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Alper P, Betschart C, André C, Boulay T, Cheng D, Deane J, Faller M, Feifel R, Glatthar R, Han D, Hemmig R, Jiang T, Knoepfel T, Maginnis J, Mutnick D, Pei W, Ruzzante G, Syka P, Zhang G, Zhang Y, Zink F, Zipfel G, Hawtin S, Junt T, Michellys PY. Discovery of the TLR7/8 Antagonist MHV370 for Treatment of Systemic Autoimmune Diseases. ACS Med Chem Lett 2023; 14:1054-1062. [PMID: 37583811 PMCID: PMC10424326 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.3c00136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Toll-like receptor (TLR) 7 and TLR8 are endosomal sensors of the innate immune system that are activated by GU-rich single stranded RNA (ssRNA). Multiple genetic and functional lines of evidence link chronic activation of TLR7/8 to the pathogenesis of systemic autoimmune diseases (sAID) such as Sjögren's syndrome (SjS) and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). This makes targeting TLR7/8-induced inflammation with small-molecule inhibitors an attractive approach for the treatment of patients suffering from systemic autoimmune diseases. Here, we describe how structure-based optimization of compound 2 resulted in the discovery of 34 (MHV370, (S)-N-(4-((5-(1,6-dimethyl-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridin-4-yl)-3-methyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-1H-pyrazolo[4,3-c]pyridin-1-yl)methyl)bicyclo[2.2.2]octan-1-yl)morpholine-3-carboxamide). Its in vivo activity allows for further profiling toward clinical trials in patients with autoimmune disorders, and a Phase 2 proof of concept study of MHV370 has been initiated, testing its safety and efficacy in patients with Sjögren's syndrome and mixed connective tissue disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phil Alper
- Novartis
Institutes for Biomedical Research, 10675 John Jay Hopkins Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Claudia Betschart
- Novartis
Institutes for Biomedical Research, Fabrikstrasse 2, Novartis Campus, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Cédric André
- Novartis
Institutes for Biomedical Research, Fabrikstrasse 2, Novartis Campus, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Boulay
- Novartis
Institutes for Biomedical Research, Fabrikstrasse 2, Novartis Campus, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Dai Cheng
- Novartis
Institutes for Biomedical Research, 10675 John Jay Hopkins Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Jonathan Deane
- Novartis
Institutes for Biomedical Research, 10675 John Jay Hopkins Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Michael Faller
- Novartis
Institutes for Biomedical Research, Fabrikstrasse 2, Novartis Campus, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Roland Feifel
- Novartis
Institutes for Biomedical Research, Fabrikstrasse 2, Novartis Campus, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ralf Glatthar
- Novartis
Institutes for Biomedical Research, Fabrikstrasse 2, Novartis Campus, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Dong Han
- Novartis
Institutes for Biomedical Research, 10675 John Jay Hopkins Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Rene Hemmig
- Novartis
Institutes for Biomedical Research, Fabrikstrasse 2, Novartis Campus, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Tao Jiang
- Novartis
Institutes for Biomedical Research, 10675 John Jay Hopkins Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Thomas Knoepfel
- Novartis
Institutes for Biomedical Research, Fabrikstrasse 2, Novartis Campus, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jillian Maginnis
- Novartis
Institutes for Biomedical Research, 10675 John Jay Hopkins Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Daniel Mutnick
- Novartis
Institutes for Biomedical Research, 10675 John Jay Hopkins Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Wei Pei
- Novartis
Institutes for Biomedical Research, 10675 John Jay Hopkins Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Giulia Ruzzante
- Novartis
Institutes for Biomedical Research, Fabrikstrasse 2, Novartis Campus, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Peter Syka
- Novartis
Institutes for Biomedical Research, 10675 John Jay Hopkins Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Guobao Zhang
- Novartis
Institutes for Biomedical Research, 10675 John Jay Hopkins Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Yi Zhang
- Novartis
Institutes for Biomedical Research, 10675 John Jay Hopkins Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Florence Zink
- Novartis
Institutes for Biomedical Research, Fabrikstrasse 2, Novartis Campus, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Géraldine Zipfel
- Novartis
Institutes for Biomedical Research, Fabrikstrasse 2, Novartis Campus, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Stuart Hawtin
- Novartis
Institutes for Biomedical Research, Fabrikstrasse 2, Novartis Campus, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Tobias Junt
- Novartis
Institutes for Biomedical Research, Fabrikstrasse 2, Novartis Campus, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Pierre-Yves Michellys
- Novartis
Institutes for Biomedical Research, 10675 John Jay Hopkins Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
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Chiang CY, Lane DJ, Zou Y, Hoffman T, Pan J, Hampton J, Maginnis J, Nayak BP, D'Oro U, Valiante N, Miller AT, Cooke M, Wu T, Bavari S, Panchal RG. A Novel Toll-Like Receptor 2 Agonist Protects Mice in a Prophylactic Treatment Model Against Challenge With Bacillus anthracis. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:803041. [PMID: 35369443 PMCID: PMC8965344 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.803041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Current therapies for anthrax include the use of antibiotics (i.e., doxycycline, and ciprofloxacin), an anthrax vaccine (BioThrax) and Bacillus anthracis-specific, monoclonal antibody (mAb) (i.e., Raxibacumab and obiltoxaximab). In this study, we investigated the activity of immunomodulators, which potentiate inflammatory responses through innate immune receptors. The rationale for the use of innate immune receptor agonists as adjunctive immunomodulators for infectious diseases is based on the concept that augmentation of host defense should promote the antimicrobial mechanism of the host. Our aim was to explore the anti-B. anthracis effector function of Toll-like receptor (TLR) agonists using a mouse model. Amongst the six TLR ligands tested, Pam3CSK4 (TLR1/2 ligand) was the best at protecting mice from lethal challenge of B. anthracis. We then evaluated the activity of a novel TLR2 ligand, DA-98-WW07. DA-98-WW07 demonstrated enhanced protection in B. anthracis infected mice. The surviving mice that received DA-98-WW07 when re-challenged with B. anthracis 20 days post the first infection showed increased survival rate. Moreover, ciprofloxacin, when treated in adjunct with a suboptimal concentration of DA-98-WW07 demonstrated augmented activity in protecting mice from B. anthracis infection. Taken together, we report the prophylactic treatment potential of DA-98-WW07 for anthrax and the utility of immunomodulators in combination with an antibiotic to treat infections caused by the B. anthracis bacterium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Yuan Chiang
- Division of Molecular Biology, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Frederick, MD, United States
| | - Douglas J Lane
- Division of Molecular Biology, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Frederick, MD, United States
| | - Yefen Zou
- Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Tim Hoffman
- Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Jianfeng Pan
- Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Janice Hampton
- Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Jillian Maginnis
- Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Bishnu P Nayak
- Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Ugo D'Oro
- Novartis Vaccines and Diagnostics, Siena, Italy
| | | | - Andrew T Miller
- Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Michael Cooke
- Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Tom Wu
- Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Sina Bavari
- Division of Molecular Biology, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Frederick, MD, United States
| | - Rekha G Panchal
- Division of Molecular Biology, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Frederick, MD, United States
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Alper PB, Deane J, Betschart C, Buffet D, Collignon Zipfel G, Gordon P, Hampton J, Hawtin S, Ibanez M, Jiang T, Junt T, Knoepfel T, Liu B, Maginnis J, McKeever U, Michellys PY, Mutnick D, Nayak B, Niwa S, Richmond W, Rush JS, Syka P, Zhang Y, Zhu X. Discovery of potent, orally bioavailable in vivo efficacious antagonists of the TLR7/8 pathway. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2020; 30:127366. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2020.127366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Revised: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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4
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Cortez A, Li Y, Miller AT, Zhang X, Yue K, Maginnis J, Hampton J, Hall DS, Shapiro M, Nayak B, D'Oro U, Li C, Skibinski D, Mbow ML, Singh M, O'Hagan DT, Cooke MP, Valiante NM, Wu TYH. Incorporation of Phosphonate into Benzonaphthyridine Toll-like Receptor 7 Agonists for Adsorption to Aluminum Hydroxide. J Med Chem 2016; 59:5868-78. [PMID: 27270029 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.6b00489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Small molecule Toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7) agonists have been used as vaccine adjuvants by enhancing innate immune activation to afford better adaptive response. Localized TLR7 agonists without systemic exposure can afford good adjuvanticity, suggesting peripheral innate activation (non-antigen-specific) is not required for immune priming. To enhance colocalization of antigen and adjuvant, benzonaphthyridine (BZN) TLR7 agonists are chemically modified with phosphonates to allow adsorption onto aluminum hydroxide (alum), a formulation commonly used in vaccines for antigen stabilization and injection site deposition. The adsorption process is facilitated by enhancing aqueous solubility of BZN analogs to avoid physical mixture of two insoluble particulates. These BZN-phosphonates are highly adsorbed onto alum, which significantly reduced systemic exposure and increased local retention post injection. This report demonstrates a novel approach in vaccine adjuvant design using phosphonate modification to afford adsorption of small molecule immune potentiator (SMIP) onto alum, thereby enhancing co-delivery with antigen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Cortez
- Genomics Institute of Novartis Research Foundation , 10675 John Jay Hopkins Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Yongkai Li
- Genomics Institute of Novartis Research Foundation , 10675 John Jay Hopkins Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Andrew T Miller
- Genomics Institute of Novartis Research Foundation , 10675 John Jay Hopkins Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Xiaoyue Zhang
- Genomics Institute of Novartis Research Foundation , 10675 John Jay Hopkins Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Kathy Yue
- Genomics Institute of Novartis Research Foundation , 10675 John Jay Hopkins Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Jillian Maginnis
- Genomics Institute of Novartis Research Foundation , 10675 John Jay Hopkins Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Janice Hampton
- Genomics Institute of Novartis Research Foundation , 10675 John Jay Hopkins Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - De Shon Hall
- Genomics Institute of Novartis Research Foundation , 10675 John Jay Hopkins Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Michael Shapiro
- Genomics Institute of Novartis Research Foundation , 10675 John Jay Hopkins Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Bishnu Nayak
- Genomics Institute of Novartis Research Foundation , 10675 John Jay Hopkins Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Ugo D'Oro
- GSK Vaccines , Via Florentina, 1, 53100, Siena, Italy
| | - Chun Li
- Genomics Institute of Novartis Research Foundation , 10675 John Jay Hopkins Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | | | - M Lamine Mbow
- GSK Vaccines , 45 Sydney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Manmohan Singh
- GSK Vaccines , 45 Sydney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Derek T O'Hagan
- GSK Vaccines , 45 Sydney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Michael P Cooke
- Genomics Institute of Novartis Research Foundation , 10675 John Jay Hopkins Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Nicholas M Valiante
- GSK Vaccines , 45 Sydney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Tom Y-H Wu
- Genomics Institute of Novartis Research Foundation , 10675 John Jay Hopkins Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
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