1
|
Rochowski MT, Jayathilake K, Balcerak JM, Selvan MT, Gunasekara S, Miller C, Rudd JM, Lacombe VA. Impact of Delta SARS-CoV-2 Infection on Glucose Metabolism: Insights on Host Metabolism and Virus Crosstalk in a Feline Model. Viruses 2024; 16:295. [PMID: 38400070 PMCID: PMC10893195 DOI: 10.3390/v16020295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) causes enhanced mortality in people with metabolic and cardiovascular diseases. Other highly infectious RNA viruses have demonstrated dependence on glucose transport and utilization, so we hypothesized that SARS-CoV-2 infection could lead to alterations in cellular and whole-body glucose metabolism. Twenty-four healthy domestic cats were intratracheally inoculated with B.1.617.2 (delta) SARS-CoV-2 and samples were collected at 4- and 12-days post-inoculation (dpi). Blood glucose and circulating cortisol concentrations were elevated at 4 and 12 dpi. Serum insulin concentration was statistically significantly decreased, while angiotensin 2 concentration was elevated at 12 dpi. SARS-CoV-2 RNA was detected in the pancreas and skeletal muscle at low levels; however, no change in the number of insulin-producing cells or proinflammatory cytokines was observed in the pancreas of infected cats through 12 dpi. SARS-CoV-2 infection statistically significantly increased GLUT protein expression in both the heart and lungs, correlating with increased AMPK expression. In brief, SARS-CoV-2 increased blood glucose concentration and cardio-pulmonary GLUT expression through an AMPK-dependent mechanism, without affecting the pancreas, suggesting that SARS-CoV-2 induces the reprogramming of host glucose metabolism. A better understanding of host cell metabolism and virus crosstalk could lead to the discovery of novel metabolic therapeutic targets for patients affected by COVID-19.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew T. Rochowski
- Department of Physiological Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA; (M.T.R.)
- Harold Hamm Diabetes Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Kaushalya Jayathilake
- Department of Physiological Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA; (M.T.R.)
| | - John-Michael Balcerak
- Department of Physiological Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA; (M.T.R.)
| | - Miruthula Tamil Selvan
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA; (M.T.S.); (S.G.); (C.M.); (J.M.R.)
| | - Sachithra Gunasekara
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA; (M.T.S.); (S.G.); (C.M.); (J.M.R.)
| | - Craig Miller
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA; (M.T.S.); (S.G.); (C.M.); (J.M.R.)
| | - Jennifer M. Rudd
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA; (M.T.S.); (S.G.); (C.M.); (J.M.R.)
| | - Véronique A. Lacombe
- Department of Physiological Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA; (M.T.R.)
- Harold Hamm Diabetes Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Vicosa Bauermann F, Falkenberg S, Rudd JM, Peter CM, Merchioratto I, Ritchey JW, Gilliam J, Taylor J, Ma H, Maggioli MF. Immune Responses to Influenza D Virus in Calves Previously Infected with Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus 2. Viruses 2023; 15:2442. [PMID: 38140683 PMCID: PMC10747992 DOI: 10.3390/v15122442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) induces immunosuppression and thymus depletion in calves. This study explores the impact of prior BVDV-2 exposure on the subsequent immune response to influenza D virus (IDV). Twenty 3-week-old calves were divided into four groups. Calves in G1 and G3 were mock-treated on day 0, while calves in G2 and G4 received BVDV. Calves in G1 (mock) and G2 (BVDV) were necropsied on day 13 post-infection. IDV was inoculated on day 21 in G3 calves (mock + IDV) and G4 (BVDV + IDV) and necropsy was conducted on day 42. Pre-exposed BVDV calves exhibited prolonged and increased IDV shedding in nasal secretions. An approximate 50% reduction in the thymus was observed in acutely infected BVDV calves (G2) compared to controls (G1). On day 42, thymus depletion was observed in two calves in G4, while three had normal weight. BVDV-2-exposed calves had impaired CD8 T cell proliferation after IDV recall stimulation, and the α/β T cell impairment was particularly evident in those with persistent thymic atrophy. Conversely, no difference in antibody levels against IDV was noted. BVDV-induced thymus depletion varied from transient to persistent. Persistent thymus atrophy was correlated with weaker T cell proliferation, suggesting correlation between persistent thymus atrophy and impaired T cell immune response to subsequent infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Vicosa Bauermann
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Oklahoma State University (OSU), Stillwater, OK 74078, USA
| | - Shollie Falkenberg
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
- Animal Research Services, National Animal Disease Center, United States Department of Agriculture, Ames, IA 50010, USA
| | - Jennifer M. Rudd
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Oklahoma State University (OSU), Stillwater, OK 74078, USA
| | - Cristina Mendes Peter
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Oklahoma State University (OSU), Stillwater, OK 74078, USA
- Center for Medical Bioinformatics, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Federal University of Sao Paulo (UNIFESP), Sao Paulo 04039-032, Brazil
| | - Ingryd Merchioratto
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Oklahoma State University (OSU), Stillwater, OK 74078, USA
- Setor de Virologia, Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Jerry W. Ritchey
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Oklahoma State University (OSU), Stillwater, OK 74078, USA
| | - John Gilliam
- Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA
| | - Jared Taylor
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Oklahoma State University (OSU), Stillwater, OK 74078, USA
| | - Hao Ma
- Animal Research Services, National Animal Disease Center, United States Department of Agriculture, Ames, IA 50010, USA
| | - Mayara Fernanda Maggioli
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Oklahoma State University (OSU), Stillwater, OK 74078, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Rudd JM, Tamil Selvan M, Cowan S, Kao YF, Midkiff CC, Narayanan S, Ramachandran A, Ritchey JW, Miller CA. Clinical and Histopathologic Features of a Feline SARS-CoV-2 Infection Model Are Analogous to Acute COVID-19 in Humans. Viruses 2021; 13:v13081550. [PMID: 34452415 PMCID: PMC8402899 DOI: 10.3390/v13081550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The emergence and ensuing dominance of COVID-19 on the world stage has emphasized the urgency of efficient animal models for the development of therapeutics for and assessment of immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 infection. Shortcomings of current animal models for SARS-CoV-2 include limited lower respiratory disease, divergence from clinical COVID-19 disease, and requirements for host genetic modifications to permit infection. In this study, n = 12 specific-pathogen-free domestic cats were infected intratracheally with SARS-CoV-2 to evaluate clinical disease, histopathologic lesions, and viral infection kinetics at 4 and 8 days post-inoculation; n = 6 sham-inoculated cats served as controls. Intratracheal inoculation of SARS-CoV-2 produced a significant degree of clinical disease (lethargy, fever, dyspnea, and dry cough) consistent with that observed in the early exudative phase of COVID-19. Pulmonary lesions such as diffuse alveolar damage, hyaline membrane formation, fibrin deposition, and proteinaceous exudates were also observed with SARS-CoV-2 infection, replicating lesions identified in people hospitalized with ARDS from COVID-19. A significant correlation was observed between the degree of clinical disease identified in infected cats and pulmonary lesions. Viral loads and ACE2 expression were also quantified in nasal turbinates, distal trachea, lungs, and other organs. Results of this study validate a feline model for SARS-CoV-2 infection that results in clinical disease and histopathologic lesions consistent with acute COVID-19 in humans, thus encouraging its use for future translational studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer M. Rudd
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA; (J.M.R.); (M.T.S.); (S.C.); (Y.-F.K.); (J.W.R.)
| | - Miruthula Tamil Selvan
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA; (J.M.R.); (M.T.S.); (S.C.); (Y.-F.K.); (J.W.R.)
| | - Shannon Cowan
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA; (J.M.R.); (M.T.S.); (S.C.); (Y.-F.K.); (J.W.R.)
| | - Yun-Fan Kao
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA; (J.M.R.); (M.T.S.); (S.C.); (Y.-F.K.); (J.W.R.)
| | - Cecily C. Midkiff
- Division of Comparative Pathology, Tulane National Primate Research Center, Tulane University, Covington, LA 70433, USA;
| | - Sai Narayanan
- Oklahoma Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA; (S.N.); (A.R.)
| | - Akhilesh Ramachandran
- Oklahoma Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA; (S.N.); (A.R.)
| | - Jerry W. Ritchey
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA; (J.M.R.); (M.T.S.); (S.C.); (Y.-F.K.); (J.W.R.)
| | - Craig A. Miller
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA; (J.M.R.); (M.T.S.); (S.C.); (Y.-F.K.); (J.W.R.)
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Rudd JM, Selvan MT, Cowan S, Kao YF, Midkiff CC, Ritchey JW, Miller CA. Clinicopathologic features of a feline SARS-CoV-2 infection model parallel acute COVID-19 in humans. bioRxiv 2021:2021.04.14.439863. [PMID: 33880467 PMCID: PMC8057232 DOI: 10.1101/2021.04.14.439863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The emergence and ensuing dominance of COVID-19 on the world stage has emphasized the urgency of efficient animal models for the development of therapeutics and assessment of immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 infection. Shortcomings of current animal models for SARS-CoV-2 include limited lower respiratory disease, divergence from clinical COVID-19 disease, and requirements for host genetic modifications to permit infection. This study validates a feline model for SARS-CoV-2 infection that results in clinical disease and histopathologic lesions consistent with severe COVID-19 in humans. Intra-tracheal inoculation of concentrated SARS-CoV-2 caused infected cats to develop clinical disease consistent with that observed in the early exudative phase of COVID-19. A novel clinical scoring system for feline respiratory disease was developed and utilized, documenting a significant degree of lethargy, fever, dyspnea, and dry cough in infected cats. In addition, histopathologic pulmonary lesions such as diffuse alveolar damage, hyaline membrane formation, fibrin deposition, and proteinaceous exudates were observed due to SARS-CoV-2 infection, imitating lesions identified in people hospitalized with ARDS from COVID-19. A significant correlation exists between the degree of clinical disease identified in infected cats and pulmonary lesions. Viral loads and ACE2 expression were quantified in nasal turbinates, distal trachea, lung, and various other organs. Natural ACE2 expression, paired with clinicopathologic correlates between this feline model and human COVID-19, encourage use of this model for future translational studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer M. Rudd
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Oklahoma State University; Stillwater, OK, USA
| | - Miruthula Tamil Selvan
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Oklahoma State University; Stillwater, OK, USA
| | - Shannon Cowan
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Oklahoma State University; Stillwater, OK, USA
| | - Yun-Fan Kao
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Oklahoma State University; Stillwater, OK, USA
| | - Cecily C. Midkiff
- Division of Comparative Pathology, National Primate Research Center, Tulane University; Covington, LA, USA
| | - Jerry W. Ritchey
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Oklahoma State University; Stillwater, OK, USA
| | - Craig A. Miller
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Oklahoma State University; Stillwater, OK, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Ashar HK, Pulavendran S, Rudd JM, Maram P, Achanta M, Chow VTK, Malayer JR, Snider TA, Teluguakula N. Administration of a CXC Chemokine Receptor 2 (CXCR2) Antagonist, SCH527123, Together with Oseltamivir Suppresses NETosis and Protects Mice from Lethal Influenza and Piglets from Swine-Influenza Infection. Am J Pathol 2021; 191:669-685. [PMID: 33453177 PMCID: PMC8027923 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2020.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Excessive neutrophil influx, their released neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), and extracellular histones are associated with disease severity in influenza-infected patients. Neutrophil chemokine receptor CXC chemokine receptor 2 (CXCR2) is a critical target for suppressing neutrophilic inflammation. Herein, temporal dynamics of neutrophil activity and NETosis were investigated to determine the optimal timing of treatment with the CXCR2 antagonist, SCH527123 (2-hydroxy-N,N-dimethyl-3-[2-([(R)-1-(5-methyl-furan-2-yl)-propyl]amino)-3,4-dioxo-cyclobut-1-enylamino]-benzamide), and its efficacy together with antiviral agent, oseltamivir, was tested in murine and piglet influenza-pneumonia models. SCH527123 plus oseltamivir markedly improved survival of mice infected with lethal influenza, and diminished lung pathology in swine-influenza-infected piglets. Mechanistically, addition of SCH527123 in the combination treatment attenuated neutrophil influx, NETosis, in both mice and piglets. Furthermore, neutrophils isolated from influenza-infected mice showed greater susceptibility to NETotic death when stimulated with a CXCR2 ligand, IL-8. In addition, CXCR2 stimulation induced nuclear translocation of neutrophil elastase, and enhanced citrullination of histones that triggers chromatin decondensation during NET formation. Studies on temporal dynamics of neutrophils and NETs during influenza thus provide important insights into the optimal timing of CXCR2 antagonist treatment for attenuating neutrophil-mediated lung pathology. These findings reveal that pharmacologic treatment with CXCR2 antagonist together with an antiviral agent could significantly ameliorate morbidity and mortality in virulent and sublethal influenza infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Harshini K Ashar
- Center for Veterinary Health Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma
| | - Sivasami Pulavendran
- Center for Veterinary Health Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma
| | - Jennifer M Rudd
- Center for Veterinary Health Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma
| | - Prasanthi Maram
- Center for Veterinary Health Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma
| | - Mallika Achanta
- Center for Veterinary Health Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma
| | - Vincent T K Chow
- National University Health System Infectious Diseases Translational Research Program, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jerry R Malayer
- Center for Veterinary Health Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma
| | - Timothy A Snider
- Center for Veterinary Health Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma
| | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Pulavendran S, Rudd JM, Maram P, Thomas PG, Akhilesh R, Malayer JR, Chow VTK, Teluguakula N. Combination Therapy Targeting Platelet Activation and Virus Replication Protects Mice against Lethal Influenza Pneumonia. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2020; 61:689-701. [PMID: 31070937 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2018-0196oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Excessive neutrophils recruited during influenza pneumonia contribute to severe lung pathology through induction of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) and release of extracellular histones. We have recently shown that activation of platelets during influenza enhances pulmonary microvascular thrombosis, leading to vascular injury and hemorrhage. Emerging evidence indicates that activated platelets also interact with neutrophils, forming neutrophil-platelet aggregates (NPAs) that contribute to tissue injury. Here, we examined neutrophil-platelet interactions and evaluated the formation of NPAs during influenza pneumonia. We also evaluated the efficacy of clopidogrel (CLP), an antagonist of the ADP-P2Y12 platelet receptor, alone or in combination with an antiviral agent (oseltamivir) against influenza infection in mice. Our studies demonstrated increased platelet activation and induction of NPAs in influenza-infected lungs, and that these NPAs led to NET release both in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, neutrophil integrin Mac-1 (macrophage-1 antigen)-mediated platelet binding was critical for NPA formation and NET release. Administration of CLP reduced platelet activation and NPA formation but did not protect the mice against lethal influenza challenge. However, administration of CLP together with oseltamivir improved survival rates in mice compared with oseltamivir alone. The combination treatment reduced lung pathology, neutrophil influx, NPAs, NET release, and inflammatory cytokine release in infected lungs. Taken together, these results provide the first evidence that NPAs formed during influenza contribute to acute lung injury. Targeting both platelet activation and virus replication could represent an effective therapeutic option for severe influenza pneumonia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sivasami Pulavendran
- Center for Veterinary Health Sciences and.,Oklahoma Center for Respiratory and Infectious Diseases, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma
| | - Jennifer M Rudd
- Center for Veterinary Health Sciences and.,Oklahoma Center for Respiratory and Infectious Diseases, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma
| | - Prasanthi Maram
- Center for Veterinary Health Sciences and.,Oklahoma Center for Respiratory and Infectious Diseases, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma
| | - Paul G Thomas
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee; and
| | | | | | - Vincent T K Chow
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, National University Health System, National University of Singapore, Kent Ridge, Singapore
| | - Narasaraju Teluguakula
- Center for Veterinary Health Sciences and.,Oklahoma Center for Respiratory and Infectious Diseases, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Rudd JM, Pulavendran S, Ashar HK, Ritchey JW, Snider TA, Malayer JR, Marie M, Chow VTK, Narasaraju T. Neutrophils Induce a Novel Chemokine Receptors Repertoire During Influenza Pneumonia. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2019; 9:108. [PMID: 31041196 PMCID: PMC6476945 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2019.00108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Exaggerated host innate immune responses have been implicated in severe influenza pneumonia. We have previously demonstrated that excessive neutrophils recruited during influenza infection drive pulmonary pathology through induction of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) and release of extracellular histones. Chemokine receptors (CRs) are essential in the recruitment and activation of leukocytes. Although neutrophils have been implicated in influenza pathogenesis, little is known about their phenotypic changes, including expression of CRs occurring in the infected -lung microenvironment. Here, we examined CC and CXC CRs detection in circulating as well as lung-recruited neutrophils during influenza infection in mice using flow cytometry analyses. Our studies revealed that lung-recruited neutrophils displayed induction of CRs, including CCR1, CCR2, CCR3, CCR5, CXCR1, CXCR3, and CXCR4, all of which were marginally induced in circulating neutrophils. CXCR2 was the most predominant CR observed in both circulating and lung-infiltrated neutrophils after infection. The stimulation of these induced CRs modulated neutrophil phagocytic activity, ligand-specific neutrophil migration, bacterial killing, and NETs induction ex vivo. These findings indicate that neutrophils induce a novel CR repertoire in the infectious lung microenvironment, which alters their functionality during influenza pneumonia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer M Rudd
- Center for Veterinary Health Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, United States
| | - Sivasami Pulavendran
- Center for Veterinary Health Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, United States
| | - Harshini K Ashar
- Center for Veterinary Health Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, United States
| | - Jerry W Ritchey
- Center for Veterinary Health Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, United States
| | - Timothy A Snider
- Center for Veterinary Health Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, United States
| | - Jerry R Malayer
- Center for Veterinary Health Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, United States
| | - Montelongo Marie
- Center for Veterinary Health Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, United States
| | - Vincent T K Chow
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Teluguakula Narasaraju
- Center for Veterinary Health Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, United States
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Ashar HK, Mueller NC, Rudd JM, Snider TA, Achanta M, Prasanthi M, Pulavendran S, Thomas PG, Ramachandran A, Malayer JR, Ritchey JW, Rajasekhar R, Chow VTK, Esmon CT, Teluguakula N. The Role of Extracellular Histones in Influenza Virus Pathogenesis. Am J Pathol 2017; 188:135-148. [PMID: 29107075 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2017.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2017] [Revised: 08/31/2017] [Accepted: 09/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Although exaggerated host immune responses have been implicated in influenza-induced lung pathogenesis, the etiologic factors that contribute to these events are not completely understood. We previously demonstrated that neutrophil extracellular traps exacerbate pulmonary injury during influenza pneumonia. Histones are the major protein components of neutrophil extracellular traps and are known to have cytotoxic effects. Here, we examined the role of extracellular histones in lung pathogenesis during influenza. Mice infected with influenza virus displayed high accumulation of extracellular histones, with widespread pulmonary microvascular thrombosis. Occluded pulmonary blood vessels with vascular thrombi often exhibited endothelial necrosis surrounded by hemorrhagic effusions and pulmonary edema. Histones released during influenza induced cytotoxicity and showed strong binding to platelets within thrombi in infected mouse lungs. Nasal wash samples from influenza-infected patients also showed increased accumulation of extracellular histones, suggesting a possible clinical relevance of elevated histones in pulmonary injury. Although histones inhibited influenza growth in vitro, in vivo treatment with histones did not yield antiviral effects and instead exacerbated lung pathology. Blocking with antihistone antibodies caused a marked decrease in lung pathology in lethal influenza-challenged mice and improved protection when administered in combination with the antiviral agent oseltamivir. These findings support the pathogenic effects of extracellular histones in that pulmonary injury during influenza was exacerbated. Targeting histones provides a novel therapeutic approach to influenza pneumonia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Harshini K Ashar
- Center for Veterinary Health Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma
| | - Nathan C Mueller
- Center for Veterinary Health Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma
| | - Jennifer M Rudd
- Center for Veterinary Health Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma
| | - Timothy A Snider
- Center for Veterinary Health Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma
| | - Mallika Achanta
- Center for Veterinary Health Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma
| | - Maram Prasanthi
- Center for Veterinary Health Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma
| | - Sivasami Pulavendran
- Center for Veterinary Health Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma
| | - Paul G Thomas
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Akhilesh Ramachandran
- Center for Veterinary Health Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma
| | - Jerry R Malayer
- Center for Veterinary Health Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma
| | - Jerry W Ritchey
- Center for Veterinary Health Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma
| | - Rachakatla Rajasekhar
- Department of Anatomy, Arkansas College of Osteopathic Medicine, Fort Smith, Arkansas
| | - Vincent T K Chow
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, National University Health System, Singapore
| | - Charles T Esmon
- Coagulation Biology Laboratory, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, and Department of Pathology, Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Abstract
The devastating synergism of bacterial pneumonia with influenza viral infections left its mark on the world over the last century. Although the details of pathogenesis remain unclear, the synergism is related to a variety of factors including pulmonary epithelial barrier damage which exposes receptors that influence bacterial adherence and the triggering of an exaggerated innate immune response and cytokine storm, which further acts to worsen the injury. Several therapeutics and combination therapies of antibiotics, anti-inflammatories including corticosteroids and toll-like receptor modifiers, and anti-virals are being discussed. This mini review summarizes recent developments in unearthing the pathogenesis of the lethal synergism of pneumococcal co-infection following influenza, as well as addresses potential therapeutic options and combinations of therapies currently being evaluated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer M Rudd
- Center for Veterinary Health Sciences, Oklahoma State University, OK, USA
| | - Harshini K Ashar
- Center for Veterinary Health Sciences, Oklahoma State University, OK, USA
| | - Vincent Tk Chow
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Abstract
OBJECTIVE One group of women who were sexually abused by brothers and a second group who were sexually abused by fathers are compared with the intent to identify the differing characteristics of each type of abuse and the effects of the abuse on their adult functioning. Our hypothesis was that there would indeed be differences in the characteristics of the abuse and its effects, and that this would necessitate differing treatment strategies. METHOD Surveys were distributed to women attending support groups for incest survivors. Of the 62 women completing questionnaires, 14 women (23%) had been sexually abused by a brother. A similar number of women (15) who had been sexually abused by their fathers were chosen from the overall sample for comparison. RESULTS The absence of the father as a vital force in family life played a key role in the sexual abuse of women by their brothers in every case. The duration of the sexual abuse for brother-abused women and father-abused women was lengthy. The characteristics, including use of force, are equally as serious for sisters as for daughters. The family circumstances surrounding the abuse were examined for both groups and the results yielded a fuller understanding of the incestuous family. Despite an appearance of normalcy, the level of family-wide disturbances, for example substance abuse, mental illness and pervasive family-wide violence were profound for both groups. In this study, we also examine the effects in adulthood of the serious disruption of childhood developmental phases for both brother-abused and father-abused women, taking into account the incidence of substance abuse, depression, suicidality, and eating disorders. CONCLUSIONS The authors conclude that the characteristics and consequences of brother-sister incest are of equal seriousness to those of father-daughter incest. This would suggest that brother-sister incest is one of the current blind spots in incest research, and one that we cannot afford to ignore. In-depth knowledge of the dynamics and effects of brother-sister incest suggest specific treatment strategies are indeed necessary and these are discussed in this paper.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J M Rudd
- Social Work Department, Saint Joseph College, West Hartford, CT 06117, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Cochran JF, Rudd JM, From M, Heinrich B, Bennett W, Schwarzacher W, Egelhoff WF. Magnetic anisotropies in ultrathin fcc Fe(001) films grown on Cu(001) substrates. Phys Rev B Condens Matter 1992; 45:4676-4685. [PMID: 10002102 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.45.4676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
|