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Sousa DER, Wilson TM, Macêdo IL, Romano APM, Ramos DG, Passos PHO, Costa GRT, Fonseca VS, Mares-Guia MAMM, Giovanetti M, Alcantara LCJ, de Filippis AMB, Paludo GR, Melo CB, Castro MB. Case report: Urbanized non-human primates as sentinels for human zoonotic diseases: a case of acute fatal toxoplasmosis in a free-ranging marmoset in coinfection with yellow fever virus. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1236384. [PMID: 37670831 PMCID: PMC10475956 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1236384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Free-ranging non-human primates (NHP) can live in anthropized areas or urban environments in close contact with human populations. This condition can enable the emergence and transmission of high-impact zoonotic pathogens. For the first time, we detected a coinfection of the yellow fever (YF) virus with Toxoplasma gondii in a free-ranging NHP in a highly urbanized area of a metropolis in Brazil. Specifically, we observed this coinfection in a black-tufted marmoset found dead and taken for a necropsy by the local health surveillance service. After conducting an epidemiological investigation, characterizing the pathological features, and performing molecular assays, we confirmed that the marmoset developed an acute fatal infection caused by T. gondii in coinfection with a new YF virus South American-1 sub-lineage. As a result, we have raised concerns about the public health implications of these findings and discussed the importance of diagnosis and surveillance of zoonotic agents in urbanized NHPs. As competent hosts of zoonotic diseases such as YF and environmental sentinels for toxoplasmosis, NHPs play a crucial role in the One Health framework to predict and prevent the emergence of dangerous human pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davi E. R. Sousa
- Graduate Program in Animal Science, University of Brasília, Brasilia, Brazil
- Veterinary Pathology Laboratory, University of Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Tais M. Wilson
- Graduate Program in Animal Science, University of Brasília, Brasilia, Brazil
- Veterinary Pathology Laboratory, University of Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Isabel L. Macêdo
- Graduate Program in Animal Science, University of Brasília, Brasilia, Brazil
- Veterinary Pathology Laboratory, University of Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Alessandro P. M. Romano
- Technical Group of Arbovirus Surveillance, General Coordination of Communicable Diseases, Department of Communicable Disease Surveillance, Secretariat of Health Surveillance, Brazilian Ministry of Health, Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Daniel G. Ramos
- Technical Group of Arbovirus Surveillance, General Coordination of Communicable Diseases, Department of Communicable Disease Surveillance, Secretariat of Health Surveillance, Brazilian Ministry of Health, Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Pedro H. O. Passos
- Technical Group of Arbovirus Surveillance, General Coordination of Communicable Diseases, Department of Communicable Disease Surveillance, Secretariat of Health Surveillance, Brazilian Ministry of Health, Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Gabriela R. T. Costa
- Graduate Program in Animal Science, University of Brasília, Brasilia, Brazil
- Environmental Health Surveillance Directorate of the Federal District, Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Vagner S. Fonseca
- Organização Pan-Americana da Saúde/Organização Mundial da Saúde, Brasília, Brazil
- Instituto Rene Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | - Marta Giovanetti
- Instituto Rene Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Sciences and Technologies for Sustainable Development and One Health, University of Campus Bio-Medico of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Luiz Carlos Junior Alcantara
- Instituto Rene Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Laboratório de Arbovírus e Vírus Hemorrágicos (LARBOH), Instituto Osawldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Ana Maria B. de Filippis
- Laboratório de Arbovírus e Vírus Hemorrágicos (LARBOH), Instituto Osawldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Giane R. Paludo
- Graduate Program in Animal Science, University of Brasília, Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Cristiano B. Melo
- Graduate Program in Animal Science, University of Brasília, Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Márcio B. Castro
- Graduate Program in Animal Science, University of Brasília, Brasilia, Brazil
- Veterinary Pathology Laboratory, University of Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
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Furtado AP, Carvalho ITS, Lewis EL, Bleke CA, Pantoja DL, Colli GR, French SS, Paludo GR. Short-term impact of a wildfire on the homeostasis of Tropidurus oreadicus lizards. J Exp Zool A Ecol Integr Physiol 2023; 339:423-436. [PMID: 36773015 DOI: 10.1002/jez.2687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
Wildfires cause significant changes in natural habitats and can impact lizard populations. Through changes in the thermal environment, reduced prey availability, and increased exposure to parasite vectors, wildfires affect lizard physiology, immunity, and health. We sampled 56 Tropidurus oreadicus lizards from Cerrado savannas of Brazil living in two adjacent sites: one burned 14 days before the study, and the other unburned for 6 years. We logged the air temperatures of those sites throughout fieldwork. We assessed the short-term possible homeostatic imbalances caused by the fires via measuring body mass, circulating levels of corticosterone (CORT), leukocytes profile changes in heterophile-lymphocyte ratios (HLRs), innate immunity using the bacterial killing assay (BKA), and the diagnosis of hemoparasites using molecular techniques. The air temperature was significantly higher in the burned site. There was no difference in lizard body mass between the two sites, suggesting that prey availability was not affected by the wildfire. While parasite presence was seemingly not affected by fire, the timing of initial parasite infection for animals in the study was unknown, so we also evaluated parasitism as an independent variable relative to the other metrics. Our results showed that parasitic infections lead to reduced bactericidal capacity and body mass in lizards, suggesting clinical disease and depletion of innate immune resources. Moreover, we observed increased HLR with fire and parasitic infections and a strong negative correlation with BKA. These findings suggest that the increased environmental temperature following wildfires may lead to increased CORT and decreased BKA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana P Furtado
- Departamento de Ciências Animais, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil
| | - Izabelle T S Carvalho
- Departamento de Ciências Animais, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil
| | - Erin L Lewis
- Department of Biology, Utah State University, Logan, Utah, USA
| | - Cole A Bleke
- Department of Wildland Resources, Utah State University, Logan, Utah, USA
| | - Davi L Pantoja
- Departamento de Biologia, Universidade Federal do Piauí, Teresina, Piauí, Brazil
| | - Guarino R Colli
- Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil
| | | | - Giane R Paludo
- Departamento de Ciências Animais, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil
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da Silva TF, de Quadros APN, do Rêgo GMS, de Oliveira J, de Medeiros JT, Dos Reis LFM, Ribeiro TMP, Carvalho MV, de Mattos PSR, Mathias LA, Paludo GR. Leptospira spp. in Free-Ranging Capybaras ( Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris) from Midwestern Brazil. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 2023; 23:106-112. [PMID: 36847360 DOI: 10.1089/vbz.2022.0034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Leptospirosis is a contagious disease that affects domestic and wild animals as well as humans. It is caused by infection with some pathogenic species of the genus Leptospira. In Brazil, studies on leptospirosis in capybaras are scarce or nonexistent in some regions, such as the Federal District. The objective of this study was to analyze the presence of DNA of the agent and/or anti-Leptospira spp. antibodies in capybaras. Materials and Methods: Blood samples were collected from 56 free-living capybaras captured in two different sites in the study region. The samples were submitted to hematology and clinical chemistry tests. To identify Leptospira positive samples, a conventional PCR (cPCR) and analysis of anti-Leptospira spp. antibodies by microscopic agglutination test (MAT) were used. Results: No animal showed cPCR amplification of the Lip32 gene, but 41.1% (23/56) of the animals had anti-Leptospira spp. antibodies on MAT. The serovars present were icterohaemorrhagiae (82.61%), copenhageni (65.22%), grippotyphosa (4.35%), and hardjo (4.35%). In the laboratorial tests, differences (p < 0.05) were observed in the biochemical assays of alkaline phosphatase, creatinine, albumin, and globulin. Although these values differed significantly between groups, they all remained within reference range (excluding albumin), and thus there is not enough to infer that this alteration could be caused by Leptospira infection. Conclusions: cPCR using whole blood samples to evaluate Leptospira spp. infection of free-living capybaras was not an efficient tool. The presence of Leptospira seroreactive capybaras shows that the bacteria are circulating in the urban environment of the Federal District.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thamiris F da Silva
- Laboratório de Patologia Clínica Veterinária, Faculdade de Agronomia e Medicina Veterinária-FAV, Universidade de Brasília-UnB, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Ana P N de Quadros
- Laboratório de Patologia Clínica Veterinária, Faculdade de Agronomia e Medicina Veterinária-FAV, Universidade de Brasília-UnB, Brasília, Brazil
| | - George M S do Rêgo
- Laboratório de Patologia Clínica Veterinária, Faculdade de Agronomia e Medicina Veterinária-FAV, Universidade de Brasília-UnB, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Julia de Oliveira
- Laboratório de Patologia Clínica Veterinária, Faculdade de Agronomia e Medicina Veterinária-FAV, Universidade de Brasília-UnB, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Jussara T de Medeiros
- Laboratório de Patologia Clínica Veterinária, Faculdade de Agronomia e Medicina Veterinária-FAV, Universidade de Brasília-UnB, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Luiz F M Dos Reis
- Laboratório de Patologia Clínica Veterinária, Faculdade de Agronomia e Medicina Veterinária-FAV, Universidade de Brasília-UnB, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Taiã M P Ribeiro
- Laboratório de Patologia Clínica Veterinária, Faculdade de Agronomia e Medicina Veterinária-FAV, Universidade de Brasília-UnB, Brasília, Brazil
| | | | | | - Luís A Mathias
- School of Agricultural and Veterinary Studies, Jaboticabal, Brazil
| | - Giane R Paludo
- Laboratório de Patologia Clínica Veterinária, Faculdade de Agronomia e Medicina Veterinária-FAV, Universidade de Brasília-UnB, Brasília, Brazil
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Scalon MC, Martins CS, Ferreira GG, Schlemmer F, Titze-de-Almeida R, Paludo GR. RT-rtPCR quantification of circulating microRNAs in plasma and serum samples from healthy domestic cats. J Vet Diagn Invest 2021; 33:1151-1155. [PMID: 34301168 DOI: 10.1177/10406387211034843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression at a post-transcriptional level by silencing targeted messenger RNA (mRNA). Most studies concerning miRNA expression use solid tissue samples. However, circulating miRNAs from different body fluids have recently emerged as diagnostic and prognostic molecules, given that they hold informative value and have increased stability in cell-free form. Blood sampling of cats can be challenging given their small body size and because they often experience distress when handled. We quantified miR-20a, -192, -365, -15b-5p, and -16-5p from plasma and serum samples of 10 healthy domestic cats. Our RT-rtPCR procedure used 100 µL of either plasma or serum samples as sources of biomarker molecules. However, serum provided higher amounts of miRNA than plasma samples, with a p < 0.0001 for miR-20a and p < 0.0002 for miR-16-5p.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcela C Scalon
- Veterinary Clinical Pathology Laboratory, College of Agronomy and Veterinary Medicine, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Christine S Martins
- Veterinary Clinical Pathology Laboratory, College of Agronomy and Veterinary Medicine, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Gabriel G Ferreira
- Technology for Gene Therapy Laboratory, College of Agronomy and Veterinary Medicine, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Franciele Schlemmer
- Technology for Gene Therapy Laboratory, College of Agronomy and Veterinary Medicine, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Titze-de-Almeida
- Technology for Gene Therapy Laboratory, College of Agronomy and Veterinary Medicine, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Giane R Paludo
- Veterinary Clinical Pathology Laboratory, College of Agronomy and Veterinary Medicine, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Brazil
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Pereira FMA, de Oliveira AR, Mattioli MP, Zanani NS, Paludo GR. Diffuse periosteal reaction in a pet European rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) positive to Hepatozoon sp. J Exot Pet Med 2021. [DOI: 10.1053/j.jepm.2020.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Wilson TM, Sousa SKH, Paludo GR, de Melo CB, Llano HAB, Soares RM, Castro MB. An undescribed species of Sarcocystis associated with necrotizing meningoencephalitis in naturally infected backyard chickens in the Midwest of Brazil. Parasitol Int 2020; 76:102098. [PMID: 32120051 DOI: 10.1016/j.parint.2020.102098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Revised: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Sarcocistys -associated menigoencephalitis is virtually an unrecognized cause of neurological disease in chickens. An undescribed species of Sarcocystis cause fatal infection in two backyard chickens in the Midwest of Brazil. Infected chickens presented anorexia, weight loss, incoordination, ataxia and opisthotonos. Yellow necrotic foci in the gray and white matter of the telencephalon were the main gross lesion. Microscopically, necrotizing granulomatous and heterophilic meningoencephalitis with intralesional Sarcocystis -like schizonts and mezoites were observed in the central nervous system. Molecular analysis of frozen brain samples of the two chickens was identical and the protozoan was named Sarcocystis sp. Chicken-2016-DF-BR. Complete nested PCR- sequence of Sarcocystis sp. Chicken-2016-DF-BR was equally similar to Sarcocystis anasi (EU553477) and Sarcocystis albifronsi (EU502868). This is the first report of Sarcocistys -associated meningoencephalitis with molecular characterization in backyard chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tais M Wilson
- Laboratório de Patologia Veterinária, Faculdade de Agronomia e Veterinária, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF 70910-900, Brazil
| | - Susy K H Sousa
- Axys Análises Laboratório Veterinário, Porto Alegre, RS 91370-000, Brazil
| | - Giane R Paludo
- Laboratório de Patologia Clínica Veterinária, Faculdade de Agronomia e Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF 70910-900, Brazil
| | - Cristiano B de Melo
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Animais, Faculdade de Agronomia e Veterinária, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF 70910-900, Brazil
| | - Horwald A B Llano
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva e Saúde Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP 05508- 270, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo M Soares
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva e Saúde Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP 05508- 270, Brazil
| | - Marcio B Castro
- Laboratório de Patologia Veterinária, Faculdade de Agronomia e Veterinária, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF 70910-900, Brazil.
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Seixas L, de Melo CB, Menezes AM, Ramos AF, Paludo GR, Peripolli V, Tanure CB, Costa Junior JBG, McManus C. Study on environmental indices and heat tolerance tests in hair sheep. Trop Anim Health Prod 2017; 49:975-982. [PMID: 28429190 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-017-1285-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2016] [Accepted: 03/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The ability to predict the effects of climatic factors on animals and their adaptability is important for livestock production. The aim of the present study was to analyze whether existing indices are suitable for evaluating heat stress in Santa Ines and Morada Nova sheep, which are locally adapted hair sheep breeds from northeastern Brazil, and if the limits used to classify thermal stress are suitable for these breeds. Therefore, climatic, physiological, and physical parameters, as well as thermographic images, were collected in 26 sheep, 1 1/2 years old, from two genetic groups (Santa Ines 12 males and 4 females; Morada Nov. 7 males and 3 females) for 3 days in both morning (4:00 a.m.) and afternoon (2:00 p.m.) with six repetitions, totalizing 156 repetitions. Statistical analysis included correlations and broken-line regressions. Iberia and Benezra indices were the tolerance tests that best correlated with the assessed parameters. High correlations between environmental indices and rectal or skin surface temperatures was observed, which indicates that these indices can be used for Santa Ines and Morada Nova sheep raised in central Brazil. However, some indicative values of thermal discomfort are different from the existing classification. Therefore, in order to classify appropriately, the model used needs to be carefully studied, because these classifying values can vary according to the species and model. Further research is necessary to establish indicators of thermal stress for sheep breeds raised in the region.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Seixas
- University of Brasilia (UnB), Graduate Program in Animal Sciences, Campus Darcy Ribeiro, Asa Norte, Brasília, DF, Brazil.
| | - C B de Melo
- University of Brasilia (UnB), Graduate Program in Animal Sciences, Campus Darcy Ribeiro, Asa Norte, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - A M Menezes
- University of Brasilia (UnB), Graduate Program in Animal Sciences, Campus Darcy Ribeiro, Asa Norte, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | | | - G R Paludo
- University of Brasilia (UnB), Graduate Program in Animal Sciences, Campus Darcy Ribeiro, Asa Norte, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - V Peripolli
- University of Brasilia (UnB), Graduate Program in Animal Sciences, Campus Darcy Ribeiro, Asa Norte, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - C B Tanure
- University of Brasilia (UnB), Graduate Program in Animal Sciences, Campus Darcy Ribeiro, Asa Norte, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - J B G Costa Junior
- University of Brasilia (UnB), Graduate Program in Animal Sciences, Campus Darcy Ribeiro, Asa Norte, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - C McManus
- University of Brasilia (UnB), Graduate Program in Animal Sciences, Campus Darcy Ribeiro, Asa Norte, Brasília, DF, Brazil
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Aquino LC, Kamani J, Haruna AM, Paludo GR, Hicks CA, Helps CR, Tasker S. Analysis of risk factors and prevalence of haemoplasma infection in dogs. Vet Parasitol 2016; 221:111-117. [PMID: 27084481 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2016.03.0140304-4017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2015] [Revised: 03/10/2016] [Accepted: 03/16/2016] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Mycoplasma haemocanis (Mhc) and 'Candidatus Mycoplasma haematoparvum' (CMhp) are canine haemoplasma species that can induce anaemia in immunocompromised and/or splenectomised dogs. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and phylogeny of canine haemoplasma species in dogs from Nigeria and describe any risk factors for infection. Canine haemoplasma species-specific and generic haemoplasma qPCR assays were used. The species-specific qPCR assays found Mhc infection in 18 of 245 dogs (7.3%), and CMhp infection in only one dog (0.4%). The generic haemoplasma qPCR assays were positive in 44 of 245 (17.9%) dogs. Twenty-five dogs had discordant qPCR results in that they were generic haemoplasma qPCR positive but species-specific qPCR negative. Further evaluation of these dogs by 16S rDNA sequencing gave limited results but 5 were confirmed to be infected with non-haemoplasma species: 2 Anaplasma phagocytophilum, 1 Anaplasma ovis, 1 Serratia marcescens and 1 Aerococcus spp. The 16S rRNA gene sequences from Mhc species showed>99.8% identity with each other and>99.6% identity with GenBank sequences, and resided in a single clade with other global Mhc and Mycoplasma haemofelis sequences, indicating low 16S rRNA genetic variability amongst this canine haemoplasma species.
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Affiliation(s)
- L C Aquino
- Laboratory of Veterinary Clinical Pathology, College of Agronomy and Veterinary Medicine, University of Brasília, Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro, Brasília 709010-900, Brazil.
| | - J Kamani
- Parasitology Division, National Veterinary Research Institute (NVRI) Vom, Plateau State, Nigeria
| | - A M Haruna
- State Veterinary Hospital Jos, Ministry of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Plateau State, Nigeria
| | - G R Paludo
- Laboratory of Veterinary Clinical Pathology, College of Agronomy and Veterinary Medicine, University of Brasília, Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro, Brasília 709010-900, Brazil
| | - C A Hicks
- School of Veterinary Sciences, University of Bristol, Langford House, Langford, Bristol BS40 5DU, UK
| | - C R Helps
- School of Veterinary Sciences, University of Bristol, Langford House, Langford, Bristol BS40 5DU, UK; Molecular Diagnostic Unit, Langford Veterinary Services, Langford, Bristol BS40 5DU, UK
| | - S Tasker
- School of Veterinary Sciences, University of Bristol, Langford House, Langford, Bristol BS40 5DU, UK; Molecular Diagnostic Unit, Langford Veterinary Services, Langford, Bristol BS40 5DU, UK
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Aquino LC, Kamani J, Haruna AM, Paludo GR, Hicks CA, Helps CR, Tasker S. Analysis of risk factors and prevalence of haemoplasma infection in dogs. Vet Parasitol 2016; 221:111-7. [PMID: 27084481 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2016.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2015] [Revised: 03/10/2016] [Accepted: 03/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Mycoplasma haemocanis (Mhc) and 'Candidatus Mycoplasma haematoparvum' (CMhp) are canine haemoplasma species that can induce anaemia in immunocompromised and/or splenectomised dogs. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and phylogeny of canine haemoplasma species in dogs from Nigeria and describe any risk factors for infection. Canine haemoplasma species-specific and generic haemoplasma qPCR assays were used. The species-specific qPCR assays found Mhc infection in 18 of 245 dogs (7.3%), and CMhp infection in only one dog (0.4%). The generic haemoplasma qPCR assays were positive in 44 of 245 (17.9%) dogs. Twenty-five dogs had discordant qPCR results in that they were generic haemoplasma qPCR positive but species-specific qPCR negative. Further evaluation of these dogs by 16S rDNA sequencing gave limited results but 5 were confirmed to be infected with non-haemoplasma species: 2 Anaplasma phagocytophilum, 1 Anaplasma ovis, 1 Serratia marcescens and 1 Aerococcus spp. The 16S rRNA gene sequences from Mhc species showed>99.8% identity with each other and>99.6% identity with GenBank sequences, and resided in a single clade with other global Mhc and Mycoplasma haemofelis sequences, indicating low 16S rRNA genetic variability amongst this canine haemoplasma species.
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Affiliation(s)
- L C Aquino
- Laboratory of Veterinary Clinical Pathology, College of Agronomy and Veterinary Medicine, University of Brasília, Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro, Brasília 709010-900, Brazil.
| | - J Kamani
- Parasitology Division, National Veterinary Research Institute (NVRI) Vom, Plateau State, Nigeria
| | - A M Haruna
- State Veterinary Hospital Jos, Ministry of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Plateau State, Nigeria
| | - G R Paludo
- Laboratory of Veterinary Clinical Pathology, College of Agronomy and Veterinary Medicine, University of Brasília, Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro, Brasília 709010-900, Brazil
| | - C A Hicks
- School of Veterinary Sciences, University of Bristol, Langford House, Langford, Bristol BS40 5DU, UK
| | - C R Helps
- School of Veterinary Sciences, University of Bristol, Langford House, Langford, Bristol BS40 5DU, UK; Molecular Diagnostic Unit, Langford Veterinary Services, Langford, Bristol BS40 5DU, UK
| | - S Tasker
- School of Veterinary Sciences, University of Bristol, Langford House, Langford, Bristol BS40 5DU, UK; Molecular Diagnostic Unit, Langford Veterinary Services, Langford, Bristol BS40 5DU, UK
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Scalon MC, da Silva TF, Aquino LC, Carneiro FT, Lima MGDM, Lemos MDS, Paludo GR. Touchdown polymerase chain reaction detection of polycystic kidney disease and laboratory findings in different cat populations. J Vet Diagn Invest 2014; 26:542-546. [DOI: 10.1177/1040638714536561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Autosomal-dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is the most prevalent inherited genetic disease of cats, predominantly affecting Persian and Persian-related cats. A point mutation (C→A transversion) in exon 29 of the PKD1 gene causes ADPKD, and is the specific molecular target for genetic diagnosis in cats. The current study describes a newly developed touchdown polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to detect this single point mutation, using 2 primers specific for the mutant allele, adapted from an existing multiplex amplification refractory mutation system (ARMS PCR). Furthermore, correlations between the clinical outcomes of tested animals and the results of the genetic test were investigated. A total of 334 cats were tested, 188 from the Veterinary Hospital of Small Animals at the University of Brasilia, and 146 from an anti-rabies vaccine campaign of the Federal District. A total prevalence of 9% was evident among the samples, with 33% of the Persian cats testing positive, and 7% of the Brazilian long- and shorthaired cats testing positive. Prevalence was not correlated with gender or hemogram. Positive animals exhibited hyperglobulinemia ( P = 0.02). This research demonstrated that the mutation does not only occur in Persian and Persian-related cats, and that a touchdown PCR can be used to diagnose ADPKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcela C. Scalon
- Veterinary Clinical Pathology Laboratory, College of Agronomy and Veterinary Medicine, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Thamiris F. da Silva
- Veterinary Clinical Pathology Laboratory, College of Agronomy and Veterinary Medicine, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Larissa C. Aquino
- Veterinary Clinical Pathology Laboratory, College of Agronomy and Veterinary Medicine, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Filipe T. Carneiro
- Veterinary Clinical Pathology Laboratory, College of Agronomy and Veterinary Medicine, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Maíra G. da M. Lima
- Veterinary Clinical Pathology Laboratory, College of Agronomy and Veterinary Medicine, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Marcelle dos S. Lemos
- Veterinary Clinical Pathology Laboratory, College of Agronomy and Veterinary Medicine, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Giane R. Paludo
- Veterinary Clinical Pathology Laboratory, College of Agronomy and Veterinary Medicine, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Brazil
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11
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Marçola TG, Gomes CPC, Silva PA, Fernandes GR, Paludo GR, Pereira RW. Identification of a novel subtype of feline immunodeficiency virus in a population of naturally infected felines in the Brazilian Federal District. Virus Genes 2013; 46:546-50. [PMID: 23329009 DOI: 10.1007/s11262-013-0877-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2012] [Accepted: 01/07/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) is a retrovirus that is found worldwide, and it can be assigned to six subtypes (A, B, C, D, E, and a putative subtype F) based on sequencing analysis of the env and gag genes. Subtypes A and B are the most common worldwide. In Brazil, several authors have isolated only subtype B, and its prevalence differs markedly among investigated populations. Blood samples from 200 domestic felines from the Federal District in Brazil were analyzed by PCR. Samples that tested positive for FIV were then cloned, sequenced, and analyzed phylogenetically and statistically. The results represent the first description of FIV infection in the Central Region of Brazil and suggest that only 2 % of felines in this region are positive for the virus. In addition, the analysis showed that one out of the four positive samples that we detected could not be assigned to any of the six classical subtypes. This sample was taken as a putative novel subtype of the FIV virus. The remaining three positive samples were assigned to subtype B, with differences existing among these samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- T G Marçola
- Laboratório de Microbiologia e Patologia Veterinária, Faculdade de Agronomia e Medicina Veterinária, Universidad de Brasília(UnB), Brasília, Brazil
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12
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Correa ES, Paludo GR, Scalon MC, Machado JA, Lima ACQ, Pinto ATB, Thiebaut JTL, Albernaz AP. Investigação molecular de Ehrlichia spp. e Anaplasma platys em felinos domésticos: alterações clínicas, hematológicas e bioquímicas. Pesq Vet Bras 2011. [DOI: 10.1590/s0100-736x2011001000011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Ehrlichia sp. e Anaplasma platys são micro-organismos Gram negativos, parasitos intracelulares obrigatórios, residindo em vacúolos citoplasmáticos de leucócitos e plaquetas, encontrados no sangue periférico ou em tecidos. Poucos relatos têm sido feitos sobre erliquiose e anaplasmose em gatos no Brasil, os quais são baseados na presença de mórulas em leucócitos e plaquetas, ou pela detecção de anticorpos. O objetivo deste trabalho foi investigar a infecção natural por Ehrlichia sp. e A.platys em gatos no Município de Campos dos Goytacazes-RJ, através da hematoscopia e pela detecção do DNA desses agentes. Foram utilizadas amostras de sangue total e de soro de 91 gatos, independente de raça, sexo e idade. Realizaram-se hemograma, bioquímica sérica e PCR, utilizando oligonucleotídes para Ehrlichia sp. e A.platys. Os dados de hematoscopia mostraram que 9,89% dos gatos apresentaram mórulas em macroplaquetas. O DNA de A.platys foi detectado em 13,18% dos 91 animais e em 44,44% das amostras positivas à hematoscopia. O DNA de Ehrlichia sp. não foi detectado em nenhuma amostra. Nenhuma alteração foi observada nos sinais clínicos nem nos resultados laboratoriais nos animais estudados. Os dados sugerem que os felinos domésticos podem atuar como potenciais reservatórios para A. platys, como forma não sintomática das enfermidades relacionadas
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13
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Câmara ACL, Borges JRJ, Godoy RFD, Moscardini AR, Mustafa VDS, Castro MBD, Ximenes FH, Paludo GR, Perecmanis S, Drummond VO. Síndrome do abscesso pituitário em bezerros na Região Centro-Oeste. Pesq Vet Bras 2009. [DOI: 10.1590/s0100-736x2009001100011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A síndrome do abscesso pituitário é uma doença neurológica responsável por casos esporádicos e surtos, principalmente em bezerros, ocasionando alto índice de mortalidade. Descreve-se a ocorrência e os achados clínicos, laboratoriais e anátomo-patológicos em três bezerros com síndrome do abscesso pituitário no Centro-Oeste do Brasil. Os animais tinham 8-11 meses de idade e os sinais clínicos mais marcantes relacionaram-se aos sinais nervosos de origem cerebral e do tronco encefálico com evolução clínica de 7-20 dias. A hematologia revelou leucocitose por neutrofilia e hiperfibrinogenemia. A análise do líquido céfalo-raquidiano apresentou pleocitose neutrofílica. Arcanobacterium pyogenes foi isolado do líquido céfalo-raquidiano. Um dos bezerros apresentou recuperação após antibioticoterapia. A mortalidade foi de 66,6% (2/3). Os achados de necropsia consistiram em um único abscesso de localização parapituitária ou situado no parênquima da glândula; um dos bezerros apresentou rinite necrosante e outro, broncopneumonia abscedativa. O exame histológico do sistema nervoso central revelou ausência quase completa do tecido hipofisário normal, devido à necrose extensa e infiltrado inflamatório neutrofílico difuso concomitante. Reitera-se a importância da realização de práticas de manejo adequadas a fim de reduzir a incidência de inúmeras enfermidades, principalmente em bezerros, dentre elas a síndrome do abscesso pituitário.
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Soler MAG, Báo SN, Alcântara GB, Tibúrcio VHS, Paludo GR, Santana JFB, Guedes MH, Lima ECD, Lacava ZGM, Morais PC. Interaction of erythrocytes with magnetic nanoparticles. J Nanosci Nanotechnol 2007; 7:1069-71. [PMID: 17450877 DOI: 10.1166/jnn.2007.423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Internalization of biocompatible magnetic nanoparticles by red blood cells (RBCs) is a key issue for opportunities of new applications in the biomedical field. In this study, we used in vitro tests to provide evidences of magnetic nanoparticle internalization by mice red blood cells. The internalization process depends upon the nanoparticle concentration and the nanoparticle hydrodynamic radii. The cell internalization of surface-coated maghemite nanoparticles was indirectly tracked by Raman spectroscopy and directly observed using transmission electron microscopy. The observation of nanoparticle cell uptaking using in vitro experiments represents an important breakthrough for the application of nanomagnetism in diagnosis and therapy of RBC-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria A G Soler
- Instituto de Fisica, Universidade de Brasilia, Brasilia-DF 70910-900, Brazil
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15
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Louvandini H, Veloso CFM, Paludo GR, Dell'Porto A, Gennari SM, McManus CM. Influence of protein supplementation on the resistance and resilience on young hair sheep naturally infected with gastrointestinal nematodes during rainy and dry seasons. Vet Parasitol 2006; 137:103-11. [PMID: 16495016 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2006.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2005] [Revised: 12/08/2005] [Accepted: 01/10/2006] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Thirty, 4-month-old entire Santa Ines lambs were grazed on an Andropogon gayanus pasture, during a 34-week period (rainy season weeks 0-20 and dry season weeks 21-34) and allocated in two treatment groups (n = 15) each with different protein supplementation: high protein (HP-19% CP) and low protein (LP-11% CP). These were subdivided into those receiving anthelmintic treatment (c) (n = 7) and without anthelmintic treatment (i) (n = 8). The objective was to evaluate the effects of supplementation with protein on resistance and resilience to natural helminth infection of hair breed lambs. Lamb weight, blood collection and faecal egg counts (FEC) were carried out monthly. The lambs were slaughtered after 34 weeks, when worm burdens, worm length and eosinophil cell counts were taken. The sheep on treatments HPc and HPi were heavier in live weight than those from LPi and LPc (P < 0.05) at the end of the rainy period. The HPc group finished heavier (P < 0.05) than the other groups in the dry season, which had no significant differences between them. The predominant species of nematode found was T. colubriformis followed by H. contortus, Trichuris globulosa and Moniezia expansa. Animals on HPi had lower FEC than LPi (P < 0.05). The number of worms was lower for both HP groups (P < 0.05) with worm length shorter in the HPc group (P < 0.05) compared with all other groups. The number of eosinophils was higher in animals in the LPi group, which also showed anaemia and lower plasma urea at the end of the dry season. Diet supplementation with high protein was able to improve resilience and resistance to natural infection by endoparasites during the rainy season. In the dry season there was a decrease in both of these traits, which were intimately linked to the quality of available forage under tropical conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Louvandini
- Faculdade de Agronomia e Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília CP 04508, Distrito Federal CEP 70910-900, Brazil.
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16
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Paludo GR, Friedmann H, Dell'Porto A, Macintire DK, Whitley EM, Boudreaux MK, Baneth G, Blagburn BL, Dykstra CC. Hepatozoon spp.: pathological and partial 18S rRNA sequence analysis from three Brazilian dogs. Parasitol Res 2005; 97:167-70. [PMID: 15988602 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-005-1419-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2005] [Accepted: 05/02/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Molecular and histopathological studies were carried out on samples from three Brazilian dogs with persistent hepatozoonosis parasitemia. Canine hepatozoonosis was confirmed by finding gametocytes in blood smears. Histopathological examination of skeletal muscle biopsy revealed muscle degeneration and atrophy, and degenerating/regenerating myofibers, similar to the muscle degeneration caused by Hepatozoon americanum . However, the large cystic structures typical of H. americanum were not observed in muscle biopsies from these dogs. Partial 18S rRNA sequences amplified by PCR from the three Brazilian samples demonstrated closest similarity to the Hepatozoon sp. Fukuoka described in Japan (>99% identity). These results indicate that both additional clinical cases and genes need examination in order to determine the phylogenetic relatedness among canid Hepatozoon species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giane R Paludo
- Faculdade de Agrononomia e Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Brasília, CP04508, 70910-900, Brasília, DF, Brazil
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17
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Boere V, Pinheiro EC, de Oliveira e Silva I, Paludo GR, Canale G, Pianta T, Welker A, Rocha-de-Moura RC. Comparison between sex and age class on some physiological, thermal, and hematological indices of the cerrado's marmoset (Callithrix penicillata)*. J Med Primatol 2005; 34:156-62. [PMID: 15860125 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0684.2005.00101.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
There are few papers about physiological indices in Callithrix penicillata, an increasing primate model in biomedicine. We investigated levels of plasmatic cortisol, plasmatic glucose, free fatty acids, blood cells, tympanic temperature, rectal temperature in C. penicllata, under a fast restraint. Measures of body and weight were accomplished. Males and females were not different regarding any measurements. Body measurements indicated differences between adults and juveniles. Adults showed higher hematocrit and a tendency for higher free fatty acids than juveniles. Right tympanic temperature was higher in adults than juveniles. This result suggests a higher reaction metabolism in adults than juveniles under a restraint stress. Due to the short-time of collecting the data, plasmatic cortisol did not influence physiological parameters. Therefore, we suggest that present results could be considered referential values of C. penicillata physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Boere
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Institute of Biology, Primate Center, University of Brasilia, DF 709 10900 Brasilia, Brazil.
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Selmi AL, Mendes GM, Figueiredo JP, Guimarães FB, Selmi GRB, Bernal FEM, McMannus C, Paludo GR. Chemical restraint of peccaries with tiletamine/zolazepam and xylazine or tiletamine/zolazepam and butorphanol. Vet Anaesth Analg 2003; 30:24-9. [PMID: 14498914 DOI: 10.1046/j.1467-2995.2003.00087.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the use of a combination of tiletamine/zolazepam and xylazine (TZX) in collared and white-lipped peccaries and to compare its efficacy as an anesthetic technique with that of tiletamine/zolazepam and butorphanol (TZB). STUDY DESIGN Prospective experimental trial. ANIMALS Seven white-lipped peccaries (Tayassu pecari) (four females and three males) and four collared peccaries (Tayasu tajacu) (two males and two females). METHODS Animal immobilization was attempted with TZX and TZB (IM) on two different occasions. Heart and respiratory rates (HR, RR), rectal temperature (RT), sedation, muscle relaxation, posture, auditory response and analgesia were evaluated every 15 minutes during immobilization. Induction, anesthesia, standing and walking time were determined after drug administration. RESULTS Doses for white-lipped peccaries were 1.23 +/- 0.26 mg kg(-1) (mean +/- SD) of TZ and 1.23 +/- 0.26 mg kg(-1) of X, and 1.46 +/- 0.09 mg kg(-1) of TZ and 0.14 +/- 0.008 mg kg(-1) of B; doses for collared peccaries were 1.51 +/- 0.29 mg kg(-1) of TZ and 1.51 +/- 0.29 mg kg(-1) of X and 1.68 +/- 0.02 mg kg(-1) of TZ and 0.17 +/- 0.002 mg kg(-1) of B. In white-lipped peccaries, both drug combinations provided a smooth induction and good immobilization for more than an hour. Anesthesia and standing times were significantly longer in animals given TZB, whereas walking time was significantly longer in animals given TZX. A significant decrease in HR was observed with both treatments. Respiratory rate decreased significantly with TZX, but the rate remained higher than with TZB. Induction and recovery quality in white-lipped peccaries was better with TZB than with TZX. Neither protocol provided adequate immobilization in collared peccaries. CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE At the doses described, TZB is effective in providing a long period of immobilization, whereas TZX is adequate for short to medium immobilization in white-lipped peccaries. Neither drug combination was effective in collared peccaries at the doses given.
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Affiliation(s)
- André L Selmi
- Faculdade de Agronomia e Medicina Veterinária/Universidade de Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil.
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