakayama N, Iwama T, Wright K, Hassall T, Bowers DC, Crawford J, Bendel A, Fisher PG, Merchant T, Ellison D, Klimo P, Boop F, Armstrong G, Qaddoumi I, Robinson G, Wetmore C, Broniscer A, Gajjar A, Rogers H, Chapman R, Mayne C, Duane H, Kilday JP, Coyle B, Grundy R, Graul-Conroy A, Hartsell W, Bragg T, Goldman S, Rebsamen S, Puccetti D, Salamat S, Patel NJ, Gomi A, Oguma H, Hayase T, Kawahara Y, Yagi M, Morimoto A, Wilbur C, Dunham C, Hawkins C, Tabori U, Mabbott D, Carret AS, Lafay-Cousin L, McNeely PD, Eisenstat D, Wilson B, Johnston D, Hukin J, Mynarek M, Kortmann RD, Kaatsch P, Pietsch T, Timmermann B, Fleischhack G, Benesch M, Friedrich C, von Bueren AO, Gerber NU, Muller K, Tippelt S, Warmuth-Metz M, Rutkowski S, von Hoff K, Murugesan MK, White E, Poppleton H, Thiruvenkatam R, Gupta K, Currle S, Kranenburg T, Eden C, Wright K, Ellison D, Gilbertson R, Boulos N, Dapper J, Patel Y, Wright K, Mohankumar K, Freeman B, Gajjar A, Shelat A, Stewart C, Guy R, Gilbertson R, Adamski J, Taylor M, Tabori U, Huang A, Bartels U, Ramaswamy V, Krishnatry R, Laperriere N, Hawkins C, Bouffet E, Araki A, Chocholous M, Gojo J, Dorfer C, Czech T, Dieckmann K, Slavc I, Haberler C, Pietsch T, Mynarek M, Doerner E, Muehlen AZ, Warmuth-Metz M, Kortmann R, von Buehren A, Friedrich C, von Hoff K, Rutkowski S, von Hoff K, Kortmann RD, Gerber NU, Mynarek M, Muller K, Friedrich C, von Bueren AO, Benesch M, Warmuth-Metz M, Ottensmeier H, Resch A, Kwiecien R, Faldum A, Kuehl J, Pietsch T, Rutkowski S, Sabnis D, Storer L, Simmonds L, Blackburn S, Lowe J, Grundy R, Kerr I, Coyle B, Pietsch T, Wohlers I, Goschzik T, Dreschmann V, Denkhaus D, Doerner E, Rahmann S, Klein-Hitpass L, Iglesias MJL, Riet FG, Dhermain FD, Canale S, Dufour C, Rose CS, Puget S, Grill J, Bolle S, Parkes J, Davidson A, Figaji A, Pillay K, Kilborn T, Padayachy L, Hendricks M, Van Eyssen A, Piccinin E, Lorenzetto E, Brenca M, Massimino M, Modena P, Taylor M, Ramaswamy V, Bouffet E, Aldape K, Cho YJ, Weiss W, Phillips J, Jabado N, Mora J, Fan X, Jung S, Lee JY, Zitterbart K, French P, Kros JM, Hauser P, Faria C, Korshunov A, Pfister S, Mack SC. EPENDYMOMA. Neuro Oncol 2014; 16:i17-i25. [PMCID: PMC4046284 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/nou068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/07/2023] Open
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Watson MJ, Walker E, Rowell S, Halliday S, Lumsden MA, Higgins M, Binning A, McConnachie A. Femoral nerve block for pain relief in hip fracture: a dose finding study. Anaesthesia 2014; 69:683-6. [DOI: 10.1111/anae.12683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. J. Watson
- Department of Anaesthesia; Gartnavel General Hospital; Glasgow UK
| | - E. Walker
- Department of Anaesthesia; Gartnavel General Hospital; Glasgow UK
| | - S. Rowell
- Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital; Perth Western Australia Australia
| | - S. Halliday
- Department of Anaesthesia; Gartnavel General Hospital; Glasgow UK
| | - M. A. Lumsden
- Reproductive and Maternal Medicine; Glasgow Royal Infirmary; Glasgow UK
| | - M. Higgins
- Golden Jubilee National Hospital; Glasgow UK
| | - A. Binning
- Department of Anaesthesia; Gartnavel General Hospital; Glasgow UK
| | - A. McConnachie
- Robertson Centre for Biostatistics; University of Glasgow; Glasgow UK
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Zhang L, Kolbo JR, Kirkup M, Molaison EF, Harbaugh BL, Werle N, Walker E. Prevalence and trends in overweight and obesity among Mississippi public school students, 2005-2013. J Miss State Med Assoc 2014; 55:80-87. [PMID: 24834609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
This study estimated the prevalence of overweight and obesity in Mississippi public school students in grades K-12 and assessed changes in the prevalence between 2005 and 2013. In 2013, Body Mass Index was calculated using measured height and weight data for a weighted representative sample of 4,402 public school students. Additional analyses compared 2013 prevalence estimates by gender, race, and grade levels and for changes between 2005 and 2013. The prevalence of overweight and obesity among public school students no longer appears to be increasing although no significant downward trend was observed (p = 0.0862), and rates remain higher than national averages. In 2013, the combined prevalence of overweight and obesity for all students in grades K-12 was 41.8%, as compared to 40.9% in 2011, 42.4% in 2009, 42.1% in 2007 and 43.9% in 2005. Significant decreases in overweight and obesity were found among white students and elementary school students from 2005 to 2013. White students' combined rates fell from 40.6% in 2005 to 36.8% in 2013 (p = 0.0007). Similarly, combined rates in elementary school students dropped from 43.0% in 2005 to 38.0% in 2013 (p = 0.0002). Additionally, 2013 marked the first year that a significant decline in obesity prevalence was noted among elementary school students, from 25.0% in 2005 to 22.0% in 2013 (p = 0.0163). In 2013, the prevalence of obesity was significantly higher among black students (p < 0.001) and middle school students (p = 0.048). These findings are discussed in light of recent state-wide educational and policy initiatives and on health disparities. Implications for future practice, policy and research are presented.
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Chitilian J, Thillainadesan G, Manias J, Chang W, Walker E, Isovic M, Stanford W, Torchia J. Critical Components of the Pluripotency Network Are Targets for the p300/CBP Interacting Protein (p/CIP) in Embryonic Stem Cells. Stem Cells 2014; 32:204-15. [DOI: 10.1002/stem.1564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2012] [Revised: 08/14/2013] [Accepted: 08/23/2013] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- J.M. Chitilian
- Department of Oncology; The London Regional Cancer Program and the Lawson Health Research Institute; London Ontario Canada
- Department of Biochemistry; The University of Western Ontario; London Ontario Canada
| | - G. Thillainadesan
- Department of Oncology; The London Regional Cancer Program and the Lawson Health Research Institute; London Ontario Canada
- Department of Biochemistry; The University of Western Ontario; London Ontario Canada
| | - J.L. Manias
- Sprott Centre for Stem Cell Research, Regenerative Medicine Program; Ottawa Hospital Research Institute; Ottawa Ontario Canada
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine; Faculty of Medicine; University of Ottawa; Ottawa Ontario Canada
| | - W.Y. Chang
- Sprott Centre for Stem Cell Research, Regenerative Medicine Program; Ottawa Hospital Research Institute; Ottawa Ontario Canada
| | - E. Walker
- Centre for the Commercialization of Regenerative Medicine; Toronto Ontario Canada
| | - M. Isovic
- Department of Oncology; The London Regional Cancer Program and the Lawson Health Research Institute; London Ontario Canada
| | - W.L. Stanford
- Sprott Centre for Stem Cell Research, Regenerative Medicine Program; Ottawa Hospital Research Institute; Ottawa Ontario Canada
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine; Faculty of Medicine; University of Ottawa; Ottawa Ontario Canada
| | - J. Torchia
- Department of Oncology; The London Regional Cancer Program and the Lawson Health Research Institute; London Ontario Canada
- Department of Biochemistry; The University of Western Ontario; London Ontario Canada
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Krause JS, Dismuke CE, Acuna J, Sligh-Conway C, Walker E, Washington K, Reed KS. Race-ethnicity and poverty after spinal cord injury. Spinal Cord 2013; 52:133-8. [PMID: 24296805 PMCID: PMC3946286 DOI: 10.1038/sc.2013.147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2013] [Revised: 10/04/2013] [Accepted: 10/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Objective Our objective was to examine the relationship between race-ethnicity and poverty status after spinal cord injury (SCI). Study Design Secondary analysis of existing data. Setting A large specialty hospital in the southeastern United States (US). Methods Participants were 2,043 adults with traumatic SCI in the US. Poverty status was measured using criteria from the US Census Bureau. Results Whereas only 14% of non-Hispanic White participants were below the poverty level, 41.3% of non-Hispanic Blacks were in poverty. Logistic regression with three different models identified several significant predictors of poverty including marital status, years of education, level of education, age, and employment status. Non-Hispanic Blacks had 2.75 greater odds of living in poverty after controlling for other factors, including education and employment. Conclusions We may need to consider quality of education and employment to better understand the elevated risk of poverty among non-Hispanic Blacks in the US.
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Affiliation(s)
- J S Krause
- Department of Health Sciences and Research, College of Health Professions, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - C E Dismuke
- Department of Health Sciences and Research, College of Health Professions, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - J Acuna
- Department of Health Sciences and Research, College of Health Professions, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - C Sligh-Conway
- Rehabilitation Counseling Program, South Carolina State University, Orangeburg, SC, USA
| | - E Walker
- Department of Health Sciences and Research, College of Health Professions, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - K Washington
- Rehabilitation Counseling Program, South Carolina State University, Orangeburg, SC, USA
| | - K S Reed
- Department of Health Sciences and Research, College of Health Professions, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
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Bolger N, Downey G, Walker E, Steininger P. The onset of suicidal ideation in childhood and adolescence. J Youth Adolesc 2013; 18:175-90. [PMID: 24271685 DOI: 10.1007/bf02138799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/1988] [Accepted: 09/01/1988] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Event history analysis is used to address questions about the timing of first suicidal ideation during preadolescence and adolescence. Are suicidal thoughts atypical during development? Does the age trajectory of suicidal thoughts parallel that of suicidal actions? Do factors that moderate the risk of suicidal actions also moderate the risk of suicidal thoughts, and does their influence vary by developmental stage? Based on life history data from 364 college students, results indicate that suicidal thoughts in childhood are typical and that the risk of such thoughts begins to increase by age nine. Risk rates are affected by demographic factors (gender, race) and by the experience of parental absence. However, the influence of these factors depends on developmental stage, with whites being at increased risk only during adolescence, and parental absence having its strongest effect during preadolescence. In sum, this study suggests that many children and adolescents contemplate suicide, that the risk of doing so begins to increase at an early age, and that clear similarities exist between those groups at heightened risk for suicidal thought and those at heightened risk for suicidal action. Moreover, this study illustrates the power of employing an analytic technique suitable for modeling transitions. Finally, it highlights the need to model differential influences on suicidal ideation at different stages in development.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Bolger
- Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, 48106-1248, Ann Arbor, Michigan
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Hermis Matti L, Miheso J, Walker E. Incidental finding of recurrent adenocarcinoma of the cervix during simple hysterectomy for menorrhagia. J OBSTET GYNAECOL 2013; 33:748-9. [PMID: 24127976 DOI: 10.3109/01443615.2013.815156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- L Hermis Matti
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Forth Valley Royal Hospital , Larbert
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Amro H, Gulam M, Chetty I, Walker E. SU-C-108-07: Possible Implications for Skin Toxicity in Large Breasted Women with the Use of Enhance Dynamic-Wedged (EDW) Tangential Fields. Med Phys 2013. [DOI: 10.1118/1.4813945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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Christofides L, Dohmen C, Webb G, Webb S, Onyango B, Walker E. Effects of ergot alkaloid consumption on horses completing a standardized trail ride. J Equine Vet Sci 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2013.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Ingram J, Sutton K, Lo K, Walker E, Parkar S, Ansell J, Monro J, Huffman L, Poppitt S. Foods for appetite control: Developing plant-based functional foods targeting satiety. Obes Res Clin Pract 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.orcp.2012.08.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Miller B, Dickinson M, Nurushev T, Rasmusson R, Smith C, Orfali A, Wen N, Cormier A, Gifford L, Dragovic J, Movsas B, Aref I, Levin K, Ryu S, Ajlouni M, Walker E, Pradhan D, Chetty I. SU-E-T-197: A Comprehensive Variance Reporting System and an Analysis of Variances Reported at Our Institution. Med Phys 2012; 39:3748. [PMID: 28517805 DOI: 10.1118/1.4735256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE It is essential for radiation oncology departments to have comprehensive patient safety and quality programs. Two years ago we undertook a systematic review of our safety/QA program. Existing policies were updated and new policies created where necessary. One crucial component of any safety/QA program is continually updating it based on current information, the 'check' and 'act' portions of the Deming Cycle. We accomplished this with a transparent variance reporting system and a safety/QA committee reviewing and acting on reported variances. METHODS With 5 radiation oncology centers in our institution, we needed to devise a system that would allow anyone to report a variance and provide our QA committee the ability to review variances system-wide. We developed the system using web-based tools. The system allows individuals to report variances, anonymously or named, specify the nature of the variance and indicate the tools used to identify the variance. RESULTS In 2011, 285 variances were reported, 102 were reported by physicists, 86 anonymously, 71 by therapists and 26 by dosimetrists. We realized the need to develop clear classifications for variances. We added a high priority category, defined as variances which resulted in or had the potential to result in harm to a patient or when a policy is purposely overridden. Of the 285 variances reported, 5 were high priority. We created a process variance category, defined as variances where a specific clinical process is not followed. Of the 285 reported variances 155 were process variances. CONCLUSIONS Reporting of variances through a centralized database is central toward developing a robust patient safety/quality assurance program. Anonymous reporting fosters a non-punitive environment, and promotes the 'safety culture'. The goal of such a system is to review trends in clinical processes and ultimately to improve safety/quality by reducing variances associated with these processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Miller
- Henry Ford Health System, Clinton Twp., MI.,Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI.,Henry Ford Health System, Brownstown Twp, MI.,Henry Ford Health System, West Bloomfield, MI
| | - M Dickinson
- Henry Ford Health System, Clinton Twp., MI.,Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI.,Henry Ford Health System, Brownstown Twp, MI.,Henry Ford Health System, West Bloomfield, MI
| | - T Nurushev
- Henry Ford Health System, Clinton Twp., MI.,Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI.,Henry Ford Health System, Brownstown Twp, MI.,Henry Ford Health System, West Bloomfield, MI
| | - R Rasmusson
- Henry Ford Health System, Clinton Twp., MI.,Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI.,Henry Ford Health System, Brownstown Twp, MI.,Henry Ford Health System, West Bloomfield, MI
| | - C Smith
- Henry Ford Health System, Clinton Twp., MI.,Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI.,Henry Ford Health System, Brownstown Twp, MI.,Henry Ford Health System, West Bloomfield, MI
| | - A Orfali
- Henry Ford Health System, Clinton Twp., MI.,Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI.,Henry Ford Health System, Brownstown Twp, MI.,Henry Ford Health System, West Bloomfield, MI
| | - N Wen
- Henry Ford Health System, Clinton Twp., MI.,Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI.,Henry Ford Health System, Brownstown Twp, MI.,Henry Ford Health System, West Bloomfield, MI
| | - A Cormier
- Henry Ford Health System, Clinton Twp., MI.,Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI.,Henry Ford Health System, Brownstown Twp, MI.,Henry Ford Health System, West Bloomfield, MI
| | - L Gifford
- Henry Ford Health System, Clinton Twp., MI.,Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI.,Henry Ford Health System, Brownstown Twp, MI.,Henry Ford Health System, West Bloomfield, MI
| | - J Dragovic
- Henry Ford Health System, Clinton Twp., MI.,Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI.,Henry Ford Health System, Brownstown Twp, MI.,Henry Ford Health System, West Bloomfield, MI
| | - B Movsas
- Henry Ford Health System, Clinton Twp., MI.,Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI.,Henry Ford Health System, Brownstown Twp, MI.,Henry Ford Health System, West Bloomfield, MI
| | - I Aref
- Henry Ford Health System, Clinton Twp., MI.,Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI.,Henry Ford Health System, Brownstown Twp, MI.,Henry Ford Health System, West Bloomfield, MI
| | - K Levin
- Henry Ford Health System, Clinton Twp., MI.,Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI.,Henry Ford Health System, Brownstown Twp, MI.,Henry Ford Health System, West Bloomfield, MI
| | - S Ryu
- Henry Ford Health System, Clinton Twp., MI.,Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI.,Henry Ford Health System, Brownstown Twp, MI.,Henry Ford Health System, West Bloomfield, MI
| | - M Ajlouni
- Henry Ford Health System, Clinton Twp., MI.,Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI.,Henry Ford Health System, Brownstown Twp, MI.,Henry Ford Health System, West Bloomfield, MI
| | - E Walker
- Henry Ford Health System, Clinton Twp., MI.,Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI.,Henry Ford Health System, Brownstown Twp, MI.,Henry Ford Health System, West Bloomfield, MI
| | - D Pradhan
- Henry Ford Health System, Clinton Twp., MI.,Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI.,Henry Ford Health System, Brownstown Twp, MI.,Henry Ford Health System, West Bloomfield, MI
| | - I Chetty
- Henry Ford Health System, Clinton Twp., MI.,Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI.,Henry Ford Health System, Brownstown Twp, MI.,Henry Ford Health System, West Bloomfield, MI
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Rosemergy I, Bergin P, Jones P, Walker E. Seizure management at Auckland City Hospital Emergency Department between July and December 2009: time for a change? Intern Med J 2012; 42:1023-9. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1445-5994.2012.02818.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Francki MG, Shankar M, Walker E, Loughman R, Golzar H, Ohm H. New quantitative trait loci in wheat for flag leaf resistance to Stagonospora nodorum blotch. Phytopathology 2011; 101:1278-84. [PMID: 21770777 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-02-11-0054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Stagonospora nodorum blotch (SNB) is a significant disease in some wheat-growing regions of the world. Resistance in wheat to Stagonospora nodorum is complex, whereby genes for seedling, flag leaf, and glume resistance are independent. The aims of this study were to identify alternative genes for flag leaf resistance, to compare and contrast with known quantitative trait loci (QTL) for SNB resistance, and to determine the potential role of host-specific toxins for SNB QTL. Novel QTL for flag leaf resistance were identified on chromosome 2AS inherited from winter wheat parent 'P92201D5' and chromosome 1BS from spring wheat parent 'EGA Blanco'. The chromosomal map position of markers associated with QTL on 1BS and 2AS indicated that they were unlikely to be associated with known host-toxin insensitivity loci. A QTL on chromosome 5BL inherited from EGA Blanco had highly significant association with markers fcp001 and fcp620 based on disease evaluation in 2007 and, therefore, is likely to be associated with Tsn1-ToxA insensitivity for flag leaf resistance. However, fcp001 and fcp620 were not associated with a QTL detected based on disease evaluation in 2008, indicating two linked QTL for flag leaf resistance with multiple genes residing on 5BL. This study identified novel QTL and their effects in controlling flag leaf SNB resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- M G Francki
- Department of Agriculture and Food Western Australia, Australia.
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Nurushev T, Kim J, Hearshen D, Pantelic M, Kotys-Traughber M, Elshaikh M, Walker E, Chetty I, Movsas B. A Pilot Study on the Feasibility of MRI Simulation in Radiation Therapy Using an Open-Platform MR Scanner. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2011.06.1614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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