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Bergamaschi G, Barteselli C, Del Rio V, Borrelli de Andreis F, Pellegrino I, Mengoli C, Miceli E, Colaneri M, Zuccaro V, Di Stefano M, Bruno R, Di Sabatino A, Achilli G, Alimenti E, Alunno G, Antoci V, Aprile M, Argelli A, Aronico N, Ballesio A, Bellini G, Berbenni A, Bertolino G, Bianchi PI, Biserni S, Bonfichi A, Bosoni T, Brattoli M, Calabretta F, Callisti M, Cambiè G, Canta R, Canu P, Cebrelli C, Cecco A, Cicalini C, Clemente M, Clerici L, Codega S, Conca F, Coppola L, Costanzo F, Cremonte ME, Cresci R, Delliponti M, Del Rio V, Delogu C, Derosa G, Dionisi D, Di Terlizzi F, Dota M, Falaschi F, Fazzino E, Ferrami L, Ferrara S, Ferrari MG, Ferruccio N, Freddi G, Frenna C, Frigerio C, Fumoso F, Fusco A, Galeazzo A, Gaspari V, Gentile A, Giangreco A, Gori G, Grandi G, Gregorio V, Grimaldi P, Italia A, Lapia F, Latorre MA, Lenti MV, Lepore F, Lobello A, Lovati E, Lucotti PC, Lusetti F, Maimaris S, Mambella J, Martignoni A, Melazzini F, Mercanti C, Merli S, Moltisanti GC, Monti ME, Morbegno L, Mordà F, Mugellini A, Muggia C, Muscia R, Nardone A, Padovini L, Palumbo I, Parisi IM, Pecci A, Peroo GP, Petrucci C, Pieresca C, Pino G, Pitotti L, Poma S, Preti PS, Quadrelli A, Rascaroli A, Rigano G, Rossi CM, Rotola G, Ruggeri D, Russo MC, Sabatini U, Saglio S, Santacroce G, Savioli G, Savioli J, Scalia SS, Scalvini D, Shoval Y, Soffiantini C, Soriano S, Spadaro D, Staniscia A, Stefani D, Vai F, Varallo M, Vernero M. Impaired respiratory function reduces haemoglobin oxygen affinity in COVID-19. Br J Haematol 2023; 200:e44-e47. [PMID: 36572525 PMCID: PMC9880731 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.18620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gaetano Bergamaschi
- Internal Medicine Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Chiara Barteselli
- Internal Medicine Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy.,Department of Internal Medicine & Medical Therapy, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Virginia Del Rio
- Internal Medicine Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy.,Department of Internal Medicine & Medical Therapy, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Federica Borrelli de Andreis
- Internal Medicine Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy.,Department of Internal Medicine & Medical Therapy, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Ivan Pellegrino
- Internal Medicine Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy.,Department of Internal Medicine & Medical Therapy, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Caterina Mengoli
- Internal Medicine Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Emanuela Miceli
- Internal Medicine Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Marta Colaneri
- Division of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy.,Department of Clinical Surgical Diagnostic & Pediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Valentina Zuccaro
- Division of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Michele Di Stefano
- Internal Medicine Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Raffaele Bruno
- Division of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy.,Department of Clinical Surgical Diagnostic & Pediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Antonio Di Sabatino
- Internal Medicine Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy.,Department of Internal Medicine & Medical Therapy, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
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Savioli G, Lapia F, Bosoni T, Alunno G, Rigano G, Coppola L, Fusco A, Lo Bello A, Brattoli M, Fumoso F, Novelli V, Muzzi A, Mugellini A, Martignoni A, Cutti S, Di Sabatino A. P341 DANTE (DIAGNOSTIC ACUTE PATIENT TOOL IN EMERGENCY) & BEATRICE (BEDSIDE ECHOCARDIOGRAPHIC ASSESMENT FOR IMPROVE CLINICAL EVALUATION) FOR GERIATRIC PATIENTS. Eur Heart J Suppl 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/suac012.328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Objectives
To determine whether comprehensive quantitative bed side echocardiogram could be used as a usual assessment tool in acute geriatric patients and to assess its effect on patient care.
Design
Retrospective. Setting: DEA di II livello IRCSS Policlinico san Matteo.
Patients
Acute ill medical, trauma and surgical patients. A doctor enrolled in the discipline of emergency medicine was assigned to perform bedside echocardiograms of acute inpatients. This work took only geriatric patients into consideration. (> 65aa). Interventions: The Bedside Echocardiographic AssesmenT foR Improve Clinical Evaluetion (BEATRICE), a comprehensive transthoracic echocardiogram was performed.
Measurements and Main Results
6–month period, 369 BEATRICEs were performed. The mean patient age was 76.2 (±14.3) years. 95% were hospitalized in medical departments and 5% in surgical ward. In 97.4% of cases BEATRICE was performed in a timely manner. The ejection fraction, cardiac index and the volumetric indices of the left ventricle is reported in 97% of the reports. Estimated stroke volume, longitudinal systolic function with tissue Doppler and atrium study is reported in 99.7%, 98.6% and 98.9% of BEATRICE studies. The study of diastolic and atrium function is reported in 99.3% and 98.9% of the reports respectively. Estimated left ventricular filling pressures are reported in 98.3% of the measurements. Information on the vena cava reported for 98%. Right heart function was assessed for 91.8%. Mean or systolic right ventricular pressures, or both, were also estimated in 91.9% of the reports. The BEATRICE was judged to be useful by the consulting primary care team in over 96% of cases, BEATRICEs allow the modification of therapy or the diagnostic process in over 40% of cases (in 27% of cases they allow to significantly modify the therapy and in 16% of cases they allow to significantly modify the diagnostic therapeutic procedure) and speeding up the diagnostic process in over 30% of cases.
Conclusions
The BEATRICE is feasible and alters care in the intensive care unit by providing clinical data not otherwise available at the bedside. Further studies are warranted to assess the impact of comprehensive echocardiogram–directed resuscitation on patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Savioli
- EMERGENCY DEPARTMENT, IRCCS POLICLINICO SAN MATTEO, PAVIA; UNIVERSITY OF PAVIA, PAVIA; DIREZIONE MEDICA DI PRESIDIO IRCCS POLICLINICO SAN MATTEO, PAVIA; INTERNAL MEDICINE IRCCS POLICLINICO SAN MATTEO, DIREZIONE MEDICA DI PRESIDIO IRCCS POLICLINICO SAN MATTEO, PAVIA; DIRECTOR OF INTERNAL MEDICINE DEPARTMENT, IRCCS POLICLINICO SAN MATTEO, PAVIA
| | - F Lapia
- EMERGENCY DEPARTMENT, IRCCS POLICLINICO SAN MATTEO, PAVIA; UNIVERSITY OF PAVIA, PAVIA; DIREZIONE MEDICA DI PRESIDIO IRCCS POLICLINICO SAN MATTEO, PAVIA; INTERNAL MEDICINE IRCCS POLICLINICO SAN MATTEO, DIREZIONE MEDICA DI PRESIDIO IRCCS POLICLINICO SAN MATTEO, PAVIA; DIRECTOR OF INTERNAL MEDICINE DEPARTMENT, IRCCS POLICLINICO SAN MATTEO, PAVIA
| | - T Bosoni
- EMERGENCY DEPARTMENT, IRCCS POLICLINICO SAN MATTEO, PAVIA; UNIVERSITY OF PAVIA, PAVIA; DIREZIONE MEDICA DI PRESIDIO IRCCS POLICLINICO SAN MATTEO, PAVIA; INTERNAL MEDICINE IRCCS POLICLINICO SAN MATTEO, DIREZIONE MEDICA DI PRESIDIO IRCCS POLICLINICO SAN MATTEO, PAVIA; DIRECTOR OF INTERNAL MEDICINE DEPARTMENT, IRCCS POLICLINICO SAN MATTEO, PAVIA
| | - G Alunno
- EMERGENCY DEPARTMENT, IRCCS POLICLINICO SAN MATTEO, PAVIA; UNIVERSITY OF PAVIA, PAVIA; DIREZIONE MEDICA DI PRESIDIO IRCCS POLICLINICO SAN MATTEO, PAVIA; INTERNAL MEDICINE IRCCS POLICLINICO SAN MATTEO, DIREZIONE MEDICA DI PRESIDIO IRCCS POLICLINICO SAN MATTEO, PAVIA; DIRECTOR OF INTERNAL MEDICINE DEPARTMENT, IRCCS POLICLINICO SAN MATTEO, PAVIA
| | - G Rigano
- EMERGENCY DEPARTMENT, IRCCS POLICLINICO SAN MATTEO, PAVIA; UNIVERSITY OF PAVIA, PAVIA; DIREZIONE MEDICA DI PRESIDIO IRCCS POLICLINICO SAN MATTEO, PAVIA; INTERNAL MEDICINE IRCCS POLICLINICO SAN MATTEO, DIREZIONE MEDICA DI PRESIDIO IRCCS POLICLINICO SAN MATTEO, PAVIA; DIRECTOR OF INTERNAL MEDICINE DEPARTMENT, IRCCS POLICLINICO SAN MATTEO, PAVIA
| | - L Coppola
- EMERGENCY DEPARTMENT, IRCCS POLICLINICO SAN MATTEO, PAVIA; UNIVERSITY OF PAVIA, PAVIA; DIREZIONE MEDICA DI PRESIDIO IRCCS POLICLINICO SAN MATTEO, PAVIA; INTERNAL MEDICINE IRCCS POLICLINICO SAN MATTEO, DIREZIONE MEDICA DI PRESIDIO IRCCS POLICLINICO SAN MATTEO, PAVIA; DIRECTOR OF INTERNAL MEDICINE DEPARTMENT, IRCCS POLICLINICO SAN MATTEO, PAVIA
| | - A Fusco
- EMERGENCY DEPARTMENT, IRCCS POLICLINICO SAN MATTEO, PAVIA; UNIVERSITY OF PAVIA, PAVIA; DIREZIONE MEDICA DI PRESIDIO IRCCS POLICLINICO SAN MATTEO, PAVIA; INTERNAL MEDICINE IRCCS POLICLINICO SAN MATTEO, DIREZIONE MEDICA DI PRESIDIO IRCCS POLICLINICO SAN MATTEO, PAVIA; DIRECTOR OF INTERNAL MEDICINE DEPARTMENT, IRCCS POLICLINICO SAN MATTEO, PAVIA
| | - A Lo Bello
- EMERGENCY DEPARTMENT, IRCCS POLICLINICO SAN MATTEO, PAVIA; UNIVERSITY OF PAVIA, PAVIA; DIREZIONE MEDICA DI PRESIDIO IRCCS POLICLINICO SAN MATTEO, PAVIA; INTERNAL MEDICINE IRCCS POLICLINICO SAN MATTEO, DIREZIONE MEDICA DI PRESIDIO IRCCS POLICLINICO SAN MATTEO, PAVIA; DIRECTOR OF INTERNAL MEDICINE DEPARTMENT, IRCCS POLICLINICO SAN MATTEO, PAVIA
| | - M Brattoli
- EMERGENCY DEPARTMENT, IRCCS POLICLINICO SAN MATTEO, PAVIA; UNIVERSITY OF PAVIA, PAVIA; DIREZIONE MEDICA DI PRESIDIO IRCCS POLICLINICO SAN MATTEO, PAVIA; INTERNAL MEDICINE IRCCS POLICLINICO SAN MATTEO, DIREZIONE MEDICA DI PRESIDIO IRCCS POLICLINICO SAN MATTEO, PAVIA; DIRECTOR OF INTERNAL MEDICINE DEPARTMENT, IRCCS POLICLINICO SAN MATTEO, PAVIA
| | - F Fumoso
- EMERGENCY DEPARTMENT, IRCCS POLICLINICO SAN MATTEO, PAVIA; UNIVERSITY OF PAVIA, PAVIA; DIREZIONE MEDICA DI PRESIDIO IRCCS POLICLINICO SAN MATTEO, PAVIA; INTERNAL MEDICINE IRCCS POLICLINICO SAN MATTEO, DIREZIONE MEDICA DI PRESIDIO IRCCS POLICLINICO SAN MATTEO, PAVIA; DIRECTOR OF INTERNAL MEDICINE DEPARTMENT, IRCCS POLICLINICO SAN MATTEO, PAVIA
| | - V Novelli
- EMERGENCY DEPARTMENT, IRCCS POLICLINICO SAN MATTEO, PAVIA; UNIVERSITY OF PAVIA, PAVIA; DIREZIONE MEDICA DI PRESIDIO IRCCS POLICLINICO SAN MATTEO, PAVIA; INTERNAL MEDICINE IRCCS POLICLINICO SAN MATTEO, DIREZIONE MEDICA DI PRESIDIO IRCCS POLICLINICO SAN MATTEO, PAVIA; DIRECTOR OF INTERNAL MEDICINE DEPARTMENT, IRCCS POLICLINICO SAN MATTEO, PAVIA
| | - A Muzzi
- EMERGENCY DEPARTMENT, IRCCS POLICLINICO SAN MATTEO, PAVIA; UNIVERSITY OF PAVIA, PAVIA; DIREZIONE MEDICA DI PRESIDIO IRCCS POLICLINICO SAN MATTEO, PAVIA; INTERNAL MEDICINE IRCCS POLICLINICO SAN MATTEO, DIREZIONE MEDICA DI PRESIDIO IRCCS POLICLINICO SAN MATTEO, PAVIA; DIRECTOR OF INTERNAL MEDICINE DEPARTMENT, IRCCS POLICLINICO SAN MATTEO, PAVIA
| | - A Mugellini
- EMERGENCY DEPARTMENT, IRCCS POLICLINICO SAN MATTEO, PAVIA; UNIVERSITY OF PAVIA, PAVIA; DIREZIONE MEDICA DI PRESIDIO IRCCS POLICLINICO SAN MATTEO, PAVIA; INTERNAL MEDICINE IRCCS POLICLINICO SAN MATTEO, DIREZIONE MEDICA DI PRESIDIO IRCCS POLICLINICO SAN MATTEO, PAVIA; DIRECTOR OF INTERNAL MEDICINE DEPARTMENT, IRCCS POLICLINICO SAN MATTEO, PAVIA
| | - A Martignoni
- EMERGENCY DEPARTMENT, IRCCS POLICLINICO SAN MATTEO, PAVIA; UNIVERSITY OF PAVIA, PAVIA; DIREZIONE MEDICA DI PRESIDIO IRCCS POLICLINICO SAN MATTEO, PAVIA; INTERNAL MEDICINE IRCCS POLICLINICO SAN MATTEO, DIREZIONE MEDICA DI PRESIDIO IRCCS POLICLINICO SAN MATTEO, PAVIA; DIRECTOR OF INTERNAL MEDICINE DEPARTMENT, IRCCS POLICLINICO SAN MATTEO, PAVIA
| | - S Cutti
- EMERGENCY DEPARTMENT, IRCCS POLICLINICO SAN MATTEO, PAVIA; UNIVERSITY OF PAVIA, PAVIA; DIREZIONE MEDICA DI PRESIDIO IRCCS POLICLINICO SAN MATTEO, PAVIA; INTERNAL MEDICINE IRCCS POLICLINICO SAN MATTEO, DIREZIONE MEDICA DI PRESIDIO IRCCS POLICLINICO SAN MATTEO, PAVIA; DIRECTOR OF INTERNAL MEDICINE DEPARTMENT, IRCCS POLICLINICO SAN MATTEO, PAVIA
| | - A Di Sabatino
- EMERGENCY DEPARTMENT, IRCCS POLICLINICO SAN MATTEO, PAVIA; UNIVERSITY OF PAVIA, PAVIA; DIREZIONE MEDICA DI PRESIDIO IRCCS POLICLINICO SAN MATTEO, PAVIA; INTERNAL MEDICINE IRCCS POLICLINICO SAN MATTEO, DIREZIONE MEDICA DI PRESIDIO IRCCS POLICLINICO SAN MATTEO, PAVIA; DIRECTOR OF INTERNAL MEDICINE DEPARTMENT, IRCCS POLICLINICO SAN MATTEO, PAVIA
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Mollaschi EMG, Iskandar EN, Esposto MC, Prigitano A, Rigano G, Rotola G, Caneva G, Cavanna C. Catheter-related blood stream infection caused by Millerozyma farinosa in an immunocompetent patient: a case report and a brief review of the literature. New Microbiol 2022; 45:142-147. [PMID: 35699564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Millerozyma farinose is a halotolerant yeast that has recently been described as an emerging human pathogen, especially in immunocompromised patients. Both the diagnostic process and treatment options are still unclear. Here, we report a case of an immunocompetent oncological patient who developed a catheter-related bloodstream infection (CRBSI) with a concomitant respiratory tract infection caused by M. farinosa. In this report, we discuss how prompt microbiological identification and attentive evaluation of the patient's clinical status can play a significant role in the appropriate management of infections caused by uncommon fungi. MALDI-TOF technology has also substantially improved the timely diagnosis of rare fungi. Furthermore, our diagnosis was subsequently confirmed by 5.8S rRNA sequencing. In our patient, the rapid diagnosis of fungaemia was crucial, together with catheter removal and the initiation of antifungal treatment, for the patient's clinical improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Maria Carmela Esposto
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Anna Prigitano
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Giovanni Rigano
- First Department of Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Giorgio Rotola
- First Department of Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Giacomo Caneva
- Specialization School of Microbiology and Virology, Università degli Studi di Pavia, Italy
| | - Caterina Cavanna
- Microbiology and Virology Department, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
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Santacroce G, Lenti MV, Aronico N, Miceli E, Lovati E, Lucotti PC, Coppola L, Gentile A, Latorre MA, Di Terlizzi F, Soriano S, Frigerio C, Pellegrino I, Pasini A, Ubezio C, Mambella J, Canta R, Fusco A, Rigano G, Di Sabatino A. Impact of COVID-19 in immunosuppressive drug-naïve autoimmune disorders: Autoimmune gastritis, celiac disease, type 1 diabetes, and autoimmune thyroid disease. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2022; 33 Suppl 27:105-107. [PMID: 35080315 PMCID: PMC9305940 DOI: 10.1111/pai.13646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Few conflicting data are currently available on the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection in patients with autoimmune disorders. The studies performed so far are influenced, in most cases, by the treatment with immunosuppressive drugs, making it difficult to ascertain the burden of autoimmunity per se. For this reason, herein we assessed the susceptibility to COVID-19 in immunosuppressive drug-naïve patients with autoimmune diseases, such as autoimmune gastritis (AIG), celiac disease (CD), type 1 diabetes (T1D), and autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD). Telephone interviews were conducted on 400 patients-100 for each group-in May 2021 by looking at the positivity of molecular nasopharyngeal swabs and/or serology for SARS-CoV-2, the need for hospitalization, the outcome, and the vaccination status. Overall, a positive COVID-19 test was reported in 33 patients (8.2%), comparable with that of the Lombardy general population (8.2%). In particular, seven patients with AIG, 9 with CD, 8 with T1D, and 9 with AITD experienced COVID-19. Only three patients required hospitalization, none died, and 235 (58.7%) were vaccinated, 43 with AIG, 47 with CD, 91 with T1D, and 54 with AITD. These results seem to suggest that autoimmunity per se does not increase the susceptibility to COVID-19. Also, COVID-19 seems to be mild in these patients, as indicated by the low hospitalization rates and adverse outcomes, although further studies are needed to better clarify this issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Santacroce
- Department of Internal Medicine, San Matteo Hospital Foundation, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Marco Vincenzo Lenti
- Department of Internal Medicine, San Matteo Hospital Foundation, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Nicola Aronico
- Department of Internal Medicine, San Matteo Hospital Foundation, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Emanuela Miceli
- Department of Internal Medicine, San Matteo Hospital Foundation, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Lovati
- Department of Internal Medicine, San Matteo Hospital Foundation, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Pietro Carlo Lucotti
- Department of Internal Medicine, San Matteo Hospital Foundation, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Luigi Coppola
- Department of Internal Medicine, San Matteo Hospital Foundation, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Antonella Gentile
- Department of Internal Medicine, San Matteo Hospital Foundation, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Mario Andrea Latorre
- Department of Internal Medicine, San Matteo Hospital Foundation, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Francesco Di Terlizzi
- Department of Internal Medicine, San Matteo Hospital Foundation, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Simone Soriano
- Department of Internal Medicine, San Matteo Hospital Foundation, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Chiara Frigerio
- Department of Internal Medicine, San Matteo Hospital Foundation, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Ivan Pellegrino
- Department of Internal Medicine, San Matteo Hospital Foundation, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Alessandra Pasini
- Department of Internal Medicine, San Matteo Hospital Foundation, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Cristina Ubezio
- Department of Internal Medicine, San Matteo Hospital Foundation, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Jacopo Mambella
- Department of Internal Medicine, San Matteo Hospital Foundation, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Roberta Canta
- Department of Internal Medicine, San Matteo Hospital Foundation, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Alessandra Fusco
- Department of Internal Medicine, San Matteo Hospital Foundation, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Giovanni Rigano
- Department of Internal Medicine, San Matteo Hospital Foundation, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Antonio Di Sabatino
- Department of Internal Medicine, San Matteo Hospital Foundation, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
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