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Vicosa Bauermann F, Falkenberg S, Rudd JM, Peter CM, Merchioratto I, Ritchey JW, Gilliam J, Taylor J, Ma H, Maggioli MF. Immune Responses to Influenza D Virus in Calves Previously Infected with Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus 2. Viruses 2023; 15:2442. [PMID: 38140683 PMCID: PMC10747992 DOI: 10.3390/v15122442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) induces immunosuppression and thymus depletion in calves. This study explores the impact of prior BVDV-2 exposure on the subsequent immune response to influenza D virus (IDV). Twenty 3-week-old calves were divided into four groups. Calves in G1 and G3 were mock-treated on day 0, while calves in G2 and G4 received BVDV. Calves in G1 (mock) and G2 (BVDV) were necropsied on day 13 post-infection. IDV was inoculated on day 21 in G3 calves (mock + IDV) and G4 (BVDV + IDV) and necropsy was conducted on day 42. Pre-exposed BVDV calves exhibited prolonged and increased IDV shedding in nasal secretions. An approximate 50% reduction in the thymus was observed in acutely infected BVDV calves (G2) compared to controls (G1). On day 42, thymus depletion was observed in two calves in G4, while three had normal weight. BVDV-2-exposed calves had impaired CD8 T cell proliferation after IDV recall stimulation, and the α/β T cell impairment was particularly evident in those with persistent thymic atrophy. Conversely, no difference in antibody levels against IDV was noted. BVDV-induced thymus depletion varied from transient to persistent. Persistent thymus atrophy was correlated with weaker T cell proliferation, suggesting correlation between persistent thymus atrophy and impaired T cell immune response to subsequent infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Vicosa Bauermann
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Oklahoma State University (OSU), Stillwater, OK 74078, USA
| | - Shollie Falkenberg
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
- Animal Research Services, National Animal Disease Center, United States Department of Agriculture, Ames, IA 50010, USA
| | - Jennifer M. Rudd
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Oklahoma State University (OSU), Stillwater, OK 74078, USA
| | - Cristina Mendes Peter
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Oklahoma State University (OSU), Stillwater, OK 74078, USA
- Center for Medical Bioinformatics, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Federal University of Sao Paulo (UNIFESP), Sao Paulo 04039-032, Brazil
| | - Ingryd Merchioratto
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Oklahoma State University (OSU), Stillwater, OK 74078, USA
- Setor de Virologia, Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Jerry W. Ritchey
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Oklahoma State University (OSU), Stillwater, OK 74078, USA
| | - John Gilliam
- Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA
| | - Jared Taylor
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Oklahoma State University (OSU), Stillwater, OK 74078, USA
| | - Hao Ma
- Animal Research Services, National Animal Disease Center, United States Department of Agriculture, Ames, IA 50010, USA
| | - Mayara Fernanda Maggioli
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Oklahoma State University (OSU), Stillwater, OK 74078, USA
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Merchioratto I, Mendes Peter C, Ramachandran A, Maggioli MF, Vicosa Bauermann F. Viability of Veterinary-Relevant Viruses in Decomposing Tissues over a 90-Day Period Using an In-Vitro System. Pathogens 2023; 12:1104. [PMID: 37764912 PMCID: PMC10537333 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12091104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Depopulation is frequently employed during outbreaks of high-impact animal diseases. Security breaches in sites managing mortality may jeopardize pathogen control efforts as infected carcasses can serve as an infection source. This study evaluated the viability and nucleic acid detection of veterinary-relevant viruses or their surrogates in decomposing tissues. The used viruses were: Senecavirus A1 (SVA), feline calicivirus (FCV), bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV), porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV), bovine alphaherpesvirus 1 (BoHV-1), and swinepox virus (SwPV). Viruses were spiked in three decomposing tissues (swine bone marrow and spleen, and bovine bone marrow) and maintained for 90 days. Samples were kept under two temperature conditions resembling the average soil temperature in central Oklahoma, US, during the winter and summer (5.5 °C and 29.4 °C). At 5.5 °C, SVA and FCV remained viable over the 90 days of the study, followed by BVDV (75 days), BoHV-1 and SwPV (60 days), and PEDV (10 days). At 29.4 °C, SVA remained viable for 45 days, followed by BVDV and BoHV-1 (14 days). SwPV was viable for 10 days, whereas FCV and PEDV were viable for 5 days. Overall, viral nucleic acid detection was not significantly altered during the study. These findings support decision-making and risk management in sites overseeing animal mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingryd Merchioratto
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Oklahoma State University (OSU), Stillwater, OK 74078, USA
| | - Cristina Mendes Peter
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Oklahoma State University (OSU), Stillwater, OK 74078, USA
- Center for Medical Bioinformatics, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Federal University of Sao Paulo (UNIFESP), Sao Paulo 04039-032, SP, Brazil
| | - Akhilesh Ramachandran
- Molecular Diagnostics, Oklahoma Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory, Oklahoma State University (OSU), Stillwater, OK 74078, USA
| | - Mayara Fernanda Maggioli
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Oklahoma State University (OSU), Stillwater, OK 74078, USA
| | - Fernando Vicosa Bauermann
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Oklahoma State University (OSU), Stillwater, OK 74078, USA
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Vicosa Bauermann F, Maggioli MF. Pathogenesis and Host Responses to Viral Diseases in Livestock Species. Viruses 2023; 15:v15040925. [PMID: 37112905 PMCID: PMC10147033 DOI: 10.3390/v15040925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Infectious diseases in livestock species are responsible for significant economic losses worldwide and constantly threaten food security [...]
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Vicosa Bauermann
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA
| | - Mayara F. Maggioli
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA
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4
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Ebling R, Paim WP, Turner J, Flory G, Seiger J, Whitcomb C, Remmenga M, Vuolo M, Ramachandran A, Cole L, Flores EF, Miknis R, Brewer B, Miller L, Bailey K, Talley J, Bauermann FV. Virus viability in spiked swine bone marrow tissue during above-ground burial method and under in vitro conditions. Transbound Emerg Dis 2022; 69:2987-2995. [PMID: 35092641 PMCID: PMC9790394 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.14462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The emergence of high consequence animal diseases usually requires managing significant mortality. A desirable aspect of any carcass management method is the ability to contain and inactivate the target pathogen. The above-ground burial (AGB) technique was recently developed and proposed as an alternative carcass management method. Here, we investigate the tenacity of swinepox virus (SwPV), as a surrogate model for African swine fever virus (ASFV) in swine carcasses during the AGB process. For this, SwPV was inoculated intrafemorally in 90 adult swine carcasses, which were subsequently disposed under AGB conditions. Bone marrow samples were recovered periodically throughout 12 months and virus viability was assessed by virus isolation (VI), whereas the presence of SwPV DNA was evaluated by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Additionally, an in vitro study assessed the inactivation rate of SwPV, Senecavirus A (SVA), and bovine viral diarrhoea virus (BVDV). Viral suspensions were mixed with bone marrow material and maintained at 21-23°C for 30 days. Virus viability was assessed by VI and viral titration. In the field study, SwPV remained viable only in 11 (55%) bone marrow samples collected on day 7; only viral DNA (and not infectivity) was detected afterwards. SwPV inactivation was estimated to have occurred by day 11. The in vitro testing revealed a variable tenacity of the studied viruses. The viability period was estimated in 28, 80, and 118 days, respectively, for BVDV, SwPV, and SVA. Overall, these findings indicate that the AGB technique was effective in quickly inactivating SwPV. Additionally, the SwPV inactivation rate is comparable to ASFV under field studies and poses a potential model for preliminary ASFV inactivation studies with reduced biosecurity requirements. Moreover, this study contributes to understanding the inactivation kinetics of viruses under specific conditions, which is critical when designing and applying countermeasures in case of biosecurity breaches in sites managing animal mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Ebling
- Department of Veterinary PathobiologyCollege of Veterinary MedicineOklahoma State UniversityStillwaterOklahomaUSA,Setor de VirologiaUniversidade Federal de Santa MariaSanta MariaBrazil
| | - Willian Pinto Paim
- Department of Veterinary PathobiologyCollege of Veterinary MedicineOklahoma State UniversityStillwaterOklahomaUSA,Laboratório de VirologiaFaculdade de VeterináriaUniversidade Federal do Rio Grande do SulPorto AlegreBrazil
| | - Justin Turner
- Department of Entomology & Plant PathologyFerguson College of AgricultureOklahoma State UniversityStillwaterOklahomaUSA
| | - Gary Flory
- G.A. Flory ConsultingMt. CrawfordVirginiaUSA,Virginia Department of Environmental QualityHarrisonburgVirginiaUSA
| | - Jeremy Seiger
- Envirotech Engineering & Consulting, Inc.Oklahoma CityOklahomaUSA
| | - Caleb Whitcomb
- Oklahoma Department of Agriculture, Food and ForestryOklahoma CityOklahomaUSA
| | - Marta Remmenga
- Center for Epidemiology and Animal Health, Veterinary ServicesU.S. Department of AgricultureAnimal and Plant Health Inspection ServicesFort CollinsColoradoUSA
| | - Matthew Vuolo
- Center for Epidemiology and Animal Health, Veterinary ServicesU.S. Department of AgricultureAnimal and Plant Health Inspection ServicesFort CollinsColoradoUSA
| | - Akhilesh Ramachandran
- Molecular Diagnostic LaboratoryOklahoma Animal Disease Diagnostic LaboratoryOklahoma State UniversityStillwaterOklahomaUSA
| | - Leslie Cole
- United States Department of AgricultureAnimal and Plant Health Inspection ServiceVeterinary ServicesField OperationsOklahoma CityOklahomaUSA
| | | | - Robert Miknis
- U.S. Department of AgricultureAnimal and Plant Health Inspection ServicesFort CollinsColoradoUSA
| | - Becky Brewer
- United States Department of AgricultureAnimal and Plant Health Inspection ServiceVeterinary ServicesField OperationsOklahoma CityOklahomaUSA
| | - Lori Miller
- United States Department of Agriculture Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service Veterinary ServicesStrategy and PolicyRiverdaleMarylandUSA
| | - Keith Bailey
- Molecular Diagnostic LaboratoryOklahoma Animal Disease Diagnostic LaboratoryOklahoma State UniversityStillwaterOklahomaUSA,Charles River LaboratoriesMattawanMichiganUSA
| | - Justin Talley
- Department of Entomology & Plant PathologyFerguson College of AgricultureOklahoma State UniversityStillwaterOklahomaUSA
| | - Fernando Vicosa Bauermann
- Department of Veterinary PathobiologyCollege of Veterinary MedicineOklahoma State UniversityStillwaterOklahomaUSA
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Turner JH, Paim WP, Maggioli MF, Peter CM, Miknis R, Talley J, Bauermann FV. Prolonged Viability of Senecavirus A in Exposed House Flies ( Musca domestica). Viruses 2022; 14:v14010127. [PMID: 35062331 PMCID: PMC8780564 DOI: 10.3390/v14010127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
House flies (Musca domestica) are often present in swine farms worldwide. These flies utilize animal secretions and waste as a food source. House flies may harbor and transport microbes and pathogens acting as mechanical vectors for diseases. Senecavirus A (SVA) infection in pigs occurs via oronasal route, and animals shed high virus titers to the environment. Additionally, SVA possesses increased environmental resistance. Due to these reasons, we investigated the tenacity of SVA in house flies. Five groups of flies, each composed of ten females and ten males, were exposed to SVA, titer of 109.3 tissue culture infectious dose (TCID50/mL). Groups of male and female flies were collected at 0, 6, 12, 24, and 48 h post-exposure. For comparison purposes, groups of flies were exposed to Swinepox virus (SwPV). Infectious SVA was identified in all tested groups. Successful isolation of SVA demonstrated the titers varied between 106.8 and 102.8 TCID50/mL in female groups and varied from 105.85 to 103.8 TCID50/mL in male groups. In contrast, infectious SwPV was only detected in the female group at 6 h. The significant SVA infectious titer for prolonged periods of time, up to 48 h, indicates a potential role of flies in SVA transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin Heath Turner
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Oklahoma State University (OSU), Stillwater, OK 74078, USA; (J.H.T.); (W.P.P.); (M.F.M.); (C.M.P.)
- Department of Entomology & Plant Pathology, Ferguson College of Agriculture, Oklahoma State University (OSU), Stillwater, OK 74078, USA
| | - Willian Pinto Paim
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Oklahoma State University (OSU), Stillwater, OK 74078, USA; (J.H.T.); (W.P.P.); (M.F.M.); (C.M.P.)
- Laboratório de Virologia, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 90040-060, Brazil
| | - Mayara Fernanda Maggioli
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Oklahoma State University (OSU), Stillwater, OK 74078, USA; (J.H.T.); (W.P.P.); (M.F.M.); (C.M.P.)
| | - Cristina Mendes Peter
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Oklahoma State University (OSU), Stillwater, OK 74078, USA; (J.H.T.); (W.P.P.); (M.F.M.); (C.M.P.)
| | - Robert Miknis
- United States Department of Agriculture Animal and Plant Inspection Service Veterinary Service Strategy and Policy Office of Interagency Coordination, Fort Collins, CO 80526, USA;
| | - Justin Talley
- Department of Entomology & Plant Pathology, Ferguson College of Agriculture, Oklahoma State University (OSU), Stillwater, OK 74078, USA
- Correspondence: (J.T.); (F.V.B.)
| | - Fernando Vicosa Bauermann
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Oklahoma State University (OSU), Stillwater, OK 74078, USA; (J.H.T.); (W.P.P.); (M.F.M.); (C.M.P.)
- Correspondence: (J.T.); (F.V.B.)
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Gómez-Romero N, Basurto-Alcántara FJ, Verdugo-Rodríguez A, Lagunes-Quintanilla R, Bauermann FV, Ridpath JF. Detection of border disease virus in Mexican cattle. Transbound Emerg Dis 2017; 65:267-271. [PMID: 28474402 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.12641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The genus Pestivirus within Flaviviridae is comprised of four recognized species, namely, bovine viral diarrhoea virus 1 (BVDV-1), bovine viral diarrhoea virus 2 (BVDV-2), border disease virus (BDV) and classical swine fever virus (CSFV). BDV, while primarily infecting sheep and goats, has also been reported in cattle and wild animals. Infections of sheep and goats result in economic loss due to abortions and the birth of persistently infected animals that have poor production and reduced life expectancy. In this study, we report the detection of BDV in cattle serum collected as part of pestivirus surveillance programme from six regions of Mexico, where a 67.1% of BVDV seroprevalence was calculated previously. Phylogenetic analyses based on comparison of the 5'UTR region typed the Mexican strains as BDV-1. Border disease (BD) is listed as an exotic disease in Mexico, and the origin of BDV found in these cattle is unclear. This is the first identification of BDV in Mexican cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Gómez-Romero
- Laboratorio de Vacunología y Constatación, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Ciudad de México, México
| | - F J Basurto-Alcántara
- Laboratorio de Vacunología y Constatación, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Ciudad de México, México
| | - A Verdugo-Rodríguez
- Laboratorio de Microbiología Molecular, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Ciudad de México, México
| | - R Lagunes-Quintanilla
- Centro Nacional de Investigación Disciplinaria en Parasitología Veterinaria, INIFAP, Jiutepec, Morelos, Mexico
| | - F V Bauermann
- Ruminant Diseases and Immunology Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, United States Department of Agriculture, Ames, IA, USA
| | - J F Ridpath
- Ruminant Diseases and Immunology Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, United States Department of Agriculture, Ames, IA, USA
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Dias RK, Cargnelutti JF, Weber MN, Canal CW, Bauermann FV, Ridpath JF, Weiblen R, Flores EF. Antigenic diversity of Brazilian isolates of HoBi-like pestiviruses. Vet Microbiol 2017; 203:221-228. [PMID: 28619148 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2017.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2017] [Revised: 03/09/2017] [Accepted: 03/16/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Hobi-like viruses comprise an unclassified group of bovine pestiviruses related to bovine viral diarrhea virus 1 (BVDV-1) and 2 (BVDV-2). These viruses were originally identified in fetal bovine serum from Brazilian origin and, subsequently, isolated from diseased animals in several countries. Herein we performed an antigenic characterization of eight Brazilian HoBi-like viruses isolated from persistently infected (PI) animals and from gastroenteric disease (2007-2015). Phylogenetic analysis based on the 5' unstranslated region (UTR) clustered these viruses with other HoBi-like viruses from European and Asiatic origin. Monoclonal antibody (MAb) binding indicated variability in the Hobi-like virus glycoprotein E2 and significant differences from the homologous BVDV-1 and BVDV-2 glycoprotein. Analysis of antigenic relatedness based on virus-neutralizing titers using virus-specific antisera revealed that HoBi-like viruses are antigenically very different from BVDV-1 and, to a lesser extent, from BVDV-2. Cross-neutralizing assays between pairs of HoBi-like viruses and their respective antisera indicated the existence of antigenic variability among these viruses, even for viruses isolated from the same herd in different occasions. Moreover, the identification of a HoBi-like isolate with low antigenic similarity with the other isolates indicates the potential existence of antigenic subgroups among HoBi-like virus isolates. Finally, sera of lambs immunized with commercial BVDV vaccines showed low or undetectable neutralizing activity against HoBi-like isolates. These results indicate significant antigenic differences between BVDV genotypes and Brazilian HoBi-like viruses and the existence of antigenic variability within this atypical group of pestiviruses. These findings extend the knowledge about the antigenic diversity of HoBi-like viruses and reinforce the need for their inclusion in current BVDV vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- R K Dias
- Setor de Virologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Prédio 63A, Centro de Eventos, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil
| | - J F Cargnelutti
- Setor de Virologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Prédio 63A, Centro de Eventos, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil
| | - M N Weber
- Laboratório de Virologia, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - C W Canal
- Laboratório de Virologia, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - F V Bauermann
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, Animal Disease Research and Diagnostic Laboratory, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007, United States of America
| | - J F Ridpath
- Ruminant Diseases and Immunology Unit, National Animal Disease Center, Ames, IA 50010, United States of America.
| | - R Weiblen
- Setor de Virologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Prédio 63A, Centro de Eventos, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil
| | - E F Flores
- Setor de Virologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Prédio 63A, Centro de Eventos, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil.
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8
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Weber MN, Bauermann FV, Bayles DO, Canal CW, Neill JD, Ridpath JF. Comparison of 'HoBi'-like viral populations among persistent infected calves generated under experimental conditions and to inoculum virus. Virology 2016; 492:225-31. [PMID: 26971244 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2016.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2016] [Revised: 02/26/2016] [Accepted: 03/01/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Like other members from the Pestivirus genus, 'HoBi'-like pestiviruses cause economic losses for cattle producers due to both acute and persistent infections. The present study analyzed for the first time PI animals derived from a controlled infection with two different 'HoBi'-like strains where the animals were maintained under conditions where superinfection by other pestiviruses could be excluded. The sequence of the region coding for viral glycoproteins E1/E2 of variants within the swarms of viruses present in the PI calves and two viral inoculums used to generate them were compared. Differences in genetic composition of the viral swarms were observed suggesting that host factors can play a role in genetic variations among PIs. Moreover, PIs generated with the same inoculum showed amino acid substitutions in similar sites of the polyprotein, even in serum from PIs with different quasispecies composition, reinforcing that some specific sites in E2 are important for host adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M N Weber
- Laboratório de Virologia, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - F V Bauermann
- Ruminant Diseases and Immunology Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service (ARS), National Animal Disease Center (NADC), United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), Ames, IA, United States
| | - D O Bayles
- Ruminant Diseases and Immunology Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service (ARS), National Animal Disease Center (NADC), United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), Ames, IA, United States
| | - C W Canal
- Laboratório de Virologia, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - J D Neill
- Ruminant Diseases and Immunology Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service (ARS), National Animal Disease Center (NADC), United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), Ames, IA, United States
| | - J F Ridpath
- Ruminant Diseases and Immunology Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service (ARS), National Animal Disease Center (NADC), United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), Ames, IA, United States.
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Ridpath JF, Bayles DO, Neill JD, Falkenberg SM, Bauermann FV, Holler L, Braun LJ, Young DB, Kane SE, Chase CCL. Comparison of the breadth and complexity of bovine viral diarrhea (BVDV) populations circulating in 34 persistently infected cattle generated in one outbreak. Virology 2015; 485:297-304. [PMID: 26319211 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2015.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2015] [Revised: 07/28/2015] [Accepted: 07/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Exposure to bovine viral diarrhea viruses (BVDV) results in acute and persistent infections. Persistent infections result from in utero exposure during the first trimester of gestation. Clinical presentation, in persistently infected cattle (PI), is highly variable. The reasons for this variation is largely unknown. The BVDV circulating in PI exist as quasispecies (swarms of individual viruses). An outbreak resulting in 34 PI cattle presented an opportunity to compare a large number of PI׳s. Methods were developed to compare the circulating viral populations within PI animals. It was found that PI animals generated in the same outbreak carry circulating viral populations that differ widely in size and diversity. Further, it was demonstrated that variation in PI viral populations could be used as a quantifiable phenotype. This observation makes it possible to test the correlation of this phenotype to other phenotypes such as growth rate, congenital defects, viral shed and cytokine expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- J F Ridpath
- National Animal Disease Center, ARS/USDA, Ames, IA 50010, United States.
| | - D O Bayles
- National Animal Disease Center, ARS/USDA, Ames, IA 50010, United States
| | - J D Neill
- National Animal Disease Center, ARS/USDA, Ames, IA 50010, United States
| | - S M Falkenberg
- National Animal Disease Center, ARS/USDA, Ames, IA 50010, United States
| | - F V Bauermann
- National Animal Disease Center, ARS/USDA, Ames, IA 50010, United States
| | - L Holler
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, South Dakota State University Brookings, SD 57006, United States
| | - L J Braun
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, South Dakota State University Brookings, SD 57006, United States
| | - D B Young
- Antelope Research Station, Buffalo, SD 57720, United States
| | - S E Kane
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, South Dakota State University Brookings, SD 57006, United States
| | - C C L Chase
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, South Dakota State University Brookings, SD 57006, United States
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