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Courtois S, Angelini C, M Durand C, Dias Amoedo N, Courreges A, Dumon E, Le Quang M, Goizet C, Martin-Negrier ML, Rossignol R, Lacombe D, Coupry I, Trimouille A. Mutation on MT-CO2 gene induces mitochondrial disease associated with neurodegeneration and intracerebral iron accumulation (NBIA). Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2024; 1870:166856. [PMID: 37640115 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2023.166856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial diseases are genetic disorders impairing mitochondrial functions. Here we describe a patient with a neurodegenerative condition associated with myopia, bilateral sensorineural hearing loss and motor disorders. Brain MRIs showed major cortico-subcortical and infra-tentorial atrophies, as well as intracerebral iron accumulation and central calcifications, compatible with a NBIA-like phenotype. Mitochondrial DNA analysis revealed an undescribed variant: m.8091G>A in the MT-CO2 gene, associated with a complex IV deficiency and a decrease of the mitochondrial respiratory chain capabilities. We report here this pathogenic variant, associated with a NBIA-like phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Courtois
- INSERM U1211, Rare Diseases: Genetics and Metabolism (MRGM), Bordeaux University, France; Reference Centre: Maladies Mitochondriales de l'Enfant à l'Adulte (CARAMMEL), University Hospital of Bordeaux, France.
| | - Chloé Angelini
- Neurogenetic Reference Centre, Medical Genetic Service, University Hospital of Bordeaux, France; Medical Genetics Department, University Hospital of Bordeaux, France; University of Bordeaux, CNRS, INCIA, UMR 5287, NRGen Team, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Christelle M Durand
- Neurogenetic Reference Centre, Medical Genetic Service, University Hospital of Bordeaux, France; Medical Genetics Department, University Hospital of Bordeaux, France; University of Bordeaux, CNRS, INCIA, UMR 5287, NRGen Team, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | | | - Armelle Courreges
- Reference Centre: Maladies Mitochondriales de l'Enfant à l'Adulte (CARAMMEL), University Hospital of Bordeaux, France; Pathology Department, University Hospital of Bordeaux, France
| | - Elodie Dumon
- INSERM U1211, Rare Diseases: Genetics and Metabolism (MRGM), Bordeaux University, France; Reference Centre: Maladies Mitochondriales de l'Enfant à l'Adulte (CARAMMEL), University Hospital of Bordeaux, France
| | - Mégane Le Quang
- Pathology Department, University Hospital of Bordeaux, France
| | - Cyril Goizet
- Neurogenetic Reference Centre, Medical Genetic Service, University Hospital of Bordeaux, France; Medical Genetics Department, University Hospital of Bordeaux, France; University of Bordeaux, CNRS, INCIA, UMR 5287, NRGen Team, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | | | - Rodrigue Rossignol
- INSERM U1211, Rare Diseases: Genetics and Metabolism (MRGM), Bordeaux University, France; Reference Centre: Maladies Mitochondriales de l'Enfant à l'Adulte (CARAMMEL), University Hospital of Bordeaux, France; CELLOMET, Bordeaux, France
| | - Didier Lacombe
- INSERM U1211, Rare Diseases: Genetics and Metabolism (MRGM), Bordeaux University, France; Reference Centre: Maladies Mitochondriales de l'Enfant à l'Adulte (CARAMMEL), University Hospital of Bordeaux, France; Medical Genetics Department, University Hospital of Bordeaux, France; CELLOMET, Bordeaux, France
| | - Isabelle Coupry
- University of Bordeaux, CNRS, INCIA, UMR 5287, NRGen Team, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Aurélien Trimouille
- INSERM U1211, Rare Diseases: Genetics and Metabolism (MRGM), Bordeaux University, France; Reference Centre: Maladies Mitochondriales de l'Enfant à l'Adulte (CARAMMEL), University Hospital of Bordeaux, France; Pathology Department, University Hospital of Bordeaux, France
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2
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Legrand A, Pujol C, Durand CM, Mesnil A, Rubera I, Duranton C, Zuily S, Sousa AB, Renaud M, Boucher JL, Pietrancosta N, Adham S, Orssaud C, Marelli C, Casali C, Ziccardi L, Villain N, Ewenczyk C, Durr A, Mignot C, Stevanin G, Billon C, Hureaux M, Jeunemaitre X, Goizet C, Albuisson J. Pseudoxanthoma elasticum overlaps hereditary spastic paraplegia type 56. J Intern Med 2021; 289:709-725. [PMID: 33107650 DOI: 10.1111/joim.13193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Pseudoxanthoma elasticum (PXE) is a recessive disorder involving skin, eyes and arteries, mainly caused by ABCC6 pathogenic variants. However, almost one fifth of patients remain genetically unsolved despite extensive genetic screening of ABCC6, as illustrated in a large French PXE series of 220 cases. We searched for new PXE gene(s) to solve the ABCC6-negative patients. METHODS First, family-based exome sequencing was performed, in one ABCC6-negative PXE patient with additional neurological features, and her relatives. CYP2U1, involved in hereditary spastic paraplegia type 56 (SPG56), was selected based on this complex phenotype, and the presence of two candidate variants. Second, CYP2U1 sequencing was performed in a retrospective series of 46 additional ABCC6-negative PXE probands. Third, six additional SPG56 patients were evaluated for PXE skin and eye phenotype. Additionally, plasma pyrophosphate dosage and functional analyses were performed in some of these patients. RESULTS 6.4% of ABCC6-negative PXE patients (n = 3) harboured biallelic pathogenic variants in CYP2U1. PXE skin lesions with histological confirmation, eye lesions including maculopathy or angioid streaks, and various neurological symptoms were present. CYP2U1 missense variants were confirmed to impair protein function. Plasma pyrophosphate levels were normal. Two SPG56 patients (33%) presented some phenotypic overlap with PXE. CONCLUSION CYP2U1 pathogenic variants are found in unsolved PXE patients with neurological findings, including spastic paraplegia, expanding the SPG56 phenotype and highlighting its overlap with PXE. The pathophysiology of ABCC6 and CYP2U1 should be explored to explain their respective role and potential interaction in ectopic mineralization.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Legrand
- From the, Université de Paris, PARCC, INSERM, Paris, France.,Centre de Référence des Maladies Vasculaires Rares, AP-HP, Hôpital européen Georges Pompidou, Paris, France
| | - C Pujol
- Sorbonne Université; Inserm, U1127; CNRS, UMR 7225; Institut du Cerveau, Paris, France
| | - C M Durand
- Inserm, U1211, Laboratoire Maladies Rares: Génétique et Métabolisme, Univ. Bordeaux; Centre de Référence Neurogénétique, Service de Génétique Médicale, CHU Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - A Mesnil
- Département de Génétique AP-HP, Hôpital européen Georges Pompidou, Paris, France
| | - I Rubera
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS-UMR 7370, Laboratoire de Physiomédecine Moléculaire, LabEx ICST, Nice, France
| | - C Duranton
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS-UMR 7370, Laboratoire de Physiomédecine Moléculaire, LabEx ICST, Nice, France
| | - S Zuily
- Université de Lorraine, Inserm UMR_S 1116; CHRU de Nancy, Service de Médecine vasculaire, Centre de Compétences Régional des Maladies Vasculaires Rares, Nancy, France
| | - A B Sousa
- Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Norte, Centro Académico de Medicina de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - M Renaud
- CHRU de Nancy, Service de Neurologie, Nancy, France
| | - J L Boucher
- UMR 8601 CNRS, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | | | - S Adham
- Centre de Référence des Maladies Vasculaires Rares, AP-HP, Hôpital européen Georges Pompidou, Paris, France.,Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - C Orssaud
- Unité fonctionnelle d'ophtalmologie, AP-HP, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Paris, France
| | - C Marelli
- Inserm U1198 MMDN; Gui de Chauliac University Hospital, Department of Neurology, Expert Centre for Neurogenetic Diseases and Adult Mitochondrial and Metabolic Diseases, Montpellier, France
| | - C Casali
- Department of SBMC, Sapienza University Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - L Ziccardi
- IRCCS- Fondazione Bietti, Neurophysiology of Vision and Neuroophthalmology Unit, Rome, Italy
| | - N Villain
- Sorbonne Université; Inserm, U1127; CNRS, UMR 7225; Institut du Cerveau; Sorbonne Université, GRC n° 21, Alzheimer Precision Medicine; AP-HP, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière; Département de Neurologie, Institut de la Mémoire et de la maladie d'Alzheimer, Paris, France
| | - C Ewenczyk
- Sorbonne Université; Inserm, U1127; CNRS, UMR 7225; Institut du Cerveau; AP-HP, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Département de Génétique, Paris, France
| | - A Durr
- Sorbonne Université; Inserm, U1127; CNRS, UMR 7225; Institut du Cerveau; AP-HP, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Département de Génétique, Paris, France
| | - C Mignot
- Sorbonne Université; Inserm, U1127; CNRS, UMR 7225; Institut du Cerveau; AP-HP, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Département de Génétique; Centre de Référence Déficiences Intellectuelles de Causes Rares, Paris, France
| | - G Stevanin
- Sorbonne Université; Inserm, U1127; CNRS, UMR 7225; Institut du Cerveau; PSL research University, Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes, Neurogenetics team, Paris, France
| | - C Billon
- From the, Université de Paris, PARCC, INSERM, Paris, France.,Centre de Référence des Maladies Vasculaires Rares, AP-HP, Hôpital européen Georges Pompidou, Paris, France
| | - M Hureaux
- From the, Université de Paris, PARCC, INSERM, Paris, France.,Département de Génétique AP-HP, Hôpital européen Georges Pompidou, Paris, France
| | - X Jeunemaitre
- From the, Université de Paris, PARCC, INSERM, Paris, France.,Centre de Référence des Maladies Vasculaires Rares, AP-HP, Hôpital européen Georges Pompidou, Paris, France
| | - C Goizet
- Inserm, U1211, Laboratoire Maladies Rares: Génétique et Métabolisme, Univ. Bordeaux; Centre de Référence Neurogénétique, Service de Génétique Médicale, CHU Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - J Albuisson
- From the, Université de Paris, PARCC, INSERM, Paris, France.,Centre de Référence des Maladies Vasculaires Rares, AP-HP, Hôpital européen Georges Pompidou, Paris, France.,Département de Biologie et Pathologie des Tumeurs, Centre Georges François Leclerc, Dijon, France
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3
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Durand CM, Dhers L, Tesson C, Tessa A, Fouillen L, Jacqueré S, Raymond L, Coupry I, Benard G, Darios F, El- Hachimi KH, Astrea G, Rivier F, Banneau G, Pujol C, Lacombe D, Durr A, Babin PJ, Santorelli FM, Pietrancosta N, Boucher JL, Mansuy D, Stevanin G, Goizet C. CYP2U1 activity is altered by missense mutations in hereditary spastic paraplegia 56. Hum Mutat 2017; 39:140-151. [DOI: 10.1002/humu.23359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2017] [Revised: 10/06/2017] [Accepted: 10/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Christelle M. Durand
- INSERM U1211; Laboratoire Maladies Rares: Génétique et Métabolisme. Bordeaux University; Bordeaux France
| | - Laura Dhers
- UMR 8601 CNRS; University Paris Descartes; Paris Sorbonne Cité; Paris France
| | - Christelle Tesson
- Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière; INSERM U1127; Sorbonne Universités; UPMC UMR_S 1127, CNRS UMR 7225 Paris France
- Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes; EPHE; PSL Research University; Paris France
| | - Alessandra Tessa
- IRCCS Fondazione Stella Maris; Molecular Medicine; Calambrone Italy
| | - Laetitia Fouillen
- Laboratoire de Biogenèse Membranaire-UMR 5200; CNRS; Bordeaux University; Bordeaux France
| | - Stéphanie Jacqueré
- INSERM U1211; Laboratoire Maladies Rares: Génétique et Métabolisme. Bordeaux University; Bordeaux France
| | - Laure Raymond
- Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière; INSERM U1127; Sorbonne Universités; UPMC UMR_S 1127, CNRS UMR 7225 Paris France
- Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes; EPHE; PSL Research University; Paris France
| | - Isabelle Coupry
- INSERM U1211; Laboratoire Maladies Rares: Génétique et Métabolisme. Bordeaux University; Bordeaux France
| | - Giovanni Benard
- INSERM U1211; Laboratoire Maladies Rares: Génétique et Métabolisme. Bordeaux University; Bordeaux France
| | - Frédéric Darios
- Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière; INSERM U1127; Sorbonne Universités; UPMC UMR_S 1127, CNRS UMR 7225 Paris France
| | - Khalid H. El- Hachimi
- Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière; INSERM U1127; Sorbonne Universités; UPMC UMR_S 1127, CNRS UMR 7225 Paris France
- Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes; EPHE; PSL Research University; Paris France
| | - Guja Astrea
- IRCCS Fondazione Stella Maris; Molecular Medicine; Calambrone Italy
| | - François Rivier
- Département de Neuropédiatrie - CR Maladies Neuromusculaires AOC; CHU de Montpellier, U1046 INSERM UMR9214 CNRS; Montpellier University; Montpellier France
| | - Guillaume Banneau
- APHP; Department of Genetics; Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital; Paris France
| | - Claire Pujol
- Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière; INSERM U1127; Sorbonne Universités; UPMC UMR_S 1127, CNRS UMR 7225 Paris France
| | - Didier Lacombe
- INSERM U1211; Laboratoire Maladies Rares: Génétique et Métabolisme. Bordeaux University; Bordeaux France
- Service de Génétique Médicale; CHU Pellegrin; Bordeaux France
| | - Alexandra Durr
- Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière; INSERM U1127; Sorbonne Universités; UPMC UMR_S 1127, CNRS UMR 7225 Paris France
- APHP; Department of Genetics; Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital; Paris France
| | - Patrick J. Babin
- INSERM U1211; Laboratoire Maladies Rares: Génétique et Métabolisme. Bordeaux University; Bordeaux France
| | | | - Nicolas Pietrancosta
- UMR 8601 CNRS; University Paris Descartes; Paris Sorbonne Cité; Paris France
- Team Chemistry & Biology; Modeling & Immunology for Therapy; CBMIT; 2MI Platform, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Luc Boucher
- UMR 8601 CNRS; University Paris Descartes; Paris Sorbonne Cité; Paris France
| | - Daniel Mansuy
- UMR 8601 CNRS; University Paris Descartes; Paris Sorbonne Cité; Paris France
| | - Giovanni Stevanin
- Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière; INSERM U1127; Sorbonne Universités; UPMC UMR_S 1127, CNRS UMR 7225 Paris France
- Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes; EPHE; PSL Research University; Paris France
- APHP; Department of Genetics; Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital; Paris France
| | - Cyril Goizet
- INSERM U1211; Laboratoire Maladies Rares: Génétique et Métabolisme. Bordeaux University; Bordeaux France
- Service de Génétique Médicale; CHU Pellegrin; Bordeaux France
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4
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Durand CM, Marr KA, Ostrander D, Subramanian A, Valsamakis A, Cox A, Neofytos D. False-positive hepatitis C virus serology after placement of a ventricular assistance device. Transpl Infect Dis 2016; 18:146-9. [PMID: 26565742 DOI: 10.1111/tid.12483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2015] [Revised: 08/06/2015] [Accepted: 10/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ventricular assist devices (VADs) have been associated with immune activation and sensitization. We observed several cases of false-positive (FP) hepatitis C virus (HCV) antibody (Ab) tests in patients being evaluated for orthotopic heart transplant (OHT), prompting us to investigate this further. METHODS We reviewed all VAD and OHT cases at Johns Hopkins from 2005 to 2012. FP HCV serology was defined as an equivocal or low-positive HCV Ab, plus either (i) a negative recombinant immunoblot (RIBA) and/or HCV nucleic acid test (NAT), or (ii) an indeterminate RIBA and negative NAT. RESULTS In 53 patients with available HCV testing, nearly 40% of patients (21/53: 39.6%) developed FP HCV Ab tests after VAD placement: 4 patients had negative NAT, 12 had negative RIBA, and 5 had an indeterminate RIBA and negative NAT. All patients with indeterminate RIBA tests had isolated reactivity to the same HCV protein, c100p/5-1-1p (NS4b protein). In 3 of 4 VAD patients who had OHT and repeat HCV Ab testing after VAD removal, repeat HCV Ab was negative (699-947 days after OHT); in 1 case, FP HCV serology persisted (5 days after OHT). Thirteen patients had OHT alone and none developed a FP HCV Ab. CONCLUSIONS FP HCV Ab results following VAD placement are very common. Reversal of FP serology in several patients after VAD removal is suggestive of a possible association with the VAD hardware. Clinicians should be aware of this phenomenon, as it could lead to delays in determining eligibility for OHT and increased costs.
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Affiliation(s)
- C M Durand
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,The Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - K A Marr
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,The Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - D Ostrander
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - A Subramanian
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - A Valsamakis
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - A Cox
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - D Neofytos
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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5
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Pilliod J, Moutton S, Lavie J, Maurat E, Hubert C, Bellance N, Anheim M, Forlani S, Mochel F, N'Guyen K, Thauvin-Robinet C, Verny C, Milea D, Lesca G, Koenig M, Rodriguez D, Houcinat N, Van-Gils J, Durand CM, Guichet A, Barth M, Bonneau D, Convers P, Maillart E, Guyant-Marechal L, Hannequin D, Fromager G, Afenjar A, Chantot-Bastaraud S, Valence S, Charles P, Berquin P, Rooryck C, Bouron J, Brice A, Lacombe D, Rossignol R, Stevanin G, Benard G, Burglen L, Durr A, Goizet C, Coupry I. New practical definitions for the diagnosis of autosomal recessive spastic ataxia of Charlevoix-Saguenay. Ann Neurol 2015; 78:871-86. [PMID: 26288984 DOI: 10.1002/ana.24509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2015] [Revised: 08/12/2015] [Accepted: 08/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Autosomal recessive spastic ataxia of Charlevoix-Saguenay (ARSACS) is caused by mutations in the SACS gene. SACS encodes sacsin, a protein whose function remains unknown, despite the description of numerous protein domains and the recent focus on its potential role in the regulation of mitochondrial physiology. This study aimed to identify new mutations in a large population of ataxic patients and to functionally analyze their cellular effects in the mitochondrial compartment. METHODS A total of 321 index patients with spastic ataxia selected from the SPATAX network were analyzed by direct sequencing of the SACS gene, and 156 patients from the ATAXIC project presenting with congenital ataxia were investigated either by targeted or whole exome sequencing. For functional analyses, primary cultures of fibroblasts were obtained from 11 patients carrying either mono- or biallelic variants, including 1 case harboring a large deletion encompassing the entire SACS gene. RESULTS We identified biallelic SACS variants in 33 patients from SPATAX, and in 5 nonprogressive ataxia patients from ATAXIC. Moreover, a drastic and recurrent alteration of the mitochondrial network was observed in 10 of the 11 patients tested. INTERPRETATION Our results permit extension of the clinical and mutational spectrum of ARSACS patients. Moreover, we suggest that the observed mitochondrial network anomalies could be used as a trait biomarker for the diagnosis of ARSACS when SACS molecular results are difficult to interpret (ie, missense variants and heterozygous truncating variant). Based on our findings, we propose new diagnostic definitions for ARSACS using clinical, genetic, and cellular criteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Pilliod
- Rare Diseases Laboratory: Genetics and Metabolism, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Sébastien Moutton
- Rare Diseases Laboratory: Genetics and Metabolism, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France.,Medical Genetics Service, Pellegrin University Hospital Center, Bordeaux, France
| | - Julie Lavie
- Rare Diseases Laboratory: Genetics and Metabolism, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Elise Maurat
- Rare Diseases Laboratory: Genetics and Metabolism, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Christophe Hubert
- Functional Genomics Center, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Nadège Bellance
- Rare Diseases Laboratory: Genetics and Metabolism, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Mathieu Anheim
- Neurology Service, Strasbourg University Hospitals, Strasbourg, France.,Molecular Cell Biology Genetics Institute, INSERM U964/CNRS UMR7104, University of Strasbourg, Illkirch-Graffenstaden, France.,Strasbourg Federation of Translational Medicine, University of Strasbourg, Illkirch-Graffenstaden, France
| | - Sylvie Forlani
- Genetics Service, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Public Hospital Network of Paris, Paris, France
| | - Fanny Mochel
- Genetics Service, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Public Hospital Network of Paris, Paris, France.,Brain and Spinal Cord Institute, INSERM U1127, CNRS UMR7225, Sorbonne Universities-Pierre and Marie Curie University, Paris, France
| | - Karine N'Guyen
- Department of Medical Genetics, Timone Hospital, Marseille, France
| | | | - Christophe Verny
- Nantes Angers le Mans University and Neurology Service, CNRS UMR6214, INSERM U1083, University Hospital Center, Angers, France
| | - Dan Milea
- Ophthalmology Service, Angers University Hospital Center, Angers, France and Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Duke-National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Gaëtan Lesca
- Genetics Service, Lyon University Hospital Center, Lyon, France
| | - Michel Koenig
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory, INSERM U827, Montpellier Regional University Hospital Center, Montpellier, France
| | - Diana Rodriguez
- Rare Diseases Reference Center "Defects and Congenital Diseases of the Cerebellum," Armand Trousseau Hospital, Public Hospital Network of Paris, Paris, France.,Robert Debré Hospital, INSERM U1141, Paris, France.,Genetics Service, Armand Trousseau Hospital, Public Hospital Network of Paris, Paris, France
| | - Nada Houcinat
- Medical Genetics Service, Pellegrin University Hospital Center, Bordeaux, France
| | - Julien Van-Gils
- Medical Genetics Service, Pellegrin University Hospital Center, Bordeaux, France
| | - Christelle M Durand
- Rare Diseases Laboratory: Genetics and Metabolism, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Agnès Guichet
- Neuropediatrics Service, Armand Trousseau Hospital, Public Hospital Network of Paris, Sorbonne Universities-Pierre and Marie Curie University, Paris, France
| | - Magalie Barth
- Neuropediatrics Service, Armand Trousseau Hospital, Public Hospital Network of Paris, Sorbonne Universities-Pierre and Marie Curie University, Paris, France
| | - Dominique Bonneau
- Neuropediatrics Service, Armand Trousseau Hospital, Public Hospital Network of Paris, Sorbonne Universities-Pierre and Marie Curie University, Paris, France
| | - Philippe Convers
- Nantes Angers le Mans University and Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, University Hospital Center, Angers, France
| | - Elisabeth Maillart
- Clinical Neurophysiology Service, Saint-Étienne University Hospital Center, Saint-Étienne, France
| | - Lucie Guyant-Marechal
- Neurology Service, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Public Hospital Network of Paris, Paris, France
| | - Didier Hannequin
- Neurology Service, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Public Hospital Network of Paris, Paris, France
| | | | - Alexandra Afenjar
- Rare Diseases Reference Center "Defects and Congenital Diseases of the Cerebellum," Armand Trousseau Hospital, Public Hospital Network of Paris, Paris, France.,Neurologist, Caen, France
| | - Sandra Chantot-Bastaraud
- Rare Diseases Reference Center "Defects and Congenital Diseases of the Cerebellum," Armand Trousseau Hospital, Public Hospital Network of Paris, Paris, France.,Neurologist, Caen, France
| | - Stéphanie Valence
- Rare Diseases Reference Center "Defects and Congenital Diseases of the Cerebellum," Armand Trousseau Hospital, Public Hospital Network of Paris, Paris, France.,Genetics Service, Armand Trousseau Hospital, Public Hospital Network of Paris, Paris, France
| | - Perrine Charles
- Genetics Service, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Public Hospital Network of Paris, Paris, France
| | - Patrick Berquin
- Amiens University Hospital Center, Pediatric Neurology Activity Center, Amiens, France
| | - Caroline Rooryck
- Rare Diseases Laboratory: Genetics and Metabolism, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France.,Medical Genetics Service, Pellegrin University Hospital Center, Bordeaux, France
| | - Julie Bouron
- Medical Genetics Service, Pellegrin University Hospital Center, Bordeaux, France
| | - Alexis Brice
- Genetics Service, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Public Hospital Network of Paris, Paris, France.,Brain and Spinal Cord Institute, INSERM U1127, CNRS UMR7225, Sorbonne Universities-Pierre and Marie Curie University, Paris, France
| | - Didier Lacombe
- Rare Diseases Laboratory: Genetics and Metabolism, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France.,Medical Genetics Service, Pellegrin University Hospital Center, Bordeaux, France
| | - Rodrigue Rossignol
- Rare Diseases Laboratory: Genetics and Metabolism, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Giovanni Stevanin
- Genetics Service, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Public Hospital Network of Paris, Paris, France.,Brain and Spinal Cord Institute, INSERM U1127, CNRS UMR7225, Sorbonne Universities-Pierre and Marie Curie University, Paris, France.,Laboratory of Neurogenetics, Practical School of Higher Studies, Paris, France
| | - Giovanni Benard
- Rare Diseases Laboratory: Genetics and Metabolism, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Lydie Burglen
- Rare Diseases Reference Center "Defects and Congenital Diseases of the Cerebellum," Armand Trousseau Hospital, Public Hospital Network of Paris, Paris, France.,Robert Debré Hospital, INSERM U1141, Paris, France.,Neurologist, Caen, France
| | - Alexandra Durr
- Genetics Service, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Public Hospital Network of Paris, Paris, France.,Brain and Spinal Cord Institute, INSERM U1127, CNRS UMR7225, Sorbonne Universities-Pierre and Marie Curie University, Paris, France
| | - Cyril Goizet
- Rare Diseases Laboratory: Genetics and Metabolism, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France.,Medical Genetics Service, Pellegrin University Hospital Center, Bordeaux, France
| | - Isabelle Coupry
- Rare Diseases Laboratory: Genetics and Metabolism, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
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6
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Boyarsky BJ, Durand CM, Palella FJ, Segev DL. Challenges and Clinical Decision-Making in HIV-to-HIV Transplantation: Insights From the HIV Literature. Am J Transplant 2015; 15:2023-30. [PMID: 26080612 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.13344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2014] [Revised: 03/23/2015] [Accepted: 04/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Life expectancy among HIV-infected (HIV+) individuals has improved dramatically with effective antiretroviral therapy. Consequently, chronic diseases such as end-stage liver and kidney disease are growing causes of morbidity and mortality. HIV+ individuals can have excellent outcomes after solid organ transplantation, and the need for transplantation in this population is increasing. However, there is a significant organ shortage, and HIV+ individuals experience higher mortality rates on transplant waitlists. In South Africa, the use of organs from HIV+ deceased donors (HIVDD) has been successful, but until recently federal law prohibited this practice in the United States. With the recognition that organs from HIVDD could fill a critical need, the HIV Organ Policy Equity (HOPE) Act was passed in November 2013, reversing the federal ban on the use of HIV+ donors for HIV+ recipients. In translating this policy into practice, the biologic risks of using HIV+ donors need to be carefully considered. In this mini-review, we explore relevant aspects of HIV virology, antiretroviral treatment, drug resistance, opportunistic infections and HIV-related organ dysfunction that are critical to a transplant team considering HIV-to-HIV transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- B J Boyarsky
- Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - C M Durand
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - F J Palella
- Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - D L Segev
- Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD.,Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD
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7
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Coutelier M, Goizet C, Durr A, Habarou F, Morais S, Dionne-Laporte A, Tao F, Konop J, Stoll M, Charles P, Jacoupy M, Matusiak R, Alonso I, Tallaksen C, Mairey M, Kennerson M, Gaussen M, Schule R, Janin M, Morice-Picard F, Durand CM, Depienne C, Calvas P, Coutinho P, Saudubray JM, Rouleau G, Brice A, Nicholson G, Darios F, Loureiro JL, Zuchner S, Ottolenghi C, Mochel F, Stevanin G. Alteration of ornithine metabolism leads to dominant and recessive hereditary spastic paraplegia. Brain 2015; 138:2191-205. [PMID: 26026163 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awv143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2015] [Accepted: 04/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Hereditary spastic paraplegias are heterogeneous neurological disorders characterized by a pyramidal syndrome with symptoms predominantly affecting the lower limbs. Some limited pyramidal involvement also occurs in patients with an autosomal recessive neurocutaneous syndrome due to ALDH18A1 mutations. ALDH18A1 encodes delta-1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthase (P5CS), an enzyme that catalyses the first and common step of proline and ornithine biosynthesis from glutamate. Through exome sequencing and candidate gene screening, we report two families with autosomal recessive transmission of ALDH18A1 mutations, and predominant complex hereditary spastic paraplegia with marked cognitive impairment, without any cutaneous abnormality. More interestingly, we also identified monoallelic ALDH18A1 mutations segregating in three independent families with autosomal dominant pure or complex hereditary spastic paraplegia, as well as in two sporadic patients. Low levels of plasma ornithine, citrulline, arginine and proline in four individuals from two families suggested P5CS deficiency. Glutamine loading tests in two fibroblast cultures from two related affected subjects confirmed a metabolic block at the level of P5CS in vivo. Besides expanding the clinical spectrum of ALDH18A1-related pathology, we describe mutations segregating in an autosomal dominant pattern. The latter are associated with a potential trait biomarker; we therefore suggest including amino acid chromatography in the clinico-genetic work-up of hereditary spastic paraplegia, particularly in dominant cases, as the associated phenotype is not distinct from other causative genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Coutelier
- 1 INSERM, U 1127, F-75013, Paris, France 2 CNRS, UMR 7225, F-75013, Paris, France 3 Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMRS_1127, F-75013, Paris, France 4 Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM, F-75013, Paris, France 5 Laboratory of Human Molecular Genetics, de Duve Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, B-1200, Brussels, Belgium 6 Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes, F-75014, Paris, France
| | - Cyril Goizet
- 7 Univ. Bordeaux, Laboratoire Maladies Rares: Génétique et Métabolisme, EA4576, F-33000, Bordeaux, France 8 CHU Pellegrin, Service de Génétique Médicale, F-33000, Bordeaux, France
| | - Alexandra Durr
- 1 INSERM, U 1127, F-75013, Paris, France 2 CNRS, UMR 7225, F-75013, Paris, France 3 Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMRS_1127, F-75013, Paris, France 4 Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM, F-75013, Paris, France 9 APHP, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Département de Génétique, F-75013, Paris, France
| | - Florence Habarou
- 10 Metabolic Biochemistry Lab, Necker-Enfants Malades Hospital, APHP, F-75015; and University Paris Descartes, F-75006, Paris, France
| | - Sara Morais
- 1 INSERM, U 1127, F-75013, Paris, France 2 CNRS, UMR 7225, F-75013, Paris, France 3 Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMRS_1127, F-75013, Paris, France 4 Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM, F-75013, Paris, France 6 Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes, F-75014, Paris, France 11 UnIGENe, Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular (IBMC), Universidade do Porto, P-4150, Porto, Portugal 12 Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, P-4150, Porto, Portugal 13 Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas de Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto, P-4150, Porto, Portugal
| | - Alexandre Dionne-Laporte
- 14 Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Feifei Tao
- 15 Dr John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics and John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Juliette Konop
- 1 INSERM, U 1127, F-75013, Paris, France 2 CNRS, UMR 7225, F-75013, Paris, France 3 Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMRS_1127, F-75013, Paris, France 4 Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM, F-75013, Paris, France 6 Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes, F-75014, Paris, France
| | - Marion Stoll
- 16 Northcott Neuroscience Laboratory, ANZAC Research Institute; Molecular Medicine Laboratory, Concord Hospital; Sydney Medical School University of Sydney, NSW 2138, Sydney, Australia
| | - Perrine Charles
- 9 APHP, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Département de Génétique, F-75013, Paris, France
| | - Maxime Jacoupy
- 1 INSERM, U 1127, F-75013, Paris, France 2 CNRS, UMR 7225, F-75013, Paris, France 3 Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMRS_1127, F-75013, Paris, France 4 Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM, F-75013, Paris, France
| | - Raphaël Matusiak
- 1 INSERM, U 1127, F-75013, Paris, France 2 CNRS, UMR 7225, F-75013, Paris, France 3 Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMRS_1127, F-75013, Paris, France 4 Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM, F-75013, Paris, France
| | - Isabel Alonso
- 11 UnIGENe, Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular (IBMC), Universidade do Porto, P-4150, Porto, Portugal 12 Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, P-4150, Porto, Portugal 13 Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas de Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto, P-4150, Porto, Portugal
| | - Chantal Tallaksen
- 1 INSERM, U 1127, F-75013, Paris, France 2 CNRS, UMR 7225, F-75013, Paris, France 3 Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMRS_1127, F-75013, Paris, France 4 Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM, F-75013, Paris, France
| | - Mathilde Mairey
- 1 INSERM, U 1127, F-75013, Paris, France 2 CNRS, UMR 7225, F-75013, Paris, France 3 Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMRS_1127, F-75013, Paris, France 4 Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM, F-75013, Paris, France 6 Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes, F-75014, Paris, France
| | - Marina Kennerson
- 16 Northcott Neuroscience Laboratory, ANZAC Research Institute; Molecular Medicine Laboratory, Concord Hospital; Sydney Medical School University of Sydney, NSW 2138, Sydney, Australia
| | - Marion Gaussen
- 1 INSERM, U 1127, F-75013, Paris, France 2 CNRS, UMR 7225, F-75013, Paris, France 3 Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMRS_1127, F-75013, Paris, France 4 Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM, F-75013, Paris, France 6 Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes, F-75014, Paris, France
| | - Rebecca Schule
- 15 Dr John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics and John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA 17 Centre for Neurology and Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, Eberhard-Karls-University, G-72074, Tübingen, Germany 18 German Centre of Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Eberhard-Karls-University, G-72074, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Maxime Janin
- 10 Metabolic Biochemistry Lab, Necker-Enfants Malades Hospital, APHP, F-75015; and University Paris Descartes, F-75006, Paris, France
| | - Fanny Morice-Picard
- 7 Univ. Bordeaux, Laboratoire Maladies Rares: Génétique et Métabolisme, EA4576, F-33000, Bordeaux, France 8 CHU Pellegrin, Service de Génétique Médicale, F-33000, Bordeaux, France
| | - Christelle M Durand
- 7 Univ. Bordeaux, Laboratoire Maladies Rares: Génétique et Métabolisme, EA4576, F-33000, Bordeaux, France
| | - Christel Depienne
- 1 INSERM, U 1127, F-75013, Paris, France 2 CNRS, UMR 7225, F-75013, Paris, France 3 Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMRS_1127, F-75013, Paris, France 4 Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM, F-75013, Paris, France 9 APHP, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Département de Génétique, F-75013, Paris, France
| | - Patrick Calvas
- 19 Fédération de Neurologie et Service de Génétique Médicale, CHU de Toulouse, Hôpital Purpan, F-31059, Toulouse, France
| | - Paula Coutinho
- 11 UnIGENe, Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular (IBMC), Universidade do Porto, P-4150, Porto, Portugal 12 Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, P-4150, Porto, Portugal 20 Serviço de Neurologia, Centro Hospitalar de Entre o Douro e Vouga, P-4520-211, Santa Maria da Feira, Portugal
| | - Jean-Marie Saudubray
- 9 APHP, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Département de Génétique, F-75013, Paris, France
| | - Guy Rouleau
- 14 Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada 21 Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Alexis Brice
- 1 INSERM, U 1127, F-75013, Paris, France 2 CNRS, UMR 7225, F-75013, Paris, France 3 Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMRS_1127, F-75013, Paris, France 4 Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM, F-75013, Paris, France 9 APHP, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Département de Génétique, F-75013, Paris, France
| | - Garth Nicholson
- 16 Northcott Neuroscience Laboratory, ANZAC Research Institute; Molecular Medicine Laboratory, Concord Hospital; Sydney Medical School University of Sydney, NSW 2138, Sydney, Australia
| | - Frédéric Darios
- 1 INSERM, U 1127, F-75013, Paris, France 2 CNRS, UMR 7225, F-75013, Paris, France 3 Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMRS_1127, F-75013, Paris, France 4 Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM, F-75013, Paris, France
| | - José L Loureiro
- 11 UnIGENe, Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular (IBMC), Universidade do Porto, P-4150, Porto, Portugal 20 Serviço de Neurologia, Centro Hospitalar de Entre o Douro e Vouga, P-4520-211, Santa Maria da Feira, Portugal
| | - Stephan Zuchner
- 15 Dr John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics and John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Chris Ottolenghi
- 10 Metabolic Biochemistry Lab, Necker-Enfants Malades Hospital, APHP, F-75015; and University Paris Descartes, F-75006, Paris, France
| | - Fanny Mochel
- 1 INSERM, U 1127, F-75013, Paris, France 2 CNRS, UMR 7225, F-75013, Paris, France 3 Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMRS_1127, F-75013, Paris, France 4 Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM, F-75013, Paris, France 9 APHP, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Département de Génétique, F-75013, Paris, France
| | - Giovanni Stevanin
- 1 INSERM, U 1127, F-75013, Paris, France 2 CNRS, UMR 7225, F-75013, Paris, France 3 Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMRS_1127, F-75013, Paris, France 4 Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM, F-75013, Paris, France 6 Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes, F-75014, Paris, France 9 APHP, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Département de Génétique, F-75013, Paris, France
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8
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Latt NL, Araz F, Alachkar N, Durand CM, Gurakar A. Management of hepatitis C infection among patients with renal failure. MINERVA GASTROENTERO 2015; 61:39-49. [PMID: 25390288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a rising global public health burden with an estimated 130-150 million infected people worldwide and 350,000 to 500,000 HCV-related deaths each year. Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is also a highly prevalent public health issue as the escalating numbers of patients worldwide are developing type 2 diabetes mellitus and hypertension due to high fat diets and a growing obesity epidemic. The high incidence and prevalence of HCV infection leads to substantial morbidity and mortality among renal dialysis patients. Recommendations are to screen for HCV infection among all patients with renal failure especially prior to initiation of hemodialysis and renal transplant evaluation. HCV-antibody enzyme immunoassay (EIA) followed by confirmation with HCV RNA nucleic acid test (NAT) is recommended for low prevalence regions, but in dialysis centers with a high prevalence of HCV, initial testing with NAT is recommended due to higher false positive EIA rates. Liver biopsy is used to assess of liver disease severity. Transjugular liver biopsy, as an effective and safe technique in patients with ESRD can be considered instead of percutaneous approach. Non-invasive approaches to staging fibrosis, including liver stiffness measurement by transient elastography and panels of serum fibrosis biomarkers, are also widely used. Although difficult to manage, combined pegylated- interferon (PEG IFN) and ribavirin therapy was the only treatment modality available for HCV-positive patients until the recently introduced new direct-acting antiviral agents. However, except boceprevir, there are no currently available data to suggest that these new anti-viral drugs are safe and effective among end-stage renal failure patients. IFN-containing regimens were also associated with high rates of renal graft loss in post-renal transplant patients. Therefore, management of HCV infection in renal failure patients is unique and should be tailored individually with calculated risk/benefit ratio. New studies are immediately warranted to determine the safety profile and efficacy of newer anti-HCV drugs not only in patients with end-stage renal failure prior to kidney transplantation but also among kidney transplant recipients.
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Affiliation(s)
- N L Latt
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Kaiser Permanente Los Angeles Medical Center Los Angeles, CA, USA -
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9
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Leblond CS, Nava C, Polge A, Gauthier J, Huguet G, Lumbroso S, Giuliano F, Stordeur C, Depienne C, Mouzat K, Pinto D, Howe J, Lemière N, Durand CM, Guibert J, Ey E, Toro R, Peyre H, Mathieu A, Amsellem F, Rastam M, Gillberg IC, Rappold GA, Holt R, Monaco AP, Maestrini E, Galan P, Heron D, Jacquette A, Afenjar A, Rastetter A, Brice A, Devillard F, Assouline B, Laffargue F, Lespinasse J, Chiesa J, Rivier F, Bonneau D, Regnault B, Zelenika D, Delepine M, Lathrop M, Sanlaville D, Schluth-Bolard C, Edery P, Perrin L, Tabet AC, Schmeisser MJ, Boeckers TM, Coleman M, Sato D, Szatmari P, Scherer SW, Rouleau GA, Betancur C, Leboyer M, Gillberg C, Delorme R, Bourgeron T. Meta-analysis of SHANK Mutations in Autism Spectrum Disorders: a gradient of severity in cognitive impairments. PLoS Genet 2014; 10:e1004580. [PMID: 25188300 PMCID: PMC4154644 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1004580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 401] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2014] [Accepted: 07/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
SHANK genes code for scaffold proteins located at the post-synaptic density of glutamatergic synapses. In neurons, SHANK2 and SHANK3 have a positive effect on the induction and maturation of dendritic spines, whereas SHANK1 induces the enlargement of spine heads. Mutations in SHANK genes have been associated with autism spectrum disorders (ASD), but their prevalence and clinical relevance remain to be determined. Here, we performed a new screen and a meta-analysis of SHANK copy-number and coding-sequence variants in ASD. Copy-number variants were analyzed in 5,657 patients and 19,163 controls, coding-sequence variants were ascertained in 760 to 2,147 patients and 492 to 1,090 controls (depending on the gene), and, individuals carrying de novo or truncating SHANK mutations underwent an extensive clinical investigation. Copy-number variants and truncating mutations in SHANK genes were present in ∼1% of patients with ASD: mutations in SHANK1 were rare (0.04%) and present in males with normal IQ and autism; mutations in SHANK2 were present in 0.17% of patients with ASD and mild intellectual disability; mutations in SHANK3 were present in 0.69% of patients with ASD and up to 2.12% of the cases with moderate to profound intellectual disability. In summary, mutations of the SHANK genes were detected in the whole spectrum of autism with a gradient of severity in cognitive impairment. Given the rare frequency of SHANK1 and SHANK2 deleterious mutations, the clinical relevance of these genes remains to be ascertained. In contrast, the frequency and the penetrance of SHANK3 mutations in individuals with ASD and intellectual disability—more than 1 in 50—warrant its consideration for mutation screening in clinical practice. Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are a heterogeneous group of neurodevelopmental disorders. Mutations altering genes involved in the junction between brain cells have been repeatedly associated in ASD. For example, SHANK1, SHANK2 and SHANK3 emerged as one family of genes that are associated with ASD. However, little was known about the number of patients carrying these mutations and the clinical outcome. Here, we performed a new genetic screen of SHANK mutations and these results were analyzed in combination with those of the literature. In summary, SHANK mutations account for ∼1% of patients with ASD and were detected in the whole spectrum of autism with a gradient of severity in cognitive impairment: mutations in SHANK1 were rare (0.04%) and present in males with normal IQ and autism; mutations in SHANK2 were present in 0.17% of patients with ASD and mild intellectual disability; mutations in SHANK3 were present in 0.69% of patients with ASD and up to 2.12% of the cases with moderate to profound intellectual disability. Given the high frequency and impact of SHANK3 mutations in individuals with ASD and intellectual disability—more than 1 in 50—this gene should be screened for mutations in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire S. Leblond
- Institut Pasteur, Human Genetics and Cognitive Functions Unit, Paris, France
- CNRS UMR 3571 Genes, Synapses and Cognition, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- University Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Human Genetics and Cognitive Functions, Paris, France
| | - Caroline Nava
- INSERM U975 - CRICM, Institut du cerveau et de la moelle épinière (ICM), CNRS 7225 - CRICM, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 6, Paris, France
- UMR_S 975, Paris, France
| | - Anne Polge
- Laboratoire de Biochimie, CHU Nîmes, Nîmes, France
| | - Julie Gauthier
- Molecular Diagnostic Laboratory and Division of Medical Genetics, CHU Sainte-Justine, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Guillaume Huguet
- Institut Pasteur, Human Genetics and Cognitive Functions Unit, Paris, France
- CNRS UMR 3571 Genes, Synapses and Cognition, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- University Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Human Genetics and Cognitive Functions, Paris, France
| | | | - Fabienne Giuliano
- Department of Medical Genetics, Nice Teaching Hospital, Nice, France
| | - Coline Stordeur
- Institut Pasteur, Human Genetics and Cognitive Functions Unit, Paris, France
- CNRS UMR 3571 Genes, Synapses and Cognition, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- University Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Human Genetics and Cognitive Functions, Paris, France
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Robert Debré Hospital, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Paris, France
| | - Christel Depienne
- INSERM U975 - CRICM, Institut du cerveau et de la moelle épinière (ICM), CNRS 7225 - CRICM, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 6, Paris, France
- UMR_S 975, Paris, France
| | - Kevin Mouzat
- Laboratoire de Biochimie, CHU Nîmes, Nîmes, France
| | - Dalila Pinto
- Departments of Psychiatry, Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Seaver Autism Center, The Mindich Child Health & Development Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Jennifer Howe
- The Centre for Applied Genomics, The Hospital for Sick Children and the University of Toronto McLaughlin Centre, Toronto, Canada
| | - Nathalie Lemière
- Institut Pasteur, Human Genetics and Cognitive Functions Unit, Paris, France
- CNRS UMR 3571 Genes, Synapses and Cognition, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- University Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Human Genetics and Cognitive Functions, Paris, France
| | - Christelle M. Durand
- Institut Pasteur, Human Genetics and Cognitive Functions Unit, Paris, France
- CNRS UMR 3571 Genes, Synapses and Cognition, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- University Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Human Genetics and Cognitive Functions, Paris, France
| | - Jessica Guibert
- Institut Pasteur, Human Genetics and Cognitive Functions Unit, Paris, France
- CNRS UMR 3571 Genes, Synapses and Cognition, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- University Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Human Genetics and Cognitive Functions, Paris, France
| | - Elodie Ey
- Institut Pasteur, Human Genetics and Cognitive Functions Unit, Paris, France
- CNRS UMR 3571 Genes, Synapses and Cognition, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- University Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Human Genetics and Cognitive Functions, Paris, France
| | - Roberto Toro
- Institut Pasteur, Human Genetics and Cognitive Functions Unit, Paris, France
- CNRS UMR 3571 Genes, Synapses and Cognition, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- University Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Human Genetics and Cognitive Functions, Paris, France
| | - Hugo Peyre
- Laboratoire de Sciences Cognitives et Psycholinguistique, École Normale Supérieure, CNRS, EHESS, Paris, France
| | - Alexandre Mathieu
- Institut Pasteur, Human Genetics and Cognitive Functions Unit, Paris, France
- CNRS UMR 3571 Genes, Synapses and Cognition, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- University Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Human Genetics and Cognitive Functions, Paris, France
| | - Frédérique Amsellem
- Institut Pasteur, Human Genetics and Cognitive Functions Unit, Paris, France
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Robert Debré Hospital, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Paris, France
- FondaMental Foundation, Créteil, France
| | - Maria Rastam
- Department of Clinical Sciences in Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - I. Carina Gillberg
- Gillberg Neuropsychiatry Centre, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Gudrun A. Rappold
- Department of Molecular Human Genetics, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Richard Holt
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Anthony P. Monaco
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Elena Maestrini
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Pilar Galan
- Nutritional Epidemiology Research Unit, INSERM U557, INRA U1125, CNAM, University of Paris 13, CRNH IdF, Bobigny, France
| | - Delphine Heron
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Département de Génétique et de Cytogénétique, Unité fonctionnelle de génétique clinique, Paris, France
- Centre de Référence “Déficiences intellectuelles de causes rares”, Paris, France and Groupe de Recherche Clinique “Déficience intellectuelle et autisme”, UPMC, Paris, France
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Armand Trousseau, Service de Neuropédiatrie, Paris, France
| | - Aurélia Jacquette
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Département de Génétique et de Cytogénétique, Unité fonctionnelle de génétique clinique, Paris, France
- Centre de Référence “Déficiences intellectuelles de causes rares”, Paris, France and Groupe de Recherche Clinique “Déficience intellectuelle et autisme”, UPMC, Paris, France
| | - Alexandra Afenjar
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Département de Génétique et de Cytogénétique, Unité fonctionnelle de génétique clinique, Paris, France
- Centre de Référence “Déficiences intellectuelles de causes rares”, Paris, France and Groupe de Recherche Clinique “Déficience intellectuelle et autisme”, UPMC, Paris, France
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Armand Trousseau, Service de Neuropédiatrie, Paris, France
| | - Agnès Rastetter
- INSERM U975 - CRICM, Institut du cerveau et de la moelle épinière (ICM), CNRS 7225 - CRICM, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 6, Paris, France
- UMR_S 975, Paris, France
| | - Alexis Brice
- INSERM U975 - CRICM, Institut du cerveau et de la moelle épinière (ICM), CNRS 7225 - CRICM, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 6, Paris, France
- UMR_S 975, Paris, France
| | - Françoise Devillard
- Département de génétique et procréation, Hôpital Couple-Enfant, Grenoble, France
| | | | - Fanny Laffargue
- Service de Génétique Médicale, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Estaing, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - James Lespinasse
- UF de Génétique Chromosomique, Centre Hospitalier de Chambéry – Hôtel-dieu, Chambéry, France
| | - Jean Chiesa
- UF de Cytogénétique et Génétique Médicale, Hôpital Caremeau, Nîmes, France
| | - François Rivier
- CHRU Montpellier, Neuropédiatrie CR Maladies Neuromusculaires, Montpellier, France
- U1046, INSERM, Université Montpellier 1 et 2, Montpellier, France
| | - Dominique Bonneau
- LUNAM Université, INSERM U1083 et CNRS UMR 6214, Angers, France
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Département de Biochimie et Génétique, Angers, France
| | - Beatrice Regnault
- Eukaryote Genotyping Platform, Genopole, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | | | | | | | - Damien Sanlaville
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, CHU de Lyon, Départment de Génétique, Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon, CNRS UMR 5292, INSERM U1028, Claude Bernard Lyon I University, Bron, France
| | - Caroline Schluth-Bolard
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, CHU de Lyon, Départment de Génétique, Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon, CNRS UMR 5292, INSERM U1028, Claude Bernard Lyon I University, Bron, France
| | - Patrick Edery
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, CHU de Lyon, Départment de Génétique, Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon, CNRS UMR 5292, INSERM U1028, Claude Bernard Lyon I University, Bron, France
| | - Laurence Perrin
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Robert Debré, Genetic department, Cytogenetic Unit, Paris, France
| | - Anne Claude Tabet
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Robert Debré, Genetic department, Cytogenetic Unit, Paris, France
| | | | | | - Mary Coleman
- Foundation for Autism Research, Sarasota, Florida, United States of America
| | - Daisuke Sato
- The Centre for Applied Genomics, The Hospital for Sick Children and the University of Toronto McLaughlin Centre, Toronto, Canada
| | - Peter Szatmari
- The Centre for Applied Genomics, The Hospital for Sick Children and the University of Toronto McLaughlin Centre, Toronto, Canada
| | - Stephen W. Scherer
- The Centre for Applied Genomics, The Hospital for Sick Children and the University of Toronto McLaughlin Centre, Toronto, Canada
| | - Guy A. Rouleau
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Catalina Betancur
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 6, Paris, France
- INSERM U1130, Paris, France
- CNRS UMR 8246, Paris, France
| | - Marion Leboyer
- FondaMental Foundation, Créteil, France
- INSERM U955, Psychiatrie Génétique, Créteil, France
- Université Paris Est, Faculté de Médecine, Créteil, France
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, DHU PePSY, Pôle de Psychiatrie et d'Addictologie des Hôpitaux Universitaires Henri Mondor, Créteil, France
| | - Christopher Gillberg
- Gillberg Neuropsychiatry Centre, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Richard Delorme
- Institut Pasteur, Human Genetics and Cognitive Functions Unit, Paris, France
- CNRS UMR 3571 Genes, Synapses and Cognition, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- University Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Human Genetics and Cognitive Functions, Paris, France
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Robert Debré Hospital, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Paris, France
- FondaMental Foundation, Créteil, France
| | - Thomas Bourgeron
- Institut Pasteur, Human Genetics and Cognitive Functions Unit, Paris, France
- CNRS UMR 3571 Genes, Synapses and Cognition, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- University Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Human Genetics and Cognitive Functions, Paris, France
- FondaMental Foundation, Créteil, France
- * E-mail:
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10
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Neofytos D, Treadway S, Ostrander D, Alonso CD, Dierberg KL, Nussenblatt V, Durand CM, Thompson CB, Marr KA. Epidemiology, outcomes, and mortality predictors of invasive mold infections among transplant recipients: a 10-year, single-center experience. Transpl Infect Dis 2013; 15:233-42. [PMID: 23432974 DOI: 10.1111/tid.12060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2012] [Revised: 09/06/2012] [Accepted: 09/25/2012] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The epidemiology of invasive mold infections (IMI) in transplant recipients differs based on geography, hosts, preventative strategies, and methods of diagnosis. METHODS We conducted a retrospective observational study to evaluate the epidemiology of proven and probable IMI, using prior definitions, among all adult hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) and solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients in the era of "classic" culture-based diagnostics (2000-2009). Epidemiology was evaluated before and after an initiative was begun to increase bronchoscopy in HSCT recipients after 2005. RESULTS In total, 106 patients with one IMI were identified. Invasive aspergillosis (IA) was the most common IMI (69; 65.1%), followed by mucormycosis (9; 8.5%). The overall rate of IMI (and IA) was 3.5% (2.5%) in allogeneic HSCT recipients. The overall incidence for IMI among lung, kidney, liver, and heart transplant recipients was 49, 2, 11, and 10 per 1000 person-years, respectively. The observed rate of IMI among human leukocyte antigen-matched unrelated and haploidentical HSCT recipients increased from 0.6% annually to 3.0% after bronchoscopy initiation (P < 0.05). The 12-week mortality among allogeneic HSCT, liver, kidney, heart, and lung recipients with IMI was 52.4%, 47.1%, 27.8%, 16.7%, and 9.5%, respectively. Among allogeneic HSCT (odds ratio [OR]: 0.07, P = 0.007) and SOT (OR: 0.22, P = 0.05) recipients with IA, normal platelet count was associated with improved survival. Male gender (OR: 14.4, P = 0.007) and elevated bilirubin (OR: 5.7, P = 0.04) were significant predictors of mortality for allogeneic HSCT and SOT recipients with IA, respectively. CONCLUSIONS During the era of culture-based diagnostics, observed rates of IMI were low among all transplants except lung transplant recipients, with relatively higher mortality rates. Diagnostic aggressiveness and host variables impact the reported incidence and outcome of IMI and likely account for institutional variability in multicenter studies. Definitions to standardize diagnoses among SOT recipients are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Neofytos
- Department of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA.
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11
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Durand CM, Perroy J, Loll F, Perrais D, Fagni L, Bourgeron T, Montcouquiol M, Sans N. SHANK3 mutations identified in autism lead to modification of dendritic spine morphology via an actin-dependent mechanism. Mol Psychiatry 2012; 17:71-84. [PMID: 21606927 PMCID: PMC3252613 DOI: 10.1038/mp.2011.57] [Citation(s) in RCA: 236] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Genetic mutations of SHANK3 have been reported in patients with intellectual disability, autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and schizophrenia. At the synapse, Shank3/ProSAP2 is a scaffolding protein that connects glutamate receptors to the actin cytoskeleton via a chain of intermediary elements. Although genetic studies have repeatedly confirmed the association of SHANK3 mutations with susceptibility to psychiatric disorders, very little is known about the neuronal consequences of these mutations. Here, we report the functional effects of two de novo mutations (STOP and Q321R) and two inherited variations (R12C and R300C) identified in patients with ASD. We show that Shank3 is located at the tip of actin filaments and enhances its polymerization. Shank3 also participates in growth cone motility in developing neurons. The truncating mutation (STOP) strongly affects the development and morphology of dendritic spines, reduces synaptic transmission in mature neurons and also inhibits the effect of Shank3 on growth cone motility. The de novo mutation in the ankyrin domain (Q321R) modifies the roles of Shank3 in spine induction and morphology, and actin accumulation in spines and affects growth cone motility. Finally, the two inherited mutations (R12C and R300C) have intermediate effects on spine density and synaptic transmission. Therefore, although inherited by healthy parents, the functional effects of these mutations strongly suggest that they could represent risk factors for ASD. Altogether, these data provide new insights into the synaptic alterations caused by SHANK3 mutations in humans and provide a robust cellular readout for the development of knowledge-based therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- C M Durand
- Planar Polarity and Plasticity Group, Neurocentre Magendie, Laboratory of ‘Pathophysiology of Neural Plasticity,' INSERM U862, Bordeaux, France,University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - J Perroy
- Institute of Functional Genomics, CNRS UMR5203, INSERM U661, University of Montpellier I and II, Montpellier, France
| | - F Loll
- Planar Polarity and Plasticity Group, Neurocentre Magendie, Laboratory of ‘Pathophysiology of Neural Plasticity,' INSERM U862, Bordeaux, France,University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - D Perrais
- University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France,CNRS, Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, UMR 5297, Bordeaux, France
| | - L Fagni
- Institute of Functional Genomics, CNRS UMR5203, INSERM U661, University of Montpellier I and II, Montpellier, France
| | - T Bourgeron
- Human Genetics and Cognitive Functions, Pasteur Institute, Paris, France,University Denis Diderot Paris 7, Paris, France
| | - M Montcouquiol
- Planar Polarity and Plasticity Group, Neurocentre Magendie, Laboratory of ‘Pathophysiology of Neural Plasticity,' INSERM U862, Bordeaux, France,University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - N Sans
- Planar Polarity and Plasticity Group, Neurocentre Magendie, Laboratory of ‘Pathophysiology of Neural Plasticity,' INSERM U862, Bordeaux, France,University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France,Planar Polarity and Plasticity Group, INSERM, Neurocentre Magendie, Laboratory of Pathophysiology of Neural Plasticity, U862, 33077 Bordeaux, France. E-mail:
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12
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Durand CM, Durand DJ, Lee R, Ray SC, Neofytos D. A 61 year-old female with a prior history of tuberculosis presenting with hemoptysis. Clin Infect Dis 2011; 52:910, 957-9. [PMID: 21427405 DOI: 10.1093/cid/cir009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- C M Durand
- School of Medicine, Division of Infectious Disease, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA.
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13
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Durand CM, Alonso CD, Subhawong AP, Kwiatkowski NP, Showel M, Carroll KC, Marr KA. Rapidly progressive cutaneous Rhizopus microsporus infection presenting as Fournier's gangrene in a patient with acute myelogenous leukemia. Transpl Infect Dis 2011; 13:392-6. [PMID: 21443549 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-3062.2011.00601.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Members of the genus Rhizopus within the class Zygomycetes can cause devastating opportunistic infections. Cutaneous disease arising from direct inoculation of fungal spores has the potential to disseminate widely. Here, we describe a dramatic case of cutaneous Rhizopus infection involving the penis in a patient with acute myelogenous leukemia. Despite aggressive surgical debridement, systemic antifungal therapy, and donor lymphocyte infusion, the infection was ultimately fatal. This case illustrates the unique diagnostic and therapeutic challenges in the clinical management of cutaneous Rhizopus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- C M Durand
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA
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14
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Gong X, Delorme R, Fauchereau F, Durand CM, Chaste P, Betancur C, Goubran-Botros H, Nygren G, Anckarsäter H, Rastam M, Gillberg IC, Kopp S, Mouren-Simeoni MC, Gillberg C, Leboyer M, Bourgeron T. An investigation of ribosomal protein L10 gene in autism spectrum disorders. BMC Med Genet 2009; 10:7. [PMID: 19166581 PMCID: PMC2645381 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2350-10-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2008] [Accepted: 01/23/2009] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Background Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are severe neurodevelopmental disorders with the male:female ratio of 4:1, implying the contribution of X chromosome genetic factors to the susceptibility of ASD. The ribosomal protein L10 (RPL10) gene, located on chromosome Xq28, codes for a key protein in assembling large ribosomal subunit and protein synthesis. Two non-synonymous mutations of RPL10, L206M and H213Q, were identified in four boys with ASD. Moreover, functional studies of mutant RPL10 in yeast exhibited aberrant ribosomal profiles. These results provided a novel aspect of disease mechanisms for autism – aberrant processes of ribosome biosynthesis and translation. To confirm these initial findings, we re-sequenced RPL10 exons and quantified mRNA transcript level of RPL10 in our samples. Methods 141 individuals with ASD were recruited in this study. All RPL10 exons and flanking junctions were sequenced. Furthermore, mRNA transcript level of RPL10 was quantified in B lymphoblastoid cell lines (BLCL) of 48 patients and 27 controls using the method of SYBR Green quantitative PCR. Two sets of primer pairs were used to quantify the mRNA expression level of RPL10: RPL10-A and RPL10-B. Results No non-synonymous mutations were detected in our cohort. Male controls showed similar transcript level of RPL10 compared with female controls (RPL10-A, U = 81, P = 0.7; RPL10-B, U = 61.5, P = 0.2). We did not observe any significant difference in RPL10 transcript levels between cases and controls (RPL10-A, U = 531, P = 0.2; RPL10-B, U = 607.5, P = 0.7). Conclusion Our results suggest that RPL10 has no major effect on the susceptibility to ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohong Gong
- Human Genetics and Cognitive Functions, CNRS URA 2182 Genes, Synapses and Cognition, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.
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15
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Durand CM, Chaste P, Fauchereau F, Betancur C, Leboyer M, Bourgeron T. [Alterations in synapsis formation and function in autism disorders]. Med Sci (Paris) 2008; 24:25-8. [PMID: 18198104 DOI: 10.1051/medsci/200824125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Christelle M Durand
- Laboratoire de Génétique Humaine et Fonctions Cognitives, Institut Pasteur, 25 rue du Docteur Roux, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France
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16
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Melke J, Goubran-Botros H, Chaste P, Betancur C, Nygren G, Anckarsäter H, Rastam M, Ståhlberg O, Gillberg IC, Delorme R, Chabane N, Mouren-Simeoni MC, Fauchereau F, Durand CM, Chevalier F, Drouot X, Collet C, Launay JM, Leboyer M, Gillberg C, Bourgeron T. Abnormal melatonin synthesis in autism spectrum disorders. Mol Psychiatry 2008; 13:90-8. [PMID: 17505466 PMCID: PMC2199264 DOI: 10.1038/sj.mp.4002016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 310] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Melatonin is produced in the dark by the pineal gland and is a key regulator of circadian and seasonal rhythms. A low melatonin level has been reported in individuals with autism spectrum disorders (ASD), but the underlying cause of this deficit was unknown. The ASMT gene, encoding the last enzyme of melatonin synthesis, is located on the pseudo-autosomal region 1 of the sex chromosomes, deleted in several individuals with ASD. In this study, we sequenced all ASMT exons and promoters in individuals with ASD (n=250) and compared the allelic frequencies with controls (n=255). Non-conservative variations of ASMT were identified, including a splicing mutation present in two families with ASD, but not in controls. Two polymorphisms located in the promoter (rs4446909 and rs5989681) were more frequent in ASD compared to controls (P=0.0006) and were associated with a dramatic decrease in ASMT transcripts in blood cell lines (P=2 x 10(-10)). Biochemical analyses performed on blood platelets and/or cultured cells revealed a highly significant decrease in ASMT activity (P=2 x 10(-12)) and melatonin level (P=3 x 10(-11)) in individuals with ASD. These results indicate that a low melatonin level, caused by a primary deficit in ASMT activity, is a risk factor for ASD. They also support ASMT as a susceptibility gene for ASD and highlight the crucial role of melatonin in human cognition and behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Melke
- Génétique Humaine et Fonctions Cognitives
Institut Pasteur de ParisCNRS : URA218225-28 rue du Docteur Roux
F-75724 Paris Cedex 15,FR
| | - Hany Goubran-Botros
- Génétique Humaine et Fonctions Cognitives
Institut Pasteur de ParisCNRS : URA218225-28 rue du Docteur Roux
F-75724 Paris Cedex 15,FR
| | - Pauline Chaste
- Génétique Humaine et Fonctions Cognitives
Institut Pasteur de ParisCNRS : URA218225-28 rue du Docteur Roux
F-75724 Paris Cedex 15,FR
| | - Catalina Betancur
- Neurobiologie et Psychiatrie
INSERM : U513Université Paris XII Val de MarneFaculte de Medecine PARIS XII
8, Rue du General Sarrail
94010 CRETEIL CEDEX,FR
| | - Gudrun Nygren
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
Goteborg UniversityGoteborg,SE
| | - Henrik Anckarsäter
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
Goteborg UniversityGoteborg,SE
- Institute of Clinical Sciences
Lund University20502 Malmö,SE
| | - Maria Rastam
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
Goteborg UniversityGoteborg,SE
| | - Ola Ståhlberg
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
Goteborg UniversityGoteborg,SE
| | - I. Carina Gillberg
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
Goteborg UniversityGoteborg,SE
| | - Richard Delorme
- Génétique Humaine et Fonctions Cognitives
Institut Pasteur de ParisCNRS : URA218225-28 rue du Docteur Roux
F-75724 Paris Cedex 15,FR
| | - Nadia Chabane
- Service de psychopathologie de l'enfant et de l'adolescent
AP-HPHôpital Robert DebréUniversité Denis Diderot - Paris VII48, Bd Sérurier
75019 PARIS,FR
| | - Marie-Christine Mouren-Simeoni
- Service de psychopathologie de l'enfant et de l'adolescent
AP-HPHôpital Robert DebréUniversité Denis Diderot - Paris VII48, Bd Sérurier
75019 PARIS,FR
| | - Fabien Fauchereau
- Génétique Humaine et Fonctions Cognitives
Institut Pasteur de ParisCNRS : URA218225-28 rue du Docteur Roux
F-75724 Paris Cedex 15,FR
| | - Christelle M. Durand
- Génétique Humaine et Fonctions Cognitives
Institut Pasteur de ParisCNRS : URA218225-28 rue du Docteur Roux
F-75724 Paris Cedex 15,FR
| | - Fabien Chevalier
- Génétique Humaine et Fonctions Cognitives
Institut Pasteur de ParisCNRS : URA218225-28 rue du Docteur Roux
F-75724 Paris Cedex 15,FR
| | - Xavier Drouot
- Service de physiologie, explorations fonctionnelles
AP-HPHôpital Henri MondorUniversité Paris XII Val de Marne51, av du Maréchal de Tassigny, Créteil,FR
| | - Corinne Collet
- Service de Biochimie
AP-HPHôpital LariboisièreINSERM : IFR139EA36212, rue Ambroise - Paré
75475 PARIS Cedex 10,FR
| | - Jean-Marie Launay
- Service de Biochimie
AP-HPHôpital LariboisièreINSERM : IFR139EA36212, rue Ambroise - Paré
75475 PARIS Cedex 10,FR
| | - Marion Leboyer
- Neurobiologie et Psychiatrie
INSERM : U513Université Paris XII Val de MarneFaculte de Medecine PARIS XII
8, Rue du General Sarrail
94010 CRETEIL CEDEX,FR
- Département de psychiatrie
Hôpital Albert ChenevierHôpital Henri MondorAP-HP94000 Créteil,FR
| | - Christopher Gillberg
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
Goteborg UniversityGoteborg,SE
- Saint George's Hospital Medical School
Saint George's Hospital Medical SchoolLondon,GB
| | - Thomas Bourgeron
- Génétique Humaine et Fonctions Cognitives
Institut Pasteur de ParisCNRS : URA218225-28 rue du Docteur Roux
F-75724 Paris Cedex 15,FR
- Université Denis Diderot Paris 7
Université Denis Diderot - Paris VIIParis,FR
- * Correspondence should be adressed to: Thomas Bourgeron
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17
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Durand CM, Betancur C, Boeckers TM, Bockmann J, Chaste P, Fauchereau F, Nygren G, Rastam M, Gillberg IC, Anckarsäter H, Sponheim E, Goubran-Botros H, Delorme R, Chabane N, Mouren-Simeoni MC, de Mas P, Bieth E, Rogé B, Héron D, Burglen L, Gillberg C, Leboyer M, Bourgeron T. Mutations in the gene encoding the synaptic scaffolding protein SHANK3 are associated with autism spectrum disorders. Nat Genet 2006; 39:25-7. [PMID: 17173049 PMCID: PMC2082049 DOI: 10.1038/ng1933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1077] [Impact Index Per Article: 59.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2006] [Accepted: 10/27/2006] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
SHANK3 (also known as ProSAP2) regulates the structural organization of dendritic spines and is a binding partner of neuroligins; genes encoding neuroligins are mutated in autism and Asperger syndrome. Here, we report that a mutation of a single copy of SHANK3 on chromosome 22q13 can result in language and/or social communication disorders. These mutations concern only a small number of individuals, but they shed light on one gene dosage-sensitive synaptic pathway that is involved in autism spectrum disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christelle M. Durand
- Génétique Humaine et Fonctions Cognitives
Institut Pasteur de Paris CNRS : URA218225-28 rue du Docteur Roux
F-75724 Paris Cedex 15,FR
| | - Catalina Betancur
- Neurobiologie et Psychiatrie
INSERM : U513Université Paris XII Val de MarneFaculté de Médecine PARIS XII
8, Rue du Général Sarrail
94010 CRETEIL CEDEX,FR
| | | | | | - Pauline Chaste
- Génétique Humaine et Fonctions Cognitives
Institut Pasteur de Paris CNRS : URA218225-28 rue du Docteur Roux
F-75724 Paris Cedex 15,FR
| | - Fabien Fauchereau
- Génétique Humaine et Fonctions Cognitives
Institut Pasteur de Paris CNRS : URA218225-28 rue du Docteur Roux
F-75724 Paris Cedex 15,FR
- Université Denis Diderot
- Paris VIIParis,FR
| | - Gudrun Nygren
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
Göteborg UniversityGöteborg,SE
| | - Maria Rastam
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
Göteborg UniversityGöteborg,SE
| | - I Carina Gillberg
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
Göteborg UniversityGöteborg,SE
| | - Henrik Anckarsäter
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
Göteborg UniversityGöteborg,SE
| | - Eili Sponheim
- Centre for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
University of Oslo0319 Oslo,NO
| | - Hany Goubran-Botros
- Génétique Humaine et Fonctions Cognitives
Institut Pasteur de Paris CNRS : URA218225-28 rue du Docteur Roux
F-75724 Paris Cedex 15,FR
| | - Richard Delorme
- Génétique Humaine et Fonctions Cognitives
Institut Pasteur de Paris CNRS : URA218225-28 rue du Docteur Roux
F-75724 Paris Cedex 15,FR
| | - Nadia Chabane
- Service de psychopathologie de l'enfant et de l'adolescent
AP-HP Hôpital Robert DebréUniversité Denis Diderot - Paris VII48, Bd Sérurier
75019 PARIS,FR
| | - Marie-Christine Mouren-Simeoni
- Service de psychopathologie de l'enfant et de l'adolescent
AP-HP Hôpital Robert DebréUniversité Denis Diderot - Paris VII48, Bd Sérurier
75019 PARIS,FR
| | | | - Eric Bieth
- Department of Medical Genetics
Hôpital PurpanToulouse,FR
| | - Bernadette Rogé
- Centre d'Etudes et de Recherches en PsychoPathologie
Université de Toulouse le MirailToulouse,FR
| | - Delphine Héron
- Service de génétique, cytogénétique, embryologie
AP-HP Hôpital de La Pitié-SalpêtrièreUniversité Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI47-83, boulevard de l'Hôpital
75651 Paris Cedex 13,FR
| | - Lydie Burglen
- Service de génétique et embryologie médicales
AP-HP Hôpital Armand TrousseauUniversité Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI26, avenue du Docteur Arnold-Netter
75571 PARIS Cedex 12,FR
| | - Christopher Gillberg
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
Göteborg UniversityGöteborg,SE
- Saint George's Hospital Medical School
London,GB
| | - Marion Leboyer
- Neurobiologie et Psychiatrie
INSERM : U513Université Paris XII Val de MarneFaculté de Médecine PARIS XII
8, Rue du Général Sarrail
94010 CRETEIL CEDEX,FR
- Département de Psychiatrie
AP-HP Groupe Hospitalier Henri Mondor et Albert Chenevier40 rue de Mesly
94000 Créteil,FR
| | - Thomas Bourgeron
- Génétique Humaine et Fonctions Cognitives
Institut Pasteur de Paris CNRS : URA218225-28 rue du Docteur Roux
F-75724 Paris Cedex 15,FR
- Université Denis Diderot
- Paris VIIParis,FR
- * Correspondence should be adressed to: Thomas Bourgeron
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18
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Delorme R, Durand CM, Betancur C, Wagner M, Ruhrmann S, Grabe HJ, Nygren G, Gillberg C, Leboyer M, Bourgeron T, Courtet P, Jollant F, Buresi C, Aubry JM, Baud P, Bondolfi G, Bertschy G, Perroud N, Malafosse A. No human tryptophan hydroxylase-2 gene R441H mutation in a large cohort of psychiatric patients and control subjects. Biol Psychiatry 2006; 60:202-3. [PMID: 16581035 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2005.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2005] [Revised: 12/05/2005] [Accepted: 12/21/2005] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It was recently reported that a rare functional variant, R441H, in the human tryptophan hydroxylase-2 gene (hTPH2) could represent an important risk factor for unipolar major depression (UP) since it was originally found in 10% of UP patients (vs. 1.4% in control subjects). METHODS We explored the occurrence of this variation in patients with affective disorders (n = 646), autism spectrum disorders (n = 224), and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) (n = 201); in healthy volunteers with no psychiatric disorders (n = 246); and in an ethnic panel of control individuals from North Africa, Sub-Saharan Africa, India, China, and Sweden (n = 277). RESULTS Surprisingly, we did not observe the R441H variant in any of the individuals screened (3188 independent chromosomes). CONCLUSIONS Our results do not confirm the role of the R441H mutation of the hTPH2 gene in the susceptibility to UP. The absence of the variant from a large cohort of psychiatric patients and control subjects suggests that the findings reported in the original study could be due to a genotyping error or to stratification of the initial population reported. Additional data by other groups should contribute to the clarification of the discrepancy between our results and those previous published.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Delorme
- Human Genetics and Cognitive Functions, Pasteur Institute, Paris, France.
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19
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Delorme R, Betancur C, Wagner M, Krebs MO, Gorwood P, Pearl P, Nygren G, Durand CM, Buhtz F, Pickering P, Melke J, Ruhrmann S, Anckarsäter H, Chabane N, Kipman A, Reck C, Millet B, Roy I, Mouren-Simeoni MC, Maier W, Råstam M, Gillberg C, Leboyer M, Bourgeron T. Support for the association between the rare functional variant I425V of the serotonin transporter gene and susceptibility to obsessive compulsive disorder. Mol Psychiatry 2005; 10:1059-61. [PMID: 16088327 PMCID: PMC2547479 DOI: 10.1038/sj.mp.4001728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Richard Delorme
- Génétique Humaine et Fonctions Cognitives
Institut Pasteur de ParisCNRS : URA218225-28 rue du Docteur Roux
F-75724 Paris Cedex 15,FR
- Neurobiologie et Psychiatrie
INSERM : U513Université Paris XII Val de MarneFaculte de Medecine PARIS XII
8, Rue du General Sarrail
94010 CRETEIL CEDEX,FR
- Service de psychopathologie de l'enfant et de l'adolescent
AP-HPHôpital Robert DebréUniversité Denis Diderot - Paris VII48, Bd Sérurier
75019 PARIS,FR
- * Correspondence should be adressed to: Richard Delorme
| | - Catalina Betancur
- Neurobiologie et Psychiatrie
INSERM : U513Université Paris XII Val de MarneFaculte de Medecine PARIS XII
8, Rue du General Sarrail
94010 CRETEIL CEDEX,FR
| | | | - Marie-Odile Krebs
- Physiopathologie des maladies psychiatriques, développement et vulnérabilité
INSERM : E117IFR77CH Sainte-Anne
7, rue Cabanis
75014 PARIS,FR
| | - Philip Gorwood
- Analyse Phenotypique, Developpementale et Genetique des Comportements Addictifs
INSERM : U675Université Denis Diderot - Paris VIIFaculte de Medecine Xavier Bichat PARIS VII
19, Rue Henri Huchard
75870 PARIS CEDEX 18,FR
| | - Phillip Pearl
- Children's National Medical Center
George Washington UniversitySchool of Medicine
Washington, DC,US
| | - Gudrun Nygren
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
Goteborg UniversityGoteborg,SE
| | - Christelle M. Durand
- Génétique Humaine et Fonctions Cognitives
Institut Pasteur de ParisCNRS : URA218225-28 rue du Docteur Roux
F-75724 Paris Cedex 15,FR
| | | | - P. Pickering
- Analyse Phenotypique, Developpementale et Genetique des Comportements Addictifs
INSERM : U675Université Denis Diderot - Paris VIIFaculte de Medecine Xavier Bichat PARIS VII
19, Rue Henri Huchard
75870 PARIS CEDEX 18,FR
| | - Jonas Melke
- Génétique Humaine et Fonctions Cognitives
Institut Pasteur de ParisCNRS : URA218225-28 rue du Docteur Roux
F-75724 Paris Cedex 15,FR
| | | | - Henrik Anckarsäter
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
Goteborg UniversityGoteborg,SE
| | - Nadia Chabane
- Neurobiologie et Psychiatrie
INSERM : U513Université Paris XII Val de MarneFaculte de Medecine PARIS XII
8, Rue du General Sarrail
94010 CRETEIL CEDEX,FR
- Service de psychopathologie de l'enfant et de l'adolescent
AP-HPHôpital Robert DebréUniversité Denis Diderot - Paris VII48, Bd Sérurier
75019 PARIS,FR
| | - Amélie Kipman
- Analyse Phenotypique, Developpementale et Genetique des Comportements Addictifs
INSERM : U675Université Denis Diderot - Paris VIIFaculte de Medecine Xavier Bichat PARIS VII
19, Rue Henri Huchard
75870 PARIS CEDEX 18,FR
| | - Claudia Reck
- Department of Psychiatry
University of BonnBonn,DE
| | - Bruno Millet
- Physiopathologie des maladies psychiatriques, développement et vulnérabilité
INSERM : E117IFR77CH Sainte-Anne
7, rue Cabanis
75014 PARIS,FR
| | - Isabelle Roy
- Neurobiologie et Psychiatrie
INSERM : U513Université Paris XII Val de MarneFaculte de Medecine PARIS XII
8, Rue du General Sarrail
94010 CRETEIL CEDEX,FR
- Département de Psychiatrie
AP-HPHôpital Albert Chenevier40 rue de Mesly
94000 Créteil,FR
| | - Marie-Christine Mouren-Simeoni
- Service de psychopathologie de l'enfant et de l'adolescent
AP-HPHôpital Robert DebréUniversité Denis Diderot - Paris VII48, Bd Sérurier
75019 PARIS,FR
| | | | - Maria Råstam
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
Goteborg UniversityGoteborg,SE
| | - Christopher Gillberg
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
Goteborg UniversityGoteborg,SE
- Saint George's Hospital Medical School
Saint George's Hospital Medical SchoolLondon,GB
| | - Marion Leboyer
- Neurobiologie et Psychiatrie
INSERM : U513Université Paris XII Val de MarneFaculte de Medecine PARIS XII
8, Rue du General Sarrail
94010 CRETEIL CEDEX,FR
- Département de Psychiatrie
AP-HPHôpital Albert Chenevier40 rue de Mesly
94000 Créteil,FR
| | - Thomas Bourgeron
- Génétique Humaine et Fonctions Cognitives
Institut Pasteur de ParisCNRS : URA218225-28 rue du Docteur Roux
F-75724 Paris Cedex 15,FR
- Université Denis Diderot Paris 7
Université Denis Diderot - Paris VIIParis,FR
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Mazzone RW, Kornblau S, Durand CM. Shrinkage of lung after chemical fixation for analysis of pulmonary structure-function relations. J Appl Physiol Respir Environ Exerc Physiol 1980; 48:382-5. [PMID: 6767671 DOI: 10.1152/jappl.1980.48.2.382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Glutaraldehyde is widely used to chemically fix lungs for analysis of pulmonary structure-function relations. Accurate interpretation of observations on fixed tissue requires a clear definition of any artifacts, such as tissue shrinkage, resulting from fixation with glutaraldehyde. Two experimental procedures were used in this study to examine possible shrinkage artifacts resulting from fixation of lung by glutaraldehyde. In the first, isolated perfused dog lungs were rapidly frozen at different transpulmonary pressures. Samples were then freeze substituted at -50 degrees C using 70% ethylene glycol with and without fixatives present. In the second series of experiments, the left lungs of mongrel dogs were fixed by vascular perfusion with glutaraldehyde at different transpulmonary pressures. In both series of experiments any changes in linear dimensions resulting from the fixation procedure were measured. Also, the presence of aldehyde was demonstrated by a positive reaction with Schiff reagent. The results demonstrate that lung tissue fixed either by vascular perfusion or freeze substitution tends to shrink to about the same extent. This shrinkage is reasonably constant at about 9% for transpulmonary pressures of 5 and 15 cmH2O and increases to about 15% when the transpulmonary pressure reaches 25 cmH20.
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Abstract
Analysis of pulmonary structure-function relationships by microscopy requires that the lung be fixed under carefully controlled physiological conditions, since lung structure is extremely responsive to the relationship between airway and vascular pressures. Unfortunately, standard post-mortem fixation techniques leave some doubt as to the exact relationship between these pressures during fixation. This problem can be circumvented by stabilizing lung structure by rapid freezing under carefully controlled physiologic conditions. Using ethylene glycol in a freeze substitution technique we have developed procedures which yield a degree of preservation compatible with the high degree of resolution of the electron microscope. These can be used to obtain a more detailed understanding of pulmonary structure-function relationships under well-defined physiological conditions.
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Mazzone RW, Durand CM, West JB. Electron microscopy of lung rapidly frozen under controlled physiological conditions. J Appl Physiol Respir Environ Exerc Physiol 1978; 45:325-33. [PMID: 681218 DOI: 10.1152/jappl.1978.45.2.325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Light microscopy of lung rapidly frozen under controlled physiological conditions has been very successful in correlating pulmonary structure and function. However, to study some aspects of pulmonary capillary morphology, the higher resolution of electron microscopy (EM) is necessary. To date, most EM of lung has involed the instillation of a fixative through the airways or vascular system, techniques that probably alter the normal pressure relationships of the capillaries and therefore their morphology. We describe here a technique for rapidly freezing lung to a depth of 1--2 mm below the pleural surface and preparing sections for EM. Lungs from open-chest rats were frozen at various transpulmonary pressures with cold (--80 degrees C) 70% ethylene glycol. Small pieces were then fixed with a solution containing glutaraldehyde and paraformaldehyde for 24 h at --50 degrees C. Staining was with osmium tetroxide and uranyl acetate. Lung frozen at high volumes showed marked stretching of the alveolar septa with severe deformation of the capillaries. Lung frozen at low inflation pressures revealed open capillaries containing numerous red blood cells; in addition, infolding of the alveolar wall was frequently seen. We conclude that this technique gives a level of preservation of rapidly frozen lung suitable for electron microscopy.
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Abstract
Dog lungs were perfused with blood and rapidly frozen with liquid Freon gas at various pulmonary artery and venous pressures. The numbers of red and white blood cells per mm-2 of alveolar wall were counted in lung sections and, in addition, the proportion (by area) of the wall occupied by the cells was measured by point counting. The number and proportional area of the red blood cells rapidly increased as perfusing pressure was raised. These findings are consistent with earlier observations of capillary recruitment and distension. An unexpected observation was the large number of leukocytes in the capillaries especially at low perfusing pressures. For example when arterial exceeded alveolar pressure by 5 cmH2O (as occurs near the apex of the upright human lung), there were about 5,000 red cells and 4,000 white cells per mm-2 of alveolar wall. As perfusing pressure was increased, the number of leukocytes paradoxically decreased in zone 3 but remained constant in zone 2. Most of the white cells were mononuclear cells. These results suggest that the lung behaves as a mechanical sieve for large cells and that the number of trapped cells depends on the capillary pressure.
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