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Rolland T, Cliquet F, Anney RJL, Moreau C, Traut N, Mathieu A, Huguet G, Duan J, Warrier V, Portalier S, Dry L, Leblond CS, Douard E, Amsellem F, Malesys S, Maruani A, Toro R, Børglum AD, Grove J, Baron-Cohen S, Packer A, Chung WK, Jacquemont S, Delorme R, Bourgeron T. Phenotypic effects of genetic variants associated with autism. Nat Med 2023; 29:1671-1680. [PMID: 37365347 PMCID: PMC10353945 DOI: 10.1038/s41591-023-02408-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
While over 100 genes have been associated with autism, little is known about the prevalence of variants affecting them in individuals without a diagnosis of autism. Nor do we fully appreciate the phenotypic diversity beyond the formal autism diagnosis. Based on data from more than 13,000 individuals with autism and 210,000 undiagnosed individuals, we estimated the odds ratios for autism associated to rare loss-of-function (LoF) variants in 185 genes associated with autism, alongside 2,492 genes displaying intolerance to LoF variants. In contrast to autism-centric approaches, we investigated the correlates of these variants in individuals without a diagnosis of autism. We show that these variants are associated with a small but significant decrease in fluid intelligence, qualification level and income and an increase in metrics related to material deprivation. These effects were larger for autism-associated genes than in other LoF-intolerant genes. Using brain imaging data from 21,040 individuals from the UK Biobank, we could not detect significant differences in the overall brain anatomy between LoF carriers and non-carriers. Our results highlight the importance of studying the effect of the genetic variants beyond categorical diagnosis and the need for more research to understand the association between these variants and sociodemographic factors, to best support individuals carrying these variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Rolland
- Human Genetics and Cognitive Functions, Institut Pasteur, UMR3571 CNRS, IUF, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France.
| | - Freddy Cliquet
- Human Genetics and Cognitive Functions, Institut Pasteur, UMR3571 CNRS, IUF, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Richard J L Anney
- Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Clara Moreau
- Human Genetics and Cognitive Functions, Institut Pasteur, UMR3571 CNRS, IUF, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Nicolas Traut
- Human Genetics and Cognitive Functions, Institut Pasteur, UMR3571 CNRS, IUF, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Center for Research and Interdisciplinarity (CRI), Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Alexandre Mathieu
- Human Genetics and Cognitive Functions, Institut Pasteur, UMR3571 CNRS, IUF, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Guillaume Huguet
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Jinjie Duan
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, iPSYCH, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Biomedicine and the iSEQ Centre, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Varun Warrier
- Autism Research Centre, Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Swan Portalier
- Human Genetics and Cognitive Functions, Institut Pasteur, UMR3571 CNRS, IUF, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Louise Dry
- Human Genetics and Cognitive Functions, Institut Pasteur, UMR3571 CNRS, IUF, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Claire S Leblond
- Human Genetics and Cognitive Functions, Institut Pasteur, UMR3571 CNRS, IUF, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Elise Douard
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Département de Pédiatrie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Frédérique Amsellem
- Human Genetics and Cognitive Functions, Institut Pasteur, UMR3571 CNRS, IUF, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Robert Debré Hospital, APHP, Paris, France
| | - Simon Malesys
- Human Genetics and Cognitive Functions, Institut Pasteur, UMR3571 CNRS, IUF, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Anna Maruani
- Human Genetics and Cognitive Functions, Institut Pasteur, UMR3571 CNRS, IUF, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Robert Debré Hospital, APHP, Paris, France
| | - Roberto Toro
- Human Genetics and Cognitive Functions, Institut Pasteur, UMR3571 CNRS, IUF, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Center for Research and Interdisciplinarity (CRI), Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Anders D Børglum
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, iPSYCH, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Biomedicine and the iSEQ Centre, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Jakob Grove
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, iPSYCH, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Biomedicine and the iSEQ Centre, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine, Aarhus, Denmark
- Bioinformatics Research Centre, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Simon Baron-Cohen
- Autism Research Centre, Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Wendy K Chung
- Simons Foundation, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sébastien Jacquemont
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Département de Pédiatrie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Richard Delorme
- Human Genetics and Cognitive Functions, Institut Pasteur, UMR3571 CNRS, IUF, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Robert Debré Hospital, APHP, Paris, France
| | - Thomas Bourgeron
- Human Genetics and Cognitive Functions, Institut Pasteur, UMR3571 CNRS, IUF, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France.
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2
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Baillin F, Lefebvre A, Pedoux A, Beauxis Y, Engemann DA, Maruani A, Amsellem F, Kelso JAS, Bourgeron T, Delorme R, Dumas G. Interactive Psychometrics for Autism With the Human Dynamic Clamp: Interpersonal Synchrony From Sensorimotor to Sociocognitive Domains. Front Psychiatry 2020; 11:510366. [PMID: 33324246 PMCID: PMC7725713 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.510366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The human dynamic clamp (HDC) is a human-machine interface designed on the basis of coordination dynamics for studying realistic social interaction under controlled and reproducible conditions. Here, we propose to probe the validity of the HDC as a psychometric instrument for quantifying social abilities in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and neurotypical development. To study interpersonal synchrony with the HDC, we derived five standardized scores following a gradient from sensorimotor and motor to higher sociocognitive skills in a sample of 155 individuals (113 participants with ASD, 42 typically developing participants; aged 5 to 25 years; IQ > 70). Regression analyses were performed using normative modeling on global scores according to four subconditions (HDC behavior "cooperative/competitive," human task "in-phase/anti-phase," diagnosis, and age at inclusion). Children with ASD had lower scores than controls for motor skills. HDC motor coordination scores were the best candidates for stratification and diagnostic biomarkers according to exploratory analyses of hierarchical clustering and multivariate classification. Independently of phenotype, sociocognitive skills increased with developmental age while being affected by the ongoing task and HDC behavior. Weaker performance in ASD for motor skills suggests the convergent validity of the HDC for evaluating social interaction. Results provided additional evidence of a relationship between sensorimotor and sociocognitive skills. HDC may also be used as a marker of maturation of sociocognitive skills during real-time social interaction. Through its standardized and objective evaluation, the HDC not only represents a valid paradigm for the study of interpersonal synchrony but also offers a promising, clinically relevant psychometric instrument for the evaluation and stratification of sociomotor dysfunctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florence Baillin
- Human Genetics and Cognitive Functions, Institut Pasteur, UMR3571 CNRS, Université de Paris, Paris, France.,Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, Robert Debré Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Aline Lefebvre
- Human Genetics and Cognitive Functions, Institut Pasteur, UMR3571 CNRS, Université de Paris, Paris, France.,Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, Robert Debré Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Amandine Pedoux
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, Robert Debré Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Yann Beauxis
- Human Genetics and Cognitive Functions, Institut Pasteur, UMR3571 CNRS, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Denis A Engemann
- Parietal Project-Team, INRIA Saclay - Île de France, Palaiseau, France
| | - Anna Maruani
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, Robert Debré Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Frédérique Amsellem
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, Robert Debré Hospital, Paris, France
| | - J A Scott Kelso
- Human Brain and Behavior Laboratory, Center for Complex Systems and Brain Sciences, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL, United States.,Intelligent Systems Research Centre, University of Ulster, Derry Londonderry, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas Bourgeron
- Human Genetics and Cognitive Functions, Institut Pasteur, UMR3571 CNRS, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Richard Delorme
- Human Genetics and Cognitive Functions, Institut Pasteur, UMR3571 CNRS, Université de Paris, Paris, France.,Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, Robert Debré Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Guillaume Dumas
- Human Genetics and Cognitive Functions, Institut Pasteur, UMR3571 CNRS, Université de Paris, Paris, France.,Human Brain and Behavior Laboratory, Center for Complex Systems and Brain Sciences, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL, United States.,Department of Psychiatry, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada.,CHU Sainte-Justine Centre de Recherche, Precision Psychiatry and Social Physiology Laboratory, Montreal, QC, Canada
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3
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Bouvet L, Amsellem F, Maruani A, Tonus-Vic Dupont A, Mathieu A, Bourgeron T, Delorme R, Mottron L. Synesthesia & autistic features in a large family: Evidence for spatial imagery as a common factor. Behav Brain Res 2019; 362:266-272. [PMID: 30639511 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2019.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Revised: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Autism and synesthesia are neurodevelopmental conditions associated with variants of perceptual processing. They also share some genetic variants and include a large magnitude of intra-categorical variation: 60 types for synesthesia, as well as a spectrum for autism. In order to investigate the relationship between these two phenomena, we investigated the family of FC, an autistic individual who also possess savant abilities and synesthesia manifestations. METHOD Autistic symptoms were assessed for the entire sample of participants entering the study (39 individuals) using the SRS. Participants above threshold were evaluated with standardized diagnostic tools. Synesthesia was explored in the entire participating sample using a self-reported questionnaire. Consistency tests were used for participants who reported synesthetic manifestations. RESULTS In addition to FC, four individuals with ASD were detected. Fifteen participants self-reported synesthesia (15 sequence-space, 4 sound-shape, 4 day-color), among which nine sequence-space synesthetes satisfied the consistency criteria. Two participants possess both autism and synesthesia. CONCLUSION This family illustrates the co-segregation of autism and synesthesia. This co-segregation is in favour of a partially overlapping genetic predisposition for both conditions, but also authorizes a large variety of manifestations in both conditions. The high prevalence of sequence-space synesthesia in this family strengthens the previous assumption that this form of synesthesia may be linked to autism. We discuss the potential role of spatial imagery in the development of this form of synesthesia and savant abilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucie Bouvet
- Laboratoire CERPPS (EA7411), Université Toulouse Jean Jaurés, Toulouse, France.
| | - Frédérique Amsellem
- Human Genetics and Cognitive Functions Unit, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France; Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, Hôpital Robert-Debré, APHP, 75019, Paris, France; Fondation FondaMental, 94000, Créteil, France
| | - Anna Maruani
- Human Genetics and Cognitive Functions Unit, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France; Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, Hôpital Robert-Debré, APHP, 75019, Paris, France
| | - Adelaïde Tonus-Vic Dupont
- Human Genetics and Cognitive Functions Unit, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France; Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, Hôpital Robert-Debré, APHP, 75019, Paris, France
| | - Alexandre Mathieu
- Human Genetics and Cognitive Functions Unit, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France; CNRS UMR 3571: Genes, Synapses and Cognition, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Thomas Bourgeron
- Human Genetics and Cognitive Functions Unit, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France; CNRS UMR 3571: Genes, Synapses and Cognition, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France; Fondation FondaMental, 94000, Créteil, France; Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Human Genetics and Cognitive Functions, Paris, France
| | - Richard Delorme
- Human Genetics and Cognitive Functions Unit, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France; CNRS UMR 3571: Genes, Synapses and Cognition, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France; Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, Hôpital Robert-Debré, APHP, 75019, Paris, France; Fondation FondaMental, 94000, Créteil, France; Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Human Genetics and Cognitive Functions, Paris, France
| | - Laurent Mottron
- Center of Excellence for Pervasive Developmental Disorders of the University of Montreal (CETEDUM), Rivières-des-Prairies Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Research Center of CIUSSS of the North of Montreal and Department of Psychiatry, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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4
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Maruani A, Dumas G, Beggiato A, Traut N, Peyre H, Cohen-Freoua A, Amsellem F, Elmaleh M, Germanaud D, Launay JM, Bourgeron T, Toro R, Delorme R. Morning Plasma Melatonin Differences in Autism: Beyond the Impact of Pineal Gland Volume. Front Psychiatry 2019; 10:11. [PMID: 30787884 PMCID: PMC6372551 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
While low plasma melatonin, a neuro-hormone synthesized in the pineal gland, has been frequently associated with autism, our understanding of the mechanisms behind it have remained unclear. In this exploratory study, we hypothesized that low melatonin levels in ASD could be linked to a decrease of the pineal gland volume (PGV). PGV estimates with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with a voxel-based volumetric measurement method and early morning plasma melatonin levels were evaluated for 215 participants, including 78 individuals with ASD, 90 unaffected relatives, and 47 controls. We first found that both early morning melatonin level and PGV were lower in patients compared to controls. We secondly built a linear model and observed that plasma melatonin was correlated to the group of the participant, but also to the PGV. To further understand the relationship between PGV and melatonin, we generated a normative model of the PGV relationship with melatonin level based on control participant data. We found an effect of PGV on normalized melatonin levels in ASD. Melatonin deficit appeared however more related to the group of the subject. Thus, melatonin variations in ASD could be mainly driven by melatonin pathway dysregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Maruani
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, Robert Debré Hospital, Paris, France.,Human Genetics and Cognitive Functions, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Guillaume Dumas
- Human Genetics and Cognitive Functions, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Anita Beggiato
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, Robert Debré Hospital, Paris, France.,Human Genetics and Cognitive Functions, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Nicolas Traut
- Human Genetics and Cognitive Functions, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Hugo Peyre
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, Robert Debré Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Alicia Cohen-Freoua
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, Robert Debré Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Frédérique Amsellem
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, Robert Debré Hospital, Paris, France.,Human Genetics and Cognitive Functions, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Monique Elmaleh
- Pediatric Radiology Department, Robert Debré Hospital, Paris, France
| | - David Germanaud
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Robert Debré Hospital, AP-HP, Paris, France.,Neuropaediatric Team, UNIACT, NeuroSpin, CEA-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Jean-Marie Launay
- Biochemistry Department, INSERM U942, Lariboisière Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hopitaux de Paris EA 3621, Paris, France
| | - Thomas Bourgeron
- Human Genetics and Cognitive Functions, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Roberto Toro
- Human Genetics and Cognitive Functions, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Richard Delorme
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, Robert Debré Hospital, Paris, France.,Human Genetics and Cognitive Functions, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
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5
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Safra L, Ioannou C, Amsellem F, Delorme R, Chevallier C. Distinct effects of social motivation on face evaluations in adolescents with and without autism. Sci Rep 2018; 8:10648. [PMID: 30006527 PMCID: PMC6045598 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-28514-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2017] [Accepted: 06/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Individual differences in social motivation have an influence on many behaviours in both clinical and non-clinical populations. As such, social motivation has been identified as a biological trait that is particularly well-suited for dimensional approaches cutting across neuropsychological conditions. In the present paper, we tested whether social motivation had a similar impact in the general population and in a neuropsychological condition characterized by diminished social motivation: Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD). More precisely, we evaluated the effect of social motivation on face evaluations in 20 adolescents with ASD and 20 matched controls using avatars parametrically varying in dominance and trustworthiness. In line with previous research, we found in the control group that participants with higher levels of social motivation relied more on perceived trustworthiness when producing likeability judgments. However, this pattern was not found in the ASD group. Social motivation thus appears to have a different effect in ASD and control populations, which raises questions about the relevance of subclinical or non-clinical populations to understand ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lou Safra
- Laboratoire de Neurosciences Cognitives, Inserm unit 960, Département d'Etudes Cognitives, Ecole Normale Supérieure, PSL Research University, Paris, 75005, France.
| | - Christina Ioannou
- Laboratoire de Neurosciences Cognitives, Inserm unit 960, Département d'Etudes Cognitives, Ecole Normale Supérieure, PSL Research University, Paris, 75005, France
| | - Frédérique Amsellem
- Service de Psychiatrie de l'Enfant et de l'Adolescent, Hôpital Universitaire Robert Debré, Paris, 75019, France.,Génétique Humaine et Fonction Cognitive, Institut Pasteur, Paris, 75015, France
| | - Richard Delorme
- Service de Psychiatrie de l'Enfant et de l'Adolescent, Hôpital Universitaire Robert Debré, Paris, 75019, France.,Génétique Humaine et Fonction Cognitive, Institut Pasteur, Paris, 75015, France
| | - Coralie Chevallier
- Laboratoire de Neurosciences Cognitives, Inserm unit 960, Département d'Etudes Cognitives, Ecole Normale Supérieure, PSL Research University, Paris, 75005, France.
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6
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Tabet AC, Rolland T, Ducloy M, Lévy J, Buratti J, Mathieu A, Haye D, Perrin L, Dupont C, Passemard S, Capri Y, Verloes A, Drunat S, Keren B, Mignot C, Marey I, Jacquette A, Whalen S, Pipiras E, Benzacken B, Chantot-Bastaraud S, Afenjar A, Héron D, Le Caignec C, Beneteau C, Pichon O, Isidor B, David A, El Khattabi L, Kemeny S, Gouas L, Vago P, Mosca-Boidron AL, Faivre L, Missirian C, Philip N, Sanlaville D, Edery P, Satre V, Coutton C, Devillard F, Dieterich K, Vuillaume ML, Rooryck C, Lacombe D, Pinson L, Gatinois V, Puechberty J, Chiesa J, Lespinasse J, Dubourg C, Quelin C, Fradin M, Journel H, Toutain A, Martin D, Benmansour A, Leblond CS, Toro R, Amsellem F, Delorme R, Bourgeron T. A framework to identify contributing genes in patients with Phelan-McDermid syndrome. NPJ Genom Med 2017; 2:32. [PMID: 29263841 PMCID: PMC5677962 DOI: 10.1038/s41525-017-0035-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2017] [Revised: 06/23/2017] [Accepted: 09/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Phelan-McDermid syndrome (PMS) is characterized by a variety of clinical symptoms with heterogeneous degrees of severity, including intellectual disability (ID), absent or delayed speech, and autism spectrum disorders (ASD). It results from a deletion of the distal part of chromosome 22q13 that in most cases includes the SHANK3 gene. SHANK3 is considered a major gene for PMS, but the factors that modulate the severity of the syndrome remain largely unknown. In this study, we investigated 85 patients with different 22q13 rearrangements (78 deletions and 7 duplications). We first explored the clinical features associated with PMS, and provide evidence for frequent corpus callosum abnormalities in 28% of 35 patients with brain imaging data. We then mapped several candidate genomic regions at the 22q13 region associated with high risk of clinical features, and suggest a second locus at 22q13 associated with absence of speech. Finally, in some cases, we identified additional clinically relevant copy-number variants (CNVs) at loci associated with ASD, such as 16p11.2 and 15q11q13, which could modulate the severity of the syndrome. We also report an inherited SHANK3 deletion transmitted to five affected daughters by a mother without ID nor ASD, suggesting that some individuals could compensate for such mutations. In summary, we shed light on the genotype-phenotype relationship of patients with PMS, a step towards the identification of compensatory mechanisms for a better prognosis and possibly treatments of patients with neurodevelopmental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Claude Tabet
- Genetics Department, Robert Debré Hospital, APHP, Paris, France
- Human Genetics and Cognitive Functions, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- CNRS UMR 3571 Genes, Synapses and Cognition, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- Sorbonne Paris Cité, Human Genetics and Cognitive Functions, Université Paris Diderot, Paris, France
| | - Thomas Rolland
- Human Genetics and Cognitive Functions, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- CNRS UMR 3571 Genes, Synapses and Cognition, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- Sorbonne Paris Cité, Human Genetics and Cognitive Functions, Université Paris Diderot, Paris, France
| | - Marie Ducloy
- Human Genetics and Cognitive Functions, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- CNRS UMR 3571 Genes, Synapses and Cognition, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- Sorbonne Paris Cité, Human Genetics and Cognitive Functions, Université Paris Diderot, Paris, France
| | - Jonathan Lévy
- Genetics Department, Robert Debré Hospital, APHP, Paris, France
| | - Julien Buratti
- Human Genetics and Cognitive Functions, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- CNRS UMR 3571 Genes, Synapses and Cognition, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- Sorbonne Paris Cité, Human Genetics and Cognitive Functions, Université Paris Diderot, Paris, France
| | - Alexandre Mathieu
- Human Genetics and Cognitive Functions, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- CNRS UMR 3571 Genes, Synapses and Cognition, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- Sorbonne Paris Cité, Human Genetics and Cognitive Functions, Université Paris Diderot, Paris, France
| | - Damien Haye
- Genetics Department, Robert Debré Hospital, APHP, Paris, France
| | - Laurence Perrin
- Genetics Department, Robert Debré Hospital, APHP, Paris, France
| | - Céline Dupont
- Genetics Department, Robert Debré Hospital, APHP, Paris, France
| | | | - Yline Capri
- Genetics Department, Robert Debré Hospital, APHP, Paris, France
| | - Alain Verloes
- Genetics Department, Robert Debré Hospital, APHP, Paris, France
| | - Séverine Drunat
- Genetics Department, Robert Debré Hospital, APHP, Paris, France
| | - Boris Keren
- Cytogenetics Unit, Pitié Salpetrière Hospital, APHP, Paris, France
| | - Cyril Mignot
- Neurogenetics Unit, Pitié Salpetrière Hospital, APHP, Paris, France
| | - Isabelle Marey
- Clinical Genetics Unit, Pitié Salpetrière Hospital, APHP, Paris, France
| | - Aurélia Jacquette
- Clinical Genetics Unit, Pitié Salpetrière Hospital, APHP, Paris, France
| | - Sandra Whalen
- Clinical Genetics Unit, Pitié Salpetrière Hospital, APHP, Paris, France
| | - Eva Pipiras
- Cytogenetics Unit, Jean Verdier Hospital, APHP, Bondy, France
| | | | | | | | - Delphine Héron
- Clinical Genetics Unit, Trousseau Hospital, APHP, Paris, France
| | | | | | | | | | - Albert David
- Clinical Genetics Unit, Nantes Hospital, Nantes, France
| | | | | | | | - Philippe Vago
- Genetics Unit, CHU Estaing, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | | | | | | | - Nicole Philip
- Genetics Unit, La Timone Hospital, Marseille, France
| | | | - Patrick Edery
- Clinical Genetics Unit, Lyon Civil Hospital, Lyon, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Lucile Pinson
- Genetics Unit, Montpellier Hospital, Montpellier, France
| | | | | | | | - James Lespinasse
- Cytogenetics Unit, Chambéry-Hôtel-Dieu Hospital, Chambéry, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Claire S. Leblond
- Human Genetics and Cognitive Functions, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- CNRS UMR 3571 Genes, Synapses and Cognition, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- Sorbonne Paris Cité, Human Genetics and Cognitive Functions, Université Paris Diderot, Paris, France
| | - Roberto Toro
- Human Genetics and Cognitive Functions, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- CNRS UMR 3571 Genes, Synapses and Cognition, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- Sorbonne Paris Cité, Human Genetics and Cognitive Functions, Université Paris Diderot, Paris, France
| | - Frédérique Amsellem
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Robert Debré Hospital, APHP, Paris, France
| | - Richard Delorme
- Human Genetics and Cognitive Functions, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- CNRS UMR 3571 Genes, Synapses and Cognition, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- Sorbonne Paris Cité, Human Genetics and Cognitive Functions, Université Paris Diderot, Paris, France
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Robert Debré Hospital, APHP, Paris, France
| | - Thomas Bourgeron
- Human Genetics and Cognitive Functions, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- CNRS UMR 3571 Genes, Synapses and Cognition, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- Sorbonne Paris Cité, Human Genetics and Cognitive Functions, Université Paris Diderot, Paris, France
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Gaman A, Godin O, Scheid I, Monnet D, Murzi E, Martinez Teruel A, Amsellem F, Laouamri H, Souyris K, Houneou J, Infor T, Delorme R, Leboyer M. Psychiatric Co-morbidities in a French Cohort of Adults with High-functioning Autism (HFA). Eur Psychiatry 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpsy.2017.01.1960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and rationalePsychiatric comorbidities are shown to be very prevalent in patients diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), up high to 53% for mood, 50% anxiety and 43% for ADHD disorders in an European cohort of adults with HFA. Using a new approach, our study proposes to explore aspects of comorbidities in the largest French cohort of HFA adults (C0733/InfoR) by implying qualitative and quantitative clinical tools.AimsTo explore: (1) the prevalence rates of psychiatric comorbidities; (2) the interplay between comorbidities and the ASD symptoms.MethodsDiagnosis was made according to DSM 5 criteria. Dimensional evaluation used Social Responsiveness Scale (SRS), Systemizing Quotient (SQ) and Empathy Quotient (EQ). We used T-test, Mann–Whitney test and linear regression models.ResultsWe included 103 patients (mean age 29.3, sex ratio M/F: 3.4:1). Lifetime prevalence rates of 53.5% for depressive disorder 73.5% for anxiety disorders and 37.5% for ADHD were found. Subjects with psychotic co-morbid symptoms had a more severe social deficit (SRS score 66.2 vs 77.9 P < 0.05); patients with ADHD, lower cognition (mean IQ total 107.7 vs 99.0 P < 0.05). SQs (P < 0.05) were significantly higher in patients with co-morbid psychosis, dysthymia, suicide attempts, and depressive disorders and directly correlated with age (β = 0.35, P < 0.05). SQ and EQ were inversely correlated.DiscussionThe results reproduce the high prevalence of comorbidities in other studies and explore its association with social functioning and cognition. Identification of associated psychiatric conditions in subjects with HFA is therefore a crucial clinical issue potentially guiding the treatment.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
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8
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Mercati O, Huguet G, Danckaert A, André-Leroux G, Maruani A, Bellinzoni M, Rolland T, Gouder L, Mathieu A, Buratti J, Amsellem F, Benabou M, Van-Gils J, Beggiato A, Konyukh M, Bourgeois JP, Gazzellone MJ, Yuen RKC, Walker S, Delépine M, Boland A, Régnault B, Francois M, Van Den Abbeele T, Mosca-Boidron AL, Faivre L, Shimoda Y, Watanabe K, Bonneau D, Rastam M, Leboyer M, Scherer SW, Gillberg C, Delorme R, Cloëz-Tayarani I, Bourgeron T. CNTN6 mutations are risk factors for abnormal auditory sensory perception in autism spectrum disorders. Mol Psychiatry 2017; 22:625-633. [PMID: 27166760 PMCID: PMC5378808 DOI: 10.1038/mp.2016.61] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2015] [Revised: 02/12/2016] [Accepted: 02/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Contactin genes CNTN5 and CNTN6 code for neuronal cell adhesion molecules that promote neurite outgrowth in sensory-motor neuronal pathways. Mutations of CNTN5 and CNTN6 have previously been reported in individuals with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs), but very little is known on their prevalence and clinical impact. In this study, we identified CNTN5 and CNTN6 deleterious variants in individuals with ASD. Among the carriers, a girl with ASD and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder was carrying five copies of CNTN5. For CNTN6, both deletions (6/1534 ASD vs 1/8936 controls; P=0.00006) and private coding sequence variants (18/501 ASD vs 535/33480 controls; P=0.0005) were enriched in individuals with ASD. Among the rare CNTN6 variants, two deletions were transmitted by fathers diagnosed with ASD, one stop mutation CNTN6W923X was transmitted by a mother to her two sons with ASD and one variant CNTN6P770L was found de novo in a boy with ASD. Clinical investigations of the patients carrying CNTN5 or CNTN6 variants showed that they were hypersensitive to sounds (a condition called hyperacusis) and displayed changes in wave latency within the auditory pathway. These results reinforce the hypothesis of abnormal neuronal connectivity in the pathophysiology of ASD and shed new light on the genes that increase risk for abnormal sensory perception in ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Mercati
- Human Genetics and Cognitive Functions Unit, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- CNRS UMR 3571: Genes, Synapses and Cognition, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Human Genetics and Cognitive Functions, Paris, France
| | - G Huguet
- Human Genetics and Cognitive Functions Unit, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- CNRS UMR 3571: Genes, Synapses and Cognition, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Human Genetics and Cognitive Functions, Paris, France
| | - A Danckaert
- Imagopole, Citech, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - G André-Leroux
- Institut Pasteur, Unité de Microbiologie Structurale, Paris, France
- CNRS UMR 3528, Paris, France
- INRA, Unité MaIAGE, UR1404, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - A Maruani
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, Robert Debré Hospital, Paris, France
| | - M Bellinzoni
- Institut Pasteur, Unité de Microbiologie Structurale, Paris, France
- CNRS UMR 3528, Paris, France
| | - T Rolland
- Human Genetics and Cognitive Functions Unit, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- CNRS UMR 3571: Genes, Synapses and Cognition, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Human Genetics and Cognitive Functions, Paris, France
| | - L Gouder
- Human Genetics and Cognitive Functions Unit, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- CNRS UMR 3571: Genes, Synapses and Cognition, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Human Genetics and Cognitive Functions, Paris, France
| | - A Mathieu
- Human Genetics and Cognitive Functions Unit, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- CNRS UMR 3571: Genes, Synapses and Cognition, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Human Genetics and Cognitive Functions, Paris, France
| | - J Buratti
- Human Genetics and Cognitive Functions Unit, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- CNRS UMR 3571: Genes, Synapses and Cognition, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Human Genetics and Cognitive Functions, Paris, France
| | - F Amsellem
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, Robert Debré Hospital, Paris, France
| | - M Benabou
- Human Genetics and Cognitive Functions Unit, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- CNRS UMR 3571: Genes, Synapses and Cognition, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Human Genetics and Cognitive Functions, Paris, France
| | - J Van-Gils
- Human Genetics and Cognitive Functions Unit, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- CNRS UMR 3571: Genes, Synapses and Cognition, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Human Genetics and Cognitive Functions, Paris, France
| | - A Beggiato
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, Robert Debré Hospital, Paris, France
| | - M Konyukh
- Human Genetics and Cognitive Functions Unit, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- CNRS UMR 3571: Genes, Synapses and Cognition, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Human Genetics and Cognitive Functions, Paris, France
| | - J-P Bourgeois
- Human Genetics and Cognitive Functions Unit, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- CNRS UMR 3571: Genes, Synapses and Cognition, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Human Genetics and Cognitive Functions, Paris, France
| | - M J Gazzellone
- Centre for Applied Genomics, Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - R K C Yuen
- Centre for Applied Genomics, Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - S Walker
- Centre for Applied Genomics, Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - M Delépine
- Centre National de Génotypage, Evry, France
| | - A Boland
- Centre National de Génotypage, Evry, France
| | - B Régnault
- Eukaryote Genotyping Platform, Genopole, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - M Francois
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, ENT and Head and Neck Surgery Department, Robert Debré Hospital, Paris-VII University, Paris, France
| | - T Van Den Abbeele
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, ENT and Head and Neck Surgery Department, Robert Debré Hospital, Paris-VII University, Paris, France
| | - A L Mosca-Boidron
- Département de Génétique, CHU Dijon et Université de Bourgogne, Dijon, France
| | - L Faivre
- Département de Génétique, CHU Dijon et Université de Bourgogne, Dijon, France
| | - Y Shimoda
- Department of Bioengineering, Nagaoka University of Technology, Nagaoka, Japan
| | - K Watanabe
- Department of Bioengineering, Nagaoka University of Technology, Nagaoka, Japan
| | - D Bonneau
- Département de Biochimie et Génétique, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Angers, France
| | - M Rastam
- Department of Clinical Sciences in Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Gillberg Neuropsychiatry Centre, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - M Leboyer
- INSERM U955, Psychiatrie Translationnelle, Créteil, France
- Université Paris Est, Faculté de Médecine, Créteil, France
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, DHU Pe-PSY, H. Mondor Hospital, Department of Psychiatry, Créteil, France
- FondaMental Foundation, Créteil, France
| | - S W Scherer
- Centre for Applied Genomics, Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
- McLaughlin Centre, Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - C Gillberg
- Gillberg Neuropsychiatry Centre, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - R Delorme
- Human Genetics and Cognitive Functions Unit, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- CNRS UMR 3571: Genes, Synapses and Cognition, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Human Genetics and Cognitive Functions, Paris, France
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, Robert Debré Hospital, Paris, France
| | - I Cloëz-Tayarani
- Human Genetics and Cognitive Functions Unit, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- CNRS UMR 3571: Genes, Synapses and Cognition, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Human Genetics and Cognitive Functions, Paris, France
| | - T Bourgeron
- Human Genetics and Cognitive Functions Unit, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- CNRS UMR 3571: Genes, Synapses and Cognition, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Human Genetics and Cognitive Functions, Paris, France
- Gillberg Neuropsychiatry Centre, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- FondaMental Foundation, Créteil, France
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9
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Ioannou C, Zein ME, Wyart V, Scheid I, Amsellem F, Delorme R, Chevallier C, Grèzes J. Shared mechanism for emotion processing in adolescents with and without autism. Sci Rep 2017; 7:42696. [PMID: 28218248 PMCID: PMC5317002 DOI: 10.1038/srep42696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2016] [Accepted: 01/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Although, the quest to understand emotional processing in individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) has led to an impressive number of studies, the picture that emerges from this research remains inconsistent. Some studies find that Typically Developing (TD) individuals outperform those with ASD in emotion recognition tasks, others find no such difference. In this paper, we move beyond focusing on potential group differences in behaviour to answer what we believe is a more pressing question: do individuals with ASD use the same mechanisms to process emotional cues? To this end, we rely on model-based analyses of participants’ accuracy during an emotion categorisation task in which displays of anger and fear are paired with direct vs. averted gaze. Behavioural data of 20 ASD and 20 TD adolescents revealed that the ASD group displayed lower overall performance. Yet, gaze direction had a similar impact on emotion categorisation in both groups, i.e. improved accuracy for salient combinations (anger-direct, fear-averted). Critically, computational modelling of participants’ behaviour reveals that the same mechanism, i.e. increased perceptual sensitivity, underlies the contextual impact of gaze in both groups. We discuss the specific experimental conditions that may favour emotion processing and the automatic integration of contextual information in ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Ioannou
- Laboratoire de Neurosciences Cognitives, Inserm unit 960, Département d'Etudes Cognitives, Ecole Normale Supérieure, PSL Research University, Paris, 75005, France
| | - Marwa El Zein
- Laboratoire de Neurosciences Cognitives, Inserm unit 960, Département d'Etudes Cognitives, Ecole Normale Supérieure, PSL Research University, Paris, 75005, France
| | - Valentin Wyart
- Laboratoire de Neurosciences Cognitives, Inserm unit 960, Département d'Etudes Cognitives, Ecole Normale Supérieure, PSL Research University, Paris, 75005, France
| | - Isabelle Scheid
- Centre Expert Asperger, Fondation Fondamental, Paris, 75019, France.,Service de Psychiatrie de l'Enfant et de l'Adolescent, Hôpital Universitaire Robert Debré, Paris, 75019, France
| | - Frédérique Amsellem
- Service de Psychiatrie de l'Enfant et de l'Adolescent, Hôpital Universitaire Robert Debré, Paris, 75019, France.,Génétique Humaine et Fonction Cognitive, Institut Pasteur, Paris, 75015, France
| | - Richard Delorme
- Service de Psychiatrie de l'Enfant et de l'Adolescent, Hôpital Universitaire Robert Debré, Paris, 75019, France.,Génétique Humaine et Fonction Cognitive, Institut Pasteur, Paris, 75015, France
| | - Coralie Chevallier
- Laboratoire de Neurosciences Cognitives, Inserm unit 960, Département d'Etudes Cognitives, Ecole Normale Supérieure, PSL Research University, Paris, 75005, France
| | - Julie Grèzes
- Laboratoire de Neurosciences Cognitives, Inserm unit 960, Département d'Etudes Cognitives, Ecole Normale Supérieure, PSL Research University, Paris, 75005, France
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10
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Forgeot d'Arc B, Ramus F, Lefebvre A, Brottier D, Zalla T, Moukawane S, Amsellem F, Letellier L, Peyre H, Mouren MC, Leboyer M, Delorme R. Atypical Social Judgment and Sensitivity to Perceptual Cues in Autism Spectrum Disorders. J Autism Dev Disord 2016; 46:1574-81. [PMID: 25149177 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-014-2208-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Evaluation of faces is an important dimension of social relationships. A degraded sensitivity to facial perceptual cues might contribute to atypical social interactions in autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The current study investigated whether face based social judgment is atypical in ASD and if so, whether it could be related to a degraded sensitivity to facial perceptual cues. Individuals with ASD (n = 33) and IQ- and age-matched controls (n = 38) were enrolled in this study. Watching a series of photographic or synthetic faces, they had to judge them for "kindness". In synthetic stimuli, the amount of perceptual cues available could be either large or small. We observed that social judgment was atypical in the ASD group on photographic stimuli, but, contrarily to the prediction based on the degraded sensitivity hypothesis, analyses on synthetic stimuli found a similar performance and a similar effect of the amount of perceptual cues in both groups. Further studies on perceptual differences between photographs and synthetic pictures of faces might help understand atypical social judgment in ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baudouin Forgeot d'Arc
- Laboratoire de Sciences Cognitives et Psycholinguistique, Ecole Normale Supérieure, CNRS, EHESS, Paris, France.
- Service de Psychopathologie de L'enfant et de L'adolescent, Hôpital Robert-Debré, Paris, France.
- Centre de Recherche de L'Institut Universitaire En Santé Mentale de Montréal, Montreal, Canada.
- Hôpital Rivière-Des-Prairies, Montreal, Canada.
- Programme Troubles Du Spectre Autistique, Centre D'excellence En Troubles Envahissants Du Développement de L'Université de Montréal, Hôpital Rivière-Des-Prairies, 7070 Boul Perras, Montreal, H1E 1A4, Canada.
| | - Franck Ramus
- Laboratoire de Sciences Cognitives et Psycholinguistique, Ecole Normale Supérieure, CNRS, EHESS, Paris, France
| | - Aline Lefebvre
- Laboratoire de Sciences Cognitives et Psycholinguistique, Ecole Normale Supérieure, CNRS, EHESS, Paris, France
| | - Delphine Brottier
- Laboratoire de Sciences Cognitives et Psycholinguistique, Ecole Normale Supérieure, CNRS, EHESS, Paris, France
| | - Tiziana Zalla
- Institut Jean-Nicod, Ecole Normale Supérieure, CNRS, EHESS, Paris, France
| | - Sanaa Moukawane
- Laboratoire de Sciences Cognitives et Psycholinguistique, Ecole Normale Supérieure, CNRS, EHESS, Paris, France
| | - Frédérique Amsellem
- Service de Psychopathologie de L'enfant et de L'adolescent, Hôpital Robert-Debré, Paris, France
| | - Laurence Letellier
- Service de Psychopathologie de L'enfant et de L'adolescent, Hôpital Robert-Debré, Paris, France
| | - Hugo Peyre
- Laboratoire de Sciences Cognitives et Psycholinguistique, Ecole Normale Supérieure, CNRS, EHESS, Paris, France
- Service de Psychopathologie de L'enfant et de L'adolescent, Hôpital Robert-Debré, Paris, France
| | - Marie-Christine Mouren
- Service de Psychopathologie de L'enfant et de L'adolescent, Hôpital Robert-Debré, Paris, France
| | - Marion Leboyer
- AP-HP, DHU PePsy, Pole de Psychiatrie des Hôpitaux Universitaires Henri Mondor, INSERM U955, laboratoire de psychiatrie génétique, Fondation FondaMental, Créteil, France
| | - Richard Delorme
- Service de Psychopathologie de L'enfant et de L'adolescent, Hôpital Robert-Debré, Paris, France
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11
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Forgeot d'Arc B, Delorme R, Zalla T, Lefebvre A, Amsellem F, Moukawane S, Letellier L, Leboyer M, Mouren MC, Ramus F. Gaze direction detection in autism spectrum disorder. Autism 2016; 21:100-107. [PMID: 27132008 DOI: 10.1177/1362361316630880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Detecting where our partners direct their gaze is an important aspect of social interaction. An atypical gaze processing has been reported in autism. However, it remains controversial whether children and adults with autism spectrum disorder interpret indirect gaze direction with typical accuracy. This study investigated whether the detection of gaze direction toward an object is less accurate in autism spectrum disorder. Individuals with autism spectrum disorder (n = 33) and intelligence quotients-matched and age-matched controls (n = 38) were asked to watch a series of synthetic faces looking at objects, and decide which of two objects was looked at. The angle formed by the two possible targets and the face varied following an adaptive procedure, in order to determine individual thresholds. We found that gaze direction detection was less accurate in autism spectrum disorder than in control participants. Our results suggest that the precision of gaze following may be one of the altered processes underlying social interaction difficulties in autism spectrum disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baudouin Forgeot d'Arc
- PSL Research University, France .,Hôpital Robert-Debré, France.,Université de Montréal, QC, Canada.,Hôpital Rivière-des-Prairies, Canada
| | - Richard Delorme
- Hôpital Robert-Debré, France.,Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
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12
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Leblond CS, Nava C, Polge A, Gauthier J, Huguet G, Lumbroso S, Giuliano F, Stordeur C, Depienne C, Mouzat K, Pinto D, Howe J, Lemière N, Durand CM, Guibert J, Ey E, Toro R, Peyre H, Mathieu A, Amsellem F, Rastam M, Gillberg IC, Rappold GA, Holt R, Monaco AP, Maestrini E, Galan P, Heron D, Jacquette A, Afenjar A, Rastetter A, Brice A, Devillard F, Assouline B, Laffargue F, Lespinasse J, Chiesa J, Rivier F, Bonneau D, Regnault B, Zelenika D, Delepine M, Lathrop M, Sanlaville D, Schluth-Bolard C, Edery P, Perrin L, Tabet AC, Schmeisser MJ, Boeckers TM, Coleman M, Sato D, Szatmari P, Scherer SW, Rouleau GA, Betancur C, Leboyer M, Gillberg C, Delorme R, Bourgeron T. Meta-analysis of SHANK Mutations in Autism Spectrum Disorders: a gradient of severity in cognitive impairments. PLoS Genet 2014; 10:e1004580. [PMID: 25188300 PMCID: PMC4154644 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1004580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 401] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2014] [Accepted: 07/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
SHANK genes code for scaffold proteins located at the post-synaptic density of glutamatergic synapses. In neurons, SHANK2 and SHANK3 have a positive effect on the induction and maturation of dendritic spines, whereas SHANK1 induces the enlargement of spine heads. Mutations in SHANK genes have been associated with autism spectrum disorders (ASD), but their prevalence and clinical relevance remain to be determined. Here, we performed a new screen and a meta-analysis of SHANK copy-number and coding-sequence variants in ASD. Copy-number variants were analyzed in 5,657 patients and 19,163 controls, coding-sequence variants were ascertained in 760 to 2,147 patients and 492 to 1,090 controls (depending on the gene), and, individuals carrying de novo or truncating SHANK mutations underwent an extensive clinical investigation. Copy-number variants and truncating mutations in SHANK genes were present in ∼1% of patients with ASD: mutations in SHANK1 were rare (0.04%) and present in males with normal IQ and autism; mutations in SHANK2 were present in 0.17% of patients with ASD and mild intellectual disability; mutations in SHANK3 were present in 0.69% of patients with ASD and up to 2.12% of the cases with moderate to profound intellectual disability. In summary, mutations of the SHANK genes were detected in the whole spectrum of autism with a gradient of severity in cognitive impairment. Given the rare frequency of SHANK1 and SHANK2 deleterious mutations, the clinical relevance of these genes remains to be ascertained. In contrast, the frequency and the penetrance of SHANK3 mutations in individuals with ASD and intellectual disability—more than 1 in 50—warrant its consideration for mutation screening in clinical practice. Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are a heterogeneous group of neurodevelopmental disorders. Mutations altering genes involved in the junction between brain cells have been repeatedly associated in ASD. For example, SHANK1, SHANK2 and SHANK3 emerged as one family of genes that are associated with ASD. However, little was known about the number of patients carrying these mutations and the clinical outcome. Here, we performed a new genetic screen of SHANK mutations and these results were analyzed in combination with those of the literature. In summary, SHANK mutations account for ∼1% of patients with ASD and were detected in the whole spectrum of autism with a gradient of severity in cognitive impairment: mutations in SHANK1 were rare (0.04%) and present in males with normal IQ and autism; mutations in SHANK2 were present in 0.17% of patients with ASD and mild intellectual disability; mutations in SHANK3 were present in 0.69% of patients with ASD and up to 2.12% of the cases with moderate to profound intellectual disability. Given the high frequency and impact of SHANK3 mutations in individuals with ASD and intellectual disability—more than 1 in 50—this gene should be screened for mutations in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire S. Leblond
- Institut Pasteur, Human Genetics and Cognitive Functions Unit, Paris, France
- CNRS UMR 3571 Genes, Synapses and Cognition, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- University Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Human Genetics and Cognitive Functions, Paris, France
| | - Caroline Nava
- INSERM U975 - CRICM, Institut du cerveau et de la moelle épinière (ICM), CNRS 7225 - CRICM, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 6, Paris, France
- UMR_S 975, Paris, France
| | - Anne Polge
- Laboratoire de Biochimie, CHU Nîmes, Nîmes, France
| | - Julie Gauthier
- Molecular Diagnostic Laboratory and Division of Medical Genetics, CHU Sainte-Justine, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Guillaume Huguet
- Institut Pasteur, Human Genetics and Cognitive Functions Unit, Paris, France
- CNRS UMR 3571 Genes, Synapses and Cognition, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- University Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Human Genetics and Cognitive Functions, Paris, France
| | | | - Fabienne Giuliano
- Department of Medical Genetics, Nice Teaching Hospital, Nice, France
| | - Coline Stordeur
- Institut Pasteur, Human Genetics and Cognitive Functions Unit, Paris, France
- CNRS UMR 3571 Genes, Synapses and Cognition, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- University Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Human Genetics and Cognitive Functions, Paris, France
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Robert Debré Hospital, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Paris, France
| | - Christel Depienne
- INSERM U975 - CRICM, Institut du cerveau et de la moelle épinière (ICM), CNRS 7225 - CRICM, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 6, Paris, France
- UMR_S 975, Paris, France
| | - Kevin Mouzat
- Laboratoire de Biochimie, CHU Nîmes, Nîmes, France
| | - Dalila Pinto
- Departments of Psychiatry, Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Seaver Autism Center, The Mindich Child Health & Development Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Jennifer Howe
- The Centre for Applied Genomics, The Hospital for Sick Children and the University of Toronto McLaughlin Centre, Toronto, Canada
| | - Nathalie Lemière
- Institut Pasteur, Human Genetics and Cognitive Functions Unit, Paris, France
- CNRS UMR 3571 Genes, Synapses and Cognition, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- University Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Human Genetics and Cognitive Functions, Paris, France
| | - Christelle M. Durand
- Institut Pasteur, Human Genetics and Cognitive Functions Unit, Paris, France
- CNRS UMR 3571 Genes, Synapses and Cognition, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- University Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Human Genetics and Cognitive Functions, Paris, France
| | - Jessica Guibert
- Institut Pasteur, Human Genetics and Cognitive Functions Unit, Paris, France
- CNRS UMR 3571 Genes, Synapses and Cognition, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- University Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Human Genetics and Cognitive Functions, Paris, France
| | - Elodie Ey
- Institut Pasteur, Human Genetics and Cognitive Functions Unit, Paris, France
- CNRS UMR 3571 Genes, Synapses and Cognition, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- University Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Human Genetics and Cognitive Functions, Paris, France
| | - Roberto Toro
- Institut Pasteur, Human Genetics and Cognitive Functions Unit, Paris, France
- CNRS UMR 3571 Genes, Synapses and Cognition, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- University Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Human Genetics and Cognitive Functions, Paris, France
| | - Hugo Peyre
- Laboratoire de Sciences Cognitives et Psycholinguistique, École Normale Supérieure, CNRS, EHESS, Paris, France
| | - Alexandre Mathieu
- Institut Pasteur, Human Genetics and Cognitive Functions Unit, Paris, France
- CNRS UMR 3571 Genes, Synapses and Cognition, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- University Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Human Genetics and Cognitive Functions, Paris, France
| | - Frédérique Amsellem
- Institut Pasteur, Human Genetics and Cognitive Functions Unit, Paris, France
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Robert Debré Hospital, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Paris, France
- FondaMental Foundation, Créteil, France
| | - Maria Rastam
- Department of Clinical Sciences in Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - I. Carina Gillberg
- Gillberg Neuropsychiatry Centre, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Gudrun A. Rappold
- Department of Molecular Human Genetics, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Richard Holt
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Anthony P. Monaco
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Elena Maestrini
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Pilar Galan
- Nutritional Epidemiology Research Unit, INSERM U557, INRA U1125, CNAM, University of Paris 13, CRNH IdF, Bobigny, France
| | - Delphine Heron
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Département de Génétique et de Cytogénétique, Unité fonctionnelle de génétique clinique, Paris, France
- Centre de Référence “Déficiences intellectuelles de causes rares”, Paris, France and Groupe de Recherche Clinique “Déficience intellectuelle et autisme”, UPMC, Paris, France
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Armand Trousseau, Service de Neuropédiatrie, Paris, France
| | - Aurélia Jacquette
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Département de Génétique et de Cytogénétique, Unité fonctionnelle de génétique clinique, Paris, France
- Centre de Référence “Déficiences intellectuelles de causes rares”, Paris, France and Groupe de Recherche Clinique “Déficience intellectuelle et autisme”, UPMC, Paris, France
| | - Alexandra Afenjar
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Département de Génétique et de Cytogénétique, Unité fonctionnelle de génétique clinique, Paris, France
- Centre de Référence “Déficiences intellectuelles de causes rares”, Paris, France and Groupe de Recherche Clinique “Déficience intellectuelle et autisme”, UPMC, Paris, France
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Armand Trousseau, Service de Neuropédiatrie, Paris, France
| | - Agnès Rastetter
- INSERM U975 - CRICM, Institut du cerveau et de la moelle épinière (ICM), CNRS 7225 - CRICM, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 6, Paris, France
- UMR_S 975, Paris, France
| | - Alexis Brice
- INSERM U975 - CRICM, Institut du cerveau et de la moelle épinière (ICM), CNRS 7225 - CRICM, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 6, Paris, France
- UMR_S 975, Paris, France
| | - Françoise Devillard
- Département de génétique et procréation, Hôpital Couple-Enfant, Grenoble, France
| | | | - Fanny Laffargue
- Service de Génétique Médicale, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Estaing, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - James Lespinasse
- UF de Génétique Chromosomique, Centre Hospitalier de Chambéry – Hôtel-dieu, Chambéry, France
| | - Jean Chiesa
- UF de Cytogénétique et Génétique Médicale, Hôpital Caremeau, Nîmes, France
| | - François Rivier
- CHRU Montpellier, Neuropédiatrie CR Maladies Neuromusculaires, Montpellier, France
- U1046, INSERM, Université Montpellier 1 et 2, Montpellier, France
| | - Dominique Bonneau
- LUNAM Université, INSERM U1083 et CNRS UMR 6214, Angers, France
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Département de Biochimie et Génétique, Angers, France
| | - Beatrice Regnault
- Eukaryote Genotyping Platform, Genopole, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | | | | | | | - Damien Sanlaville
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, CHU de Lyon, Départment de Génétique, Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon, CNRS UMR 5292, INSERM U1028, Claude Bernard Lyon I University, Bron, France
| | - Caroline Schluth-Bolard
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, CHU de Lyon, Départment de Génétique, Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon, CNRS UMR 5292, INSERM U1028, Claude Bernard Lyon I University, Bron, France
| | - Patrick Edery
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, CHU de Lyon, Départment de Génétique, Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon, CNRS UMR 5292, INSERM U1028, Claude Bernard Lyon I University, Bron, France
| | - Laurence Perrin
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Robert Debré, Genetic department, Cytogenetic Unit, Paris, France
| | - Anne Claude Tabet
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Robert Debré, Genetic department, Cytogenetic Unit, Paris, France
| | | | | | - Mary Coleman
- Foundation for Autism Research, Sarasota, Florida, United States of America
| | - Daisuke Sato
- The Centre for Applied Genomics, The Hospital for Sick Children and the University of Toronto McLaughlin Centre, Toronto, Canada
| | - Peter Szatmari
- The Centre for Applied Genomics, The Hospital for Sick Children and the University of Toronto McLaughlin Centre, Toronto, Canada
| | - Stephen W. Scherer
- The Centre for Applied Genomics, The Hospital for Sick Children and the University of Toronto McLaughlin Centre, Toronto, Canada
| | - Guy A. Rouleau
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Catalina Betancur
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 6, Paris, France
- INSERM U1130, Paris, France
- CNRS UMR 8246, Paris, France
| | - Marion Leboyer
- FondaMental Foundation, Créteil, France
- INSERM U955, Psychiatrie Génétique, Créteil, France
- Université Paris Est, Faculté de Médecine, Créteil, France
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, DHU PePSY, Pôle de Psychiatrie et d'Addictologie des Hôpitaux Universitaires Henri Mondor, Créteil, France
| | - Christopher Gillberg
- Gillberg Neuropsychiatry Centre, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Richard Delorme
- Institut Pasteur, Human Genetics and Cognitive Functions Unit, Paris, France
- CNRS UMR 3571 Genes, Synapses and Cognition, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- University Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Human Genetics and Cognitive Functions, Paris, France
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Robert Debré Hospital, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Paris, France
- FondaMental Foundation, Créteil, France
| | - Thomas Bourgeron
- Institut Pasteur, Human Genetics and Cognitive Functions Unit, Paris, France
- CNRS UMR 3571 Genes, Synapses and Cognition, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- University Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Human Genetics and Cognitive Functions, Paris, France
- FondaMental Foundation, Créteil, France
- * E-mail:
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Tabet AC, Pilorge M, Delorme R, Amsellem F, Pinard JM, Leboyer M, Verloes A, Benzacken B, Betancur C. Erratum: Autism multiplex family with 16p11.2p12.2 microduplication syndrome in monozygotic twins and distal 16p11.2 deletion in their brother. Eur J Hum Genet 2012. [DOI: 10.1038/ejhg.2012.32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
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Tabet AC, Pilorge M, Delorme R, Amsellem F, Pinard JM, Leboyer M, Verloes A, Benzacken B, Betancur C. Autism multiplex family with 16p11.2p12.2 microduplication syndrome in monozygotic twins and distal 16p11.2 deletion in their brother. Eur J Hum Genet 2012; 20:540-6. [PMID: 22234155 DOI: 10.1038/ejhg.2011.244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The pericentromeric region of chromosome 16p is rich in segmental duplications that predispose to rearrangements through non-allelic homologous recombination. Several recurrent copy number variations have been described recently in chromosome 16p. 16p11.2 rearrangements (29.5-30.1 Mb) are associated with autism, intellectual disability (ID) and other neurodevelopmental disorders. Another recognizable but less common microdeletion syndrome in 16p11.2p12.2 (21.4 to 28.5-30.1 Mb) has been described in six individuals with ID, whereas apparently reciprocal duplications, studied by standard cytogenetic and fluorescence in situ hybridization techniques, have been reported in three patients with autism spectrum disorders. Here, we report a multiplex family with three boys affected with autism, including two monozygotic twins carrying a de novo 16p11.2p12.2 duplication of 8.95 Mb (21.28-30.23 Mb) characterized by single-nucleotide polymorphism array, encompassing both the 16p11.2 and 16p11.2p12.2 regions. The twins exhibited autism, severe ID, and dysmorphic features, including a triangular face, deep-set eyes, large and prominent nasal bridge, and tall, slender build. The eldest brother presented with autism, mild ID, early-onset obesity and normal craniofacial features, and carried a smaller, overlapping 16p11.2 microdeletion of 847 kb (28.40-29.25 Mb), inherited from his apparently healthy father. Recurrent deletions in this region encompassing the SH2B1 gene were recently reported in early-onset obesity and in individuals with neurodevelopmental disorders associated with phenotypic variability. We discuss the clinical and genetic implications of two different 16p chromosomal rearrangements in this family, and suggest that the 16p11.2 deletion in the father predisposed to the formation of the duplication in his twin children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Claude Tabet
- AP-HP, Robert Debré Hospital, Department of Genetics, Cytogenetics Unit, Paris, France
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