1
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Alper P, Betschart C, André C, Boulay T, Cheng D, Deane J, Faller M, Feifel R, Glatthar R, Han D, Hemmig R, Jiang T, Knoepfel T, Maginnis J, Mutnick D, Pei W, Ruzzante G, Syka P, Zhang G, Zhang Y, Zink F, Zipfel G, Hawtin S, Junt T, Michellys PY. Discovery of the TLR7/8 Antagonist MHV370 for Treatment of Systemic Autoimmune Diseases. ACS Med Chem Lett 2023; 14:1054-1062. [PMID: 37583811 PMCID: PMC10424326 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.3c00136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Toll-like receptor (TLR) 7 and TLR8 are endosomal sensors of the innate immune system that are activated by GU-rich single stranded RNA (ssRNA). Multiple genetic and functional lines of evidence link chronic activation of TLR7/8 to the pathogenesis of systemic autoimmune diseases (sAID) such as Sjögren's syndrome (SjS) and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). This makes targeting TLR7/8-induced inflammation with small-molecule inhibitors an attractive approach for the treatment of patients suffering from systemic autoimmune diseases. Here, we describe how structure-based optimization of compound 2 resulted in the discovery of 34 (MHV370, (S)-N-(4-((5-(1,6-dimethyl-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridin-4-yl)-3-methyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-1H-pyrazolo[4,3-c]pyridin-1-yl)methyl)bicyclo[2.2.2]octan-1-yl)morpholine-3-carboxamide). Its in vivo activity allows for further profiling toward clinical trials in patients with autoimmune disorders, and a Phase 2 proof of concept study of MHV370 has been initiated, testing its safety and efficacy in patients with Sjögren's syndrome and mixed connective tissue disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phil Alper
- Novartis
Institutes for Biomedical Research, 10675 John Jay Hopkins Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Claudia Betschart
- Novartis
Institutes for Biomedical Research, Fabrikstrasse 2, Novartis Campus, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Cédric André
- Novartis
Institutes for Biomedical Research, Fabrikstrasse 2, Novartis Campus, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Boulay
- Novartis
Institutes for Biomedical Research, Fabrikstrasse 2, Novartis Campus, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Dai Cheng
- Novartis
Institutes for Biomedical Research, 10675 John Jay Hopkins Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Jonathan Deane
- Novartis
Institutes for Biomedical Research, 10675 John Jay Hopkins Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Michael Faller
- Novartis
Institutes for Biomedical Research, Fabrikstrasse 2, Novartis Campus, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Roland Feifel
- Novartis
Institutes for Biomedical Research, Fabrikstrasse 2, Novartis Campus, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ralf Glatthar
- Novartis
Institutes for Biomedical Research, Fabrikstrasse 2, Novartis Campus, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Dong Han
- Novartis
Institutes for Biomedical Research, 10675 John Jay Hopkins Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Rene Hemmig
- Novartis
Institutes for Biomedical Research, Fabrikstrasse 2, Novartis Campus, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Tao Jiang
- Novartis
Institutes for Biomedical Research, 10675 John Jay Hopkins Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Thomas Knoepfel
- Novartis
Institutes for Biomedical Research, Fabrikstrasse 2, Novartis Campus, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jillian Maginnis
- Novartis
Institutes for Biomedical Research, 10675 John Jay Hopkins Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Daniel Mutnick
- Novartis
Institutes for Biomedical Research, 10675 John Jay Hopkins Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Wei Pei
- Novartis
Institutes for Biomedical Research, 10675 John Jay Hopkins Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Giulia Ruzzante
- Novartis
Institutes for Biomedical Research, Fabrikstrasse 2, Novartis Campus, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Peter Syka
- Novartis
Institutes for Biomedical Research, 10675 John Jay Hopkins Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Guobao Zhang
- Novartis
Institutes for Biomedical Research, 10675 John Jay Hopkins Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Yi Zhang
- Novartis
Institutes for Biomedical Research, 10675 John Jay Hopkins Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Florence Zink
- Novartis
Institutes for Biomedical Research, Fabrikstrasse 2, Novartis Campus, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Géraldine Zipfel
- Novartis
Institutes for Biomedical Research, Fabrikstrasse 2, Novartis Campus, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Stuart Hawtin
- Novartis
Institutes for Biomedical Research, Fabrikstrasse 2, Novartis Campus, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Tobias Junt
- Novartis
Institutes for Biomedical Research, Fabrikstrasse 2, Novartis Campus, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Pierre-Yves Michellys
- Novartis
Institutes for Biomedical Research, 10675 John Jay Hopkins Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
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2
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Lorthiois E, Gerspacher M, Beyer KS, Vaupel A, Leblanc C, Stringer R, Weiss A, Wilcken R, Guthy DA, Lingel A, Bomio-Confaglia C, Machauer R, Rigollier P, Ottl J, Arz D, Bernet P, Desjonqueres G, Dussauge S, Kazic-Legueux M, Lozac'h MA, Mura C, Sorge M, Todorov M, Warin N, Zink F, Voshol H, Zecri FJ, Sedrani RC, Ostermann N, Brachmann SM, Cotesta S. JDQ443, a Structurally Novel, Pyrazole-Based, Covalent Inhibitor of KRAS G12C for the Treatment of Solid Tumors. J Med Chem 2022; 65:16173-16203. [PMID: 36399068 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c01438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Rapid emergence of tumor resistance via RAS pathway reactivation has been reported from clinical studies of covalent KRASG12C inhibitors. Thus, inhibitors with broad potential for combination treatment and distinct binding modes to overcome resistance mutations may prove beneficial. JDQ443 is an investigational covalent KRASG12C inhibitor derived from structure-based drug design followed by extensive optimization of two dissimilar prototypes. JDQ443 is a stable atropisomer containing a unique 5-methylpyrazole core and a spiro-azetidine linker designed to position the electrophilic acrylamide for optimal engagement with KRASG12C C12. A substituted indazole at pyrazole position 3 results in novel interactions with the binding pocket that do not involve residue H95. JDQ443 showed PK/PD activity in vivo and dose-dependent antitumor activity in mouse xenograft models. JDQ443 is now in clinical development, with encouraging early phase data reported from an ongoing Phase Ib/II clinical trial (NCT04699188).
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Affiliation(s)
- Edwige Lorthiois
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, BaselCH-4056, Switzerland
| | - Marc Gerspacher
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, BaselCH-4056, Switzerland
| | - Kim S Beyer
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, BaselCH-4056, Switzerland
| | - Andrea Vaupel
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, BaselCH-4056, Switzerland
| | - Catherine Leblanc
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, BaselCH-4056, Switzerland
| | - Rowan Stringer
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, BaselCH-4056, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Weiss
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, BaselCH-4056, Switzerland
| | - Rainer Wilcken
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, BaselCH-4056, Switzerland
| | - Daniel A Guthy
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, BaselCH-4056, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Lingel
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, BaselCH-4056, Switzerland
| | | | - Rainer Machauer
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, BaselCH-4056, Switzerland
| | - Pascal Rigollier
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, BaselCH-4056, Switzerland
| | - Johannes Ottl
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, BaselCH-4056, Switzerland
| | - Dorothee Arz
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, BaselCH-4056, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Solene Dussauge
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, BaselCH-4056, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Christophe Mura
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, BaselCH-4056, Switzerland
| | - Mickaël Sorge
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, BaselCH-4056, Switzerland
| | - Milen Todorov
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, BaselCH-4056, Switzerland
| | - Nicolas Warin
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, BaselCH-4056, Switzerland
| | - Florence Zink
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, BaselCH-4056, Switzerland
| | - Hans Voshol
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, BaselCH-4056, Switzerland
| | - Frederic J Zecri
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts02139, United States
| | - Richard C Sedrani
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, BaselCH-4056, Switzerland
| | - Nils Ostermann
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, BaselCH-4056, Switzerland
| | | | - Simona Cotesta
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, BaselCH-4056, Switzerland
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3
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Betschart C, Faller M, Zink F, Hemmig R, Blank J, Vangrevelinghe E, Bourrel M, Glatthar R, Behnke D, Barker K, Heizmann A, Angst D, Nimsgern P, Jacquier S, Junt T, Zipfel G, Ruzzante G, Loetscher P, Limonta S, Hawtin S, Andre CB, Boulay T, Feifel R, Knoepfel T. Structure-Based Optimization of a Fragment-like TLR8 Binding Screening Hit to an In Vivo Efficacious TLR7/8 Antagonist. ACS Med Chem Lett 2022; 13:658-664. [PMID: 35450354 PMCID: PMC9014506 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.1c00696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Inappropriate activation of TLR7 and TLR8 is linked to several autoimmune diseases, such as lupus erythematosus. Here we report on the efficient structure-based optimization of the inhibition of TLR8, starting from a co-crystal structure of a small screening hit. Further optimization of the physicochemical properties for cellular potency and expansion of the structure-activity relationship for dual potency finally resulted in a highly potent TLR7/8 antagonist with demonstrated in vivo efficacy after oral dosing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Betschart
- Global Discovery Chemistry, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Michael Faller
- Chemical Biology & Therapeutics, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Florence Zink
- Chemical Biology & Therapeutics, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - René Hemmig
- Chemical Biology & Therapeutics, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jutta Blank
- Chemical Biology & Therapeutics, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Eric Vangrevelinghe
- Global Discovery Chemistry, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Marjorie Bourrel
- Global Discovery Chemistry, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ralf Glatthar
- Global Discovery Chemistry, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Dirk Behnke
- Global Discovery Chemistry, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Kerstin Barker
- Global Discovery Chemistry, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Heizmann
- Global Discovery Chemistry, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Daniela Angst
- Global Discovery Chemistry, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Pierre Nimsgern
- Global Discovery Chemistry, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Sébastien Jacquier
- Global Discovery Chemistry, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Tobias Junt
- Autoimmunity, Transplantation and Inflammation, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Géraldine Zipfel
- Autoimmunity, Transplantation and Inflammation, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Giulia Ruzzante
- Autoimmunity, Transplantation and Inflammation, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Pius Loetscher
- Autoimmunity, Transplantation and Inflammation, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Sarah Limonta
- Autoimmunity, Transplantation and Inflammation, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Stuart Hawtin
- Autoimmunity, Transplantation and Inflammation, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Cedric Bernard Andre
- Autoimmunity, Transplantation and Inflammation, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Boulay
- Autoimmunity, Transplantation and Inflammation, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Roland Feifel
- Pharmacokinetic Sciences, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Knoepfel
- Global Discovery Chemistry, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland
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4
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Thomson CG, Le Grand D, Dowling M, Beattie D, Elphick L, Faller M, Freeman M, Hardaker E, Head V, Hemmig R, Hill J, Lister A, Pascoe D, Rieffel S, Shrestha B, Steward O, Zink F. Development of autotaxin inhibitors: A series of tetrazole cinnamides. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2021; 31:127663. [PMID: 33160025 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2020.127663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A series of inhibitors of Autotaxin (ATX) have been developed from a high throughput screening hit, 1a, which shows an alternative binding mode to known catalytic site inhibitors. Selectivity over the hERG channel and microsomal clearance were dependent on the lipophilicity of the compounds, and this was optimised by reduction of clogD whilst maintaining high affinity ATX inhibition. Compound 15a shows good oral exposure, and concentration dependent inhibition of formation of LPA in vivo, as shown in pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher G Thomson
- Global Discovery Chemistry, Novartis Institutes For Biomedical Research, Horsham, UK.
| | - Darren Le Grand
- Global Discovery Chemistry, Novartis Institutes For Biomedical Research, Horsham, UK
| | - Mark Dowling
- Respiratory Disease Area, Novartis Institutes For Biomedical Research, Horsham, UK
| | - David Beattie
- Global Discovery Chemistry, Novartis Institutes For Biomedical Research, Horsham, UK
| | - Lucy Elphick
- Respiratory Disease Area, Novartis Institutes For Biomedical Research, Horsham, UK
| | - Michael Faller
- Department of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, Novartis Institutes For Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Mark Freeman
- Respiratory Disease Area, Novartis Institutes For Biomedical Research, Horsham, UK
| | - Elizabeth Hardaker
- Respiratory Disease Area, Novartis Institutes For Biomedical Research, Horsham, UK
| | - Victoria Head
- Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Novartis Institutes For Biomedical Research, Horsham, UK
| | - Rene Hemmig
- Department of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, Novartis Institutes For Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Johan Hill
- Respiratory Disease Area, Novartis Institutes For Biomedical Research, Horsham, UK
| | - Andrew Lister
- Global Discovery Chemistry, Novartis Institutes For Biomedical Research, Horsham, UK
| | - David Pascoe
- Global Discovery Chemistry, Novartis Institutes For Biomedical Research, Horsham, UK
| | - Sebastien Rieffel
- Department of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, Novartis Institutes For Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Binesh Shrestha
- Department of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, Novartis Institutes For Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Oliver Steward
- Global Discovery Chemistry, Novartis Institutes For Biomedical Research, Horsham, UK
| | - Florence Zink
- Department of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, Novartis Institutes For Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
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5
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Hellmann A, Daboss S, Zink F, Hartmann C, Radermacher P, Kranz C. Electrocatalytically modified microelectrodes for the detection of hydrogen peroxide at blood cells from swine with induced trauma. Electrochim Acta 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2020.136458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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6
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Alda F, Gagne RB, Walter RP, Hogan JD, Moody KN, Zink F, McIntyre PB, Gilliam JF, Blum MJ. Colonization and demographic expansion of freshwater fauna across the Hawaiian archipelago. J Evol Biol 2016; 29:2054-2069. [DOI: 10.1111/jeb.12929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2016] [Revised: 06/05/2016] [Accepted: 06/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- F. Alda
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology; Tulane University; New Orleans LA USA
- Tulane-Xavier Center for Bioenvironmental Research; Tulane University; New Orleans LA USA
| | - R. B. Gagne
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology; Tulane University; New Orleans LA USA
| | - R. P. Walter
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology; Tulane University; New Orleans LA USA
- Department of Biological Science; California State University, Fullerton; Fullerton CA USA
| | - J. D. Hogan
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology; Tulane University; New Orleans LA USA
- Department of Life Sciences; Texas A & M University - Corpus Christi; Corpus Christi TX USA
| | - K. N. Moody
- Tulane-Xavier Center for Bioenvironmental Research; Tulane University; New Orleans LA USA
- Department of Biological Sciences; Clemson University; Clemson SC USA
| | - F. Zink
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology; Tulane University; New Orleans LA USA
| | - P. B. McIntyre
- Center for Limnology; University of Wisconsin-Madison; Madison WI USA
| | - J. F. Gilliam
- Department of Biological Sciences; North Carolina State University; Raleigh NC USA
| | - M. J. Blum
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology; Tulane University; New Orleans LA USA
- Tulane-Xavier Center for Bioenvironmental Research; Tulane University; New Orleans LA USA
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7
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Zink F, Kratzer W, Schmidt S, Oeztuerk S, Mason RA, Porzner M, Klaus J, Haenle MM, Graeter T. Comparison of Two High-End Ultrasound Systems for Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound Quantification of Mural Microvascularity in Crohn's Disease. Ultraschall Med 2016; 37:74-81. [PMID: 26251995 DOI: 10.1055/s-0034-1398746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To verify the reproducibility of contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) quantification results of two different high-end ultrasound systems and to evaluate the clinical utility of the method in patients with Crohn's disease (CD). MATERIALS AND METHODS 18 patients with histologically confirmed CD (36.8 % women, 63.2 % men; mean age 43.7 ± 14.1 years) and wall segments thicker than 5 mm were recruited. CEUS quantification and conventional ultrasound investigation were performed under standardized settings using Toshiba Aplio500 and Siemens Acuson S3000 high-end ultrasound systems. CEUS was performed at a low mechanical index of 0.1 after bolus application of 4.8 ml of SonoVue(®) contrast medium. The recorded DICOM clips were quantified using VueBox(®) (version 4.3) calculating 11 quantitative parameters. Subsequently, CEUS quantification and conventional ultrasound results were analyzed. RESULTS Correlation of quantitative parameters between the Aplio500 and AcusonS3000 systems for peak enhancement (PE), rise time (RT), wash-in-rate (WiR) and quality of fit (QOF) yielded significance levels of p < 0.05 and p < 0.0001 for wash-in-wash-out area under the curve (WiWoAUC). Spearman rank test showed moderate levels of correlation for PE, RT, WiR and QOF (r = 0.5, 0.49, 0.49 and 0.5 respectively), and high correlation for WiWoAUC (r = 0.89) between the two ultrasound systems. CONCLUSION Due to multiple uncontrollable affecting factors, the method of CEUS quantification by VueBox in the intestine cannot be recommended for device-independent multicenter studies. Therefore we suggest to use identical ultrasound systems and probes as well as to establish adequate reference ROIS, like a AIF-ROI.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Zink
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Ulm, Germany
| | - W Kratzer
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Ulm, Germany
| | - S Schmidt
- Department of Interventional and Diagnostic Radiology, University Hospital Ulm, Germany
| | - S Oeztuerk
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Ulm, Germany
| | - R A Mason
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Louis Stokes Cleveland Medical Center, Brecksville, USA
| | - M Porzner
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Ulm, Germany
| | - J Klaus
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Ulm, Germany
| | - M M Haenle
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Ulm, Germany
| | - T Graeter
- Department of Interventional and Diagnostic Radiology, University Hospital Ulm, Germany
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8
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Hancock DB, Reginsson GW, Gaddis NC, Chen X, Saccone NL, Lutz SM, Qaiser B, Sherva R, Steinberg S, Zink F, Stacey SN, Glasheen C, Chen J, Gu F, Frederiksen BN, Loukola A, Gudbjartsson DF, Brüske I, Landi MT, Bickeböller H, Madden P, Farrer L, Kaprio J, Kranzler HR, Gelernter J, Baker TB, Kraft P, Amos CI, Caporaso NE, Hokanson JE, Bierut LJ, Thorgeirsson TE, Johnson EO, Stefansson K. Genome-wide meta-analysis reveals common splice site acceptor variant in CHRNA4 associated with nicotine dependence. Transl Psychiatry 2015; 5:e651. [PMID: 26440539 PMCID: PMC4930126 DOI: 10.1038/tp.2015.149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2015] [Accepted: 08/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
We conducted a 1000 Genomes-imputed genome-wide association study (GWAS) meta-analysis for nicotine dependence, defined by the Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence in 17 074 ever smokers from five European-ancestry samples. We followed up novel variants in 7469 ever smokers from five independent European-ancestry samples. We identified genome-wide significant association in the alpha-4 nicotinic receptor subunit (CHRNA4) gene on chromosome 20q13: lowest P=8.0 × 10(-9) across all the samples for rs2273500-C (frequency=0.15; odds ratio=1.12 and 95% confidence interval=1.08-1.17 for severe vs mild dependence). rs2273500-C, a splice site acceptor variant resulting in an alternate CHRNA4 transcript predicted to be targeted for nonsense-mediated decay, was associated with decreased CHRNA4 expression in physiologically normal human brains (lowest P=7.3 × 10(-4)). Importantly, rs2273500-C was associated with increased lung cancer risk (N=28 998, odds ratio=1.06 and 95% confidence interval=1.00-1.12), likely through its effect on smoking, as rs2273500-C was no longer associated with lung cancer after adjustment for smoking. Using criteria for smoking behavior that encompass more than the single 'cigarettes per day' item, we identified a common CHRNA4 variant with important regulatory properties that contributes to nicotine dependence and smoking-related consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- D B Hancock
- Behavioral and Urban Health Program, Behavioral Health and Criminal Justice Research Division, Research Triangle Institute International, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA,Behavioral and Urban Health Program, Behavioral Health and Criminal Justice Research Division, Research Triangle Institute International, 3040 East Cornwallis Road, P.O. Box 12194, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA. E-mail:
| | | | - N C Gaddis
- Research Computing Division, Research Triangle Institute International, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - X Chen
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA,Nevada Institute of Personalized Medicine and Department of Psychology, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, NV, USA
| | - N L Saccone
- Department of Genetics, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - S M Lutz
- Department of Biostatistics and Informatics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - B Qaiser
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - R Sherva
- Department of Medicine (Biomedical Genetics), Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - F Zink
- deCODE Genetics/Amgen, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - S N Stacey
- deCODE Genetics/Amgen, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - C Glasheen
- Behavioral and Urban Health Program, Behavioral Health and Criminal Justice Research Division, Research Triangle Institute International, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - J Chen
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - F Gu
- Genetic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, United States Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - A Loukola
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - I Brüske
- Institute of Epidemiology I, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - M T Landi
- Genetic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, United States Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - H Bickeböller
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology, University of Göttingen—Georg-August University Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - P Madden
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - L Farrer
- Department of Medicine (Biomedical Genetics), Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA,Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA,Department of Ophthalmology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA,Department of Genetics and Genomics, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA,Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA,Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - J Kaprio
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland,National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland,Institute for Molecular Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - H R Kranzler
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA,VISN 4 Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center, Philadelphia VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - J Gelernter
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA,Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA,Department of Neurobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA,VA CT Healthcare Center, Department of Psychiatry, West Haven, CT, USA
| | - T B Baker
- Center for Tobacco Research and Intervention, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - P Kraft
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA,Department of Biostatistics, Harvard University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - C I Amos
- Department of Community and Family Medicine, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, USA,Department of Genetics, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, USA,Department of Biomedical Data Science, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanoven, NH, USA
| | - N E Caporaso
- Genetic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, United States Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - J E Hokanson
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - L J Bierut
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | | | - E O Johnson
- Fellow Program and Behavioral Health and Criminal Justice Research Division, Research Triangle Institute International, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - K Stefansson
- deCODE Genetics/Amgen, Reykjavik, Iceland,Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
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Salmeen K, Block-Kurbisch I, Zink F, Shafer S, Cheng Y. 272: Pregnancy outcomes among women with type 1 diabetes managed with continuous insulin pumps versus multiple injections: a propensity-score based analysis. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2012.10.437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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10
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Triplett LR, Hamilton JP, Buell CR, Tisserat NA, Verdier V, Zink F, Leach JE. Genomic analysis of Xanthomonas oryzae isolates from rice grown in the United States reveals substantial divergence from known X. oryzae pathovars. Appl Environ Microbiol 2011; 77:3930-7. [PMID: 21515727 PMCID: PMC3131649 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00028-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2011] [Accepted: 04/09/2011] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The species Xanthomonas oryzae is comprised of two designated pathovars, both of which cause economically significant diseases of rice in Asia and Africa. Although X. oryzae is not considered endemic in the United States, an X. oryzae-like bacterium was isolated from U.S. rice and southern cutgrass in the late 1980s. The U.S. strains were weakly pathogenic and genetically distinct from characterized X. oryzae pathovars. In the current study, a draft genome sequence from two U.S. Xanthomonas strains revealed that the U.S. strains form a novel clade within the X. oryzae species, distinct from all strains known to cause significant yield loss. Comparative genome analysis revealed several putative gene clusters specific to the U.S. strains and supported previous reports that the U.S. strains lack transcriptional activator-like (TAL) effectors. In addition to phylogenetic and comparative analyses, the genome sequence was used for designing robust U.S. strain-specific primers, demonstrating the usefulness of a draft genome sequence in the rapid development of diagnostic tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- L. R. Triplett
- Department of Bioagricultural Sciences and Pest Management, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523
| | - J. P. Hamilton
- Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824
| | - C. R. Buell
- Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824
| | - N. A. Tisserat
- Department of Bioagricultural Sciences and Pest Management, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523
| | - V. Verdier
- Department of Bioagricultural Sciences and Pest Management, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523
- UMR RPB, IRD-CIRAD-UM2, BP 64501, 34394 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - F. Zink
- Department of Bioagricultural Sciences and Pest Management, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523
| | - J. E. Leach
- Department of Bioagricultural Sciences and Pest Management, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523
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Ostermann N, Eder J, Eidhoff U, Zink F, Hassiepen U, Worpenberg S, Maibaum J, Simic O, Hommel U, Gerhartz B. Crystal Structure of Human BACE2 in Complex with a Hydroxyethylamine Transition-state Inhibitor. J Mol Biol 2006; 355:249-61. [PMID: 16305800 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2005.10.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2005] [Revised: 10/12/2005] [Accepted: 10/13/2005] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACE2 is a membrane-bound aspartic protease of the A1 family with a high level of sequence homology to BACE1. While BACE1 is involved in the generation of amyloid plaques in Alzheimer's disease by cleaving Abeta-peptides from the amyloid precursor protein, the physiological function of BACE2 is not well understood. BACE2 appears to be associated with the early onset of dementia in patients with Down's syndrome, and it has been shown to be highly expressed in breast cancers. Further, it may participate in the function of normal and abnormal processes of human muscle biology. Similar to other aspartic proteases, BACE2 is expressed as an inactive zymogen requiring the cleavage of its pro-sequence during the maturation process. We have produced mature BACE2 by expression of pro-BACE2 in Escherichia coli as inclusion bodies, followed by refolding and autocatalytic activation at pH 3.4. Using a C and N-terminally truncated BACE2 variant, we were able to crystallize and determine the crystal structure of mature BACE2 in complex with a hydroxyethylamine transition-state mimetic inhibitor at 3.1 angstroms resolution. The structure of BACE2 follows the general fold of A1 aspartic proteases. However, similar to BACE1, its C-terminal domain is significantly larger than that of the other family members. Furthermore, the structure of BACE2 reveals differences in the S3, S2, S1' and S2' active site substrate pockets as compared to BACE1, and allows, therefore, for a deeper understanding of the structural features that may facilitate the design of selective BACE1 or BACE2 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nils Ostermann
- Protease Platform, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland.
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Mitschler A, Cousido A, Zink F, Van Zandt M, Cachau R, Hazemann I, Sanishvili R, Joachimiak A, Podjarny A. The structure of an aldose-reductase inhibitor complex shows flexibility of the inhibitor's carboxylate as a function of pH. Acta Crystallogr A 2002. [DOI: 10.1107/s0108767302096551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
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13
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Kruger DG, Zink F, Peppler WW, Ergun DL, Mistretta CA. A regional convolution kernel algorithm for scatter correction in dual-energy images: comparison to single-kernel algorithms. Med Phys 1994; 21:175-84. [PMID: 8177150 DOI: 10.1118/1.597297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Single kernel scatter correction algorithms are based on the model that the scatter field can be predicted by convolution of the primary intensity (Iprim) with a spatially invariant scatter point-spread function (PSF). Practical limitations (Iprim unknown) suggest the substitution of the total detected intensity (Idet) for Iprim as the source image in the convolution. In regions of high scatter fraction (SF), Idet is a poor approximation of Iprim, thereby causing an overestimation of scatter originating in the region. This contributes to errors in estimating detected scatter in the mediastinum and neighboring regions. A technique using a regionally variable point-spread function that significantly reduces RMS error in estimation of the primary image as compared to the single PSF method is investigated. The regionally variable convolution method employs a larger PSF in the mediastinum and a smaller PSF in the lungs to reduce the error in estimating the scatter throughout the image. The method to allow for patient differences has also been expanded and various implementations of these methods have been compared. Results show that the dual-kernel algorithm is always more effective than an equivalent single-kernel algorithm. The dual-kernel algorithm using a predicted scatter fraction curve gives an overall RMS error in the primary of as low as 20.8% which is equivalent to 8.7% RMS error in the scatter. The dual-kernel method using a predicted scatter fraction curve approaches the accuracy of the single-kernel method using patient specific scatter measurements. Because using individual scatter measurements is a less desirable method for clinical use, we feel that the dual-kernel algorithm which uses two regions specific convolution kernels and a variable scatter fraction curve is the preferable method.
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