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Desgorces FD. About exercise control in studies on high-intensity interval exercise. Eur J Appl Physiol 2023; 123:1863-1864. [PMID: 37195502 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-023-05217-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- François-Denis Desgorces
- Université Paris Cité, Paris, France.
- URP 7329-IRMES (Institute for Research in Medicine and Epidemiology of Sport), INSEP, Paris, France.
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Desgorces FD, Slawinski J, Bertucci W, Rousseau F, Toussaint JF, Noirez P. Training load and intensity distribution for sprinting among world-class track cyclists. J Sports Med Phys Fitness 2023; 63:513-520. [PMID: 36961508 DOI: 10.23736/s0022-4707.22.13685-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Only few studies analyzed real training programs of sprinters while that should be a valuable step in the understanding of sprint training. The present study aimed at characterizing track cycling sprinter training by training load and intensity distribution. METHODS Twenty-nine weeks of prechampionship training data were retrospectively analyzed for 6 world-class athletes. Training load was measured by the ratio of volume completed to maximal volume and categorized by five intensity zones (endurance: zones1-2; sprinting: zones3-5) and exercise type (on-bike or resistance). Intra-week (training monotony) and inter-week (acute-chronic workload ratio) variation was also studied. RESULTS On-bike training represented 77.4±15.3% of total training load; resistance training, 22.6±15.2% (note high standard deviation). Total weekly training load significantly varied (P=0.0002) with high acute-chronic workload ratio (12.0±3.2 weeks >1.5 or <0.8), but low intra-week variations (training monotony, 1.81±0.20). Zone4 and zone5 made up 74.4±16.9% of total training load; zone1, 15.8±11%. Training load was seldom in zone2 (6.4±5.3%) or zone3 (3.3±4.2%). From the first to the second half of the period, zone3-4 training load decreased (39.3±3.3 to 27.4±1.7%; P=0.01), while zone5 increased (34.9±2.4 to 50±3.7%; P=0.002). CONCLUSIONS In this reduced group of elite athletes, training appeared to mainly consist of on-bike exercises within the highest intensity zones. As demonstrated by monotony and acute-chronic workload ratio overloading and unloading are based on high variations over weeks, not days. Essentially, this study describes a polarized intensity distribution on the highest intensities which increased with world championships approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- François-Denis Desgorces
- URP 7329, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France -
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine and Epidemiology of Sport (IRMES), INSEP, Paris, France -
| | - Jean Slawinski
- Laboratory Sport, Expertise and Performance (EA 7370), Research Department, French Institute of Sport (INSEP), Paris, France
| | - William Bertucci
- EA 7507-Performance, Health, Metrology, Society (PSMS), University of Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Reims, France
| | | | - Jean-François Toussaint
- URP 7329, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine and Epidemiology of Sport (IRMES), INSEP, Paris, France
- CIMS, Hôtel-Dieu, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Philippe Noirez
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine and Epidemiology of Sport (IRMES), INSEP, Paris, France
- French Cycling Federation, Paris, France
- INSERM UMR-S 1124-Toxicologie, Pharmacologie et Signalisation Cellulaire, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Département des Sciences de l'Activité Physique, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
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Normand-Gravier T, Britto F, Launay T, Renfree A, Toussaint JF, Desgorces FD. Exercise Dose Equalization in High-Intensity Interval Training: A Scoping Review. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2022; 19:ijerph19094980. [PMID: 35564375 PMCID: PMC9104727 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19094980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Based on comparisons to moderate continuous exercise (MICT), high-intensity interval training (HIIT) is becoming a worldwide trend in physical exercise. This raises methodological questions related to equalization of exercise dose when comparing protocols. The present scoping review aims to identify in the literature the evidence for protocol equalization and the soundness of methods used for it. PubMed and Scopus databases were searched for original investigations comparing the effects of HIIT to MICT. A total of 2041 articles were identified, and 169 were included. Of these, 98 articles equalized protocols by utilizing energy-based methods or exercise volume (58 and 31 articles, respectively). No clear consensus for protocol equalization appears to have evolved over recent years. Prominent equalization methods consider the exercise dose (i.e., energy expenditure/production or total volume) in absolute values without considering the nonlinear nature of its relationship with duration. Exercises resulting from these methods induced maximal exertion in HIIT but low exertion in MICT. A key question is, therefore, whether exercise doses are best considered in absolute terms or relative to individual exercise maximums. If protocol equalization is accepted as an essential methodological prerequisite, it is hypothesized that comparison of program effects would be more accurate if exercise was quantified relative to intensity-related maximums.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom Normand-Gravier
- Université Paris Cité, 75015 Paris, France; (T.N.-G.); (F.B.); (T.L.); (J.-F.T.)
- URP 7329-IRMES (Institute for Research in Medicine and Epidemiology of Sport), INSEP, 75012 Paris, France
| | - Florian Britto
- Université Paris Cité, 75015 Paris, France; (T.N.-G.); (F.B.); (T.L.); (J.-F.T.)
- Institute Cochin, U1016 INSERM, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Thierry Launay
- Université Paris Cité, 75015 Paris, France; (T.N.-G.); (F.B.); (T.L.); (J.-F.T.)
- Institute Cochin, U1016 INSERM, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Andrew Renfree
- School of Sport & Exercise Science, University of Worcester, Worcester WR2 6AJ, UK;
| | - Jean-François Toussaint
- Université Paris Cité, 75015 Paris, France; (T.N.-G.); (F.B.); (T.L.); (J.-F.T.)
- URP 7329-IRMES (Institute for Research in Medicine and Epidemiology of Sport), INSEP, 75012 Paris, France
- CIMS, Hôtel-Dieu, Assistance Publique–Hôpitaux de Paris, 75004 Paris, France
| | - François-Denis Desgorces
- Université Paris Cité, 75015 Paris, France; (T.N.-G.); (F.B.); (T.L.); (J.-F.T.)
- URP 7329-IRMES (Institute for Research in Medicine and Epidemiology of Sport), INSEP, 75012 Paris, France
- Correspondence:
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Berthelot G, Johnson S, Noirez P, Antero J, Marck A, Desgorces FD, Pifferi F, Carter PA, Spedding M, Manoux AS, Toussaint JF. The age-performance relationship in the general population and strategies to delay age related decline in performance. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 77:51. [PMID: 31827790 PMCID: PMC6900856 DOI: 10.1186/s13690-019-0375-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The age-performance relationship describes changes in the organism's structural and functional capabilities over the course of the lifespan. The typical, empirical pattern is an asymmetrical inverted-U shape association with peak capacity occurring early in life. This process is well described in the literature, with an increasing interest in features that characterize this pattern, such as the rate of growth, age of peak performance, and rate of decline with aging. This is usually examined in cohorts of individuals followed over time with repeat assessments of physical or cognitive abilities. This framework ought to be integrated into public health programs, embedding the beneficial (such as physical or cognitive training) or adverse effects (such as chronic diseases or injuries) that respectively sustain or limit capabilities. The maintenance of physical or cognitive performances at older ages would result in both optimal health and promote resistance to disabling conditions and chronic diseases, such as obesity and type 2 diabetes. The causes of accelerated degeneration of health optima are mainly: sedentary and unhealthy lifestyles -including poor nutrition-, exposure to environmental pollutants, and heterogeneity in aging. Better knowledge of optima, compatible with or required for good health, should also allow for establishing ideal conditions for longevity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geoffroy Berthelot
- 1IRMES, INSEP, 11 avenue du Tremblay, Paris, 75012 France.,EA 7329, Université de Paris, 12 rue de l'Ecole de Médecine, Paris, 75006 France.,REsearch LAboratory for Interdisciplinary Studies (RELAIS), Paris, France
| | | | - Philippe Noirez
- 1IRMES, INSEP, 11 avenue du Tremblay, Paris, 75012 France.,EA 7329, Université de Paris, 12 rue de l'Ecole de Médecine, Paris, 75006 France
| | - Juliana Antero
- 1IRMES, INSEP, 11 avenue du Tremblay, Paris, 75012 France.,EA 7329, Université de Paris, 12 rue de l'Ecole de Médecine, Paris, 75006 France
| | - Adrien Marck
- 1IRMES, INSEP, 11 avenue du Tremblay, Paris, 75012 France.,EA 7329, Université de Paris, 12 rue de l'Ecole de Médecine, Paris, 75006 France.,REsearch LAboratory for Interdisciplinary Studies (RELAIS), Paris, France
| | - François-Denis Desgorces
- 1IRMES, INSEP, 11 avenue du Tremblay, Paris, 75012 France.,EA 7329, Université de Paris, 12 rue de l'Ecole de Médecine, Paris, 75006 France
| | | | - Patrick A Carter
- 6School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-4236 United States of America
| | - Michael Spedding
- IUPHAR and Spedding Research Solutions SAS, Le Vésinet, 78110 France
| | - Archana Singh Manoux
- 8 Université de Paris, Inserm U1153, Paris, France.,9Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jean-François Toussaint
- 1IRMES, INSEP, 11 avenue du Tremblay, Paris, 75012 France.,EA 7329, Université de Paris, 12 rue de l'Ecole de Médecine, Paris, 75006 France.,CIMS, Hôtel-Dieu, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
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Desgorces FD, Le Page C, Police C, Neveux N, Cottart CH, Blanc MC, Raison J, Toussaint JF, Noirez P. Onset of exercise and diet program in obese women: metabolic and anorexigenic responses related to weight loss and physical capacities. Horm Metab Res 2015; 47:473-8. [PMID: 25153683 DOI: 10.1055/s-0034-1387704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Perturbations of energy balance induce compensatory processes that may alter expected weight loss. In obese patients, our aim was to investigate the relationships that occurred between fasting plasma concentrations of anorexigenic peptides and metabolic parameters, appetite, physical capacity, and weight loss in the 5 first days of a program associating exercise and caloric reduction. Thirteen obese women were monitored from day 1 to day 5 with 2 exercise sessions in day 2 and day 4. We measured, in a fasted state, changes in body weight, hunger ratings, and plasma concentrations of fatty acids, triglycerides, leptin, insulin, amylin, peptide YY, and insulin-resistance index. Physical performance was assessed by a 6-min walking test. The program resulted in significantly reduced body weight (0.75±0.4 kg; p=0.001), of plasma concentrations of triglycerides, insulin, amylin, peptide YY, and the insulin-resistance index, and also increased fatty acids (p<0.05). Hunger ratings were increased (p<0.05). Program-induced changes in fatty acids, leptin, and insulin concentrations were related to physical performance (r(2)=0.45, 0.59, and 0.52; p<0.05, respectively) and to weight loss (r(2)=0.65, 0.57, 0.55; p<0.05, respectively). Five days of diet and exercise induced weight loss, improved lipid profile, and decreased insulin resistance while hunger ratings increased. Subjects with higher physical capacity lost more weight, presented higher increases in fatty acids and lower changes of leptin and insulin concentrations suggesting a better metabolic flexibility. To reduce the compensatory responses that can occur with energy imbalances, our study supports to account for individual activity level before prescribing weight-loss program associating diet and exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- F D Desgorces
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - C Le Page
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - C Police
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - N Neveux
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - C H Cottart
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - M C Blanc
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - J Raison
- Hôpital Manhes, Fleury-Mérogis, France
| | - J F Toussaint
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - P Noirez
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
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Plantier L, Al Dandachi G, Londner C, Caumont-Prim A, Chevalier-Bidaud B, Toussaint JF, Desgorces FD, Delclaux C. Endurance-training in healthy men is associated with lesser exertional breathlessness that correlates with circulatory-muscular conditioning markers in a cross-sectional design. Springerplus 2014; 3:426. [PMID: 25157332 PMCID: PMC4141936 DOI: 10.1186/2193-1801-3-426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2014] [Accepted: 07/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Whether exertional dyspnoea can be attributed to poor circulatory-muscular conditioning is a difficult clinical issue. Because criteria of poor conditioning such as low oxygen pulse, low ventilatory threshold or high heart rate/oxygen consumption slope can be observed in heart or lung diseases and are not specific to conditioning, we assessed the relationships between physical exercise, conditioning and exertional breathlessness in healthy subjects, in whom the aforementioned criteria can confidently be interpreted as reflecting conditioning. To this end, healthy males with either low (inactive men, n = 31) or high (endurance-trained men, n = 31) physical activity evaluated using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) underwent spirometry and incremental exercise testing with breathlessness assessment using Borg scale. No significant breathlessness was reported before the ventilatory threshold in the two groups. Peak breathlessness was highly variable, did not differ between the two groups, was not related to any conditioning criterion, but correlated with peak respiratory rate. Nevertheless, endurance-trained subjects reported lower breathlessness at the same ventilation levels in comparison with inactive subjects. Significant but weak associations were observed between isoventilation breathlessness and physical activity indices (Borg at 60 L/min and total IPAQ scores, rho = -0.31, p = 0.020), which were mainly attributable to the vigorous domain of physical activity, as well as with conditioning indices (Borg score at 60 L.min-1 and peak oxygen pulse or heart rate/oxygen consumption slope, rho = -0.31, p = 0.021 and rho = 0.31, p = 0.020; respectively). In conclusion, our data support a weak relationship between exertional breathlessness and circulatory-muscular conditioning, the later being primarily related to vigorous physical activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurent Plantier
- Physiologie Respiratoire - Clinique de la Dyspnée, Hôpital européen Georges-Pompidou, 20, rue Leblanc, Paris, 75015 France ; Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculté de médecine, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, 75006 France ; Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Bichat-Claude Bernard, Service de Physiologie-Explorations Fonctionnelles, Paris, France, Université Paris Diderot, Paris, France, INSERM UMR700, Paris, France
| | - Ghanima Al Dandachi
- Physiologie Respiratoire - Clinique de la Dyspnée, Hôpital européen Georges-Pompidou, 20, rue Leblanc, Paris, 75015 France
| | - Cécile Londner
- Physiologie Respiratoire - Clinique de la Dyspnée, Hôpital européen Georges-Pompidou, 20, rue Leblanc, Paris, 75015 France
| | - Aurore Caumont-Prim
- AP-HP, Hôpital européen Georges-Pompidou, Unité d'Épidémiologie et de Recherche Clinique, Paris, 75015 France
| | - Brigitte Chevalier-Bidaud
- Physiologie Respiratoire - Clinique de la Dyspnée, Hôpital européen Georges-Pompidou, 20, rue Leblanc, Paris, 75015 France ; AP-HP, Hôpital européen Georges-Pompidou, Unité d'Épidémiologie et de Recherche Clinique, Paris, 75015 France
| | - Jean-François Toussaint
- Institut de Recherche bioMédicale et d'Epidémiologie du Sport, INSEP, Paris, France ; Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculté de médecine, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, 75006 France
| | - François-Denis Desgorces
- Institut de Recherche bioMédicale et d'Epidémiologie du Sport, INSEP, Paris, France ; Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculté de médecine, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, 75006 France
| | - Christophe Delclaux
- Physiologie Respiratoire - Clinique de la Dyspnée, Hôpital européen Georges-Pompidou, 20, rue Leblanc, Paris, 75015 France ; Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculté de médecine, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, 75006 France ; Sorbonne Paris Cité, EA2511, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, 75014 France ; CIC 9201 Plurithématique, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Paris, 75015 France
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Al Dandachi G, Londner C, Caumont-Prim A, Plantier L, Chevalier-Bidaud B, Toussaint JF, Desgorces FD, Delclaux C. Ageing and endurance training effects on quantity and quality of pulmonary vascular bed in healthy men. Respir Res 2014; 15:8. [PMID: 24460636 PMCID: PMC3903017 DOI: 10.1186/1465-9921-15-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2013] [Accepted: 01/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
It has recently been demonstrated that in healthy individuals, peak oxygen consumption is associated with a greater pulmonary capillary blood volume and a more distensible pulmonary circulation. Our cross-sectional study suggests that, in healthy men aged 20 to 60 years (n = 63), endurance sport practice (vigorous-intensity domain of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire) is associated with better quantity (pulmonary capillary blood volume) and quality (slope of increase in lung diffusion for carbon monoxide on exercise) of the pulmonary vascular bed, partly counterbalancing the deleterious effects of ageing, which remains to be demonstrated in a prospective longitudinal design.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Christophe Delclaux
- AP-HP, Hôpital européen Georges-Pompidou, Service de Physiologie - Clinique de la Dyspnée, 75015 Paris, France.
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Testa M, Noakes TD, Desgorces FD. Training state improves the relationship between rating of perceived exertion and relative exercise volume during resistance exercises. J Strength Cond Res 2013; 26:2990-6. [PMID: 22130397 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0b013e31824301d1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate how the rating of perceived exertion (RPE) during resistance exercises was influenced by the exercise volume and athletes' training state. Eighty physical education students (well trained, less well trained, and novices) rated their perceived exertion of multilift sets using the category-ratio scale. These sets were performed with moderate (60-80% of 1-repetition maximum [1RM]) and heavy loads (80-100% of 1RM) involving low volume of exercise (5.5 ± 1.1 reps for moderate and 1.3 ± 0.4 reps for the heavy load) and high volume of exercise (moderate load: 17.5 ± 2.1 reps; high load: 2.9 ± 0.6 reps). The exercise volume of the sets was expressed relatively to individual maximal capacities using the maximum number of repetition (MNR) for the load lifted. General linear model describes that RPE was related to MNR % with a training state effect (p < 0.01) observed only for sets involving a low MNR % and without effect of absolute volume and exercise intensity (high MNR sets: adjusted R = 0.65 and 0.78 and low MNR sets adjusted R = 0.37 and 0.34 in low MNR tests). High standard errors of estimated relative volume appeared when using the RPE from low exercise volume sets (12.8 and 14.4% of actual relative volume). Coaches should consider the RPE resulting from high exercise-induced physical strain to estimate the actual relative volume and to estimate the individual MNR at a given load.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Testa
- Sport Sciences Faculty, Paris Descartes University, Paris, France
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Marquet LA, Brown M, Tafflet M, Nassif H, Mouraby R, Bourhaleb S, Toussaint JF, Desgorces FD. No effect of weight cycling on the post-career BMI of weight class elite athletes. BMC Public Health 2013; 13:510. [PMID: 23711106 PMCID: PMC3724479 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2458-13-510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2012] [Accepted: 05/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Repetitions of pre-competition weight-loss diets done by athletes participating in weight class sports can be regarded as periods of weight cycling. The aim of the present study is to identify the long term post-career (22 years) evolutionary profile of athletes’ BMI after such weight cycling. Methods One hundred and thirty-six retired French athletes who participated in major international competitions in weight class sports (rowers, wrestlers, boxers, and judokas) were included. Former and current body mass, height, dietary characteristics during the career (annual frequency, amount of weight lost), current physical activity, and answers on the eating-attitude test were collected by phone interview (consistency was tested by comparison with measured weight). We performed ANOVA tests for comparison between groups (sport, dieting), post-hoc tests (Bonferroni test) to identify differences within groups. BMI’s changes were treated using a mixed model. Results The recorded weight changes did not depend upon time since retirement. Between 18 y and 50 y, athletes’ BMI increased by 3.2 kg/m2 compared to the 4.2 kg/m2 increase in the general population. This increase was independent of the number of diets during the career. Retired athletes declared a mean weekly physical activity of 4.8 h ± 4.3. The eating-attitude test showed low scores for all sports without any correlation to diet characteristics. Conclusion Weight cycling during an athletic career does not induce a massive weight gain after retirement, probably due to the high level of physical activity still practiced after retirement by these athletes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurie-anne Marquet
- Institut de Recherche bioMédicale et d'Epidémiologie du Sport (IRMES), INSEP, 11, avenue du Tremblay, 75012, Paris, France.
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Nassif H, Sedeaud A, Abidh E, Schipman J, Tafflet M, Deschamps T, Maillet H, Ovigneur H, Desgorces FD, Toussaint JF. Monitoring fitness levels and detecting implications for health in a French population: an observational study. BMJ Open 2012; 2:bmjopen-2012-001022. [PMID: 23024257 PMCID: PMC3488744 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2012-001022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To analyse the physical fitness of a large sample of the French population across different ages. DESIGN Observational cross-sectional study. SETTING Data were collected from the Athletic Track and Field Federation, which organised events dedicated to measuring physical fitness. The events took place in 22 regions between 2006 and 2010. PARTICIPANTS French volunteer citizens (N=31 349) aged between 4 and 80 years old who participated in events dedicated to measuring physical fitness. PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES We assessed the results of the following fitness tests: 20 m shuttle run, standing broad jump, repeated squat jump, 4×10 m shuttle run, speed, flexibility and push-ups in relation to age and body mass index (BMI) using Spearman's rho, a one-way analysis of variance. A bi-exponential model was used to represent the performance with age. RESULTS Our major results showed higher performances for men and for subjects with normal BMI at all age groups except for the flexibility test. BMI was strongly correlated across all ages with physical fitness p<0.0001. Furthermore, through bi-exponential model, a mean peak performance was identified at 26.32 years of age for men and 22.18 years of age for women. CONCLUSIONS Physical fitness assessment using a simple series of tests on the general population offers an important indicator of health status. The possibility of observing the evolution of fitness levels with time provides an important monitoring method from a public health perspective. Further research is needed to reinforce and evaluate the approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hala Nassif
- IRMES, INSEP, Paris, France
- Université Paris-Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Adrien Sedeaud
- IRMES, INSEP, Paris, France
- Université Paris-Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | | | | | - Muriel Tafflet
- IRMES, INSEP, Paris, France
- INSERM, U970, Paris Cardiovascular Research Center—PARC C, Paris, France
| | | | | | | | | | - Jean-François Toussaint
- IRMES, INSEP, Paris, France
- Université Paris-Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
- CIMS, Hôtel-Dieu, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
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Desgorces FD, Berthelot G, El Helou N, Thibault V, Guillaume M, Tafflet M, Hermine O, Toussaint JF. From Oxford to Hawaii ecophysiological barriers limit human progression in ten sport monuments. PLoS One 2008; 3:e3653. [PMID: 18985149 PMCID: PMC2572844 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0003653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2008] [Accepted: 10/14/2008] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In order to understand the determinants and trends of human performance evolution, we analyzed ten outdoor events among the oldest and most popular in sports history. Best performances of the Oxford-Cambridge boat race (since 1836), the channel crossing in swimming (1875), the hour cycling record (1893), the Elfstedentocht speed skating race (1909), the cross country ski Vasaloppet (1922), the speed ski record (1930), the Streif down-hill in Kitzbühel (1947), the eastward and westward sailing transatlantic records (1960) and the triathlon Hawaii ironman (1978) all follow a similar evolutive pattern, best described through a piecewise exponential decaying model (r(2) = 0.95+/-0.07). The oldest events present highest progression curvature during their early phase. Performance asymptotic limits predicted from the model may be achieved in fourty years (2049+/-32 y). Prolonged progression may be anticipated in disciplines which further rely on technology such as sailing and cycling. Human progression in outdoor sports tends to asymptotic limits depending on physiological and environmental parameters and may temporarily benefit from further technological progresses.
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Desgorces FD, Chennaoui M, Drogou C, Guezennec CY, Gomez-Merino D. Relationships between leptin levels and carbohydrate intake during rowing training. J Sports Med Phys Fitness 2008; 48:83-89. [PMID: 18212714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
AIM This study was designed to determine the relationship between diet and leptin levels during rowing training. METHODS Dietary intakes using 3-day food records, training volume and leptin responses to a 90-min exercise (measurement before, at the end and after 2 and 24 h of recovery) were assessed at the beginning and at the end of an 8-month training season for heavyweight rowers. RESULTS During the training, we observed increases in energy intake and in training volume (12.1+/-1.8 and 14+/-1.4 MJ/day, and 3.8+/-1.1 and 6.5+/-1.8 sessions/week, respectively at the beginning and at the end of the season). Carbohydrate (CHO) and protein intakes were increased (P<0.001 and P<0.05, respectively), whereas those of lipid were unchanged (P=0.08). Leptin levels at rest were unchanged, while delayed decreases occurred (at 2 h postexercise) in response to the 90-min exercise (P<0.01). At the end of the season, postexercise and 24 h postexercise leptin levels were positively correlated to CHO intake (r=0.62 and r=0.69, respectively; P<0.05). CONCLUSION There is an increase in CHO intake over a training season for rowers. Our results suggested that repeated hypoleptinemia in response to acute exercise triggered the particular choice of CHO in order to insure the energy homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- F D Desgorces
- Department of Physiology, IMASSA - BP 73, Brétigny/Orge Cedex, France.
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Abstract
The purpose of this study was to quantify intermittent training sessions using different types of exercise. Strength, sprint, and endurance sessions were performed until exhaustion. These sessions were quantified by the product of duration and heart rate (HR) (i.e., training impulse (TRIMP) and HR-zone methods), by the product of duration and rate of perceived exertion (RPE-based method), and a new method (work endurance recovery (WER)). The WER method aims to determine the level of exercise-induced physiological stress using the ratio of cumulated work - endurance limit, which is associated with the naparian logarithm of the ratio of work-recovery. Each session's effects were assessed using blood lactate, delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS), RPE, and HR. Because sessions were performed until exhaustion, it was assumed that each session would have a similar training load (TL) and there would be low interindividual variability. Each method was used to compare each of the TL quantifications. The endurance session induced the higher HR response (p < 0.001), the sprint session the higher blood lactate increase (p < 0.001), and the strength session the higher DOMS when compared with sprint (p = 0.007). TLs were similar after WER calculations, whereas the HR- and RPE-based methods showed differences between endurance and sprint (p < 0.001), and between endurance and strength TL (p < 0.001 and p < 0.01, respectively). The TLs from WER were correlated to those of the HR-based methods of endurance exercise, for which HR was known to accurately reflect the exercise-induced physiological stress (r = 0.63 and r = 0.64, p < 0.05). In addition, the TL from WER presented low interindividual variability, yet a marked variability was observed in the TLs of HR- and RPE-based methods. As opposed to the latter two methods, WER can quantify varied intermittent exercises and makes it possible to compare the athletes' TL. Furthermore, WER can also assist in comparing athlete responses to training programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- François-Denis Desgorces
- Unité de Formation et de Recherche en Sciences et Techniques des Activités Physiques et Sportives (UFR STAPS), 1 rue Lacretelle, Université Paris 5, 75015 Paris, France.
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