1
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Kranz MB, Voss MW, Cooke GE, Banducci SE, Burzynska AZ, Kramer AF. The cortical structure of functional networks associated with age-related cognitive abilities in older adults. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0204280. [PMID: 30240409 PMCID: PMC6150534 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0204280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Age and cortical structure are both associated with cognition, but characterizing this relationship remains a challenge. A popular approach is to use functional network organization of the cortex as an organizing principle for post-hoc interpretations of structural results. In the current study, we introduce two complimentary approaches to structural analyses that are guided by a-priori functional network maps. Specifically, we systematically investigated the relationship of cortical structure (thickness and surface area) of distinct functional networks to two cognitive domains sensitive to age-related decline thought to rely on both common and distinct processes (executive function and episodic memory) in older adults. We quantified the cortical structure of individual functional network's predictive ability and spatial extent (i.e., number of significant regions) with cognition and its mediating role in the age-cognition relationship. We found that cortical thickness, rather than surface area, predicted cognition across the majority of functional networks. The default mode and somatomotor network emerged as particularly important as they appeared to be the only two networks to mediate the age-cognition relationship for both cognitive domains. In contrast, thickness of the salience network predicted executive function and mediated the age-cognition relationship for executive function. These relationships remained significant even after accounting for global cortical thickness. Quantifying the number of regions related to cognition and mediating the age-cognition relationship yielded similar patterns of results. This study provides a potential approach to organize and describe the apparent widespread regional cortical structural relationships with cognition and age in older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael B. Kranz
- Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States of America
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States of America
| | - Michelle W. Voss
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States of America
| | - Gillian E. Cooke
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States of America
| | - Sarah E. Banducci
- Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States of America
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States of America
| | - Agnieszka Z. Burzynska
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies/ Molecular, Cellular and Integrative Neurosciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States of America
| | - Arthur F. Kramer
- Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States of America
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States of America
- Departments of Psychology and Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, United States of America
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2
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Baniqued PL, Gallen CL, Voss MW, Burzynska AZ, Wong CN, Cooke GE, Duffy K, Fanning J, Ehlers DK, Salerno EA, Aguiñaga S, McAuley E, Kramer AF, D'Esposito M. Brain Network Modularity Predicts Exercise-Related Executive Function Gains in Older Adults. Front Aging Neurosci 2018; 9:426. [PMID: 29354050 PMCID: PMC5758542 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2017.00426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2017] [Accepted: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent work suggests that the brain can be conceptualized as a network comprised of groups of sub-networks or modules. The extent of segregation between modules can be quantified with a modularity metric, where networks with high modularity have dense connections within modules and sparser connections between modules. Previous work has shown that higher modularity predicts greater improvements after cognitive training in patients with traumatic brain injury and in healthy older and young adults. It is not known, however, whether modularity can also predict cognitive gains after a physical exercise intervention. Here, we quantified modularity in older adults (N = 128, mean age = 64.74) who underwent one of the following interventions for 6 months (NCT01472744 on ClinicalTrials.gov): (1) aerobic exercise in the form of brisk walking (Walk), (2) aerobic exercise in the form of brisk walking plus nutritional supplement (Walk+), (3) stretching, strengthening and stability (SSS), or (4) dance instruction. After the intervention, the Walk, Walk+ and SSS groups showed gains in cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), with larger effects in both walking groups compared to the SSS and Dance groups. The Walk, Walk+ and SSS groups also improved in executive function (EF) as measured by reasoning, working memory, and task-switching tests. In the Walk, Walk+, and SSS groups that improved in EF, higher baseline modularity was positively related to EF gains, even after controlling for age, in-scanner motion and baseline EF. No relationship between modularity and EF gains was observed in the Dance group, which did not show training-related gains in CRF or EF control. These results are consistent with previous studies demonstrating that individuals with a more modular brain network organization are more responsive to cognitive training. These findings suggest that the predictive power of modularity may be generalizable across interventions aimed to enhance aspects of cognition and that, especially in low-performing individuals, global network properties can capture individual differences in neuroplasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pauline L Baniqued
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States.,Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
| | - Courtney L Gallen
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States
| | - Michelle W Voss
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Agnieszka Z Burzynska
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - Chelsea N Wong
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
| | - Gillian E Cooke
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States.,Interdisciplinary Health Sciences Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
| | - Kristin Duffy
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
| | - Jason Fanning
- Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States.,Department of Internal Medicine-Gerontology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States
| | - Diane K Ehlers
- Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
| | - Elizabeth A Salerno
- Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
| | - Susan Aguiñaga
- Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
| | - Edward McAuley
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States.,Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
| | - Arthur F Kramer
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States.,Psychology Department and Mechanical and Industrial Engineering Department, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Mark D'Esposito
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States
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3
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Rajesh A, Cooke GE, Monti JM, Jahn A, Daugherty AM, Cohen NJ, Kramer AF. Differences in Brain Architecture in Remote Mild Traumatic Brain Injury. J Neurotrauma 2017; 34:3280-3287. [PMID: 28726543 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2017.5047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) is brain trauma from an external impact with a loss of consciousness less than 30 min. Mild TBI results in several biopsychosocial impairments, with pronounced cognitive deficits thought to resolve within 3 months of injury. Previous research suggests that these impairments are due to a temporary inability to appropriately allocate neural resources in response to cognitive demands. Our study questioned this assumption and instead hypothesized that mTBI was associated with long-term neural disruptions and compromised brain structure integrity. By extension, we investigated the likelihood that functional restitution and cognitive resolution following mTBI may be due to some form of neurofunctional reorganization. To this end, we examined abnormalities in resting state functional connectivity and structure (volume, thickness, and fractional anisotropy) in two groups of mTBI-those with 1-10 years time post-injury (mTBI1-10), and those with 20-65 years time post-injury, relative to age-, sex-, and education-matched controls. We observed abnormalities in brain architecture only in the mTBI1-10 group, characterized by functional hypo-activation in the right frontal pole, smaller frontal pole volume, and lesser fractional anisotropy in the genu of the corpus callosum that extended near the right frontal pole. This frontal region is laterally specialized to regulate function specific to socio-emotional processes. Collectively, neural disruptions and structural insult in mTBI may persist up to 10 years following injury, but injury-related pathology may resolve with longer recovery time. Disruption to frontal-dependent function that supports socio-emotional processes also may interfere with cognitive functioning, as in the case of chronic mTBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aishwarya Rajesh
- 1 Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Champaign, Illinois
| | - Gillian E Cooke
- 1 Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Champaign, Illinois
| | - Jim M Monti
- 1 Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Champaign, Illinois
| | - Andrew Jahn
- 2 Haskins Laboratories , New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Ana M Daugherty
- 1 Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Champaign, Illinois
| | - Neal J Cohen
- 1 Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Champaign, Illinois
| | - Arthur F Kramer
- 1 Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Champaign, Illinois.,3 Departments of Psychology and Engineering, Northeastern University , Boston, Massachusetts
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4
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Banducci SE, Daugherty AM, Biggan JR, Cooke GE, Voss M, Noice T, Noice H, Kramer AF. Active Experiencing Training Improves Episodic Memory Recall in Older Adults. Front Aging Neurosci 2017; 9:133. [PMID: 28536521 PMCID: PMC5422432 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2017.00133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2016] [Accepted: 04/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Active experiencing (AE) is an intervention aimed at attenuating cognitive declines with mindfulness training via an immersive acting program, and has produced promising results in older adults with limited formal education. Yet, the cognitive mechanism(s) of intervention benefits and generalizability of gains across cognitive domains in the course of healthy aging is unclear. We addressed these issues in an intervention trial of older adults (N = 179; mean age = 69.46 years at enrollment; mean education = 16.80 years) assigned to an AE condition (n = 86) or an active control group (i.e., theatre history; n = 93) for 4 weeks. A cognitive battery was administered before and after intervention, and again at a 4-month follow-up. Group differences in change in cognition were tested in latent change score models (LCSM). In the total sample, several cognitive abilities demonstrated significant repeated-testing gains. AE produced greater gains relative to the active control only in episodic recall, with gains still evident up to 4 months after intervention. Intervention conditions were similar in the magnitude of gains in working memory, executive function and processing speed. Episodic memory is vulnerable to declines in aging and related neurodegenerative disease, and AE may be an alternative or supplement to traditional cognitive interventions with older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E Banducci
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-ChampaignUrbana, IL, USA.,Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Urbana-ChampaignUrbana, IL, USA
| | - Ana M Daugherty
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-ChampaignUrbana, IL, USA
| | - John R Biggan
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-ChampaignUrbana, IL, USA
| | - Gillian E Cooke
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-ChampaignUrbana, IL, USA
| | - Michelle Voss
- Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of IowaIowa City, IA, USA
| | - Tony Noice
- Department of Theatre, Elmhurst CollegeElmhurst, IL, USA
| | - Helga Noice
- Psychology Department, Elmhurst CollegeElmhurst, IL, USA
| | - Arthur F Kramer
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-ChampaignUrbana, IL, USA.,Departments of Psychology and Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Northeastern UniversityBoston, MA, USA
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5
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Watson PD, Paul EJ, Cooke GE, Ward N, Monti JM, Horecka KM, Allen CM, Hillman CH, Cohen NJ, Kramer AF, Barbey AK. Underlying sources of cognitive-anatomical variation in multi-modal neuroimaging and cognitive testing. Neuroimage 2016; 129:439-449. [PMID: 26808332 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2016.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2015] [Revised: 11/13/2015] [Accepted: 01/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Healthy adults have robust individual differences in neuroanatomy and cognitive ability not captured by demographics or gross morphology (Luders, Narr, Thompson, & Toga, 2009). We used a hierarchical independent component analysis (hICA) to create novel characterizations of individual differences in our participants (N=190). These components fused data across multiple cognitive tests and neuroanatomical variables. The first level contained four independent, underlying sources of phenotypic variance that predominately modeled broad relationships within types of data (e.g., "white matter," or "subcortical gray matter"), but were not reflective of traditional individual difference measures such as sex, age, or intracranial volume. After accounting for the novel individual difference measures, a second level analysis identified two underlying sources of phenotypic variation. One of these made strong, joint contributions to both the anatomical structures associated with the core fronto-parietal "rich club" network (van den Heuvel & Sporns, 2011), and to cognitive factors. These findings suggest that a hierarchical, data-driven approach is able to identify underlying sources of individual difference that contribute to cognitive-anatomical variation in healthy young adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- P D Watson
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA.
| | - E J Paul
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - G E Cooke
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - N Ward
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - J M Monti
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - K M Horecka
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA; Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, USA
| | - C M Allen
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - C H Hillman
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA; Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - N J Cohen
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA; Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, USA
| | - A F Kramer
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA; Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, USA
| | - A K Barbey
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA; Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, USA; Decision Neuroscience Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, USA; Department of Speech and Hearing Science, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, USA; Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, USA.
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6
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Cooke GE, Wetter NC, Banducci SE, Mackenzie MJ, Zuniga KE, Awick EA, Roberts SA, Sutton BP, McAuley E, Kramer AF. Moderate Physical Activity Mediates the Association between White Matter Lesion Volume and Memory Recall in Breast Cancer Survivors. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0149552. [PMID: 26915025 PMCID: PMC4767728 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0149552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2015] [Accepted: 02/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Increased survival rates among breast cancer patients have drawn significant attention to consequences of both the presence of cancer, and the subsequent treatment-related impact on the brain. The incidence of breast cancer and the effects of treatment often result in alterations in the microstructure of white matter and impaired cognitive functioning. However, physical activity is proving to be a successful modifiable lifestyle factor in many studies that could prove beneficial to breast cancer survivors. This study investigates the link between white matter lesion volume, moderate physical activity, and cognition in breast cancer survivors following treatment compared to non-cancer age-matched controls. Results revealed that brain structure significantly predicted cognitive function via mediation of physical activity in breast cancer survivors. Overall, the study provided preliminary evidence suggesting moderate physical activity may help reduce the treatment related risks associated with breast cancer, including changes to WM integrity and cognitive impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gillian E. Cooke
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States of America
| | - Nathan C. Wetter
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States of America
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States of America
| | - Sarah E. Banducci
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States of America
- Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States of America
| | - Michael J. Mackenzie
- Department of Behavioral Health and Nutrition, College of Health Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, United States of America
| | - Krystle E. Zuniga
- School of Family and Consumer Sciences, Texas State University, San Marcos, TX, United States of America
| | - Elizabeth A. Awick
- Department of Kinesiology & Community Health, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States of America
| | - Sarah A. Roberts
- Department of Kinesiology & Community Health, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States of America
| | - Brad P. Sutton
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States of America
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States of America
| | - Edward McAuley
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States of America
- Department of Kinesiology & Community Health, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States of America
| | - Arthur F. Kramer
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States of America
- Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States of America
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7
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Schwarb H, Watson PD, Campbell K, Shander CL, Monti JM, Cooke GE, Wang JX, Kramer AF, Cohen NJ. Competition and Cooperation among Relational Memory Representations. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0143832. [PMID: 26619203 PMCID: PMC4664414 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0143832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2015] [Accepted: 11/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Mnemonic processing engages multiple systems that cooperate and compete to support task performance. Exploring these systems’ interaction requires memory tasks that produce rich data with multiple patterns of performance sensitive to different processing sub-components. Here we present a novel context-dependent relational memory paradigm designed to engage multiple learning and memory systems. In this task, participants learned unique face-room associations in two distinct contexts (i.e., different colored buildings). Faces occupied rooms as determined by an implicit gender-by-side rule structure (e.g., male faces on the left and female faces on the right) and all faces were seen in both contexts. In two experiments, we use behavioral and eye-tracking measures to investigate interactions among different memory representations in both younger and older adult populations; furthermore we link these representations to volumetric variations in hippocampus and ventromedial PFC among older adults. Overall, performance was very accurate. Successful face placement into a studied room systematically varied with hippocampal volume. Selecting the studied room in the wrong context was the most typical error. The proportion of these errors to correct responses positively correlated with ventromedial prefrontal volume. This novel task provides a powerful tool for investigating both the unique and interacting contributions of these systems in support of relational memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hillary Schwarb
- University of Illinois, Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, Urbana, IL, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Patrick D. Watson
- University of Illinois, Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, Urbana, IL, United States of America
| | - Kelsey Campbell
- University of Illinois, Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, Urbana, IL, United States of America
| | - Christopher L. Shander
- University of Illinois, Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, Urbana, IL, United States of America
| | - Jim M. Monti
- University of Illinois, Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, Urbana, IL, United States of America
| | - Gillian E. Cooke
- University of Illinois, Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, Urbana, IL, United States of America
| | - Jane X. Wang
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Department of Medical Social Sciences, Chicago, IL, United States of America
| | - Arthur F. Kramer
- University of Illinois, Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, Urbana, IL, United States of America
| | - Neal J. Cohen
- University of Illinois, Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, Urbana, IL, United States of America
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8
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Voss MW, Weng TB, Burzynska AZ, Wong CN, Cooke GE, Clark R, Fanning J, Awick E, Gothe NP, Olson EA, McAuley E, Kramer AF. Fitness, but not physical activity, is related to functional integrity of brain networks associated with aging. Neuroimage 2015; 131:113-25. [PMID: 26493108 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2015.10.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2015] [Revised: 10/15/2015] [Accepted: 10/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Greater physical activity and cardiorespiratory fitness are associated with reduced age-related cognitive decline and lower risk for dementia. However, significant gaps remain in the understanding of how physical activity and fitness protect the brain from adverse effects of brain aging. The primary goal of the current study was to empirically evaluate the independent relationships between physical activity and fitness with functional brain health among healthy older adults, as measured by the functional connectivity of cognitively and clinically relevant resting state networks. To build context for fitness and physical activity associations in older adults, we first demonstrate that young adults have greater within-network functional connectivity across a broad range of cortical association networks. Based on these results and previous research, we predicted that individual differences in fitness and physical activity would be most strongly associated with functional integrity of the networks most sensitive to aging. Consistent with this prediction, and extending on previous research, we showed that cardiorespiratory fitness has a positive relationship with functional connectivity of several cortical networks associated with age-related decline, and effects were strongest in the default mode network (DMN). Furthermore, our results suggest that the positive association of fitness with brain function can occur independent of habitual physical activity. Overall, our findings provide further support that cardiorespiratory fitness is an important factor in moderating the adverse effects of aging on cognitively and clinically relevant functional brain networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle W Voss
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Iowa, USA.
| | - Timothy B Weng
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Iowa, USA
| | | | - Chelsea N Wong
- The Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, USA
| | - Gillian E Cooke
- The Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, USA
| | - Rachel Clark
- Interdisciplinary Neuroscience Graduate training program, University of Iowa, USA
| | - Jason Fanning
- Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, USA
| | - Elizabeth Awick
- Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, USA
| | - Neha P Gothe
- Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, USA
| | - Erin A Olson
- Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, USA
| | - Edward McAuley
- Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, USA
| | - Arthur F Kramer
- The Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, USA
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9
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Hammer R, Cooke GE, Stein MA, Booth JR. Functional neuroimaging of visuospatial working memory tasks enables accurate detection of attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder. Neuroimage Clin 2015; 9:244-52. [PMID: 26509111 PMCID: PMC4576365 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2015.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2015] [Revised: 08/21/2015] [Accepted: 08/25/2015] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Finding neurobiological markers for neurodevelopmental disorders, such as attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), is a major objective of clinicians and neuroscientists. We examined if functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) data from a few distinct visuospatial working memory (VSWM) tasks enables accurately detecting cases with ADHD. We tested 20 boys with ADHD combined type and 20 typically developed (TD) boys in four VSWM tasks that differed in feedback availability (feedback, no-feedback) and reward size (large, small). We used a multimodal analysis based on brain activity in 16 regions of interest, significantly activated or deactivated in the four VSWM tasks (based on the entire participants' sample). Dimensionality of the data was reduced into 10 principal components that were used as the input variables to a logistic regression classifier. fMRI data from the four VSWM tasks enabled a classification accuracy of 92.5%, with high predicted ADHD probability values for most clinical cases, and low predicted ADHD probabilities for most TDs. This accuracy level was higher than those achieved by using the fMRI data of any single task, or the respective behavioral data. This indicates that task-based fMRI data acquired while participants perform a few distinct VSWM tasks enables improved detection of clinical cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rubi Hammer
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA ; Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Gillian E Cooke
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA ; Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, IL, USA
| | - Mark A Stein
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - James R Booth
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA ; Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA ; Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
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10
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Chaddock-Heyman L, Mackenzie MJ, Zuniga K, Cooke GE, Awick E, Roberts S, Erickson KI, McAuley E, Kramer AF. Higher cardiorespiratory fitness levels are associated with greater hippocampal volume in breast cancer survivors. Front Hum Neurosci 2015; 9:465. [PMID: 26379528 PMCID: PMC4549568 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2015.00465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2015] [Accepted: 08/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
As breast cancer treatment is associated with declines in brain and cognitive health, it is important to identify strategies to enhance the cognitive vitality of cancer survivors. In particular, the hippocampus is known to play an important role in brain and memory declines following cancer treatment. The hippocampus is also known for its plasticity and positive association with cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF). The present study explores whether CRF may hold promise for lessening declines in brain and cognitive health of a sample of breast cancer survivors within 3 years of completion of primary cancer treatment. We explored the role of cardiovascular fitness in hippocampal structure in breast cancer survivors and non-cancer female controls, as well as performed a median split to compare differences in hippocampal volume in relatively higher fit and lower fit cancer survivors and non-cancer controls. Indeed, CRF and total hippocampal volume were positively correlated in the cancer survivors. In particular, higher fit breast cancer survivors had comparable hippocampal volumes to non-cancer control participants (Cohen's d = 0.13; p > 0.3), whereas lower fit breast cancer survivors showed significantly smaller hippocampal volumes compared to both lower fit and higher fit control participants (Cohen's d = 0.87, p < 0.05). These results are the first to identify that CRF may protect the brain health of breast cancer survivors within 3 years of treatment. The present study uniquely contributes to the field of cancer and cognition and emphasizes the importance of investigating how individual differences in CRF play a role in brain changes of breast cancer survivors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Chaddock-Heyman
- Department of Psychology, The Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-ChampaignUrbana, IL, USA
| | - Michael J. Mackenzie
- Department of Behavioral Health and Nutrition, College of Health Sciences, University of DelawareNewark, DE, USA
| | - Krystle Zuniga
- School of Family and Consumer Sciences, Texas State UniversitySan Marcos, TX, USA
| | - Gillian E. Cooke
- Department of Psychology, The Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-ChampaignUrbana, IL, USA
| | - Elizabeth Awick
- Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois at Urbana-ChampaignUrbana, IL, USA
| | - Sarah Roberts
- Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois at Urbana-ChampaignUrbana, IL, USA
| | - Kirk I. Erickson
- Department of Psychology, University of PittsburghPittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Edward McAuley
- Department of Psychology, The Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-ChampaignUrbana, IL, USA
- Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois at Urbana-ChampaignUrbana, IL, USA
| | - Arthur F. Kramer
- Department of Psychology, The Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-ChampaignUrbana, IL, USA
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11
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Monti JM, Cooke GE, Watson PD, Voss MW, Kramer AF, Cohen NJ. Relating hippocampus to relational memory processing across domains and delays. J Cogn Neurosci 2015; 27:234-45. [PMID: 25203273 DOI: 10.1162/jocn_a_00717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The hippocampus has been implicated in a diverse set of cognitive domains and paradigms, including cognitive mapping, long-term memory, and relational memory, at long or short study-test intervals. Despite the diversity of these areas, their association with the hippocampus may rely on an underlying commonality of relational memory processing shared among them. Most studies assess hippocampal memory within just one of these domains, making it difficult to know whether these paradigms all assess a similar underlying cognitive construct tied to the hippocampus. Here we directly tested the commonality among disparate tasks linked to the hippocampus by using PCA on performance from a battery of 12 cognitive tasks that included two traditional, long-delay neuropsychological tests of memory and two laboratory tests of relational memory (one of spatial and one of visual object associations) that imposed only short delays between study and test. Also included were different tests of memory, executive function, and processing speed. Structural MRI scans from a subset of participants were used to quantify the volume of the hippocampus and other subcortical regions. Results revealed that the 12 tasks clustered into four components; critically, the two neuropsychological tasks of long-term verbal memory and the two laboratory tests of relational memory loaded onto one component. Moreover, bilateral hippocampal volume was strongly tied to performance on this component. Taken together, these data emphasize the important contribution the hippocampus makes to relational memory processing across a broad range of tasks that span multiple domains.
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12
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Burzynska AZ, Wong CN, Voss MW, Cooke GE, Gothe NP, Fanning J, McAuley E, Kramer AF. Physical Activity Is Linked to Greater Moment-To-Moment Variability in Spontaneous Brain Activity in Older Adults. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0134819. [PMID: 26244873 PMCID: PMC4526228 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0134819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2015] [Accepted: 07/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Higher cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and physical activity (PA) in old age are associated with greater brain structural and functional integrity, and higher cognitive functioning. However, it is not known how different aspects of lifestyle such as sedentariness, light PA (LI-PA), or moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MV-PA) relate to neural activity in aging. In addition, it is not known whether the effects of PA on brain function differ or overlap with those of CRF. Here, we objectively measured CRF as oxygen consumption during a maximal exercise test and measured PA with an accelerometer worn for 7 days in 100 healthy but low active older adults (aged 60–80 years). We modeled the relationships between CRF, PA, and brain functional integrity using multivariate partial least squares analysis. As an index of functional brain integrity we used spontaneous moment-to-moment variability in the blood oxygenation level-dependent signal (SDBOLD), known to be associated with better cognitive functioning in aging. We found that older adults who engaged more in LI-PA and MV-PA had greater SDBOLD in brain regions that play a role in integrating segregated functional domains in the brain and benefit from greater CRF or PA, such as precuneus, hippocampus, medial and lateral prefrontal, and temporal cortices. Our results suggest that engaging in higher intensity PA may have protective effects on neural processing in aging. Finally, we demonstrated that older adults with greater overall WM microstructure were those showing more LI-PA and MV-PA and greater SDBOLD. We conclude that SDBOLD is a promising correlate of functional brain health in aging. Future analyses will evaluate whether SDBOLD is modifiable with interventions aimed to increase PA and CRF in older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Z. Burzynska
- The Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology at the University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Chelsea N. Wong
- The Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology at the University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, United States of America
| | - Michelle W. Voss
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States of America
| | - Gillian E. Cooke
- The Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology at the University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, United States of America
| | - Neha P. Gothe
- Department of Kinesiology, Health and Sport Studies, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States of America
| | - Jason Fanning
- Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, United States of America
| | - Edward McAuley
- Department of Kinesiology, Health and Sport Studies, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States of America
| | - Arthur F. Kramer
- The Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology at the University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, United States of America
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13
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Hammer R, Tennekoon M, Cooke GE, Gayda J, Stein MA, Booth JR. Feedback associated with expectation for larger-reward improves visuospatial working memory performances in children with ADHD. Dev Cogn Neurosci 2015; 14:38-49. [PMID: 26142072 PMCID: PMC4536089 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2015.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2014] [Revised: 06/08/2015] [Accepted: 06/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Children with ADHD and normal controls were tested in working memory tasks. Availability of feedback and expectation for monetary reward were manipulated. ADHDs showed improved working memory when feedback was associated with larger-reward. Performance improvement in ADHD was associated with brain activity normalization.
We tested the interactive effect of feedback and reward on visuospatial working memory in children with ADHD. Seventeen boys with ADHD and 17 Normal Control (NC) boys underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) while performing four visuospatial 2-back tasks that required monitoring the spatial location of letters presented on a display. Tasks varied in reward size (large; small) and feedback availability (no-feedback; feedback). While the performance of NC boys was high in all conditions, boys with ADHD exhibited higher performance (similar to those of NC boys) only when they received feedback associated with large-reward. Performance pattern in both groups was mirrored by neural activity in an executive function neural network comprised of few distinct frontal brain regions. Specifically, neural activity in the left and right middle frontal gyri of boys with ADHD became normal-like only when feedback was available, mainly when feedback was associated with large-reward. When feedback was associated with small-reward, or when large-reward was expected but feedback was not available, boys with ADHD exhibited altered neural activity in the medial orbitofrontal cortex and anterior insula. This suggests that contextual support normalizes activity in executive brain regions in children with ADHD, which results in improved working memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rubi Hammer
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, United States; Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, United States.
| | - Michael Tennekoon
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, United States; Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, United States
| | - Gillian E Cooke
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, United States; Beckman Institute for Advanced Science, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, IL, United States
| | - Jessica Gayda
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, United States
| | - Mark A Stein
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - James R Booth
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, United States; Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, United States; Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, United States
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14
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Burzynska AZ, Wong CN, Voss MW, Cooke GE, McAuley E, Kramer AF. White matter integrity supports BOLD signal variability and cognitive performance in the aging human brain. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0120315. [PMID: 25853882 PMCID: PMC4390282 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0120315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2014] [Accepted: 02/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Decline in cognitive performance in old age is linked to both suboptimal neural processing in grey matter (GM) and reduced integrity of white matter (WM), but the whole-brain structure-function-cognition associations remain poorly understood. Here we apply a novel measure of GM processing-moment-to-moment variability in the blood oxygenation level-dependent signal (SDBOLD)-to study the associations between GM function during resting state, performance on four main cognitive domains (i.e., fluid intelligence, perceptual speed, episodic memory, vocabulary), and WM microstructural integrity in 91 healthy older adults (aged 60-80 years). We modeled the relations between whole-GM SDBOLD with cognitive performance using multivariate partial least squares analysis. We found that greater SDBOLD was associated with better fluid abilities and memory. Most of regions showing behaviorally relevant SDBOLD (e.g., precuneus and insula) were localized to inter- or intra-network "hubs" that connect and integrate segregated functional domains in the brain. Our results suggest that optimal dynamic range of neural processing in hub regions may support cognitive operations that specifically rely on the most flexible neural processing and complex cross-talk between different brain networks. Finally, we demonstrated that older adults with greater WM integrity in all major WM tracts had also greater SDBOLD and better performance on tests of memory and fluid abilities. We conclude that SDBOLD is a promising functional neural correlate of individual differences in cognition in healthy older adults and is supported by overall WM integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Z. Burzynska
- The Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology at the University of Illinois, 405 N. Mathews Ave, Urbana, IL, 61801, United States of America
| | - Chelsea N. Wong
- The Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology at the University of Illinois, 405 N. Mathews Ave, Urbana, IL, 61801, United States of America
| | - Michelle W. Voss
- Department of Psychology, University of Iowa, E11 Seashore Hall, Iowa City, IA, 52242–1407, United States of America
| | - Gillian E. Cooke
- The Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology at the University of Illinois, 405 N. Mathews Ave, Urbana, IL, 61801, United States of America
| | - Edward McAuley
- Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois, 906 S. Goodwin Ave. Urbana, IL, 61801, United States of America
| | - Arthur F. Kramer
- The Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology at the University of Illinois, 405 N. Mathews Ave, Urbana, IL, 61801, United States of America
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15
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Burzynska AZ, Chaddock-Heyman L, Voss MW, Wong CN, Gothe NP, Olson EA, Knecht A, Lewis A, Monti JM, Cooke GE, Wojcicki TR, Fanning J, Chung HD, Awick E, McAuley E, Kramer AF. Physical activity and cardiorespiratory fitness are beneficial for white matter in low-fit older adults. PLoS One 2014; 9:e107413. [PMID: 25229455 PMCID: PMC4167864 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0107413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2014] [Accepted: 08/12/2014] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Physical activity (PA) and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) are associated with better cognitive function in late life, but the neural correlates for these relationships are unclear. To study these correlates, we examined the association of both PA and CRF with measures of white matter (WM) integrity in 88 healthy low-fit adults (age 60–78). Using accelerometry, we objectively measured sedentary behavior, light PA, and moderate to vigorous PA (MV-PA) over a week. We showed that greater MV-PA was related to lower volume of WM lesions. The association between PA and WM microstructural integrity (measured with diffusion tensor imaging) was region-specific: light PA was related to temporal WM, while sedentary behavior was associated with lower integrity in the parahippocampal WM. Our findings highlight that engaging in PA of various intensity in parallel with avoiding sedentariness are important in maintaining WM health in older age, supporting public health recommendations that emphasize the importance of active lifestyle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Zofia Burzynska
- The Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Laura Chaddock-Heyman
- The Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Michelle W. Voss
- Department of Psychology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Chelsea N. Wong
- The Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Neha P. Gothe
- Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Erin A. Olson
- Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Anya Knecht
- The Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Andrew Lewis
- The Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Jim M. Monti
- The Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Gillian E. Cooke
- The Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Thomas R. Wojcicki
- Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Jason Fanning
- Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Hyondo David Chung
- Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Elisabeth Awick
- Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Edward McAuley
- The Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois, United States of America
- Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Arthur F. Kramer
- The Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois, United States of America
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16
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Thyroid hormones are important for the adult brain, particularly regions of the hippocampus including the dentate gyrus and CA1 and CA3 regions. The hippocampus is a thyroid hormone receptor-rich region of the brain involved in learning and memory. Consequently, alterations in thyroid hormone levels have been reported to impair hippocampal-associated learning and memory, synaptic plasticity, and neurogenesis. While these effects have been shown primarily in developing rats, as well as in adult rats, little is known about the effects in adult humans. There are currently no data regarding structural changes in the hippocampus as a result of adult-onset hypothyroidism. We aimed to establish whether hippocampal volume was reduced in patients with untreated adult-onset hypothyroidism compared to age-matched healthy controls. METHODS High-resolution magnetization-prepared rapid acquisition with gradient echo (MPRAGE) scans were performed on 11 untreated hypothyroid adults and 9 age-matched control subjects. Hypothyroidism was diagnosed based on increased levels of thyrotropin (TSH) and reduced levels of free thyroxine (fT4). RESULTS Volumetric analysis of the right and left hippocampal regions, using functional magnetic resonance imaging of the brain (FMRIB) integrated registration and segmentation tool (FIRST), demonstrated significant volume reduction in the right hippocampus in the hypothyroid patients relative to the control group. CONCLUSIONS These findings provide preliminary evidence that hypothyroidism results in structural deficits in the adult human brain. Decreases in volume in the right hippocampus were evident in patients with adult-onset overt hypothyroidism, supporting some of the findings in animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gillian E Cooke
- 1 Institute of Neuroscience , Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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17
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Wang D, Guo Y, Wrighton SA, Cooke GE, Sadee W. Intronic polymorphism in CYP3A4 affects hepatic expression and response to statin drugs. Pharmacogenomics J 2010; 11:274-86. [PMID: 20386561 DOI: 10.1038/tpj.2010.28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 370] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) metabolizes ∼50% of all clinically used drugs. Although CYP3A4 expression varies widely between individuals, the contribution of genetic factors remains uncertain. In this study, we measured allelic CYP3A4 heteronuclear RNA (hnRNA) and mRNA expression in 76 human liver samples heterozygous for at least one of eight marker SNPs and found marked allelic expression imbalance (1.6-6.3-fold) in 10/76 liver samples (13%). This was fully accounted for by an intron 6 SNP (rs35599367, C>T), which also affected mRNA expression in cell culture on minigene transfections. CYP3A4 mRNA level and enzyme activity in livers with CC genotype were 1.7- and 2.5-fold, respectively, greater than in CT and TT carriers. In 235 patients taking stable doses of atorvastatin, simvastatin, or lovastatin for lipid control, carriers of the T allele required significantly lower statin doses (0.2-0.6-fold, P=0.019) than non-T carriers for optimal lipid control. These results indicate that intron 6 SNP rs35599367 markedly affects expression of CYP3A4 and could serve as a biomarker for predicting response to CYP3A4-metabolized drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Program in Pharmacogenomics, School of Biomedical Science, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
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19
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Boudoulas KD, Cooke GE, Roos CM, Bray PF, Goldschmidt-Clermont PJ. The PlA polymorphism of glycoprotein IIIa functions as a modifier for the effect of estrogen on platelet aggregation. Arch Pathol Lab Med 2001; 125:112-5. [PMID: 11151063 DOI: 10.5858/2001-125-0112-tpapog] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although estrogen has been shown to contribute to retardation of the development of coronary heart disease in premenopausal women, the efficacy of hormone replacement therapy for coronary heart disease prevention in women with established coronary heart disease remains controversial. Hence, additional research is needed to clarify the effects of hormone replacement therapy on the cardiovascular and clotting systems. We investigated the effect of estrogen on platelet aggregation induced by standard agonists (epinephrine and adenosine diphosphate), with and without the platelet antagonist aspirin. Furthermore, we analyzed our data according to the presence or absence of a prevalent polymorphism of the glycoprotein (GP) IIIa subunit of the platelet fibrinogen receptor GPIIb-IIIa, PlA2. METHODS AND RESULTS The effect of estrogen on aggregation of platelets was studied in healthy men (n = 20, 10 PlA1/A1 and 10 PlA1/A2) and premenopausal healthy women (n = 10, 5 PlA1/A1 and 5 PlA1/A2). The PlA1/A1 and PlA1/A2 individuals were matched for age and race. Platelet response to agonists was investigated in the presence of (1) estrogen (10(-11) to 10(-8) mol/L), (2) aspirin (0.056 to 56 micromol/L), (3) estrogen plus aspirin, and (4) estrogen plus ICI 182 780 (ICI, 10(-9) mol/L, an inhibitor of the estrogen receptor). We found that physiologic concentrations of estrogen strongly and significantly inhibited the aggregation of PlA1/A2 platelets (P<.005 for epinephrine and P<.05 for adenosine diphosphate, induced aggregation, respectively) in both men and women. Concentrations of estrogen that were 1000-fold greater were required to observe the same level of inhibition with PlA1/A1 platelets. In the presence of aspirin, estrogen failed to provide additional inhibitory effect on aggregation of both PlA1/A1 and PlA1/A2 platelets. The estrogen-specific inhibitor ICI blocked the effect of estrogen on aggregation, suggesting that this effect is mediated by the estrogen receptor. CONCLUSIONS Estrogen inhibits the aggregation of platelets, but such inhibition is highly dependent on the presence or absence of the PlA2 polymorphism of GPIIIa. However, in the presence of aspirin, the inhibitory effect of estrogen on aggregation was no longer detectable.
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Affiliation(s)
- K D Boudoulas
- Heart and Lung Institute and Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
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20
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Cooke GE, Eaton GM, Whitby G, Kennedy RA, Binkley PF, Moeschberger ML, Leier CV. Plasma atherogenic markers in congestive heart failure and posttransplant (heart) patients. J Am Coll Cardiol 2000; 36:509-16. [PMID: 10933365 DOI: 10.1016/s0735-1097(00)00756-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We hypothesized that plasma factors important for the development of atherosclerosis play a major role in the occurrence of cardiac allograft vasculopathy (CAV). BACKGROUND Cardiac allograft vasculopathy is a major cause of death among heart transplant recipients, has a poorly understood pathogenesis and has similarities to atherosclerotic coronary disease. METHODS The study population consisted of 93 postcardiac transplant recipients. Thirty-one patients with congestive heart failure (CHF) and 18 healthy individuals served as control subjects. Posttransplant coronary anatomy was evaluated by angiography and intravascular ultrasound. Laboratory analyses of lipids, homocysteine, vitamin B12 and folate, fibrinogen, von Willebrand factor antigen (vWFAg) and renin were obtained on all participants. RESULTS Posttransplant patients were found to have elevated serum triglycerides, total cholesterol/ high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio, lipoprotein (a), homocysteine, vWFAg, fibrinogen and renin and lower high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Most of these laboratory atherogenic factors were also elevated to a similar degree in the CHF control population. Although most atherogenic markers were elevated, there was little correlation with CAV severity. Cardiac allograft vasculopathy severity varied with time after transplantation, 3-hydroxy-methyl-glutaryl-coenzyme A reductase inhibitor use and prior cytomegalovirus infection. Even within the normal range, lower RBC folate levels were associated with increased severity of CAV. CONCLUSIONS The posttransplant course is associated with increased clinical and laboratory atherogenic factors, some of which likely contribute to the severity of coronary vasculopathy. Compared with normal control subjects, many of these markers are already increased in pretransplant CHF patients with or without occlusive coronary artery disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- G E Cooke
- The Heart and Lung Institute, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine and Public Health, The Ohio State University, Columbus 43210, USA
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Abstract
We discuss a sample size calculation for a pair-matched case-control study to test for interaction between a specific exposure and a second risk factor. The second risk factor could be either binary or continuous. An algorithm for the calculation of sample size is suggested which is based on a logistic regression model that relates the logarithm of the disease-exposure odds ratio to the second risk factor. This problem is motivated by a study comparing the prevalence of GP-IIIa Pl(A2) polymorphism (the exposure) in individuals with and without myocardial infarction (case-control). One of the hypotheses in this study is whether or not there is an interaction between the prevalence of GP-IIIa Pl(A2) polymorphism and a second risk factor such as smoking status and homocysteine level. We introduce the algorithm in detail with several numerical examples.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Qiu
- School of Statistics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
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23
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Goldschmidt-Clermont PJ, Coleman LD, Pham YM, Cooke GE, Shear WS, Weiss EJ, Kral BG, Moy TF, Yook RM, Blumenthal RS, Becker DM, Becker LC, Bray PF. Higher prevalence of GPIIIa PlA2 polymorphism in siblings of patients with premature coronary heart disease. Arch Pathol Lab Med 1999; 123:1223-9. [PMID: 10583927 DOI: 10.5858/1999-123-1223-hpogpa] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Pl(A2) polymorphism of GPIIIa has been associated with unstable coronary syndromes in some studies, but the association has remained debated. None of the previous studies have focused on families at high risk. Risk factors tend to cluster within kindreds with high prevalence of premature coronary heart disease (CHD). Therefore, a heightened prevalence of the Pl(A2) polymorphism among siblings of patients with CHD would support the hypothesis that Pl(A2) is linked, directly or indirectly, to CHD. OBJECTIVES To measure the prevalence of the Pl(A2) polymorphism among siblings of patients with CHD before the age of 60 years and to seek an association between the Pl(A2) polymorphism and established atherosclerotic and thrombogenic risk factors. METHODS From January 1994 to April 1996, we genotyped 116 asymptomatic siblings (60 Caucasians, 56 Afro-Caribbeans) of patients with CHD manifestations before the age of 60 years for the Pl(A) polymorphism (also called HPA-1). A control cohort was used for comparison, consisting of individuals that were matched for race and geographic area but were free of CHD (n = 268, 168 Caucasians and 100 Afro-Caribbeans). In addition, we have characterized the sibling cohort for other atherogenic and thrombogenic risk factors. RESULTS The prevalence of Pl(A2)-positive individuals (Pl(A2)[+], Pl(A1/A2) heterozygotes plus Pl(A2/A2) homozygotes) in the sibling cohort was high: 41.4%. When analyzed separately, the prevalence of Pl(A2)(+) siblings was 53.3% among Caucasians and 28.6% among Afro-Caribbeans. There was no association between Pl(A2) and other established atherogenic or thrombogenic risk factors. Interestingly, the clustering of other risk factors was lesser among Pl(A2)(+) siblings than their Pl(A1) counterparts. CONCLUSIONS This study supports the hypothesis that the prevalence of Pl(A2)(+) individuals is high in kindreds with premature CHD. Hence, like the established risk factors that tend to cluster in families with premature CHD and contribute strongly to the accelerated atherosclerotic process affecting these individuals, the Pl(A2) polymorphism of GPIIIa may represent an inherited risk that promotes the thromboembolic complications of CHD. That these asymptomatic Pl(A2)(+) siblings had overall less established risk factors than their Pl(A1) counterparts might represent an explanation for why they remained asymptomatic despite their Pl(A2) positivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- P J Goldschmidt-Clermont
- Heart and Lung Institute and the Division of Cardiology, College of Medicine and Public Health, The Ohio State University, Columbus 43210, USA.
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Affiliation(s)
- P J Goldschmidt-Clermont
- Heart and Lung Institute, and Division of Cardiology, College of Medicine and Public Health, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA.
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Irani K, Pham Y, Coleman LD, Roos C, Cooke GE, Miodovnik A, Karim N, Wilhide CC, Bray PF, Goldschmidt-Clermont PJ. Priming of platelet alphaIIbbeta3 by oxidants is associated with tyrosine phosphorylation of beta3. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 1998; 18:1698-706. [PMID: 9812907 DOI: 10.1161/01.atv.18.11.1698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species play an important role at the site of vascular injuries and arterial thromboses. We studied the mechanism mediating platelet aggregation induced by H2O2, a major cellular oxidant. Exposure to H2O2 triggered platelet aggregation, but only when the platelets were stirred. Strong platelet aggregation induced99032416 required the presence of the tyrosine phosphatase inhibitor sodium orthovanadate (NaVO4) and was dependent on the participation of integrin alphaIIbbeta3 (glycoprotein IIb-IIIa). A specific inhibitor of alphaIIbbeta3 blocked platelet aggregation induced by H2O2 and NaVO4, thus confirming that aggregation requires this receptor. In the presence of H2O2 and NaVO4, multiple platelet substrates were phosphorylated on tyrosine. Such tyrosine kinase response was necessary but not sufficient to activate alphaIIbbeta3, as detected by binding of soluble fibrinogen to platelets. Stirring of the platelets exposed to H2O2 and NaVO4 was also needed to allow for binding of fibrinogen to alphaIIbbeta3. The tyrosine kinase inhibitor genistein was able to block platelet aggregation induced by H2O2 and NaVO4, thus confirming that tyrosine kinase activity was needed to trigger alphaIIbbeta3 activation on stirring. N-Acetyl-L-cysteine, a cell-permeant antioxidant, blocked the tyrosine phosphorylation of platelet substrates and also the platelet aggregation induced by H2O2 and NaVO4. We found that beta3 was phosphorylated on tyrosine in platelets exposed to H2O2 and NaVO4, even in the absence of aggregation. Hence, tyrosine phosphorylation of beta3 might contribute to the "priming" of alphaIIbbeta3 induced by H2O2 and NaVO4, whereby the receptor can become activated on stirring of the platelets.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Irani
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Md, USA
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