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Yuen T, Mancini GJ, Hegele RA, Pearson GJ. Consideration and Application of Lipoprotein(a) in the Risk Assessment of Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease Risk in Adults. CJC Open 2024; 6:597-606. [PMID: 38559332 PMCID: PMC10980900 DOI: 10.1016/j.cjco.2023.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Lipoprotein(a) (Lp[a]) is an low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-like particle in which apolipoprotein (apo) B is covalently bound to a plasminogen-like molecule called apo(a). A High level of Lp(a) has been demonstrated to be an independent, causal, and prevalent risk factor for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD), as well as aortic valve disease, through mechanisms that promote atherogenesis, inflammation, and thrombosis. With reliable and accessible assays, Lp(a) level has been established to be associated linearly with the risk for ASCVD. The 2021 Canadian Cardiovascular Society Dyslipidemia Guidelines recommend measuring an Lp(a) level once in a person's lifetime as part of the initial lipid screening. The aim of this review is to provide an update and overview of the utility and application of Lp(a) level in the assessment and treatment of adults at risk for ASCVD, consistent with this guideline recommendation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiffany Yuen
- Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Alberta, Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - G.B. John Mancini
- University of British Columbia, Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Robert A. Hegele
- Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Glen J. Pearson
- Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Alberta, Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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2
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Hawkins NM, Peterson S, Salimian S, Demers C, Keshavjee K, Virani SA, Mancini GJ, Wong ST. Epidemiology and treatment of heart failure with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in Canadian primary care. ESC Heart Fail 2023; 10:3612-3621. [PMID: 37786365 PMCID: PMC10682874 DOI: 10.1002/ehf2.14497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Heart failure (HF) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are largely managed in primary care, but their intersection in terms of disease burden, healthcare utilization, and treatment is ill-defined. METHODS AND RESULTS We examined a retrospective cohort including all patients with HF or COPD in the Canadian Primary Care Sentinel Surveillance Network from 2010 to 2018. The population size in 2018 with HF, COPD, and HF with COPD was 15 778, 27 927, and 4768 patients, respectively. While disease incidence declined, age-sex-standardized prevalence per 100 population increased for HF alone from 2.33 to 3.63, COPD alone from 3.44 to 5.96, and COPD with HF from 12.70 to 15.67. Annual visit rates were high and stable around 8 for COPD alone but declined significantly over time for HF alone (9.3-8.1, P = 0.04) or for patients with both conditions (14.3-11.9, P = 0.006). For HF alone, cardiovascular visits were common (29.4%), while respiratory visits were infrequent (3.5%), with the majority of visits being non-cardiorespiratory. For COPD alone, respiratory and cardiovascular visits were common (16.4% and 11.3%) and the majority were again non-cardiorespiratory. For concurrent disease, 39.0% of visits were cardiorespiratory. The commonest non-cardiorespiratory visit reasons were non-specific symptoms or signs, endocrine, musculoskeletal, and mental health. In patients with HF with and without COPD, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor/angiotensin receptor blocker/angiotensin receptor-neprilysin inhibitor use was similar, while mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist use was marginally higher with concurrent COPD. Beta-blocker use was initially lower with concurrent COPD compared with HF alone (69.3% vs. 74.0%), but this progressively declined by 2018 (74.5% vs. 73.5%). CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of HF and COPD continues to rise. Although patients with either or both conditions are high utilizers of primary care, the majority of visits relate to non-cardiorespiratory comorbidities. Medical therapy for HF was similar and the initially lower beta-blocker utilization disappeared over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathaniel M. Hawkins
- Division of Cardiology, Centre for Cardiovascular InnovationUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverCanada
- Centre for Health Services and Policy ResearchUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverCanada
| | - Sandra Peterson
- Centre for Health Services and Policy ResearchUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverCanada
| | - Samaneh Salimian
- Division of Cardiology, Centre for Cardiovascular InnovationUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverCanada
| | | | - Karim Keshavjee
- Dalla Lana School of Public HealthUniversity of TorontoTorontoCanada
| | - Sean A. Virani
- Division of Cardiology, Centre for Cardiovascular InnovationUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverCanada
| | - G.B. John Mancini
- Division of Cardiology, Centre for Cardiovascular InnovationUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverCanada
| | - Sabrina T. Wong
- Centre for Health Services and Policy ResearchUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverCanada
- Division of Intramural ResearchNational Institute of Nursing Research, National Institutes of HealthBethesdaMDUSA
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3
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Rizzo M, Colletti A, Penson PE, Katsiki N, Mikhailidis DP, Toth PP, Gouni-Berthold I, Mancini J, Marais D, Moriarty P, Ruscica M, Sahebkar A, Vinereanu D, Cicero AFG, Banach M, Al-Khnifsawi M, Alnouri F, Amar F, Atanasov AG, Bajraktari G, Banach M, Gouni-Berthold I, Bhaskar S, Bielecka-Dąbrowa A, Bjelakovic B, Bruckert E, Bytyçi I, Cafferata A, Ceska R, Cicero AF, Chlebus K, Collet X, Daccord M, Descamps O, Djuric D, Durst R, Ezhov MV, Fras Z, Gaita D, Gouni-Berthold I, Hernandez AV, Jones SR, Jozwiak J, Kakauridze N, Kallel A, Katsiki N, Khera A, Kostner K, Kubilius R, Latkovskis G, John Mancini G, David Marais A, Martin SS, Martinez JA, Mazidi M, Mikhailidis DP, Mirrakhimov E, Miserez AR, Mitchenko O, Mitkovskaya NP, Moriarty PM, Mohammad Nabavi S, Nair D, Panagiotakos DB, Paragh G, Pella D, Penson PE, Petrulioniene Z, Pirro M, Postadzhiyan A, Puri R, Reda A, Reiner Ž, Radenkovic D, Rakowski M, Riadh J, Richter D, Rizzo M, Ruscica M, Sahebkar A, Serban MC, Shehab AM, Shek AB, Sirtori CR, Stefanutti C, Tomasik T, Toth PP, Viigimaa M, Valdivielso P, Vinereanu D, Vohnout B, von Haehling S, Vrablik M, Wong ND, Yeh HI, Zhisheng J, Zirlik A. Nutraceutical approaches to non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD): A position paper from the International Lipid Expert Panel (ILEP). Pharmacol Res 2023; 189:106679. [PMID: 36764041 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2023.106679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) is a common condition affecting around 10-25% of the general adult population, 15% of children, and even > 50% of individuals who have type 2 diabetes mellitus. It is a major cause of liver-related morbidity, and cardiovascular (CV) mortality is a common cause of death. In addition to being the initial step of irreversible alterations of the liver parenchyma causing cirrhosis, about 1/6 of those who develop NASH are at risk also developing CV disease (CVD). More recently the acronym MAFLD (Metabolic Associated Fatty Liver Disease) has been preferred by many European and US specialists, providing a clearer message on the metabolic etiology of the disease. The suggestions for the management of NAFLD are like those recommended by guidelines for CVD prevention. In this context, the general approach is to prescribe physical activity and dietary changes the effect weight loss. Lifestyle change in the NAFLD patient has been supplemented in some by the use of nutraceuticals, but the evidence based for these remains uncertain. The aim of this Position Paper was to summarize the clinical evidence relating to the effect of nutraceuticals on NAFLD-related parameters. Our reading of the data is that whilst many nutraceuticals have been studied in relation to NAFLD, none have sufficient evidence to recommend their routine use; robust trials are required to appropriately address efficacy and safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manfredi Rizzo
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (Promise), University of Palermo, Via del Vespro 141, 90127 Palermo, Italy.
| | - Alessandro Colletti
- Department of Science and Drug Technology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Peter E Penson
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK; Liverpool Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Liverpool, UK
| | - Niki Katsiki
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, International Hellenic University, Thessaloniki, Greece; School of Medicine, European University Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Dimitri P Mikhailidis
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Royal Free Campus, Medical School, University College London (UCL), London, UK
| | - Peter P Toth
- The Johns Hopkins Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Heart Disease, Baltimore, MD, USA; Preventive Cardiology, CGH Medical Center, Sterling, IL, USA
| | - Ioanna Gouni-Berthold
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Preventive Medicine, University of Cologne, Germany
| | - John Mancini
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - David Marais
- Chemical Pathology Division of the Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town Health Science Faculty, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Patrick Moriarty
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Division of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Massimiliano Ruscica
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Dragos Vinereanu
- Cardiology Department, University and Emergency Hospital, Bucharest, Romania, University of Medicine and Pharmacy Carol Davila, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Arrigo Francesco Giuseppe Cicero
- Hypertension and Cardiovascular disease risk research center, Medical and Surgical Sciences Department, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy; IRCCS Policlinico S. Orsola-Malpighi, Bologna, Italy
| | - Maciej Banach
- Department of Preventive Cardiology and Lipidology, Medical University of Lodz (MUL), Poland; Polish Mother's Memorial Hospital Research Institute (PMMHRI), Lodz, Poland; Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Zielona Gora, Zielona Gora, Poland.
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4
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Penson PE, Bruckert E, Marais D, Reiner Ž, Pirro M, Sahebkar A, Bajraktari G, Mirrakhimov E, Rizzo M, Mikhailidis DP, Sachinidis A, Gaita D, Latkovskis G, Mazidi M, Toth PP, Pella D, Alnouri F, Postadzhiyan A, Yeh HI, Mancini GBJ, von Haehling S, Banach M, Al‐Khnifsawi M, Alnouri F, Amar F, Atanasov AG, Bajraktari G, Banach M, Bhaskar S, Bytyçi I, Bjelakovic B, Bruckert E, Cafferata A, Ceska R, Cicero AF, Collet X, Daccord M, Descamps O, Djuric D, Durst R, Ezhov MV, Fras Z, Gaita D, Hernandez AV, Jones SR, Jozwiak J, Kakauridze N, Kallel A, Katsiki N, Khera A, Kostner K, Kubilius R, Latkovskis G, Mancini GJ, Marais AD, Martin SS, Martinez JA, Mazidi M, Mikhailidis DP, Mirrakhimov E, Miserez AR, Mitchenko O, Mitkovskaya NP, Moriarty PM, Nabavi SM, Nair D, Panagiotakos DB, Paragh G, Pella D, Penson PE, Petrulioniene Z, Pirro M, Postadzhiyan A, Puri R, Reda A, Reiner Ž, Radenkovic D, Rakowski M, Riadh J, Richter D, Rizzo M, Ruscica M, Sahebkar A, Sattar N, Serban M, Shehab AM, Shek AB, Sirtori CR, Stefanutti C, Tomasik T, Toth PP, Viigimaa M, Valdivielso P, Vinereanu D, Vohnout B, von Haehling S, Vrablik M, Wong ND, Yeh H, Zhisheng J, Zirlik A. Step-by-step diagnosis and management of the nocebo/drucebo effect in statin-associated muscle symptoms patients: a position paper from the International Lipid Expert Panel (ILEP). J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2022; 13:1596-1622. [PMID: 35969116 PMCID: PMC9178378 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.12960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Statin intolerance is a clinical syndrome whereby adverse effects (AEs) associated with statin therapy [most commonly statin-associated muscle symptoms (SAMS)] result in the discontinuation of therapy and consequently increase the risk of adverse cardiovascular outcomes. However, complete statin intolerance occurs in only a small minority of treated patients (estimated prevalence of only 3-5%). Many perceived AEs are misattributed (e.g. physical musculoskeletal injury and inflammatory myopathies), and subjective symptoms occur as a result of the fact that patients expect them to do so when taking medicines (the nocebo/drucebo effect)-what might be truth even for over 50% of all patients with muscle weakness/pain. Clear guidance is necessary to enable the optimal management of plasma in real-world clinical practice in patients who experience subjective AEs. In this Position Paper of the International Lipid Expert Panel (ILEP), we present a step-by-step patient-centred approach to the identification and management of SAMS with a particular focus on strategies to prevent and manage the nocebo/drucebo effect and to improve long-term compliance with lipid-lowering therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter E Penson
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK.,Liverpool Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Liverpool, UK
| | - Eric Bruckert
- Pitié-Salpetrière Hospital and Sorbonne University, Cardio metabolic Institute, Paris, France
| | - David Marais
- Chemical Pathology Division of the Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town Health Science Faculty, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Željko Reiner
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, School of Medicine University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Matteo Pirro
- Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Clinic of Cardiology, University Clinical Centre of Kosova, Medical Faculty, University of Prishtina, Prishtina, Kosovo
| | - Gani Bajraktari
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.,Department of Internal Disease, Kyrgyz State Medical Academy, Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan
| | - Erkin Mirrakhimov
- Department of Atherosclerosis and Coronary Heart Disease, National Center of Cardiology and Internal Diseases, Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan
| | - Manfredi Rizzo
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences Maternal and Infantile Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (PROMISE), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy.,Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Dimitri P Mikhailidis
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, University College London Medical School, University College London (UCL), London, UK
| | - Alexandros Sachinidis
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences Maternal and Infantile Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (PROMISE), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy.,2nd Propedeutic Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Dan Gaita
- Universitatea de Medicina si Farmacie Victor Babes, Timisoara, Romania.,Clinica de Cardiologie, Institutul de Boli Cardiovasculare Timisoara, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Gustavs Latkovskis
- Pauls Stradins Clinical University Hospital, Riga, Latvia.,University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia
| | - Mohsen Mazidi
- Medical Research Council Population Health Research Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit (CTSU), Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Peter P Toth
- CGH Medical Center, Sterling, IL, USA.,Cicarrone Center for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Daniel Pella
- 2nd Department of Cardiology of the East Slovak Institute of Cardiovascular Disease and Faculty of Medicine, PJ Safarik University, Kosice, Slovak Republic
| | - Fahad Alnouri
- Cardiovascular Prevention Unit, Adult Cardiology Department, Prince Sultan Cardiac Centre Riyadh, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Arman Postadzhiyan
- Department of General Medicine, Emergency University Hospital 'St. Anna', Medical University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Hung-I Yeh
- Department of Medicine, MacKay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - G B John Mancini
- Department of General Medicine, Emergency University Hospital 'St. Anna', Medical University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Stephan von Haehling
- Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, Heart Center, University of Göttingen Medical Center, Göttingen, Germany.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Maciej Banach
- Polish Moother's Memorial Hospital Research Institute (PMMHRI), Lodz, Poland.,Department of Preventive Cardiology and Lipidology, Medical University of Lodz (MUL), Lodz, Poland.,Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Zielona Gora, Zielona Gora, Poland
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5
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Gupta M, Mancini GJ, Wani RJ, Ahooja V, Bergeron J, Manjoo P, Pandey AS, Reiner M, Beltran J, Oliveira T, Mackinnon ES. Real-world Insights into Evolocumab Use in Patients with Hyperlipidemia: Canadian Analysis from the ZERBINI Study. CJC Open 2022; 4:558-567. [PMID: 35734519 PMCID: PMC9207771 DOI: 10.1016/j.cjco.2022.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The 2021 Canadian Cardiovascular Society guidelines recommend proprotein convertase subtilisin-kexin type 9 (PCSK9) inhibitor therapy in patients with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease whose low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) concentration remains ≥ 1.8 mmol/L despite maximally tolerated statin therapy. This retrospective and prospective observational study characterizes Canadian patients treated with evolocumab and describes its effectiveness and safety. Methods Between August 2017 and July 2019, a total of 131 patients initiated on evolocumab therapy were enrolled at 15 sites in Canada. Data were extracted from medical records every 3 months between 6 months prior to, and for 12 months following evolocumab therapy initiation, until July 6, 2020. Baseline and prospectively collected data are reported as available. Results A total of 131 patients were enrolled (59.5% male; mean age [standard deviation (SD)] 64.7 ± 10.6 years), most with a diagnosis of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and/or familial hypercholesterolemia (93.4%). Mean (± SD) LDL-C concentration at baseline was 3.7 (± 1.7) mmol/L (n = 119), with 58.0% of patients receiving a statin (36.6% high intensity). Mean (± SD) LDL-C concentration after evolocumab treatment was 1.6 (± 1.0) mmol/L (n = 120), representing a 58.7% decrease from baseline (n = 109). This level remained stable over 12 months. An LDL-C concentration < 1.8 mmol/L was achieved by 77.5% of patients. Persistence was 92%, and no serious treatment-emergent adverse events were reported. Conclusions These findings provide real-world evidence of guideline-recommended initiation of evolocumab therapy, as well as confirmation of its effectiveness and safety in a Canadian population. Evolocumab therapy can address a healthcare gap in the management of dyslipidemia, by increasing the proportion of patients achieving LDL-C goals recommended to lower cardiovascular risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milan Gupta
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Canadian Collaborative Research Network, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - G.B. John Mancini
- Centre for Cardiovascular Innovation, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | | | - Vineeta Ahooja
- Heart Health Institute, Scarborough and Ajax, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jean Bergeron
- Department of Medicine, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada
| | - Priya Manjoo
- Department of Endocrinology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Cardiometabolic Collaborative Clinic, Vancouver Island Health Authority, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - A. Shekhar Pandey
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Cambridge Cardiac Care Centre, Cambridge, Ontario, Canada
| | | | | | | | - Erin S. Mackinnon
- Amgen Canada Inc., Mississauga, Ontario, Canada
- Corresponding author: Dr Erin Mackinnon, 6775 Financial Dr, Suite 100, Mississauga, Ontario L5N 0A4, Canada. Tel.: +1-647-919-0453.
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Peng JJ, Saleh N, Roston TM, Kramer A, Cermakova L, Mancini GJ, Fordyce CB, Brunham LR. The design and rationale of the Advancing Cardiac Care Unit-based Rapid Assessment and Treatment of hypErcholesterolemia (ACCURATE) study. Am Heart J Plus 2022; 13:100097. [PMID: 38560068 PMCID: PMC10978219 DOI: 10.1016/j.ahjo.2022.100097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) is an inherited condition characterized by elevated low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels and premature atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). Despite being the most common inherited cardiovascular disorder, it is still highly underdiagnosed and undertreated worldwide. We designed the Advancing Cardiac Care Unit-based Rapid Assessment and Treatment of hypErcholesterolemia (ACCURATE) study to test the hypothesis that opportunistic genetic testing for FH among patients hospitalized for acute coronary syndrome (ACS) will increase the diagnosis of FH and improve patient outcomes. ACCURATE is a non-randomized, controlled trial of patients <60 years old admitted to an acute cardiac unit with ACS and elevated LDL-C levels. The first cohort will consist of a control group of patients presenting with ACS who will be treated according to usual standard-of-care. The second cohort will consist of patients presenting with ACS in whom research-based genetic testing for FH will be performed during hospitalization and the results returned to the treating physicians. The primary endpoint will be the number of patients with a new diagnosis of FH. The secondary endpoints will be the proportion of patients who undergo intensification of lipid-lowering therapy, the lowest LDL-C level achieved, and the proportion of patients reaching guideline recommended lipid targets in the 12 months after the index ACS. To our knowledge, ACCURATE represents the first clinical trial of genetic testing for FH in the acute cardiac care setting and is expected to help identify optimal approaches to increase the diagnosis and treatment of FH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junran J. Peng
- Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Navid Saleh
- Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Thomas M. Roston
- Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Adam Kramer
- Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Lubomira Cermakova
- Healthy Heart Program Prevention Clinic, St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, Canada
| | - G.B. John Mancini
- Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Division of Cardiology, Vancouver General Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Christopher B. Fordyce
- Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Division of Cardiology, Vancouver General Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Centre for Health Evaluation & Outcomes Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Liam R. Brunham
- Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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Vallejo-Vaz AJ, Stevens CA, Lyons AR, Dharmayat KI, Freiberger T, Hovingh GK, Mata P, Raal FJ, Santos RD, Soran H, Watts GF, Abifadel M, Aguilar-Salinas CA, Alhabib KF, Alkhnifsawi M, Almahmeed W, Alnouri F, Alonso R, Al-Rasadi K, Al-Sarraf A, Al-Sayed N, Araujo F, Ashavaid TF, Banach M, Béliard S, Benn M, Binder CJ, Bogsrud MP, Bourbon M, Chlebus K, Corral P, Davletov K, Descamps OS, Durst R, Ezhov M, Gaita D, Genest J, Groselj U, Harada-Shiba M, Holven KB, Kayikcioglu M, Khovidhunkit W, Lalic K, Latkovskis G, Laufs U, Liberopoulos E, Lima-Martinez MM, Lin J, Maher V, Marais AD, März W, Mirrakhimov E, Miserez AR, Mitchenko O, Nawawi H, Nordestgaard BG, Panayiotou AG, Paragh G, Petrulioniene Z, Pojskic B, Postadzhiyan A, Raslova K, Reda A, Reiner Ž, Sadiq F, Sadoh WE, Schunkert H, Shek AB, Stoll M, Stroes E, Su TC, Subramaniam T, Susekov AV, Tilney M, Tomlinson B, Truong TH, Tselepis AD, Tybjærg-Hansen A, Vázquez Cárdenas A, Viigimaa M, Wang L, Yamashita S, Kastelein JJ, Bruckert E, Vohnout B, Schreier L, Pang J, Ebenbichler C, Dieplinger H, Innerhofer R, Winhofer-Stöckl Y, Greber-Platzer S, Krychtiuk K, Speidl W, Toplak H, Widhalm K, Stulnig T, Huber K, Höllerl F, Rega-Kaun G, Kleemann L, Mäser M, Scholl-Bürgi S, Säly C, Mayer FJ, Sablon G, Tarantino E, Nzeyimana C, Pojskic L, Sisic I, Nalbantic AD, Jannes CE, Pereira AC, Krieger JE, Petrov I, Goudev A, Nikolov F, Tisheva S, Yotov Y, Tzvetkov I, Baass A, Bergeron J, Bernard S, Brisson D, Brunham LR, Cermakova L, Couture P, Francis GA, Gaudet D, Hegele RA, Khoury E, Mancini GJ, McCrindle BW, Paquette M, Ruel I, Cuevas A, Asenjo S, Wang X, Meng K, Song X, Yong Q, Jiang T, Liu Z, Duan Y, Hong J, Ye P, Chen Y, Qi J, Liu Z, Li Y, Zhang C, Peng J, Yang Y, Yu W, Wang Q, Yuan H, Cheng S, Jiang L, Chong M, Jiao J, Wu Y, Wen W, Xu L, Zhang R, Qu Y, He J, Fan X, Wang Z, Chow E, Pećin I, Perica D, Symeonides P, Vrablik M, Ceska R, Soska V, Tichy L, Adamkova V, Franekova J, Cifkova R, Kraml P, Vonaskova K, Cepova J, Dusejovska M, Pavlickova L, Blaha V, Rosolova H, Nussbaumerova B, Cibulka R, Vaverkova H, Cibickova L, Krejsova Z, Rehouskova K, Malina P, Budikova M, Palanova V, Solcova L, Lubasova A, Podzimkova H, Bujdak J, Vesely J, Jordanova M, Salek T, Urbanek R, Zemek S, Lacko J, Halamkova H, Machacova S, Mala S, Cubova E, Valoskova K, Burda L, Bendary A, Daoud I, Emil S, Elbahry A, Rafla S, Sanad O, Kazamel G, Ashraf M, Sobhy M, El-Hadidy A, Shafy MA, Kamal S, Bendary M, Talviste G, Angoulvant D, Boccara F, Cariou B, Carreau V, Carrie A, Charrieres S, Cottin Y, Di-Fillipo M, Ducluzeau PH, Dulong S, Durlach V, Farnier M, Ferrari E, Ferrieres D, Ferrieres J, Gallo A, hankard R, Inamo J, Lemale J, Moulin P, Paillard F, Peretti N, Perrin A, Pradignac A, Rabes JP, Rigalleau V, Sultan A, Schiele F, Tounian P, Valero R, Verges B, Yelnik C, Ziegler O, Haack IA, Schmidt N, Dressel A, Klein I, Christmann J, Sonntag A, Stumpp C, Boger D, Biedermann D, Usme MM, Beil FU, Klose G, König C, Gouni-Berthold I, Otte B, Böll G, Kirschbaum A, Merke J, Scholl J, Segiet T, Gebauer M, Predica F, Mayer M, Leistikow F, Füllgraf-Horst S, Müller C, Schüler M, Wiener J, Hein K, Baumgartner P, Kopf S, Busch R, Schömig M, Matthias S, Allendorf-Ostwald N, Fink B, Böhm D, Jäkel A, Koschker AC, Schweizer R, Vogt A, Parhofer K, König W, Reinhard W, Bäßler A, Stadelmann A, Schrader V, Katzmann J, Tarr A, Steinhagen-Thiessen E, Kassner U, Paulsen G, Homberger J, Zemmrich C, Seeger W, Biolik K, Deiss D, Richter C, Pantchechnikova E, Dorn E, Schatz U, Julius U, Spens A, Wiesner T, Scholl M, Rizos CV, Sakkas N, Elisaf M, Skoumas I, Tziomalos K, Rallidis L, Kotsis V, Doumas M, Athyros V, Skalidis E, Kolovou G, Garoufi A, Bilianou E, Koutagiar I, Agapakis D, Kiouri E, Antza C, Katsiki N, Zacharis E, Attilakos A, Sfikas G, Koumaras C, Anagnostis P, Anastasiou G, Liamis G, Koutsogianni AD, Karányi Z, Harangi M, Bajnok L, Audikovszky M, Márk L, Benczúr B, Reiber I, Nagy G, Nagy A, Reddy LL, Shah SA, Ponde CK, Dalal JJ, Sawhney JP, Verma IC, Altaey M, Al-Jumaily K, Rasul D, Abdalsahib AF, Jabbar AA, Al-ageedi M, Agar R, Cohen H, Ellis A, Gavishv D, Harats D, Henkin Y, Knobler H, Leavit L, Leitersdorf E, Rubinstein A, Schurr D, Shpitzen S, Szalat A, Casula M, Zampoleri V, Gazzotti M, Olmastroni E, Sarzani R, Ferri C, Repetti E, Sabbà C, Bossi AC, Borghi C, Muntoni S, Cipollone F, Purrello F, Pujia A, Passaro A, Marcucci R, Pecchioli V, Pisciotta L, Mandraffino G, Pellegatta F, Mombelli G, Branchi A, Fiorenza AM, Pederiva C, Werba JP, Parati G, Carubbi F, Iughetti L, Iannuzzi A, Iannuzzo G, Calabrò P, Averna M, Biasucci G, Zambon S, Roscini AR, Trenti C, Arca M, Federici M, Del Ben M, Bartuli A, Giaccari A, Pipolo A, Citroni N, Guardamagna O, Bonomo K, Benso A, Biolo G, Maroni L, Lupi A, Bonanni L, Zenti MG, Matsuki K, Hori M, Ogura M, Masuda D, Kobayashi T, Nagahama K, Al-Jarallah M, Radovic M, Lunegova O, Bektasheva E, Khodzhiboboev E, Erglis A, Gilis D, Nesterovics G, Saripo V, Meiere R, Upena-RozeMicena A, Terauda E, Jambart S, Khoury PE, Elbitar S, Ayoub C, Ghaleb Y, Aliosaitiene U, Kutkiene S, Kasim NA, Nor NS, Ramli AS, Razak SA, Al-Khateeb A, Kadir SH, Muid SA, Rahman TA, Kasim SS, Radzi AB, Ibrahim KS, Razali S, Ismail Z, Ghani RA, Hafidz MI, Chua AL, Rosli MM, Annamalai M, Teh LK, Razali R, Chua YA, Rosman A, Sanusi AR, Murad NA, Jamal ARA, Nazli SA, Razman AZ, Rosman N, Rahmat R, Hamzan NS, Azzopardi C, Mehta R, Martagon AJ, Ramirez GA, Villa NE, Vazquez AV, Elias-Lopez D, Retana GG, Rodriguez B, Macías JJ, Zazueta AR, Alvarado RM, Portano JD, Lopez HA, Sauque-Reyna L, Herrera LG, Mendia LE, Aguilar HG, Cooremans ER, Aparicio BP, Zubieta VM, Gonzalez PA, Ferreira-Hermosillo A, Portilla NC, Dominguez GJ, Garcia AY, Cazares HE, Gonzalez JR, Valencia CV, Padilla FG, Prado RM, De los Rios Ibarra MO, Villicaña RD, Rivera KJ, Carrera RA, Alvarez JA, Martinez JC, de los Reyes Barrera Bustillo M, Vargas GC, Chacon RC, Andrade MH, Ortega AF, Alcala HG, de Leon LE, Guzman BG, Garcia JJ, Cuellar JC, Cruz JR, Garcia AH, Almada JR, Herrera UJ, Sobrevilla FL, Rodriguez EM, Sibaja CM, Rodriguez AB, Oyervides JC, Vazquez DI, Rodriguez EA, Osorio ML, Saucedo JR, Tamayo MT, Talavera LA, Arroyo LE, Carrillo EA, Isara A, Obaseki DE, Al-Waili K, Al-Zadjali F, Al-Zakwani I, Al-Kindi M, Al-Mukhaini S, Al-Barwani H, Rana A, Shah LS, Starostecka E, Konopka A, Lewek J, Bartłomiejczyk M, Gąsior M, Dyrbuś K, Jóźwiak J, Gruchała M, Pajkowski M, Romanowska-Kocejko M, Żarczyńska-Buchowiecka M, Chmara M, Wasąg B, Parczewska A, Gilis-Malinowska N, Borowiec-Wolna J, Stróżyk A, Woś M, Michalska-Grzonkowska A, Medeiros AM, Alves AC, Silva F, Lobarinhas G, Palma I, de Moura JP, Rico MT, Rato Q, Pais P, Correia S, Moldovan O, Virtuoso MJ, Salgado JM, Colaço I, Dumitrescu A, Lengher C, Mosteoru S, Meshkov A, Ershova A, Rozkova T, Korneva V, Yu KT, Zafiraki V, Voevoda M, Gurevich V, Duplyakov D, Ragino Y, Safarova M, Shaposhnik I, Alkaf F, Khudari A, Rwaili N, Al-Allaf F, Alghamdi M, Batais MA, Almigbal TH, Kinsara A, AlQudaimi AH, Awan Z, Elamin OA, Altaradi H, Rajkovic N, Popovic L, Singh S, Stosic L, Rasulic I, Lalic NM, Lam C, Le TJ, Siang EL, Dissanayake S, I-Shing JT, Shyong TE, Jin TC, Balinth K, Buganova I, Fabryova L, Kadurova M, Klabnik A, Kozárová M, Sirotiakova J, Battelino T, Kovac J, Mlinaric M, Sustar U, Podkrajsek KT, Fras Z, Jug B, Cevc M, Pilcher GJ, Blom D, Wolmarans K, Brice B, Muñiz-Grijalvo O, Díaz-Díaz JL, de Isla LP, Fuentes F, Badimon L, Martin F, Lux A, Chang NT, Ganokroj P, Akbulut M, Alici G, Bayram F, Can LH, Celik A, Ceyhan C, Coskun FY, Demir M, Demircan S, Dogan V, Durakoglugil E, Dural IE, Gedikli O, Hacioglu A, Ildizli M, Kilic S, Kirilmaz B, Kutlu M, Oguz A, Ozdogan O, Onrat E, Ozer S, Sabuncu T, Sahin T, Sivri F, Sonmez A, Temizhan A, Topcu S, Tuncez A, Vural M, Yenercag M, Yesilbursa D, Yigit Z, Yildirim AB, Yildirir A, Yilmaz MB, Atallah B, Traina M, Sabbour H, Hay DA, Luqman N, Elfatih A, Abdulrasheed A, Kwok S, Oca ND, Reyes X, Alieva RB, Kurbanov RD, Hoshimov SU, Nizamov UI, Ziyaeva AV, Abdullaeva GJ, Do DL, Nguyen MN, Kim NT, Le TT, Le HA, Tokgozoglu L, Catapano AL, Ray KK. Global perspective of familial hypercholesterolaemia: a cross-sectional study from the EAS Familial Hypercholesterolaemia Studies Collaboration (FHSC). Lancet 2021; 398:1713-1725. [PMID: 34506743 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(21)01122-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The European Atherosclerosis Society Familial Hypercholesterolaemia Studies Collaboration (FHSC) global registry provides a platform for the global surveillance of familial hypercholesterolaemia through harmonisation and pooling of multinational data. In this study, we aimed to characterise the adult population with heterozygous familial hypercholesterolaemia and described how it is detected and managed globally. METHODS Using FHSC global registry data, we did a cross-sectional assessment of adults (aged 18 years or older) with a clinical or genetic diagnosis of probable or definite heterozygous familial hypercholesterolaemia at the time they were entered into the registries. Data were assessed overall and by WHO regions, sex, and index versus non-index cases. FINDINGS Of the 61 612 individuals in the registry, 42 167 adults (21 999 [53·6%] women) from 56 countries were included in the study. Of these, 31 798 (75·4%) were diagnosed with the Dutch Lipid Clinic Network criteria, and 35 490 (84·2%) were from the WHO region of Europe. Median age of participants at entry in the registry was 46·2 years (IQR 34·3-58·0); median age at diagnosis of familial hypercholesterolaemia was 44·4 years (32·5-56·5), with 40·2% of participants younger than 40 years when diagnosed. Prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors increased progressively with age and varied by WHO region. Prevalence of coronary disease was 17·4% (2·1% for stroke and 5·2% for peripheral artery disease), increasing with concentrations of untreated LDL cholesterol, and was about two times lower in women than in men. Among patients receiving lipid-lowering medications, 16 803 (81·1%) were receiving statins and 3691 (21·2%) were on combination therapy, with greater use of more potent lipid-lowering medication in men than in women. Median LDL cholesterol was 5·43 mmol/L (IQR 4·32-6·72) among patients not taking lipid-lowering medications and 4·23 mmol/L (3·20-5·66) among those taking them. Among patients taking lipid-lowering medications, 2·7% had LDL cholesterol lower than 1·8 mmol/L; the use of combination therapy, particularly with three drugs and with proprotein convertase subtilisin-kexin type 9 inhibitors, was associated with a higher proportion and greater odds of having LDL cholesterol lower than 1·8 mmol/L. Compared with index cases, patients who were non-index cases were younger, with lower LDL cholesterol and lower prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors and cardiovascular diseases (all p<0·001). INTERPRETATION Familial hypercholesterolaemia is diagnosed late. Guideline-recommended LDL cholesterol concentrations are infrequently achieved with single-drug therapy. Cardiovascular risk factors and presence of coronary disease were lower among non-index cases, who were diagnosed earlier. Earlier detection and greater use of combination therapies are required to reduce the global burden of familial hypercholesterolaemia. FUNDING Pfizer, Amgen, Merck Sharp & Dohme, Sanofi-Aventis, Daiichi Sankyo, and Regeneron.
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Newman J, Anthopolos R, Mancini GJ, Bangalore S, Reynolds H, Senior R, Peteiro J, Bhargava B, Garg P, Escobedo J, Doerr R, Mazurek T, Oomman A, Gonzalez-Juanatey J, Gajos G, Sharir T, Keltai M, Maggioni AP, Stone G, Berger J, Rosenberg Y, Boden W, Chaitman B, Hochman J, Maron D. MANAGEMENT AND OUTCOMES OF PATIENTS WITH DIABETES MELLITUS (DM) AND STABLE ISCHEMIC HEART DISEASE (SIHD): POOLED DATA FROM THE ISCHEMIA AND ISCHEMIA-CKD TRIALS. J Am Coll Cardiol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/s0735-1097(21)01497-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Inohara T, Alfadhel M, Starovoytov A, John Mancini G, Saw J. Differences in revascularization strategy and outcomes in ST-elevation and non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction with spontaneous coronary artery dissection. Eur Heart J 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/ehjci/ehaa946.1747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Spontaneous coronary artery dissection (SCAD) is an important cause of myocardial infarction (MI) in young to middle-aged women. However, the role of revascularization for SCAD, especially percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), remains controversial.
Purpose
To compare revascularization strategies and outcomes in SCAD patients presenting with ST-elevation MI (STEMI) vs. unstable angina or non-STEMI (UA/NSTEMI).
Methods
We analyzed SCAD patients who presented acutely between June 2014 and June 2018 to 22 centers participating in the Canadian SCAD Cohort Study. We compared treatment patterns and clinical outcomes in SCAD patients with an initial clinical presentation of STEMI vs. UA/NSTEMI. We assessed follow-up major adverse cardiovascular event (MACE) rate, a composite of all-cause death, MI, and stroke. The impact of revascularization on MACE was also evaluated according to clinical presentations (STEMI vs. UA/NSTEMI).
Results
Among 750 SCAD patients (mean age 51.7±10.5 years; 88.5% were women), 234 (31.2%) presented with STEMI. In the STEMI group, left anterior descending artery was more commonly involved (62.0% vs. 47.5%, p<0.001) and TIMI 0 flow was more frequently observed (24.8% vs. 7.2%, p<0.001). A total of 27.8% of STEMI patients were treated with revascularization (98.5% PCI), whereas only 8.7% of UA/NSTEMI patients were revascularized (93.3% PCI). For STEMI patients, 93.9% were planned procedures, whereas, for UA/NSTEMI patients, 71.1% were planned revascularization. Successful or partially successful PCI was 65.5% for STEMI and 76.9% for UA/NSTEMI (p<0.001). The median follow-up period was 850 (interquartile range: 619–1096) days. MACE rate was not different between STEMI and UA/NSTEMI (UA/NSTEMI as a reference: hazard ratio [HR] 1.08, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.70–1.68, p=0.72). Regardless of clinical presentations, revascularization was associated with increased risk of MACE (STEMI: HR 2.57, CI 1.25–5.25, p=0.01; UA/NSTEMI: HR 5.41, CI 3.19–9.19, p<0.001). The association of revascularization and increased risk of MACE was more prominent in UA/NSTEMI than in STEMI (Figure), but it did not reach statistical significant (P for interaction = 0.09).
Conclusions
In SCAD patients, long-term clinical outcome was not different between STEMI and UA/NSTEMI presentations. Revascularization was more frequently performed with STEMI; however, regardless of clinical presentations, revascularization was associated with worse clinical outcomes. Careful patient selection for revascularization is key for SCAD patients and further studies are needed to clarify selection criteria.
Revasc and MACE by presentation
Funding Acknowledgement
Type of funding source: Public grant(s) – National budget only. Main funding source(s): Canadian Institutes of Health Research
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Affiliation(s)
- T Inohara
- Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, Canada
| | - M Alfadhel
- Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, Canada
| | | | - G.B John Mancini
- University of British Columbia, Division of Cardiology, Vancouver, Canada
| | - J Saw
- Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, Canada
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Trinder M, Paquette M, Cermakova L, Ban M, Hegele R, Mancini GJ, Francis G, Baass A, Brunham L. Modulation of Cardiovascular Risk by Monogenic and Polygenic Determinants of Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol^. J Clin Lipidol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jacl.2020.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Vikulova DN, Skorniakov IS, Bitoiu B, Brown C, Theberge E, Fordyce CB, Francis GA, Humphries KH, Mancini GJ, Pimstone SN, Brunham LR. Lipid-lowering therapy for primary prevention of premature atherosclerotic coronary artery disease: Eligibility, utilization, target achievement, and predictors of initiation. Am J Prev Cardiol 2020; 2:100036. [PMID: 34327459 PMCID: PMC8315606 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpc.2020.100036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Despite advances in screening and prevention, rates of premature coronary artery disease (CAD) have been stagnant. The goals of this study were to investigate the barriers to early risk detection and preventive treatment in patients with premature CAD. In particular, we: 1) assessed the performance of the latest versions of major international guidelines in detection of risk of premature CAD and eligibility for preventive treatment; and, 2) investigated real-life utilization of primary prevention with lipid-lowering therapies in these patients. METHODS We included patients in the Study to Avoid cardioVascular Events in British Columbia (SAVE BC), an observational study of patients with premature (males ≤ 50 years, females ≤ 55 years) angiographically confirmed CAD. Eligibility for primary prevention and treatment received were assessed retrospectively based on information recorded prior to or at the index presentation with CAD. RESULTS Of 417 patients (28.1% females) who met the criteria, 94.3% had at least one major cardiovascular risk factor. In the retrospective risk assessment, 41.7%, 61.4%, and 34.3% (p < 0.001) of patients met criteria for initiation of statin therapy, and an additional 13.9%, 8.4%, and 46.8% may be considered for treatment using the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association, Canadian Cardiovascular Society, and European Society of Cardiology guidelines, respectively. Only 17.1% of patients received statins and 11.0% achieved guideline-recommended lipid goals before presentation. Diabetes and elevated plasma lipid levels were positively associated with treatment initiation, while smoking was associated with non-treatment. CONCLUSIONS The current versions of major guidelines fail to recognize many patients who develop premature CAD as being at risk. The vast majority of these patients, including patients who have guideline-directed indications, do not receive lipid-lowering therapy before presenting with CAD. Our findings highlight the need for more effective screening and prevention strategies for premature CAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana N. Vikulova
- Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
- Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Ilia S. Skorniakov
- Department of Family Practice, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Brendon Bitoiu
- Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Chad Brown
- Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Emilie Theberge
- Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | | | - Gordon A. Francis
- Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
- Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Karin H. Humphries
- Centre for Health Evaluation and Outcomes Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - G.B. John Mancini
- Division of Cardiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Simon N. Pimstone
- Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
- Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Liam R. Brunham
- Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
- Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
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Mancini GJ, Boden WE. Diagnostic Implications in the Aftermath of the ISCHEMIA Trial. Am J Cardiol 2020; 125:1438-1440. [PMID: 32145898 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2020.01.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The recently reported ISCHEMIA trial will reignite the debate regarding the optimal first diagnostic test when evaluating chest pain in patients suspected to have coronary artery disease. This article considers whether the debate should be refocused even before selecting any diagnostic test. The case is made to prioritize risk factor management and empiric angina pectoris control as part of optimal secondary prevention followed by expeditious clinical reassessment to determine adequacy of therapeutic responses, including quality of life, before embarking on diagnostic testing. Once anatomical coronary artery disease is known in diagnostic algorithms that incorporate cardiac computed tomographic angiography, there is the potential to forego an adequate trial of conservative management, thereby failing to translate the key finding of ISCHEMIA to practice. Embedded in this "Symptom-driven Path" is the principle that definitive diagnostic testing must be expeditious if symptoms persist or deteriorate and impair quality of life during conservative management. This strategy would ensure appropriate utilization of contemporary conservative management which is replete with numerous effective pharmacotherapies that modify atherosclerosis and dramatically reduce cardiovascular risk. In conclusion, diagnostic testing and invasive therapy would be minimized and dictated primarily by adequacy of patient symptoms and quality of life.
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Catapano AL, Bays H, Banach M, Duell PB, Laufs U, Leiter LA, Mancini GJ, Ray KK, MacDougall D, Ye Z, Ballantyne CM. BEMPEDOIC ACID EFFICACY AND SAFETY IN HIGH CVD RISK PATIENTS TREATED WITH OR WITHOUT EZETIMIBE: POOLED ANALYSIS OF 4 PHASE 3 CLINICAL TRIALS. J Am Coll Cardiol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/s0735-1097(20)32614-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Farkouh ME, Sidhu MS, Brooks MM, Vlachos H, Boden WE, Frye RL, Hartigan P, Siami F, Bittner VA, Chaitman BR, Mancini GJ, Fuster V. Impact of Chronic Kidney Disease on Outcomes of Myocardial Revascularization in Patients With Diabetes. J Am Coll Cardiol 2019; 73:400-411. [PMID: 30704571 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2018.11.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Revised: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Brunham LR, Ruel I, Khoury E, Hegele RA, Couture P, Bergeron J, Baass A, Dufour R, Francis GA, Cermakova L, Mancini GJ, Brophy JM, Brisson D, Gaudet D, Genest J. Familial hypercholesterolemia in Canada: Initial results from the FH Canada national registry. Atherosclerosis 2018; 277:419-424. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2018.05.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Revised: 04/25/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Razek O, Cermakova L, Armani H, Lee T, Francis GA, Mancini GJ, Frohlich J, Brunham LR. Attainment of Recommended Lipid Targets in Patients With Familial Hypercholesterolemia: Real-World Experience With PCSK9 Inhibitors. Can J Cardiol 2018; 34:1004-1009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2018.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2018] [Revised: 04/12/2018] [Accepted: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
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Ballantyne CM, Banach M, Mancini GJ, Lepor NE, Hanselman JC, Zhao X, Leiter LA. Phase 3 Evaluation of Bempedoic Acid Added to Ezetimibe in Patients with Elevated LDL-cholesterol Receiving No Greater Than Low Dose Statins: CLEAR Tranquility. ATHEROSCLEROSIS SUPP 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosissup.2018.04.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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Mancini GJ, Fleetham JA. Does Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Cause Cardiovascular Disease? Hypertension 2018; 71:409-410. [DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.117.10277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- G.B. John Mancini
- From the Division of Cardiology (G.B.J.M.) and Division of Respiratory Medicine (J.A.F.), Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - John A. Fleetham
- From the Division of Cardiology (G.B.J.M.) and Division of Respiratory Medicine (J.A.F.), Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
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Ha AC, Labos C, Kajil M, Tsigoulis M, Cox J, Mancini GJ, Dorian P, Gladstone D, Lockwood E, Shuaib A, Chan W, Singh N, Gupta M. WHAT FACTORS INFLUENCE THE CHOICE OF APIXABAN, RIVAROXABAN, OR DABIGATRAN FOR STROKE PREVENTION AMONG ATRIAL FIBRILLATION PATIENTS IN REAL-WORLD CLINICAL PRACTICE? INSIGHTS FROM THE PROSPECTIVE SPRINT-AF REGISTRY. J Am Coll Cardiol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/s0735-1097(18)31062-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Mancini GJ. Cardiovascular Risk Reduction and Male Sexual Health: No Free Ride. Can J Cardiol 2018; 34:4-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2017.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2017] [Accepted: 10/29/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
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Ramanathan K, Abel JG, Park JE, Fung A, Mathew V, Taylor CM, Mancini GJ, Gao M, Ding L, Verma S, Humphries KH, Farkouh ME. Surgical Versus Percutaneous Coronary Revascularization in Patients With Diabetes and Acute Coronary Syndromes. J Am Coll Cardiol 2017; 70:2995-3006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2017.10.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2016] [Revised: 09/29/2017] [Accepted: 10/10/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Parsa A, Starovoytov A, Mancini GJ, Saw J. TCT-338 Cardiovascular Symptoms during 5-year Follow-up After Index Event in Patients with Spontaneous Coronary Artery Dissection. J Am Coll Cardiol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2017.09.428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Rosenson RS, Baker S, Banach M, Borow KM, Braun LT, Bruckert E, Brunham LR, Catapano AL, Elam MB, Mancini GJ, Moriarty PM, Morris PB, Muntner P, Ray KK, Stroes ES, Taylor BA, Taylor VH, Watts GF, Thompson PD. Optimizing Cholesterol Treatment in Patients With Muscle Complaints. J Am Coll Cardiol 2017; 70:1290-1301. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2017.07.752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2017] [Revised: 07/20/2017] [Accepted: 07/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Humphries KH, Mancini GJ. Reduction of LDL-C-related residual cardiovascular risk with ezetimibe: are mechanistic considerations warranted in practice? Eur Heart J 2017; 38:2276-2278. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehx275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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25
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Jones PH, Martin S, Bays H, Mancini GJ, Averna M, Sposito AC, Koren M, Samuel R, Letierce A, Baccara-Dinet M, Scott Wright R. ALIROCUMAB EFFICACY AND SAFETY IN PATIENTS WITH HYPERCHOLESTEROLEMIA AND WITH OR WITHOUT CLINICAL ATHEROSCLEROTIC CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE: POOLED ANALYSIS OF 10 ODYSSEY RANDOMIZED TRIALS. J Am Coll Cardiol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/s0735-1097(17)35047-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Anderson TJ, Grégoire J, Pearson GJ, Barry AR, Couture P, Dawes M, Francis GA, Genest J, Grover S, Gupta M, Hegele RA, Lau DC, Leiter LA, Lonn E, Mancini GJ, McPherson R, Ngui D, Poirier P, Sievenpiper JL, Stone JA, Thanassoulis G, Ward R. 2016 Canadian Cardiovascular Society Guidelines for the Management of Dyslipidemia for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease in the Adult. Can J Cardiol 2016; 32:1263-1282. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2016.07.510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 494] [Impact Index Per Article: 61.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2016] [Revised: 07/13/2016] [Accepted: 07/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
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Eng LK, Starovoytov A, Humphries K, Mancini GJ, Saw J. TCT-48 Medical Therapy and Clinical Outcomes with Spontaneous Coronary Artery Dissection. J Am Coll Cardiol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2016.09.192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Mancini GJ, Baker S, Bergeron J, Fitchett D, Frohlich J, Genest J, Gupta M, Hegele RA, Ng D, Pearson GJ, Pope J, Tashakkor AY. Diagnosis, Prevention, and Management of Statin Adverse Effects and Intolerance: Canadian Consensus Working Group Update (2016). Can J Cardiol 2016; 32:S35-65. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2016.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2015] [Revised: 01/03/2016] [Accepted: 01/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
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Budoff MJ, Nakazato R, Mancini GJ, Gransar H, Leipsic J, Berman DS, Min JK. CT Angiography for the Prediction of Hemodynamic Significance in Intermediate and Severe Lesions. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging 2016; 9:559-64. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmg.2015.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2015] [Revised: 07/30/2015] [Accepted: 08/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Saw JW, Prakash R, Starovoytov A, Aymong E, Sedlak T, Mancini GJ. CARDIOVASCULAR OUTCOMES IN A LARGE PROSPECTIVELY FOLLOWED SINGLE-CENTER COHORT OF SPONTANEOUS CORONARY ARTERY DISSECTION PATIENTS. J Am Coll Cardiol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/s0735-1097(16)30458-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Sidhu MS, Hartigan P, Maron D, Mancini GJ, Spertus J, Teo K, Sedlis S, Chaitman B, Weintraub W, Boden W. ASSOCIATION BETWEEN BLOOD PRESSURE VARIABILITY AND LONG TERM SURVIVAL IN PATIENTS WITH STABLE ISCHEMIC HEART DISEASE: A POST-HOC ANALYSIS OF THE COURAGE TRIAL. J Am Coll Cardiol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/s0735-1097(16)32158-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Alipour S, Starovoytov A, Heydari-Kamjani M, Robinson B, Daniele P, Gao M, Humphries K, Mancini GJ, Saw J. FREQUENCY AND EFFECTS OF EMOTIONAL AND PHYSICAL STRESSORS IN PATIENTS WITH SPONTANEOUS CORONARY ARTERY DISSECTION. J Am Coll Cardiol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/s0735-1097(16)30296-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Acharjee S, Teo KK, Jacobs AK, Hartigan PM, Barn K, Gosselin G, Tanguay JF, Maron DJ, Kostuk WJ, Chaitman BR, Mancini GJ, Spertus JA, Dada MR, Bates ER, Booth DC, Weintraub WS, O’Rourke RA, Boden WE. Optimal medical therapy with or without percutaneous coronary intervention in women with stable coronary disease: A pre-specified subset analysis of the Clinical Outcomes Utilizing Revascularization and Aggressive druG Evaluation (COURAGE) trial. Am Heart J 2016; 173:108-17. [PMID: 26920603 DOI: 10.1016/j.ahj.2015.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2013] [Accepted: 07/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine whether sex-based differences exist in clinical effectiveness of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) when added to optimal medical therapy (OMT) in patients with stable coronary artery disease. BACKGROUND A prior pre-specified unadjusted analysis from COURAGE showed that women randomized to PCI had a lower rate of death or myocardial infarction during a median 4.6-year follow-up with a trend for interaction with respect to sex. METHODS We analyzed outcomes in 338 women (15%) and 1949 men (85%) randomized to PCI plus OMT versus OMT alone after adjustment for relevant baseline characteristics. RESULTS There was no difference in treatment effect by sex for the primary end point (death or myocardial infarction; HR, 0.89; 95% CI, 0.77-1.03 for women and HR, 1.02, 95% CI 0.96-1.10 for men; P for interaction = .07). Although the event rate was low, a trend for interaction by sex was nonetheless noted for hospitalization for heart failure, with only women, but not men, assigned to PCI experiencing significantly fewer events as compared to their counterparts receiving OMT alone (HR, 0.59; 95% CI, 0.40-0.84, P < .001 for women and HR, 0.86; 95% CI, 0.74-1.01, P = .47 for men; P for interaction = .02). Both sexes randomized to PCI experienced significantly reduced need for subsequent revascularization (HR, 0.72; 95% CI, 0.62-0.83, P < .001 for women; HR, 0.84; 95% CI, 0.79-0.89, P < .001 for men; P for interaction = .02) with evidence of a sex-based differential treatment effect. CONCLUSION In this adjusted analysis of the COURAGE trial, there were no significant differences in treatment effect on major outcomes between men and women. However, women assigned to PCI demonstrated a greater benefit as compared to men, with a reduction in heart failure hospitalization and need for future revascularization. These exploratory observations require further prospective study.
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Ha AC, Singh N, Cox JL, Mancini GJ, Dorian P, Fournier C, Gladstone DJ, Lockwood E, Shuaib A, Kajil M, Tsigoulis M, Gupta MK. Oral Anticoagulation for Stroke Prevention in Canadian Practice: Stroke Prevention and Rhythm Interventions in Atrial Fibrillation (SPRINT-AF) Registry*. Can J Cardiol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2015.04.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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35
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Padala SK, Sidhu MS, Hartigan PM, Maron DJ, Teo KK, Spertus JA, Mancini GJ, Sedlis SP, Chaitman BR, Heller GV, Weintraub WS, Boden WE. Effect of baseline exercise capacity on outcomes in patients with stable coronary heart disease (a post hoc analysis of the clinical outcomes utilizing revascularization and aggressive drug evaluation trial). Am J Cardiol 2015; 116:1509-15. [PMID: 26410604 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2015.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2015] [Revised: 08/04/2015] [Accepted: 08/04/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The impact of baseline exercise capacity on clinical outcomes in patients with stable ischemic heart disease randomized to an initial strategy of optimal medical therapy (OMT) with or without percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in the Clinical Outcomes Utilizing Revascularization and Aggressive Drug Evaluation (COURAGE) trial has not been studied. A post hoc analysis was performed in 1,052 patients of COURAGE (PCI + OMT: n = 527, OMT: n = 525) who underwent exercise treadmill testing at baseline. Patients were categorized into 2 exercise capacity groups based on metabolic equivalents (METs) achieved during baseline exercise treadmill testing (<7 METs: n = 464, ≥7 METs: n = 588) and were followed for a median of 4.6 years. The primary composite end point of death or myocardial infarction was similar in the PCI + OMT group and the OMT group for patients with exercise capacity <7 METs (19.1% vs 16.1%, p = 0.31) and ≥7 METs (13.3% vs 10.3%, p = 0.27). After adjusting for baseline covariates, the hazard ratio (99% confidence interval) for the primary end point for the PCI + OMT group versus the OMT group was 1.42 (0.90 to 2.23, p = 0.05) and for the exercise capacity subgroups of ≥7 METs and <7 METs was 0.75 (0.46 to 1.22, p = 0.13). There was no statistically significant interaction between the original treatment arm allocation (PCI + OMT vs OMT) and baseline exercise capacity. In conclusion, there was no difference in the long-term clinical outcomes in patients with exercise capacity <7 METs compared with ≥7 METs, irrespective of whether they were assigned to initial PCI. Patients with exercise capacity <7 METs did not derive a proportionately greater clinical benefit from PCI + OMT compared with those patients who received OMT alone.
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Mancini GJ, Howlett JG, Borer J, Liu PP, Mehra MR, Pfeffer M, Swedberg K, Tardif JC. Pharmacologic Options for the Management of Systolic Heart Failure: Examining Underlying Mechanisms. Can J Cardiol 2015; 31:1282-92. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2015.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2015] [Revised: 02/16/2015] [Accepted: 02/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
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Mancini GJ, Road J. Are Statins out in the COLD? The STATCOPE Trial. Can J Cardiol 2015; 31:970-3. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2015.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2015] [Revised: 03/09/2015] [Accepted: 03/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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Saw JW, Wong G, Mayo J, Bernstein V, Mancini GJ, Ye J, Skarsgard P, Starovoytov A, Fox R, Cairns J. TICAGRELOR AND ASPIRIN FOR THE PREVENTION OF CARDIOVASCULAR EVENTS AFTER CORONARY ARTERY BYPASS SURGERY: THE TAP-CABG STUDY. J Am Coll Cardiol 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/s0735-1097(15)61638-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Saw J, Aymong E, Sedlak T, Buller CE, Starovoytov A, Ricci D, Robinson S, Vuurmans T, Gao M, Humphries K, Mancini GJ. Spontaneous Coronary Artery Dissection. Circ Cardiovasc Interv 2014; 7:645-55. [DOI: 10.1161/circinterventions.114.001760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 457] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline Saw
- From the Division of Cardiology, Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, BC (J.S., T.S., A.S., D.R., G.B.J.M.); Division of Cardiology, St Paul’s Hospital, Vancouver, BC (E.A.); Division of Cardiology, St Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, Ontario (C.E.B.); Division of Cardiology, Royal Jubilee Hospital, Victoria, BC (S.R.); Division of Cardiology, Royal Columbian Hospital, New Westminster, BC (T.V.); and BC Centre for Improved Cardiovascular Health, UBC, Vancouver, BC (M.G., K.H.)
| | - Eve Aymong
- From the Division of Cardiology, Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, BC (J.S., T.S., A.S., D.R., G.B.J.M.); Division of Cardiology, St Paul’s Hospital, Vancouver, BC (E.A.); Division of Cardiology, St Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, Ontario (C.E.B.); Division of Cardiology, Royal Jubilee Hospital, Victoria, BC (S.R.); Division of Cardiology, Royal Columbian Hospital, New Westminster, BC (T.V.); and BC Centre for Improved Cardiovascular Health, UBC, Vancouver, BC (M.G., K.H.)
| | - Tara Sedlak
- From the Division of Cardiology, Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, BC (J.S., T.S., A.S., D.R., G.B.J.M.); Division of Cardiology, St Paul’s Hospital, Vancouver, BC (E.A.); Division of Cardiology, St Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, Ontario (C.E.B.); Division of Cardiology, Royal Jubilee Hospital, Victoria, BC (S.R.); Division of Cardiology, Royal Columbian Hospital, New Westminster, BC (T.V.); and BC Centre for Improved Cardiovascular Health, UBC, Vancouver, BC (M.G., K.H.)
| | - Christopher E. Buller
- From the Division of Cardiology, Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, BC (J.S., T.S., A.S., D.R., G.B.J.M.); Division of Cardiology, St Paul’s Hospital, Vancouver, BC (E.A.); Division of Cardiology, St Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, Ontario (C.E.B.); Division of Cardiology, Royal Jubilee Hospital, Victoria, BC (S.R.); Division of Cardiology, Royal Columbian Hospital, New Westminster, BC (T.V.); and BC Centre for Improved Cardiovascular Health, UBC, Vancouver, BC (M.G., K.H.)
| | - Andrew Starovoytov
- From the Division of Cardiology, Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, BC (J.S., T.S., A.S., D.R., G.B.J.M.); Division of Cardiology, St Paul’s Hospital, Vancouver, BC (E.A.); Division of Cardiology, St Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, Ontario (C.E.B.); Division of Cardiology, Royal Jubilee Hospital, Victoria, BC (S.R.); Division of Cardiology, Royal Columbian Hospital, New Westminster, BC (T.V.); and BC Centre for Improved Cardiovascular Health, UBC, Vancouver, BC (M.G., K.H.)
| | - Donald Ricci
- From the Division of Cardiology, Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, BC (J.S., T.S., A.S., D.R., G.B.J.M.); Division of Cardiology, St Paul’s Hospital, Vancouver, BC (E.A.); Division of Cardiology, St Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, Ontario (C.E.B.); Division of Cardiology, Royal Jubilee Hospital, Victoria, BC (S.R.); Division of Cardiology, Royal Columbian Hospital, New Westminster, BC (T.V.); and BC Centre for Improved Cardiovascular Health, UBC, Vancouver, BC (M.G., K.H.)
| | - Simon Robinson
- From the Division of Cardiology, Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, BC (J.S., T.S., A.S., D.R., G.B.J.M.); Division of Cardiology, St Paul’s Hospital, Vancouver, BC (E.A.); Division of Cardiology, St Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, Ontario (C.E.B.); Division of Cardiology, Royal Jubilee Hospital, Victoria, BC (S.R.); Division of Cardiology, Royal Columbian Hospital, New Westminster, BC (T.V.); and BC Centre for Improved Cardiovascular Health, UBC, Vancouver, BC (M.G., K.H.)
| | - Tycho Vuurmans
- From the Division of Cardiology, Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, BC (J.S., T.S., A.S., D.R., G.B.J.M.); Division of Cardiology, St Paul’s Hospital, Vancouver, BC (E.A.); Division of Cardiology, St Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, Ontario (C.E.B.); Division of Cardiology, Royal Jubilee Hospital, Victoria, BC (S.R.); Division of Cardiology, Royal Columbian Hospital, New Westminster, BC (T.V.); and BC Centre for Improved Cardiovascular Health, UBC, Vancouver, BC (M.G., K.H.)
| | - Min Gao
- From the Division of Cardiology, Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, BC (J.S., T.S., A.S., D.R., G.B.J.M.); Division of Cardiology, St Paul’s Hospital, Vancouver, BC (E.A.); Division of Cardiology, St Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, Ontario (C.E.B.); Division of Cardiology, Royal Jubilee Hospital, Victoria, BC (S.R.); Division of Cardiology, Royal Columbian Hospital, New Westminster, BC (T.V.); and BC Centre for Improved Cardiovascular Health, UBC, Vancouver, BC (M.G., K.H.)
| | - Karin Humphries
- From the Division of Cardiology, Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, BC (J.S., T.S., A.S., D.R., G.B.J.M.); Division of Cardiology, St Paul’s Hospital, Vancouver, BC (E.A.); Division of Cardiology, St Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, Ontario (C.E.B.); Division of Cardiology, Royal Jubilee Hospital, Victoria, BC (S.R.); Division of Cardiology, Royal Columbian Hospital, New Westminster, BC (T.V.); and BC Centre for Improved Cardiovascular Health, UBC, Vancouver, BC (M.G., K.H.)
| | - G.B. John Mancini
- From the Division of Cardiology, Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, BC (J.S., T.S., A.S., D.R., G.B.J.M.); Division of Cardiology, St Paul’s Hospital, Vancouver, BC (E.A.); Division of Cardiology, St Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, Ontario (C.E.B.); Division of Cardiology, Royal Jubilee Hospital, Victoria, BC (S.R.); Division of Cardiology, Royal Columbian Hospital, New Westminster, BC (T.V.); and BC Centre for Improved Cardiovascular Health, UBC, Vancouver, BC (M.G., K.H.)
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Mancini GJ, Gosselin G, Chow B, Kostuk W, Stone J, Yvorchuk KJ, Abramson BL, Cartier R, Huckell V, Tardif JC, Connelly K, Ducas J, Farkouh ME, Gupta M, Juneau M, O’Neill B, Raggi P, Teo K, Verma S, Zimmermann R. Canadian Cardiovascular Society Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Management of Stable Ischemic Heart Disease. Can J Cardiol 2014; 30:837-49. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2014.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2014] [Revised: 05/22/2014] [Accepted: 05/23/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
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Saw J, Aymong E, Mancini GJ, Sedlak T, Starovoytov A, Ricci D. Nonatherosclerotic Coronary Artery Disease in Young Women. Can J Cardiol 2014; 30:814-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2014.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 190] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2013] [Revised: 01/16/2014] [Accepted: 01/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
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Mancini GJ, Ryomoto A. Comparison of Cardiovascular Risk Assessment Algorithms to Determine Eligibility for Statin Therapy: Implications for Practice in Canada. Can J Cardiol 2014; 30:661-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2014.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2014] [Revised: 04/01/2014] [Accepted: 04/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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Acharjee S, Boden W, Hartigan P, Teo K, Maron D, Sedlis S, Kostuk W, Spertus J, Dada M, Chaitman B, John Mancini G, Weintraub W. Impact of High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol on Revascularization Procedures in Patients With Stable Ischemic Heart Disease: From the COURAGE trial*. J Clin Lipidol 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jacl.2014.02.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Padala S, Sidhu M, Hartigan P, Teo K, Spertus J, Maron D, Mancini GJ, Sedlis S, Chaitman B, Heller G, Weintraub W, Boden W. BASELINE EXERCISE CAPACITY AND IMPROVEMENT IN QUALITY OF LIFE IN PATIENTS WITH STABLE ISCHEMIC HEART DISEASE: A POST HOC ANALYSIS OF THE COURAGE TRIAL. J Am Coll Cardiol 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/s0735-1097(14)61644-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Sedlis SP, Jurkovitz CT, Hartigan PM, Kolm P, Goldfarb DS, Lorin JD, Dada M, Maron DJ, Spertus JA, Mancini GJ, Teo KK, Boden WE, Weintraub WS. Health status and quality of life in patients with stable coronary artery disease and chronic kidney disease treated with optimal medical therapy or percutaneous coronary intervention (post hoc findings from the COURAGE trial). Am J Cardiol 2013; 112:1703-8. [PMID: 24011740 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2013.07.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2013] [Revised: 07/12/2013] [Accepted: 07/12/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is an important clinical co-morbidity that increases the risk of death and myocardial infarction in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) even when treated with guideline-directed therapies. It is unknown, however, whether CKD influences the effects of CAD treatments on patients' health status, their symptoms, function, and quality of life. We performed a post hoc analysis of the Clinical Outcomes Utilizing Revascularization and Aggressive Drug Evaluation (COURAGE) study to compare health status in patients with stable CAD with and without CKD defined as a glomerular filtration rate of <60 ml/min/1.73 m(2) randomized to either percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) and optimal medical therapy (OMT) or OMT alone. Health status was measured at baseline, 1, 3, 6, 12, 24, and 36 months of follow-up with the Seattle Angina Questionnaire in 310 patients with CKD and 1,719 patients without CKD. Linear mixed-effects models were used to analyze Seattle Angina Questionnaire scores longitudinally. Mean scores for angina-related quality of life, angina frequency, and physical limitation domains improved from baseline values in both patients with and without CKD and plateaued. Early improvement (1 to 6 months) was more common in patients treated with PCI plus OMT than with OMT alone in both patients with and without CKD. Treatment satisfaction scores were high at baseline in all groups and did not change significantly over time. In conclusion, although CKD is an important determinant of event-free survival in patients with stable CAD, it neither precludes satisfactory treatment of angina with PCI plus OMT or OMT alone nor is it associated with an unsatisfactory quality of life.
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Wood DA, Poulter RS, Boone R, Lim I, Bogale N, Starovoytov A, Lempereur M, Shiekh I, Humphries K, Owens C, Buller C, John Mancini G, Cairns J, Wong GC. TCT-628 Stability Of Non Culprit Vessel Fractional Flow Reserve In Patients With ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction. J Am Coll Cardiol 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2013.08.1376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Teoh H, Després JP, Dufour R, Fitchett DH, Goldin L, Goodman SG, Harris SB, Langer A, Lau DC, Lonn EM, John Mancini G, McFarlane PA, Poirier P, Rabasa-Lhoret R, Tan MK, Leiter LA. Identification and Management of Patients at Elevated Cardiometabolic Risk in Canadian Primary Care: How Well Are We Doing? Can J Cardiol 2013; 29:960-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2012.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2012] [Revised: 11/14/2012] [Accepted: 12/01/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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Lin D, Cohen Freue G, Hollander Z, John Mancini G, Sasaki M, Mui A, Wilson-McManus J, Ignaszewski A, Imai C, Meredith A, Balshaw R, Ng RT, Keown PA, Robert McMaster W, Carere R, Webb JG, McManus BM. Plasma protein biosignatures for detection of cardiac allograft vasculopathy. J Heart Lung Transplant 2013; 32:723-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2013.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2012] [Revised: 04/03/2013] [Accepted: 04/09/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
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Cragg JJ, Schulzer M, Mancini GJ. Commentary on the risk and benefit of aspirin therapy: an application of the concepts of unqualified success and unmitigated failure. J Clin Epidemiol 2013; 66:803-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jclinepi.2013.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2012] [Revised: 01/21/2013] [Accepted: 02/03/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Bindra A, Teo K, Sidhu M, Hartigan P, Maron D, Kostuk W, Sedlis S, John Mancini G, Bates E, Scirica B, Spertus J, Weintraub W, Chaitman B, Boden W. PREVALENCE AND CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF RECURRENT AND UNREMITTING ANGINA WITH PERCUTANEOUS INTERVENTION VERSUS OPTIMAL MEDICAL THERAPY IN PATIENTS WITH STABLE ISCHEMIC HEART DISEASE: A POST HOC ANALYSIS OF THE CLINICAL OUTCOMES UTILIZING REVASCULARIZATION AND AGGRESSIVE DRUG EVALUATION TRIAL. J Am Coll Cardiol 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/s0735-1097(13)61205-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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